1 A is the first letter of the English alphabet.
2 A 1 is a term used to describe anything unusually good.
3 Aachen (pop. 238,587) is an industrial city in Germany.
4 Aalto, Alvar (1898-1976), was a Finnish architect, town planner, and furniture designer.
5 Aardvark is an African mammal that lives in the ground and eats ants and termites.
6 Aardwolf is an unusual type of hyena that lives on the plains of southern and eastern Africa.
7 Aaron, in the Bible and in the Quran, was the brother of Moses and Miriam.
8 Aaron, Henry (1934-...), an American baseball player, hit 755 regular-season home runs, more than any
other player in major league history.
9 Abaca is a plant grown in Borneo, the Philippines, and Sumatra for its fibre.
10 Abacus is an ancient device used in China and other countries to perform arithmetic calculations.
11 Abadan (pop. 294,068) is a refining centre for Iran's oil industry.
12 Abalone is a marine snail found in most mild and tropical seas.
13 Abalone fishing is an important commercial industry in all southern Australian states.
14 Abandonment is a legal term that has two chief meanings.
15 Abbas, Ferhat (1899-1985), served as president of Algeria's first elected legislature.
16 Abbey Theatre, in Dublin, is the national theatre of the Republic of Ireland.
17 Abbot is the religious superior of a monastery of an early religious order, such as the Benedictines and
Cistercians.
18 Abbotsbury is a village in Dorset famous for its swannery (a place where swans are bred).
19 Abbott, Lyman (1835-1922), an American Congregationalist preacher and editor, popularized the
reconciliation of evolution with the Biblical account of creation.
20 Abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or a phrase.
21 Abdomen is a large body cavity between the thorax (chest) and the pelvic cavity.
22 Abduh, Muhammad (1849-1905), an Egyptian lawyer, tried to bring Muslim thinking in line with the
findings of science and conditions of the modern world.
23 Abdul Aziz, Ungku (1922-...), a distinguished Malaysian economist, was vice chancellor of the University
of Malaya from 1968 to 1988.
24 Abdul Ghafar Baba, Tun (1925-...), a Malay politician, became deputy prime minister and minister of
national development of Malaysia in 1986.
25 Abdul-Hamid II, (1842-1918), was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
26 Abdul Rahim Kajai (1894?-1944) was the leading professional Malay journalist in the 1930's.
27 Abdul Rahman, Tuanku (1895-1960), the first king of independent Malaya, was yang di-pertuan agong
(paramount ruler) from 1957 to 1960.
28 Abdul Rahman, Tunku (1903-1990), was the first prime minister of the independent country of Malaya
from 1957 to 1963.
29 Abdul Rahman Yakub, Datuk Patinggi (1928-...), a Malay lawyer and politician, was chief minister of the
Malaysian state of Sarawak from 1970 to 1980.
30 Abdul Razak bin Hussein, Tun (1922-1976), the second prime minister of Malaysia, held the post from
1970 to 1976.
31 Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munshi (1795?-1854), is regarded as the first modern Malay writer.
32 Abdurahman, Abdullah (1872?-1940), was the main political leader of the coloured (mixed race) people
in South Africa from 1905 until his death.
33 Abel, in the Bible, the second son of Adam and Eve, was a shepherd (Genesis 4).
34 Abel, I. W. (1908-1987), served as president of the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) from 1965
to 1977.
35
Abelard, Peter (1079-1142), was one of the leading philosophers and theologians of the Middle Ages.
36 Aberconwy and Colwyn (pop. 54,100) was a unitary authority (local government district) in Wales
created in 1996.
37 Abercrombie, Lascelles (1881-1938), was a British poet and scholar.
38 Abercromby, Ralph (1842-1897), was a British meteorologist.
39
Aberdeen (pop. 201,099) is an ancient university centre and the principal city in the north of Scotland.
40 Aberdeen, Earl of (1784-1860), was the United Kingdom's prime minister when the Crimean War started
in 1854.
41 Aberdeen and Temair, Marquess of (1847-1934), a British politician, served as governor general of
Canada from 1893 to 1898.
42 Aberration, in optics, is the failure of light rays to focus properly after they pass through a lens or reflect
from a mirror.
43 Aberystwyth, a popular seaside resort in South Wales, is an important Welsh cultural and educational
centre.
44 Abidjan (pop. 1,850,000) is the capital and largest city of Ivory Coast and one of the busiest seaports in
western Africa.
45 Abnormal psychology is the scientific study of psychological disorders.
46 Abolition movement was activity that took place in the 1700's and 1800's to end slavery.
47 Abominable Snowman, also called Yeti, is a creature said to live on Mount Everest and other mountains
of the Himalaya range of Asia.
48 Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth.
49 Abraham was the founder of Judaism and the ancestor of both the Arabs and the Jews.
50 Abraham, William (1842-1922), was a Welsh politician and trade union leader.
51 Abrahams, Harold Maurice (1899-1978), held the English native long-jump record for 32 years with his
jump of 7.378 metres, made in 1924.
52 Abrasive is a substance used to grind, smoothen, sharpen, and polish various materials.
53 Abruzzi, Duke of the (1873-1933), Luigi Amadeo, Prince of Savoy-Aosta, was an Italian naval officer,
mountain climber, and Arctic explorer.
54 Abscess is a collection of pus within an infected part of the body.
55 Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which the atoms and molecules of a substance have the
least possible energy.
56
Absolutism is a form of government in which one or more persons rule with power unlimited by law.
57 Absorption and adsorption are processes by which substances take in matter or energy, or both.
58 Abstract art is a style of art of the 1900's that discards identifiable subject matter.
59 Abu Bakar (1833-1895), ruled the state of Johor in Malaya from 1862 to 1895.
60 Abu Dhabi (pop. 242,975), also called Abu Zaby, is the capital of the United Arab Emirates, a
confederation of seven Arab states.
61 Abu Simbel, Temples of, are two ancient Egyptian temples that were carved in a rocky mountainside
beside the Nile River in southern Egypt.
62 Abuja is the capital of Nigeria.
63 Abul Fazl (1515-1602) was an Indian scholar.
64 Acacia is the name of a large group of plants related to peas and beans.
65 Academy is the general name for a group of people or an organization that promotes art, literature,
science, or some other field of knowledge.
66 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is an honorary nonprofit organization.
67
Acadia was a region in eastern Canada that became the site of the first European colony in Canada.
68 Acanthus is a group of shrubs or herbs that grow in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.
69
Acapulco (pop. 515,374), officially known as Acapulco de Juarez, is a Mexican port and resort city.
70 Accent, in language, is a stress placed on a syllable in a word.
71 Accentor is a bird that looks like a bunting with a thin bill.
72
Acclimatization is the way in which an organism adjusts to changes in its environment (surroundings).
73 Accomplice, in law, is a person who participates with someone else in a crime, whether by planning it,
carrying out the criminal act itself, or as an aider or abettor.
74 Accordion is a reed-type musical instrument worn on straps around the shoulders.
75 Accountancy is the preparation and analysis of financial records for a commercial company,
government, or other organization.
76 Accra (pop. 964,879; met. area pop. 1,420,065) is the capital and largest city of Ghana.
77 Acculturation is the process by which cultural traits of one group change through the people's contact
with the culture of another group.
78 Acerola is the fruit of a bushy tree that grows 3 to 4.5 metres tall.
79 Acetic acid is an important organic acid and industrial chemical.
80 Acetone is an important industrial chemical.
81 Acetylene is a colourless, flammable gas used for welding and for preparing other chemical compounds.
82 Achaeans were people of ancient Greece who lived in the Peloponnesus (Greece's southern peninsula),
in east-central Greece, and on the islands of Crete, Rhodes, Cephalonia, and Ithaca.
83 Achebe, Chinua (1930-...), a Nigerian author, became one of the most outstanding African writers.
84 Achilles was one of the greatest heroes of Greek mythology.
85 Achilles' tendon is the tendon at the back of the ankle.
86 Acid is any of a group of chemical compounds with certain similar properties.
87 Acid rain is a popular term for rain, snow, sleet, or other precipitation that has been polluted by such
acids as sulphuric acid and nitric acid.
88 Acidosis is a condition in which the body fluids have a higher acid content than normal.
89 Ackermann, Rudolph (1764-1834), a German art publisher who settled in London, is believed to have
introduced lithography into Britain (see LITHOGRAPHY).
90 Acne is a skin disorder that occurs most commonly among teenagers.
91 Aconcagua is an extinct volcano and the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere.
92 Aconite is the name of a group of attractive plants that belong to the buttercup family.
93 Acorn is the nut produced by any of the various kinds of oak trees.
94 Acoustics is the science and technology of sound and of its effect on people.
95 Acre is a measure of land in the imperial system.
96 Acropolis was the religious and military centre of a city-state in ancient Greece.
97 Acrylic is any one of a group of synthetic products made primarily from petroleum.
98 ACTH is an abbreviation of the chemical substance adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
99 Actinium, a chemical element, is an extremely rare, silvery-white, radioactive metal that glows in the
dark.
100 Actinomycosis is a rare, infectious disease that affects human beings.
101 Actium, Battle of, was a naval battle that settled the struggle for control of ancient Rome between corulers
Gaius Octavian and Mark Antony.
102 Acton, Lord (1834-1902), is considered one of the greatest British historians of the 1800's.
103 Acts of the Apostles is the fifth book of the New Testament.
104 Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese method of relieving pain and treating a variety of diseases by
inserting needles into various parts of the body.
105 A.D. is the abbreviation for anno Domini, which is Latin for in the year of our Lord.
106 Adam is the family name of four Scottish brothers, Robert, James, John, and William, who were all
trained as architects.
107
Adam and Eve, according to the Bible and the Quran, were the first man and woman created by God.
108 Adams, Abigail Smith (1744-1818), was the wife of John Adams, who served as the second president of
the United States from 1797 to 1801.
109 Adams, Ansel (1902-1984), was an American photographer known for his dramatic photographs of the
West.
110 Adams, Sir Grantley Herbert (1898-1971), was a West Indian statesman who became the first premier of
Barbados and later, prime minister of the Federation of the West Indies.
111 Adams, James Truslow (1878-1949), an American historian, wrote The Epic of America, a best seller in
1931.
112 Adams, John (1735-1826), a United States political leader, served under George Washington as the first
U.S. vice president and followed him as the second president (1797-1801).
113 Adams, John Couch (1819-1892), was a British astronomer who predicted the existence of the planet
Neptune.
114 Adams, John Quincy (1767-1848), was the sixth president of the United States (1825-1829).
115 Adams, Roger (1889-1971), was an American chemist who became known for his work in the field of
organic chemistry.
116 Adams, Samuel (1722-1803), was an American patriot and politician who stirred opposition to British rule
in the North American Colonies.
117 Adams-Onis Treaty, or Transcontinental Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and
Spain.
118 Adamson, Joy (1910-1980), an author and painter, became famous with her book Born Free: A Lioness
of Two Worlds (1960).
119 Adaptation is a characteristic of an organism that makes it better able to survive and reproduce in its
environment.
120 Addams, Jane (1860-1935), was an American social worker and humanitarian.
121 Addax is an antelope that lives in the deserts of North Africa.
122 Adder is the name given to several species of snakes in various parts of the world.
123 Adding machine is a device that adds numbers.
124 Addington, Henry (1757-1844), was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804.
125 Addis Ababa (pop. 1,412,577) is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia.
126 Addison, Joseph (1672-1719), was an English author and politician.
127 Addison, Thomas (1793-1860), was a British doctor famous for his description of Addison's disease (see
ADDISON'S DISEASE).
128 Addison's disease is a serious ailment of the adrenal glands.
129
Addition is a way of putting together two or more things to find out how many there are altogether.
130 Address, Forms of, are the courteous way to speak or write to someone.
131 Ade, George (1866-1944), was an American humorist, playwright, and journalist.
132 Adelaide (pop. 1,023,617) is the capital and chief port of South Australia.
133 Adelaide Festival is held every two years.
134
Adelaide Hills form a backdrop to the city of Adelaide and are part of the South Mount Lofty Ranges.
135 Aden (pop. 318,000) is the second largest city of Yemen.
136 Adenauer, Konrad (1876-1967), served as chancellor of the West German Republic from its formation in
1949 until he retired in 1963.
137 Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are a mass of glandlike tissue normally present in the
upper part of the throat, directly behind the nasal passages.
138 Adhesion is the property of two unlike substances that causes them to stick together.
139 Adhesion, in the body, is a name for new tissue that sometimes binds together internal and normally
separate organs of the body.
140 Adhesive is a substance that bonds surfaces together.
141 Adi Granth, meaning Original Scripture, is the holy book of the Sikhs.
142 Adirondack Mountains are a group of mountains that cover about 30,000 square kilometres in
northeastern New York state.
143 Adityavarman (?-1375?), was the first king of Melayu in central Sumatra in what is now Indonesia.
144 Adjective is a part of speech that describes, qualifies, or places limits on a noun or pronoun.
145 Adjutant is the name of two species of large birds in the stork family.
146 Adler, Alfred (1870-1937), an Austrian psychiatrist, developed important theories concerning the
motivation of human behaviour.
147 Adler, Dankmar (1844-1900), was a prominent member of the Chicago School of architecture.
148 Adler, Felix (1851-1933), was an American educator, reformer, and publicist.
149 Adler, Mortimer Jerome (1902-...), is an American critic and educator.
150 Admiral is the highest rank in a navy.
151 Admiralty is a traditional name for a department of a nation's government that directs naval affairs.
152 Admiralty Islands, a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, are part of the nation of Papua New
Guinea.
153 Adobe is the Spanish name for sun-dried bricks, or for a house built with such bricks.
154 Adolescent is a person who is no longer a child but not yet an adult.
155 Adonis was a handsome youth in Greek mythology.
156 Adonis is the name of a group of plants that grow wild in Europe and Asia.
157 Adoption is the process by which people become legal parents of a child who was not born to them and
raise the child as a member of their family.
158 Adrenal gland is a small body organ that secretes many important hormones.
159 Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands.
160 Adrian IV (about 1110-1159) was the only English pope.
161 Adriatic Sea is a gulf, or arm, of the Mediterranean Sea.
162 Adur (pop. 57,400), a coastal area in West Sussex, England, is a local government district.
163 Advent is the season that marks the beginning of the Christian church year.
164 Adventists are members of religious groups that stress the doctrine of the Second Coming.
165 Adverb is a part of speech that adds meaning to a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
166 Advertising is a message designed to promote a product, a service, or an idea.
167 A.E.F., also written AEF, stands for the Allied Expeditionary Forces sent to Continental Europe during
World War II (1939-1945).
168 Aegean civilization consisted of four cultures that flourished on the islands and shores of the Aegean
Sea between 3000 and 1200 B.C. These cultures are called the Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean, and
Trojan cultures.
169 Aegean Sea is a gulf or arm of the Mediterranean Sea.
170 Aegis was the name of the shield made for Jupiter by Vulcan.
171 Aeneas was a Trojan hero in Greek and Roman mythology.
172
Aeneid, the national epic of ancient Rome, is one of the world's greatest poems of heroic adventure.
173 Aeolian harp is an unusual ancient musical instrument.
174 Aeolians were a group of ancient Greeks.
175 Aeolus was the keeper of the winds in Greek mythology.
176
Aerial, also called antenna, is a device that transmits and receives radio, television and radar signals.
177
Aerobics is a system of exercises designed to promote the supply and use of oxygen in the body.
178
Aerodynamics is the study of the forces acting on an object as it moves through air or some other gas.
179 Aeroplane is an engine-driven machine that can fly through the air supported by the flow of air around its
wings.
180 Aeroplane, Model, is a miniature aeroplane.
181 Aerosol is a mixture of extremely small particles and gas.
182
Aerospace medicine is the field of medical science concerned with the effects of flight on human health.
183
Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) was the earliest writer of Greek tragedy whose plays exist in complete form.
184 Aesop's Fables are a collection of stories attributed to a Greek slave named Aesop, who lived in about
600 B.C. Like all fables, each of these brief tales teaches a moral and offers useful advice.
185 Aesthetics is the study of theories that apply to the arts in a broad and fundamental way.
186 Aestivation is a dormant state that occurs in the life of some animals during hot, dry periods.
187 Afan is the former name of a local government district centred on the Welsh steelmaking town of Port
Talbot.
188 Affenpinscher is a shaggy black toy dog.
189 Affidavit, in law, is a written or printed statement of facts sworn to, or affirmed, before a notary public, or
any other person qualified to administer an oath.
190 Afghan hound is a dog known for its speed and agility.
191 Afghanistan is a nation in southwestern Asia.
192 Aflaq, Michel (1910-1989), was an Arab political thinker who founded the socialist Baath Party.
193 Africa is the second largest continent in area and in population.
194 African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in South Africa.
195 African violet, also called Saintpaulia, is a tropical plant with beautiful flowers and heart-shaped, fuzzy
leaves.
196 Afrikaans language is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa.
197 Afrikaner Broederbond is a secret fraternity (brotherhood), that worked to further the interests of
Afrikaans-speaking white people in South Africa.
198 Agamemnon, in Greek mythology, led the Greek army that conquered Troy in the Trojan War.
199
Agana (pop. 1,139), is the capital of the United States island territory of Guam in the Pacific Ocean.
200 Agar-agar is a gelatine-like substance obtained from seaweeds such as Ceylon moss.
201 Agassiz, Louis (1807-1873), was a Swiss-born naturalist who studied many kinds of animals in Europe
and America.
202 Agate is a banded form of chalcedony, a fine-grained, porous type of quartz.
203 Age is a term used for any stage in the life of a person, such as childhood, youth, adulthood, and old
age.
204 Age of Reason was a period in history when philosophers emphasized the use of reason as the best
method of learning truth.
205 Agee, James (1909-1955), was an American writer.
206 Agent is a person who represents someone else in legal, business, or other matters.
207 Agent Orange is the military code name for a weedkiller used by the United States during the Vietnam
War.
208 Ageratum is a popular, low-growing, annual plant of flower gardens.
209 Aggression, in psychology, is hostile behaviour that may hurt or upset other people.
210 Agincourt, Battle of, took place between English and French armies near the village of Agincourt, in
northern France, in 1415.
211 Aging is the process of growing old.
212 Agnon, Shmuel Yosef (1888-1970), was an Israeli novelist and short-story writer.
213 Agnosticism is the belief that ultimate questions, especially those about the existence of God, cannot be
answered.
214 Agouti is a rodent that lives in dense forests from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, and in the
West Indies.
215 Agra (pop. 955,694) is a large city in northern India.
216 Agribusiness is the group of industries involved in producing, transporting, processing, distributing, and
selling farm products.
217 Agricola, Georgius, (1494?-1555), was a German physician and scientist.
218 Agricola, Gnaeus Julius (A.D. 37-93), was an able Roman general.
219 Agriculture is the world's most important industry.
220 Agrimony is the common name for a group of about 18 species of woodland plants that grow in Asia,
Europe, North America, and the Andes Mountains of South America.
221 Agrippa, Marcus (63-12 B.C.), a Roman general, was the military leader and chief adviser of Augustus,
the first emperor of Rome (see AUGUSTUS).
222 Agrippina the Younger (A.D. 15-59) was one of the most powerful women in ancient Rome.
223 Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops and the soils in which
they grow.
224 Aguinaldo, Emilio (1869-1964), was an important leader in the Filipino struggle against Spanish colonial
rule from 1897 to 1901.
225 Agung, Sultan (?-1646), was the greatest ruler of Mataram, a kingdom in Central Java in what is now
Indonesia.
226 Ahab was the seventh king of Israel.
227 Ahern, Bertie (1951-...), became taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland following general elections in
1997.
228 Ahmadabad (pop. 2,954,526; met. area pop. 3,297,655) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat,
western India.
229 Aidit, D. N. (1923-1965), led the Indonesian Communist Party from 1951 to 1965.
230 AIDS is the final, life-threatening stage of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
231 Aiken, George David (1892-1984), an American Republican politician, served in the United States
Senate from 1941 to 1975.
232 Ailanthus is a hardy tree that thrives in cities and places where other trees fail to grow.
233 Ailsa Craig is a rocky islet 16 kilometres off the coast of the Southern Uplands region of Scotland, south
of the Isle of Arran.
234 Ainsworth, W. Harrison (1805-1882), was a popular British novelist.
235 Ainu are a group of people who may have been the first inhabitants of Japan.
236 Air is the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth.
237 Air bag is an inflatable car safety device that helps protect a driver or front-seat passenger in a head-on
or front-angle collision.
238 Air cleaner is a device that removes contaminants (impurities) from a stream of gas or air.
239 Air compressor is any device used to compress air.
240 Air conditioning controls the temperature, moisture, cleanliness, and movement of indoor air.
241 Air force is the branch of a nation's armed forces responsible for military operations in the air.
242 Air lock is a device that permits people or materials to pass in or out of a structure called a pneumatic
caisson.
243 Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air.
244 Air rights are the rights to use the space above a piece of land.
245 Airborne troops are soldiers trained for assault by air.
246 Airbrush is a tool used by photographers and commercial artists to apply colour or shading to drawings,
prints, and photographs.
247 Aircraft carrier is a ship used as a mobile base for aeroplanes.
248 Airedale terrier is the name of a breed of large terriers.
249 Airlangga (990?-1049), also spelled Erlangga, was the best-known ruler of the kingdom of Kediri, in East
Java, in what is now Indonesia.
250 Airline is an organization that operates aircraft to carry passengers and cargo through the air.
251 Airmail is the fastest way to send letters and packages.
252 Airport is a place where aeroplanes and other aircraft land and take off.
253 Airship is a lighter-than-air aircraft.
254 Aisne River is a stream in northeastern France.
255 Aitken, John (1839-1919), a Scottish meteorologist, discovered that water vapour in the atmosphere will
not condense to form clouds unless dust is present.
256 Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of, met in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany, in 1818.
257 Ajax the Greater, the son of King Telamon in Greek mythology, was one of the bravest Greek heroes
who fought in the Trojan War.
258 Ajax the Lesser, the son of King Oileus in Greek mythology, was a Greek warrior who fought in the
Trojan War.
259 Akaroa is a tourist resort and fishing centre on Banks Peninsula on the eastern coast of the South Island
of New Zealand.
260 Akbar (1542-1605), was the third and greatest of the Mughal emperors of India.
261 Akhenaton, also called Ikhnaton, ruled ancient Egypt as pharaoh from about 1367 to 1350 B.C. He was married to Queen Nefertiti.
262 Akihito, (1933-...), became emperor of Japan in 1989 upon the death of his father, Hirohito (see
HIROHITO).
263 Akita is a breed of dog that originated in northern Japan.
264 Akiva ben Joseph (A.D. 50?-135), was a rabbi who profoundly influenced the development of Jewish
law.
265 Akron (pop. 223,019) is a major centre of the rubber industry in the United States.
266 Aksum, also spelled Axum, was a powerful ancient kingdom in East Africa.
267 Alabama is a state in the Southeastern United States.
268 Alabaster is the name of two minerals of different chemical composition.
269 Aladdin, a poor Chinese boy, is the hero of a tale in the Arabian Nights.
270 Alamo is a historic structure that stands in the centre of San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. A famous battle was
fought there in March 1836, during the war for Texan independence.
271 Alanbrooke, Lord (1883-1963), was one of Great Britain's military leaders during World War II (1939-
1945).
272 Alarcon, Pedro Antonio de (1833-1891), was a Spanish author.
273 Alaric (A.D. 370?-410) was a king of the Visigoths.
274 Alaska is the northernmost state in the United States.
275 Alaska Highway is a 2,248-kilometre road that runs between Dawson Creek, British Columbia, in
Canada, and Delta Junction, Alaska, in the United States.
276
Alaskan malamute is a strong, rugged, heavily coated sledge dog that came originally from Alaska.
277 Ala-ud-din Khalji, also known as Juna Khan, was ruler of northern India from 1296 to 1316.
278 Al-Azhar University is one of the oldest universities in the world.
279 Alban, Saint (?-209), is commemorated as the first martyr in Britain.
280 Albania is a small, mountainous nation in the Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe.
281 Albany (pop. 13,559) is a town and port in the southwest of Western Australia.
282 Albany (pop. 101,082) is the capital of New York state in the United States.
283 Al Basrah, also called Basra (pop. 678,000), is one of Iraq's largest cities and a chief port.
284 Albatross is the name for any one of several kinds of large sea birds.
285 Albee, Edward (1928-...), is an American playwright who uses a wide variety of styles ranging from realism to fantasy.
286 Albeniz, Isaac (1860-1909), a Spanish composer and pianist, was one of the creators of a national style
for Spanish music.
287 Albers, Josef (1888-1976), was a German-born painter and teacher.
288 Albert I (1875-1934), king of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934, was a heroic military leader in World War I
(1914-1918).
289 Albert II (1934-...) became king of Belgium in 1993, on the death of his brother Baudouin.
290 Albert, Prince (1819-1861), married his first cousin, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, in 1840.
291 Alberta (pop. 2,545,553) is a province in western Canada and one of the greatest oil-producing regions
in North America.
292 Alberti, Leon Battista (1404-1472), was an Italian Renaissance architect, painter, and author.
293 Albertus Magnus, Saint (1206?-1280), was a German-born Christian theologian, philosopher, and
scientist.
294 Albigenses were a group of people named after Albi, a city in southern France.
295 Albino is an animal or plant that is unable to produce pigment (colouring substance) in some or all of its
organs.
296 Albion is an ancient name for Britain or England.
297 Albright, Ivan (1897-1983), was an American painter with a style and method unlike those of other artists
of his time.
298 Albumin, also spelled albumen, is a sticky, gelatinous (jelly-like) substance.
299 Albuquerque (pop. 384,736; met. area pop. 480,577) is the largest city in New Mexico, a state in the
U.S.A. It serves as an industrial, trade, and transportation centre of the Southwest.
300 Albury-Wodonga (pop. 66,541) is an urban regional growth centre on the Murray River, Australia.
301 Alcatraz was a famous prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A. The name
Alcatraz comes from a Spanish word meaning pelican.
302 Alcazar is the name usually given to palaces built by the Moorish rulers in Spanish cities.
303 Alchemy is a blend of pseudoscience, magic, and mystical philosophy.
304 Alcibiades (450?-404 B.C.), was an Athenian general.
305 Alcock and Brown were pioneer British aviators who made the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic
Ocean.
306 Alcohol refers to a class of chemical compounds, all of which consist of chemically bonded atoms of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
307 Alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethyl alcohol.
308 Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) is a worldwide organization of men and women who help each other solve
their common problem of alcoholism.
309
Alcoholism is a disease in which a person has an overwhelming desire to drink alcoholic beverages.
310 Alcott, Louisa May (1832-1888), was an American author who became famous for her novels for
children.
311 Alcuin (735-804), was an English scholar, teacher, and writer.
312 Aldehyde is an important class of organic chemical compounds.
313 Alden, John and Priscilla, were among the Pilgrim Fathers, a group of Puritans, who arrived in America
from England on the Mayflower in 1620 (see PILGRIM FATHERS).
314 Alder is the name given to about 30 types of shrubs and small trees found in northern temperate regions
of the world.
315 Aldington, Richard (1892-1962), a British novelist and poet, was a prominent member of the imagist
movement, which flourished between 1910 and 1918.
316 Aldiss, Brian W. (1925-...), is a British science fiction writer and critic.
317
Aldridge, Ira (1807?-1867), was the first black American actor to gain prominence in the Western world.
318 Aldrin, Edwin Eugene, Jr. (1930-...), a United States astronaut, was the second person to set foot on the
moon.
319 Aleatory music is a type of music in which the composer provides only a general outline of the
composition.
320 Aleixandre, Vicente (1898-1984), a Spanish poet, won the 1977 Nobel Prize for literature.
321 Aleman Valdes, Miguel (1902-1983), served as president of Mexico from 1946 to 1952.
322 Aleppo (pop. 961,000) is the second largest city in Syria.
323 Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands that extend over 1,400 kilometres westward from the tip
of the Alaska Peninsula.
324 Aleuts are people who have traditionally lived on the harsh, windswept Aleutian Islands, which lie off the
mainland of Alaska.
325 Alewife is a member of the herring family.
326 Alexander I (1777-1825), was czar of Russia from 1801 to 1825.
327 Alexander I (1888-1934) became king of Yugoslavia in 1921.
328 Alexander II (1818-1881) was czar of Russia from 1855 to 1881.
329 Alexander III (1105-1181), was elected pope in 1159.
330 Alexander III (1845-1894), was czar of Russia from 1881 to 1894.
331 Alexander VI (1431-1503), was the most worldly of the Renaissance popes.
332 Alexander, C. H. O'D. (1909-1974), was an Irish international chess master.
333 Alexander of Tunis, Earl (1891-1969), was a British military leader and statesman and the last Britishborn
governor general of Canada.
334 Alexander technique is a system of instruction that aims to improve posture and physical movement in
everyday life.
335
Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.), was king of Macedonia and one of the greatest generals in history.
336 Alexander Turnbull Library is a research library in Wellington, on the North Island of New Zealand.
337 Alexandria (pop. 2,917,327) is the chief port and second largest city of Egypt.
338 Alexandrian Library was the largest and most famous of the ancient collections of scrolls.
339 Alexandrite is a rare gem that has a high lustre.
340 Alfalfa is a valuable crop grown mainly for livestock feed.
341 Alfieri, Vittorio (1749-1803), was an Italian playwright and poet.
342
Alfonso XIII (1886-1941), served as king of Spain from 1902 until 1931, when Spain became a republic.
343 Alfred the Great (849-899), was king of the West Saxons in England.
344 Alfven, Hannes Olof Gosta (1908-1995), a Swedish physicist, won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1970
for his research in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and plasma physics.
345 Algae are simple organisms that live in oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, and moist soil.
346 Algebra is one of the chief branches of mathematics.
347 Alger, Horatio (1832-1899), was an American author of novels for boys.
348 Algeria is a large country that lies in northern Africa.
349 Algiers (pop. 1,721,607) is the capital and largest city of Algeria.
350 Algol, also called Beta Persei, is the second brightest star in the constellation Perseus.
351
Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a limited number of steps.
352 Algren, Nelson (1909-1981), an American author, became known for fiction describing the brutal life of
the Chicago slums of the 1930's and 1940's.
353 Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada, Spain, built by the Moors between 1248 and 1354.
354 Ali, Muhammad (1942-...), became the first heavyweight boxing champion to win the world title four
times.
355 Ali ibn Abi Talib (598-661), a cousin of the Prophet Muhammad, became a central figure of Shiite Islam
(see ISLAM).
356 Alice Springs (pop. 25,586) is a town in the Northern Territory, Australia.
357 Alien, in law, means a person who is not a citizen of the country in which he or she lives.
358 Alienation is the feeling of being isolated from certain aspects of one's environment.
359 Alimentary canal is a long tube through which food is taken into the body and digested.
360 Aljunied Syed Omar bin Ali (1792-1852), a highly respected Arab businessman and landowner, became
a leader of the Muslim community in Singapore.
361 Alkali, in chemistry, refers to six chemical elements that are known as the alkali metals: lithium, sodium,
potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium.
362 Alkaloid is any of a group of organic bases found in plants.
363 Alkalosis is a condition in which the body accumulates an excess of alkali, or loses more than the usual
amount of acid.
364 All Blacks are New Zealand's national Rugby Union team.
365 All Saints' Day is a Christian holy day observed by Western Christians on November 1 and by Eastern
Christians on the first Sunday of Pentecost (see PENTECOST).
366 Allah is the Arabic name for the Supreme Being of the religion of Islam.
367 Allahabad (pop. 806,486) is a major city in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India.
368 Allegheny Mountains form part of the Appalachian Mountain system of the United States.
369 Allegory is a story with more than one meaning.
370 Allen, Barbara, is the central character in an old British ballad.
371
Allen, Fred (1894-1956), was a noted American radio, stage, television, and motion-picture comedian.
372 Allen, Hervey (1889-1949), was an American author best known for his historical romance Anthony
Adverse (1933).
373 Allen, William Cardinal (1532-1594), a prominent English clergyman, defended Roman Catholic beliefs
after the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558.
374 Allen, Woody (1935-...), is an American actor, film director, author, and comedian.
375 Allenby, Lord (1861-1936), was a British military leader.
376 Allende Gossens, Salvador (1908-1973), served as president of Chile from 1970 to 1973, when military
leaders overthrew his government.
377 Allerdale (pop. 96,300) is a local government district in western Cumbria, England.
378 Allergy is a body reaction that occurs in persons who are sensitive to certain substances.
379 Alley, Rewi (1897-1987), a New Zealand poet, became famous for his work in industrial cooperatives in
China.
380 Alleyn, Edward (1566-1626), was an actor in the Elizabethan period.
381 Alliance joins two or more countries in a defence against a common threat or enemy.
382 Alligator is the name of two kinds of reptiles related to crocodiles.
383 Alliteration occurs when the same sound starts succeeding accented syllables.
384 Allopathy is a method in medical practice that tries to cure a disease by producing effects on the body
that differ from the effects of the disease.
385 Allosaurus was a large, meat-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago.
386 Allotment, in England and Wales, is a plot of cultivated land not larger than 2.02 hectares.
387 Allotropy, in chemistry, is the ability of an element to exist in more than one form.
388 Alloy is a material made up of a metal and at least one other element.
389 Allport, Gordon W. (1897-1967), was an American psychologist known for his research in human
personality.
390
Allspice is a spice with a flavour similar to that of a combination of cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg.
391 Alluvial fan is a deposit of stratified silts, sands, gravels, and other materials.
392 Alluvium is soil, sand, gravel, clay, silt, or other material deposited by running water.
393
Almanac is a book or pamphlet, usually published once a year, that contains many kinds of information.
394 Almaty (pop. 1,147,000), also spelled Alma-Ata, was the capital of Kazakstan until 1997, when the
capital was moved to Aqmola.
395 Almond is a nut.
396 Almshouses are homes provided by private benefactors for the aged poor.
397 Alnwick (pop. 30,000) is a local government district in Northumberland, England, centred on the historic
town of Alnwick.
398 Aloe, is the name of a group of over 200 fleshy-leaved plants native to the Middle East, Madagascar,
and southern Africa.
399 Alpaca is a grazing animal of South America that is related to the camel.
400 Alpenhorn, also called alphorn, is a long tube-shaped instrument used chiefly by herders in mountain
regions.
401 Alpha and Omega is an expression used to give the idea of completeness, or "the beginning and the
end." The two words are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet.
402 Alpha Centauri is a multiple star system in the constellation Centaurus.
403 Alpha particle is a positively charged, high-energy particle given off by the nucleus of a radioactive atom
when it undergoes a nuclear transformation.
404 Alphabet is the series of letters used in writing a language.
405
Alphonsus Liguori, Saint (1696-1787), an Italian religious teacher, founded in 1732 the Congregation of
the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorist Order) for religious work among poor people in rural areas.
406 Alps are the largest mountain system in Europe.
407 Alsace-Lorraine is a region in northeastern France, on the French-German border.
408 Alston, Richard (1948-...), is a British choreographer.
409 Altai Mountains form a lofty range that runs northwest across the borders of western Mongolia and
Kazakhstan.
410 Altar is a raised place or object that serves as the central point of religious worship.
411 Alternation of generations is a term that describes the life cycle of most plants and some algae.
412 Altimeter is a sensitive instrument that indicates altitude.
413 Altitude is the height of an object above the earth's surface, sea level, or some other given level.
414 Altitude sickness is an illness experienced at high altitudes by people who are accustomed to living at
much lower altitudes.
415 Alum is the name of a particular group of double salts.
416 Alumina, also called aluminium oxide, is a compound composed of aluminium and oxygen.
417 Aluminium, also spelled aluminum, is a lightweight, silver-coloured metal that can be formed into almost
any shape.
418 Alva, Duke of (1508?-1582?), also called the Duke of Alba, was a Spanish general and diplomat who
served kings Charles I and Philip II of Spain.
419 Alvarado, Pedro de (1485?-1541), helped Hernando Cortes subdue the Aztec in Mexico and conquered
Guatemala himself.
420 Alvarez, Luis Walter (1911-1988), an American physicist, won the Nobel Prize in 1968 for his
contributions to the study of subatomic particles (particles that make up atoms).
421 Alyn and Deeside was a local government district in the old Welsh county of Clwyd.
422
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that causes increasing loss of memory and other mental abilities.
423 Amadis of Gaul is a famous Spanish romance of chivalry.
424 Amado, Jorge (1912-...), is a Brazilian novelist.
425 Amalfi (pop. 6,052), a picturesque Italian town on a headland, overlooks the Gulf of Salerno.
426 Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with some other metal.
427 Amanites are members of a religious group called the Amana Church Society.
428 Amaranth is the common name of a genus (group) of plants that includes weeds, garden flowers, and
crops.
429 Amaryllis is a family of more than 1,200 species of flowers.
430
Amati family was a family of violin makers who worked in Cremona, Italy, from the 1500's to the 1700's.
431 Amazon rainforest is the world's largest tropical rainforest.
432 Amazon River is the world's second longest river and the chief river of South America.
433 Amazons were a race of warlike women in Greek mythology.
434
Ambassador is the personal representative of a country's head of state at the capital of another country.
435 Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1891-1956), was an Indian social reformer and the most important leader of
the caste (hereditary class) called the Untouchables (see CASTE).
436 Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown fossilized resin.
437 Amber Valley (pop. 109,700) is a local government district in central Derbyshire, England.
438 Ambergris is a waxy substance found in the intestines of some sperm whales.
439 Amberjack is a large, fast-swimming game fish found in warm and tropical oceans.
440 Ambivalence is a psychiatric term for contradictory feelings or thoughts about one's self, another person,
or a situation.
441 Ambler, Eric (1909-...), an English author, won fame for his well-constructed novels of intrigue and
international adventure.
442
Ambrose, Saint (340?-397), was a bishop of Milan and one of the most influential persons of his time.
443 Ambrosia was a magical substance eaten by the gods of Greek and Roman mythology.
444 Ambulance is a vehicle designed to transport sick or injured people.
445 America is the great land mass of the Western Hemisphere.
446
American Civil War (1861-1865), was a conflict between two parts of the United States of America.
447 American literature cannot be captured in a simple definition.
448 American Revolution (1775-1783), led to the birth of a new nation--the United States.
449 American Samoa is a United States territory, about 3,700 kilometres southwest of Hawaii.
450 American Staffordshire terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the United States.
451 American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), is a code that computers use to process
letters, numbers, and other character data.
452 American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) is one of the world's largest informationprocessing
companies.
453 American water spaniel is a gun dog that was developed in the United States.
454 America's Cup is the world's most famous yachting competition and the oldest trophy in international
sports.
455 Americium is an artificially created radioactive element.
456 Amery is the family name of two Conservative politicians, a father and son.
457 Amethyst is a gemstone of a purple or bluish-violet colour.
458 Amiens (pop. 136,234; met. area pop. 156,120), is a city in northern France.
459 Amin Dada, Idi (1925?-...), was the ruler of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.
460 Amine is the name of a group of weak organic bases that are similar to ammonia in structure.
461 Amino acid is the name for the organic compounds that make up all the proteins in living things.
462 Aminuddin Baki (1926-1965), was the first Malayan citizen to become chief education adviser.
463 Amis, Kingsley (1922-1995), was an English novelist best known for his witty satirical stories about
British society.
464 Amis, Martin (1949-...), is a British novelist and essayist, and son of the author Kingsley Amis.
465 Amish belong to a Protestant group that originated in Switzerland, but is now centred in the United
States and Canada.
466 Amman (pop. 900,000) is the capital and largest city of Jordan.
467 Ammeter is an instrument that measures the electric current in a circuit in units called amperes.
468 Ammonia is a colourless alkaline gas made up of one part nitrogen and three parts hydrogen.
469 Ammunition is any object fired or launched from a gun or some other weapon.
470 Amnesia is a partial or, in rare cases, a complete loss of memory.
471 Amnesty is forgiveness by a government for crimes against it.
472 Amnesty International is an independent, worldwide human-rights organization.
473 Amniocentesis is a medical procedure sometimes performed during pregnancy to help determine the
health and maturity of an unborn baby.
474 Amoeba is a tiny, one-celled organism that usually can only be seen under a microscope.
475 Amon became the most important god in ancient Egyptian mythology.
476 Amorsolo, Fernando (1892-1972), was one of the greatest Filipino artists.
477 Amos, Book of, is a book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible, named for an Israelite prophet.
478 Ampere is the unit used to measure the rate of flow of an electric current.
479 Ampere, Andre Marie (1775-1836), a French mathematician and physicist, discovered the laws of
electromagnetism in the 1820's.
480 Amphetamine is any one of a group of synthetic drugs that stimulate the brain, increasing the user's
alertness and readiness for action.
481 Amphibian is an animal with scaleless skin that--with a few exceptions--lives part of its life in water and
part on land.
482 Amphibious ship is a warship that lands troops, weapons, and vehicles on beaches during amphibious
assaults.
483 Amphibious warfare, is the conduct of military operations by naval, air, and land forces for the purpose of
seizing a beach or coastal area.
484 Amphibole is any of a group of common rock-forming minerals.
485 Amphioxus, also called lancelet, is a small sea animal that lives in shallow water.
486 Amputation refers to the surgical removal of a limb, part of a limb, or another part of the body.
487 Amr ibn al-As (?-663), was the Arab conqueror of Egypt during the first rapid phase of the expansion of
Islam.
488 Amritsar (pop. 709,456) is a city in Punjab, a state in northern India.
489
Amsterdam (pop. 724,096; met. area pop. 1,100,120) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands.
490 Amulet is a charm that supposedly has magic power.
491
Amundsen, Roald (1872-1928), a Norwegian explorer, led the first expedition to reach the South Pole.
492 Amur River is a stream in eastern Siberia, formed by the joining of the Argun and Shilka rivers.
493
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called ALS, is a rare, incurable disease of the nervous system.
494
Anabaptists were one form of what has been called the radical wing of the Reformation of the 1500's.
495
Anableps, also called four-eyed fish, is a small fish of tropical America that swims at the top of the water.
496 Anaconda is the name of two kinds of large snakes found in tropical South America.
497 Anacreon (572?-487 B.C.), a Greek lyric poet, made wine and love his main themes.
498 Anaemia is a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells falls below normal.
499 Anaesthesia is the loss of sensation--particularly that of pain--in all or part of the body.
500 Anaesthetics is a branch of medicine that deals with the administration of drugs for the relief of pain and
anxiety during surgery and childbirth.
501 Anaheim (pop. 219,494) is a city in Orange County, California, in the United States.
502 Analgesic is any drug that relieves pain without causing unconsciousness.
503 Analog computer is a device that solves problems by working directly with a physical quantity, such as
weight, voltage, or speed, rather than with digits that represent the quantity.
504 Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the development and use of techniques for
chemical measurement.
505 Anand, Mulk Raj (1905-...), is an Indian novelist, critic, and art historian.
506 Ananias was a member of the early church at Jerusalem.
507 Anaphylactic shock, also called anaphylaxis, is a rare, life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the
whole body.
508 Anarchism is a belief that every form of regulation or government is immoral, and that restraint of one
person by another is an evil which must be destroyed.
509 Anatolian shepherd is a dog which descended from the ancient mastiff dogs of Asia Minor.
510 Anatomy is the study of the structure of plants, animals, and human beings.
511 Anaxagoras (500?-428 B.C.), was an early Greek philosopher.
512 Anaximander (611?-547? B.C.), was a Greek philosopher.
513 Anaximenes was a Greek philosopher who lived in the 500's B.C. Like other early philosophers, he
believed that there is a single substance underlying all things.
514 Ancestor worship is a family's reverence for the wisdom and leadership of its dead members.
515 Anchor is a heavy weight that is used to hold a ship or boat in place.
516 Anchorage (pop. 226,338) is the largest city and main centre of transportation in the state of Alaska in
the United States.
517 Anchovy is a popular food fish related to the herring.
518 Ancient civilization refers to civilizations that flourished long ago.
519 Ancient lights in the United Kingdom, is the right of access of light to a building.
520 Andalusia, also spelled Andalucia, is a mountain and plains region of southern Spain.
521 Andaman and Nicobar Islands (pop. 277,987) are two island groups in the eastern Bay of Bengal.
522 Andamooka is an opal-mining settlement in central South Australia, about 130 kilometres from
Woomera.
523 Andersen, Hans Christian (1805-1875), was Denmark's most famous author.
524 Anderson, Carl David (1905-1991), was an American physicist who discovered two subatomic particles--
the positron and the muon.
525 Anderson, Clinton Presba (1895-1975), a Democratic politician, served in the U.S. Senate from 1949 to
1973.
526 Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett (1836-1917), was a British pioneer woman doctor.
527 Anderson, John (1893-1962), was Challis professor of philosophy at Sydney University, in Australia,
from 1927 to 1958.
528 Anderson, Dame Judith (1898-1992), was considered one of the finest actresses on the Englishspeaking
stage.
529 Anderson, Marian (1897-1993), was a black American contralto.
530 Anderson, Maxwell (1888-1959), an American playwright, brought seriousness and idealism to the
theatre.
531 Anderson, Sherwood (1876-1941), was an American short-story writer and novelist.
532 Andes Mountains are the world's longest chain of mountains above sea level.
533 Andhra Pradesh is a large state in southeastern India.
534 Andorra is one of the smallest countries in the world.
535 Andrada e Silva, Jose Bonifacio de (1763-1838), was a Brazilian scientist and statesman known as the
"architect of Brazilian independence." In 1822, he guided Brazil out of the Portuguese empire, and
served the new emperor, Dom Pedro I. He fell from
536
Andre, John (1751-1780), a British officer, was hanged as a spy by the American Revolutionary Army.
537 Andree, Salomon August (1854-1897), was a Swedish explorer and engineer.
538 Andreotti, Giulio (1919-...) was prime minister of Italy seven times between 1972 and 1992.
539 Andretti, Mario (1940-...), became one of America's finest motor racing drivers.
540 Andrew, Prince (1960-...) is the second son of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
541 Andrew, Saint, was the first of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
542 Andrews, Charles McLean (1863-1943), an American historian, received a Pulitzer Prize in 1935 for the
first volume of his four-volume set, The Colonial Period of American History (1934-1938).
543 Andrews, David (1935-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, was a minister in the Republic of Ireland in the
1970's and the early 1990's.
544 Andrews, Frank Maxwell (1884-1943), an American Army officer, was one of the first advocates of
airpower.
545 Andrews, John Miller (1871-1956), was prime minister of Northern Ireland from 1940 to 1943.
546 Andrews, Roy Chapman (1884-1960), was well known as an author and explorer, and as a leader of
expeditions for the American Museum of Natural History.
547 Andreyev, Leonid (1871-1919), was a Russian prose writer and dramatist.
548 Andric, Ivo (1892-1975), a Yugoslav writer, won the 1961 Nobel Prize for literature.
549
Androcles, also called Androclus, was a Roman slave who ran away from his master and hid in a cave.
550 Andromeda is a constellation (group of stars) of the Northern Celestial Hemisphere.
551
Andromeda, in Greek mythology, was the daughter of Cassiopeia and Cepheus, rulers of Ethiopia.
552 Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich (1914-1984), served as general secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union from November 1982 until his death in February 1984.
553 Andros, Sir Edmund (1637-1714), was an English soldier and administrator.
554 Anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed.
555
Anemone is any of more than 150 species of spring flowers that grow in woodlands and open country.
556 Aneurysm is a balloonlike bulge that forms in a weakened area of the wall of an artery or vein.
557 Angas, George Fife (1789-1879), was a philanthropist and one of the founders of South Australia.
558 Angel, according to many religions, is a spiritual being created by God.
559 Angel Falls is the highest waterfall in the world.
560 Angeles (pop. 236,685) is a city in the Philippines.
561 Angelfish is the name of a type of fish that has a thin, oval body and long, pointed fins.
562 Angell, Sir Norman (1874-1967), a British publicist and economist, worked for cooperation among
nations.
563
Angelou, Maya (1928-...), is an American author, poet, playwright, editor, actress, director, and teacher.
564 Angelus is a Roman Catholic prayer.
565 Angina pectoris is a chest pain that occurs if the heart does not receive enough oxygen.
566 Angiography is a technique that makes blood vessels visible using X rays.
567 Angioplasty is a technique of opening arteries that have become blocked by deposits of cholesterol,
calcium, and other substances.
568 Angiosperm is the name given to flowering plants.
569 Angkor was an early civilization that flourished in northwestern Cambodia from the early 800's to the
1400's.
570 Angle, in plane geometry, is a figure formed by two rays with the same end point.
571
Angles made up one of the three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain during the A.D. 400's and 500's.
572 Anglesey (pop. 67,800) is the largest island in England and Wales.
573 Anglicans are Christians who belong to churches that are part of the Anglican Communion.
574 Anglo-Boer Wars were two wars fought in South Africa between the United Kingdom (UK) and the
Boers, people mainly of Dutch descent (see BOERS).
575 Anglo-Catholic is a term used of a section of the Church of England.
576 Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed in November 1985 by the United Kingdom and the Republic of
Ireland.
577 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the first great work of English prose and the most important source of English
history from about 800 to 1066.
578 Anglo-Saxons were members of the Germanic tribes that settled in what is now England in the A.D.
400's and 500's.
579 Anglo-Zulu War took place in South Africa in 1879.
580 Angola is a country on the southwest coast of Africa.
581 Angophoras are Australian trees that are closely related to eucalypts.
582 Angora is a hair fibre made from the fur of the Angora rabbit.
583 Angstrom is a unit of length used to measure very small distances.
584 Angstrom, Anders Jonas (1817-1874), a Swedish physicist and astronomer, was one of the founders of
the science of spectroscopy.
585 Anguilla is an island dependency of the United Kingdom located in the West Indies.
586 Angus (pop. 111,020) is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
587 Anhinga is a large bird that lives in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, New Guinea, and
Australia and in warm regions of the Western Hemisphere.
588 Anhydride is a chemical substance that forms acids or bases when combined with water.
589 Anhydrous ammonia is the liquid form of pure ammonia gas.
590 Ani is the name of three species of birds in the cuckoo family.
591 Aniline is a chemical best known for its use in making dyes.
592 Animal. Animals come in many shapes and sizes.
593 Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research, including medical research.
594 Animal husbandry is the science of producing livestock.
595 Animal rights movement is a term that refers to organized efforts opposing the use of animals for
research, food, and clothing.
596 Animal worship is the practice of worshipping or honouring animals.
597 Animation is a film technique in which filmmakers create the illusion of motion, rather than recording it
with a camera as live action.
598 Animism is a term for any religion in which souls of dead people or spirits of nature play an important
role.
599 Anise is an annual herb related to caraway and dill.
600 Ankara (pop. 2,559,500) is the capital of Turkey.
601 Ankle is the joint where the leg and the foot meet.
602 Ankylosaurus was a large, armoured dinosaur that lived between 68 million years and 65 million years
ago in what is now western North America.
603 Annandale and Eskdale was a Scottish local government district in Dumfries and Galloway.
604 Annapolis (pop. 33,187) is the capital of Maryland, a state in the United States.
605 Annapurna I, the eleventh highest peak in the world, rises 8,078 metres in the Himalaya.
606 Anne was the name of several queens.
607 Anne (1665-1714) was the first queen of Britain, which was formed when the Kingdom of Scotland
united with the Kingdom of England and Wales in 1707.
608 Anne, Saint, is traditionally regarded as the wife of Joachim and mother of the Virgin Mary.
609 Annealing is a process of heating metals, glass, or other materials and then cooling them.
610 Annual is a plant that grows, blossoms, produces seed, and dies within one growing season.
611 Annuity is a sum of money paid out at regular times, usually yearly.
612 Annulment is the declaration that a marriage never really existed, or was void from the beginning.
613
Annunciation is the announcement, according to Luke (1:26-38), which the angel Gabriel made to Mary.
614 Anodizing is a type of electrolysis used to place a protective oxide coating on metal.
615
Anointing of the sick is a sacrament of the Roman Catholic Church and of Eastern Orthodox churches.
616 Anorexia nervosa is an emotional illness in which a person refuses to eat.
617 Anouilh, Jean (1910-1987), was a popular and productive French playwright known for his polished
dramas.
618 Anoxia is the lack of a normal supply of oxygen to body tissues, or the inability of the tissues to use the
oxygen.
619 Anselm, Saint (1033-1109), was an influential medieval theologian and church leader.
620 Ansermet, Ernest (1883-1969), a Swiss conductor, became known internationally as the founder and
conductor of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande of Geneva.
621 Ansett, Sir Reginald (1909-1981), pioneered commercial air transport in Australia.
622 Anstey, Thomas (1778-1851), was one of the magistrates appointed by Governor Arthur to bring law and
order to Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania, Australia).
623 Ant is an insect that lives in organized communities.
624 Ant lion is an insect larva (immature form) that digs a pit in the soil to trap ants and other small insects
for its food.
625 Antabuse is the widely used trade name of a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism.
626 Antananarivo (pop. 662,585) is the capital and largest city of Madagascar, which includes the island of
Madagascar and small nearby islands.
627 Antarctic Circle is an imaginary line that forms the northern boundary of Antarctica.
628
Antarctic Ocean is the name which is sometimes given to the waters surrounding the Antarctic continent.
629 Antarctica is the ice-buried continent that covers and surrounds the South Pole.
630 Antares, also called Alpha Scorpii, is the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius.
631 Antbird is the name of a perching bird which resembles shrikes and thrushes.
632 Anteater is the name of a group of mammals that feed mostly on ants and termites.
633 Antecedent is a word or group of words to which a pronoun refers in a sentence.
634 Antelope is the name of a large group of animals that have hoofs and hollow horns.
635 Antennae are long, delicate sensory organs on the heads of almost all insects and most other
arthropods (see ARTHROPOD).
636 Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820-1906), was an American reformer and one of the first leaders of the
campaign for women's rights.
637 Anthony of Padua, Saint (1195-1231), was a Christian religious leader and a popular preacher of his
time.
638 Anthony of Thebes, Saint (250?-356), was the founder of Christian monasticism.
639 Anthrax is a severe infectious disease of farm animals which can also afflict human beings.
640 Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity and of human culture.
641 Antiaircraft defence protects cities, military installations, ships, troops, and other targets from attack by
enemy aircraft or missiles.
642 Antibiotic is a drug produced by certain microorganisms.
643 Antichrist is a power or person opposed to Jesus Christ.
644 Anticoagulant is a chemical substance used to prevent the normal coagulation (clotting) of blood.
645 Antidote is a substance that fights the harmful action of a poison in the body.
646 Antifreeze is a substance that is added to a liquid to lower its freezing point.
647 Antigone, in Greek mythology, was the daughter of King Oedipus and Queen Jocasta, the rulers of
Thebes.
648
Antigonid dynasty was the name of a line of kings that ruled Macedonia, a kingdom north of Greece.
649 Antigravity is a hypothetical force of repulsion.
650
Antigua (pop. 15,801), formerly Antigua Guatemala, was the capital of Guatemala in colonial days.
651 Antigua and Barbuda is an independent island country in the Caribbean Sea.
652 Antihistamine is a drug used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.
653 Antill, John (1904-1986), was an Australian composer and music administrator, who won wide
recognition with his orchestral work Corroboree, inspired by the unusual instrumental music and rhythms
of Australian Aboriginal culture.
654 Antimatter is matter composed of elementary particles that are the opposite of ordinary particles.
655 Antimony, a chemical element, is a bluish-white, brittle metal.
656 Antineutron is the oppositely charged counterpart of the neutron.
657 Antioch (pop. 107,821), is a commercial city in Turkey.
658
Antioxidant is any of a group of chemical compounds that may prevent certain types of cell damage.
659 Antipodes are two places that are exactly opposite each other on the globe.
660 Antiproton is the oppositely charged counterpart of the proton.
661 Antique is an object many years old that has artistic value.
662 Anti-Semitism is prejudice against Jews.
663 Antiseptic is a substance that destroys--or stops the growth of--germs on living tissue.
664 Antitoxin is a substance made by living cells that counteracts illness caused by a toxin.
665 Antitrust laws were introduced in the United States to protect competition.
666 Antoninus Pius (A.D. 86-161) was Roman emperor from A.D. 138 until his death.
667 Antonioni, Michelangelo (1912-...), is an Italian film director.
668 Antonius, George (1892-1942), was a Palestinian writer and political activist.
669 Antony, Mark (83?-30 B.C.), a Roman general and statesman, served as co-ruler of Rome from 43 B.C.
until his death.
670 Antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word.
671 Antpipit is the name of two species of pipitlike birds from South America.
672 Antrim (pop. 44,264) is a local government area and new town in Northern Ireland, bordering Lough
Neagh.
673 Antrim, County, is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
674 Antwerp (pop. 462,800) is Belgium's main port and one of Europe's largest.
675 Anubis was an important god of the underworld among the ancient Egyptians.
676
Anza, Juan Bautista de, (1735-1788?), a Spanish frontiersman from Mexico, discovered an overland
route between Sonora and Upper California, U.S.A. He shared in the founding of San Francisco.
677 Anzac, the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, was a combined force of Australian and New
Zealand volunteer soldiers.
678 Anzac Memorial in Sydney was originally built in memory of those men and women from New South
Wales, Australia who served in World War I (1914-1918).
679 Anzio (pop. 27,094) is a small seaport and resort on the west coast of Italy.
680 ANZUS is a collective defence treaty formed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
681 Aorta is the body's longest and largest artery.
682
Apartheid was, from 1948 until 1991, the South African government's policy of rigid racial segregation.
683 Ape is a member of a group of animals that closely resemble human beings.
684 Apelles, a Greek artist, was one of the most famous painters of ancient times.
685 Apennine Tunnel is the train tunnel on the Florence-Bologna line in northern Italy.
686 Apennines is the name of a mountain range that runs from the Gulf of Genoa to the toe of boot-shaped
Italy.
687 Apex is an organization for men between the ages of 18 and 40.
688
Aphasia is the loss or partial loss of the ability to use and understand spoken and written language.
689 Aphid, also called plant louse, is a tiny, soft-bodied insect that feeds on plant juices.
690 Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty in Greek mythology.
691 Apollinaire, Guillaume (1880-1918), a French poet, was one of the leaders in the arts in Paris during the
decade before World War I (1914-1918).
692 Apollo was a major god in Greek and Roman mythology.
693 Aponte Martinez, Luis Cardinal (1922-...), archbishop of San Juan, became the first Puerto Rican
cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
694 Apostle bird is a quick-moving, grey or black bird about 30 centimetres long.
695
Apostles, in the New Testament, are the 12 men chosen by Jesus Christ to be His close companions.
696 Apostles' Creed is a statement of the main Western Christian beliefs.
697 Apothecaries' weight is a system of weights once widely used by pharmacists for prescriptions.
698 Appalachian Mountains are the second largest mountain system of North America.
699 Appeal is the transfer of a legal action to a higher, or superior, court for review.
700 Appendicitis is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix (see APPENDIX).
701 Appendix, in anatomy, is a structure attached to a larger or more important part.
702 Appian Way was the first and most famous military highway built by the ancient Romans.
703 Apple is one of the most commercially important fruits.
704 Apple of Sodom is a spiny plant found near Jericho, Jordan.
705 Appleseed, Johnny (1774-1845), was the name given to John Chapman, an American pioneer who
planted large numbers of apple trees along the early frontier.
706 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor (1892-1965), a British physicist, won the 1947 Nobel Prize for physics for his
discovery of the Appleton layer in the ionosphere.
707 Applique is a decorative process used in sewing and dressmaking.
708 Apposition extends the meaning of a word or phrase next to it.
709 Appraisal is an opinion of value, usually the market value of a piece of property.
710 Apprentice is a person who learns a trade by working under the guidance of a skilled master.
711 Apricot is a golden, peachlike fruit with a stone.
712 April is the fourth month of the year, according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used almost all over
the world today.
713 April Fools' Day is the first day of April.
714 Apuleius, Lucius (A.D. 125?-170?), wrote the only completely preserved novel in ancient Latin,
Metamorphoses or Transformations.
715 Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids.
716 Aquaculture is the controlled raising of marine animals and seaweeds.
717 Aquamarine is a light-blue or bluish-green variety of a gemstone called beryl.
718 Aquarium is a place where people keep fish and other water animals.
719 Aquarius is the eleventh constellation (group of stars) of the zodiac.
720 Aquatint is a method of etching upon copper plates.
721 Aqueduct is an artificial channel through which water is conducted to the place where it is used.
722
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (1225?-1274), was one of the greatest medieval philosophers and theologians.
723 Aquino, Benigno (1932-1983), was a Filipino political leader and an opponent of the former Philippine
president, Ferdinand Marcos.
724 Aquino, Corazon (1933-...), was the first woman president of the Philippines.
725 Arab League is an organization of 21 Middle Eastern and African nations and the Palestine Liberation
Organization (PLO).
726
Arabanoo (?-1789), an Aborigine of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), Australia, was forced by Arthur
Phillip, governor of New South Wales, into joining the first British settlement at Sydney Cove.
727 Arabesque is a term used to describe the lacy surface decoration common in Islamic art.
728 Arabian Desert is a term used to refer to all the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula.
729 Arabian Nights, a collection of about 200 stories, is probably the most famous piece of Arabic literature
in the English-speaking countries of the world.
730 Arabian Peninsula is a vast desert land in southwestern Asia.
731 Arabian Sea, part of the Indian Ocean, lies between the Arabian Peninsula and India.
732 Arabic language is one of the world's most widely used languages.
733 Arabic literature is the literature of people who speak the Arabic language, the official language of 19
Arab nations.
734 Arabic numerals, also called Hindu-Arabic numerals, are the most common symbols used to represent
numbers.
735 Arabs are a large group of people whose native language is Arabic and who share a common history
and culture.
736 Arachne was a skilled weaver in Greek mythology.
737 Arachnid is any member of a class of small, insectlike, land animals.
738 Arafat, Yasir (1929-...), became president of the Palestine National Authority in 1996.
739 Arafura Sea is an expanse of water that separates the northern coast of Australia from the island of New
Guinea and from Nusa Tenggara (the Lesser Sunda Islands).
740 Aral Sea is a large saltwater lake.
741 Aramburu, Pedro Eugenio (1903-1970), was president of Argentina from 1955 to 1958.
742 Aramaic language is a language of the Middle East.
743 Aran Island lies in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Donegal in the Republic of Ireland.
744 Aran Islands are in Galway Bay, about 48 kilometres from Galway in the Republic of Ireland.
745 Aranda are a tribe of Australian Aborigines who live in northern central Australia.
746 Ararat was the country where, according to the Bible, Noah's ark landed after the Deluge.
747
Arawak Indians were the first American people that Christopher Columbus met in the Americas in 1492.
748 Arbitration is the judging of a dispute by one or more impartial people whose decision will be final and
binding.
749 Arbor Day is a day specially set aside for treeplanting.
750 Arboretum is an outdoor laboratory where trees, shrubs, and other woody plants are grown under natural
conditions.
751
Arborvitae is the name of certain evergreen trees native to eastern Asia and parts of North America.
752 Arbuthnot, May Hill (1884-1969), was an American educator, writer, and lecturer who influenced the field
of children's literature.
753 Arbutus is the name given to a number of evergreen plants of the heath family.
754
Arc de Triomphe stands at the head of the wide, tree-lined avenue called Champs Elysees in Paris.
755 Arc light is any lighting device in which a current of electricity produces light by leaping across a gap in
an electric circuit.
756
Arcadia, one of the departments of present-day Greece, was an important region in ancient times.
757 Arch is a curved structure that supports or strengthens a building.
758 Archaeology is the scientific study of the remains of past human cultures.
759 Archaeopteryx is the name of a genus (group) of feathered animals that lived about 140 million years
ago, during the late Jurassic Period.
760
Archbishop is the chief bishop of a religious province in the Roman Catholic Church and other churches.
761 Archer was a family of explorers and pastoralists (farmers) who dominated the pioneering history of
southern and central Queensland, Australia.
762 Archer, Fred (1857-1886), was one of the United Kingdom's most successful jockeys.
763 Archer, John Lee (1791-1852), a civil engineer and architect, planned many of Tasmania's oldest
buildings.
764 Archer, William (1856-1924), was a Scottish-born drama critic and playwright.
765
Archerfish is any of six species of small fish found from India to the Philippines, Indonesia, and Australia.
766 Archery is the sport of shooting with a bow and arrow.
767 Archibald, Jules Francois (1856-1919), contributed greatly to the development of literature and art in
Australia.
768 Archibald Memorial Fountain, at the northern end of Hyde Park in Sydney, was erected in remembrance
of how France and Australia fought together during World War I (1914-1918).
769 Archibald Prize is an art prize worth 10,000 Australian dollars that is awarded each year for portrait
painting.
770 Archimedean screw is a device for raising water.
771 Archimedean solid is any of 13 solid figures with special properties.
772 Archimedes (287?-212 B.C.), a Greek mathematician and inventor, made some basic scientific
discoveries.
773 Archipelago is a Greek word that means chief sea.
774 Archipenko, Alexander (1887-1964), was a pioneer cubist sculptor.
775 Architecture is a term with several meanings, all related to buildings.
776 Archives are collections of historical information.
777 Archon was the most important of the nine chief administrative officials of ancient Athens.
778 Arctic is the region of continuous cold around the North Pole.
779 Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that runs through the northern parts of Canada, Alaska, Russia, and
Scandinavia.
780 Arctic fox is a small fox that lives in the barren, treeless regions surrounding the Arctic Ocean and on
many islands in that sea.
781 Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world.
782 Arctic tern is a sea bird often called the migration champion of the world.
783 Arcturus, also called Alpha Bootes, is the fourth brightest star in the night sky.
784 Arden, Forest of, is a region in Warwickshire and West Midlands, England.
785 Arden, John (1930-...), a British playwright, used as his central theme the opposition between the steady
citizen who lacks imagination and the imaginative person who lives in chaos.
786 Ardennes Mountains and Forest extend from northern France into Belgium and Luxembourg.
787
Ardizzone, Edward (1900-1979), was a British author and illustrator of award-winning books for children.
788
Ards (pop. 64,006) is a local government district centred on the Ards Peninsula, in Northern Ireland.
789
Area, in plane geometry, is the amount of surface contained within the boundaries of a plane figure.
790 Arena was the area used for combat with beasts or between gladiators in an ancient Roman
amphitheatre.
791 Areopagus was the oldest and most respected council of ancient Athens.
792 Arequipa (pop. 591,700), is one of the largest cities of Peru.
793 Ares was the god of war in Greek mythology.
794 Arethusa was a beautiful nymph in Greek mythology.
795 Arfon was a local government district bordering the Menai Strait in Gwynedd, North Wales.
796 Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August (1799-1875), was a Finnish-German astronomer, and professor of
astronomy at Bonn, Germany.
797 Argentina is the second largest country in South America in area and in population.
798 Argentine ants are dark-brown ants about 2 millimetres long.
799 Argon, a chemical element, is a gas that forms 0.94 per cent of the earth's atmosphere.
800 Argonaut is a sea animal of the same class as the octopus and squid.
801 Argonauts, in Greek mythology, were the companions of Jason, a famous hero.
802 Argus was a gigantic monster in Greek mythology.
803 Argyll and Bute (pop. 65,100) is a local government area in western Scotland.
804 Arhus, also spelled Aarhus (pop. 253,761), is the second largest city in Denmark.
805 Ariadne, in Greek mythology, was a daughter of Minos, king of Crete.
806 Arianism was an early Christian theological view taught by Arius, a priest of Alexandria, Egypt.
807 Aries is traditionally known as the first constellation of the zodiac.
808 Ariosto, Ludovico (1474-1533), was a poet of the Italian Renaissance.
809 Arista, Mariano (1802-1855), a Mexican general, was president of Mexico from 1851 to 1853.
810 Aristarchus of Samos was a Greek astronomer who lived in the 200's B.C. He was the first to state that
the earth revolves around the sun.
811 Aristide, Jean-Bertrand (1953-...), is the president of Haiti.
812 Aristides (530?-468? B.C.), called the "Just," was an Athenian statesman and military leader.
813
Aristocracy is a high social class that often used to include the government leaders of a state or nation.
814 Aristophanes (445?-385? B.C.) was the greatest ancient Greek writer of comedy.
815 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist, was one of the greatest and most
influential thinkers in Western culture.
816 Arithmetic gives us the answers to questions such as "How many?" "How much?" "How long?" and
"How far?" It helps us find short, easy ways of solving problems with numbers.
817 Arius (A.D. 256?-336), was a priest of Alexandria, Egypt, who founded an early Christian theological
view called Arianism.
818 Arizona is a state in the Southwestern United States.
819 Arjuna is a hero of the Indian epic poem, the Mahabharata, which tells of the wars between the Pandava
brothers and the Kaurava cousins.
820 Ark usually refers to the vessel that sheltered Noah and his family during the Deluge (great flood)
described in the Bible (Gen. 6).
821
Ark of the Covenant was a sacred wooden chest described in the Bible as representing God's presence.
822 Arkansas is a state in the Southern United States.
823 Arkhangelsk (pop. 419,000) is one of the largest far-northern cities in the world.
824 Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792), was a British inventor and manufacturer.
825 Arlberg Tunnels are two tunnels--one a railway tunnel and the other a motor-traffic tunnel--in western
Austria between the provinces of Vorarlberg and Tyrol.
826 Arlen, Michael (1895-1956), was a British novelist and short-story writer.
827 Arm is the upper limb of a human being.
828 Armadillo is any of several small American mammals with bony plates in their upper body skin.
829 Armageddon is a Greek word taken from the Hebrew Har-Megiddo, which probably means Mount
Megiddo.
830 Armagh (pop. 51,287) is a local government district of Northern Ireland.
831 Armagh, County, is the smallest of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
832 Armature is the coil of wire in which electric current is produced in an electric generator.
833 Armenia is a country in southwestern Asia.
834 Armer, Laura Adams (1874-1963), was an American author of children's books, and a painter of Navajo
Indian life.
835 Armidale (pop. 21,606) is a city in northern New South Wales, Australia.
836 Arminius, Jacobus (1560-1609), was a Dutch theologian.
837 Armitage, Kenneth (1916-...), is an English sculptor who specializes in semiabstract figures made from
bronze.
838 Armour is a covering used primarily for protection in battle.
839 Arms, or coats of arms, are designs which are used to honour and distinguish certain persons or
institutions.
840 Armstrong, Anne Legendre (1927-...), was the first woman to serve as United States ambassador to the
United Kingdom.
841 Armstrong, Duncan (1968-...), an Australian swimmer, won a gold medal at the 1988 Olympic Games for
the men's 200-metre free-style.
842 Armstrong, Henry Jackson, Jr. (1912-1988), is the only boxer to have held three world championship
titles at the same time.
843 Armstrong, John Ward (1915-1987), was Church of Ireland archbishop of Armagh and primate of All
Ireland from 1980 until his retirement in 1986.
844 Armstrong, Louis (1900-1971), an American trumpet player, was the first internationally famous soloist in
jazz.
845
Armstrong, Neil Alden (1930-...), a United States astronaut, was the first person to set foot on the moon.
846 Army is the branch of a nation's armed forces that is trained to fight on land.
847 Arne, Thomas (1710-1778), was an English composer.
848 Arnhem Land lies in the northeastern corner of Australia's Northern Territory.
849 Arnica is the name of about 45 kinds of plants of the Northern Hemisphere that yield a juice used to drive
away the blood that collects in bruises.
850 Arno, Peter (1904-1968), an American cartoonist, drew cartoons for The New Yorker magazine which
most exactly paralleled the tone and smartness associated with the magazine.
851 Arno River rises in the Etruscan section of the Apennine Mountains in northwestern Italy.
852 Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801), was a general of the American Revolution period.
853 Arnold, Eddy (1918-...), an American singer, was one of the most popular performers in country music
from the mid-1940's through the 1960's.
854 Arnold, Henry Harley (1886-1950), developed the small U.S. Army Air Corps into a large, powerful Air
Force.
855 Arnold, Malcolm (1921-...), a British composer, became known for his skill in orchestral writing.
856 Arnold, Matthew (1822-1888), was one of the intellectual leaders of Victorian England.
857 Arnold, Thomas (1795-1842), was an influential British educational reformer and a writer.
858 Arp, Jean (1887-1966), was a French sculptor.
859 Arran is an island in North Ayrshire, Scotland.
860 Arrau, Claudio (1903-1991), a Chilean pianist and teacher, became known for his many concerts and
recordings.
861 Arrhenius, Svante August (1859-1927), was a Swedish chemist and physicist.
862 Arrest is the act of taking a person into the custody of the law and depriving the person of liberty.
863 Arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm.
864
Arrowroot is the common name for several plants that are cultivated in nearly all tropical countries.
865 Arsenic is a semimetallic chemical element.
866 Arson is the crime of intentionally burning a building or other property.
867 Art and the arts. In a broad sense, art is skill in making or doing.
868 Art deco, also called style moderne, was a style of design that became popular during the 1920's and
1930's.
869
Art Gallery of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia, was established by the government in 1875.
870 Art Institute of Chicago is a public museum of art and a cultural and educational centre in the United
States.
871 Art nouveau was a decorative style of design that flourished from the 1890's until about 1910.
872 Artemis was the goddess of childbirth and hunting, and was sometimes identified with the moon goddess
Selene in Greek mythology.
873 Arteriosclerosis is a disease of the arteries.
874 Artery is the name of the tubes or blood vessels through which blood is pumped away from the heart to
the various parts of the body.
875 Artesian well is a well that taps ground water which is under pressure.
876 Arthritis is any of more than 100 diseases of the joints.
877 Arthropod is any animal that belongs to the major division, or phylum, of the animal kingdom called the
Arthropoda.
878 Arthroscopy is the technique of using an arthroscope to examine a joint of the body.
879 Arthur, Chester Alan (1829-1886), was the 21st president of the United States (1881-1885).
880 Arthur, Sir George (1784-1854), was lieutenant governor of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) from
1824 to 1836.
881 Arthur, King, was a legendary king of medieval Britain.
882 Arthur's Pass is a route across the Southern Alps in the South Island of New Zealand.
883 Artichoke is a large, thistlelike plant that produces edible flower buds.
884 Article is the name given to any one of three words--a, an, and the.
885 Articles of Confederation was the agreement under which the 13 original colonies of America established
a government of states in 1781.
886 Artificial eye is worn by a person who has had an eye removed because of disease or injury.
887 Artificial heart is a device designed to replace a natural heart.
888 Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science.
889 Artificial limb is a synthetic replacement for an arm or leg lost as the result of injury, disease, or a birth
defect.
890 Artificial respiration is a life-saving measure used to force air into and out of the lungs of people who
have stopped breathing.
891 Artificial sweetener is a synthetic substance used in food and beverages in place of sugar.
892 Artificial turf is a manufactured product that looks like grass.
893 Artigas, Jose Gervasio (1764-1850), was a national hero of Uruguay.
894 Artillery includes mounted guns or rocket launchers that are too large or too heavy to be classed as
small arms.
895
Artzybasheff, Boris (1899-1965), was an American artist and writer of both adult and children's books.
896 Aruba is a Dutch island dependency in the West Indies.
897 Arum is the name of a large family of plants.
898 Arun (pop. 127,700) is a local government district in West Sussex, England.
899 Arunachal Pradesh is a state in the northeast of India.
900 Aryabhatta (A.D. 476-...?) was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and poet.
901 Aryans is a term used both for a group of Asian languages and for certain Asian peoples.
902
Asaph, Saint (?-596?), is honoured as the first bishop of Llanelwy, now St. Asaph, in Clwyd, Wales.
903 Asbestos is any of a group of soft, threadlike mineral fibres.
904 Asbjornsen, Peter Christen (1812-1885), was a collector of Norwegian folk tales and a naturalist.
905 Asbury, Francis (1745-1816), was the most important Methodist leader in America during the late 1700's
and early 1800's.
906 Ascension is an island in the South Atlantic about 1,100 kilometres northwest of Saint Helena and 800
kilometres south of the equator.
907 Ascension Day is a Christian holiday that falls on a Thursday, 40 days after Easter.
908 Asceticism is the practice of self-denial or self-punishment, often for religious purposes.
909 Asch, Sholem (1880-1957), a Polish-born author, was the first person to achieve international
recognition writing in Yiddish.
910 Ascham, Roger (1515-1568), was tutor to Princess Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth I of England, and
was the author of The Schoolmaster (1570).
911
Asche, Oscar (1871-1936), was an Australian actor, playwright, theatrical manager, and producer.
912 Asclepius was the Greek god of healing.
913 Ash is a group of hardwood trees found in Asia, Europe, and North America.
914 Ash is the substance that remains after an organic substance has been burned.
915 Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent.
916 Ashanti are the largest and most powerful ethnic group in the West African country of Ghana.
917 Ashburton (pop. 14,030), is a town in the South Island of New Zealand.
918 Ashcan School was a group of American artists of the early 1900's known mainly for their realistic
paintings of city life.
919 Ashcroft, Dame Peggy (1907-1991), acted in plays, films, and on television.
920 Ashdown, Battle of (A.D. 871), was a battle fought during the Danish campaign to conquer England in
the late 800's.
921 Ashdown, Paddy (1941-...), became the first leader of the United Kingdom's new Liberal Democrat Party
after the Liberals and Social Democrats merged in 1988.
922 Ashe, Arthur (1943-1993), an American tennis player, became the first black to win the U.S. men's
national singles championship.
923 Ashfield (pop. 106,800) is a coal-mining area in Nottinghamshire, England.
924 Ashford (pop. 90,900) is a local government district in Kent, England, on the southern side of the North
Downs.
925 Ashgabat (pop. 407,000) is the capital of Turkmenistan.
926
Ashley, William Henry (1778?-1838), an American fur trader and explorer, began fur trading in 1822.
927 Ashmore and Cartier Islands are a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean about 300 kilometres off the
northwestern coast of Australia.
928 Ashton, Sir Frederick (1904-1988), was an English choreographer (composer of dances).
929 Ashurbanipal, also spelled Assurbanipal, was the last great king of the Assyrians.
930 Asia is the largest continent in both size and population.
931 Asia Minor is a peninsula of western Asia.
932 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for the discussion of economic cooperation in the
Pacific region.
933 Asian Development Bank (ADB) lends money and provides technical help to developing countries of
Asia to promote economic growth.
934 Asian Games are one of the most important amateur sporting events in the world.
935 Asimov, Isaac (1920-1992), was an American author.
936 Askia Muhammad (1441?-1538), also called Askia I or Askia the Great, ruled the West African empire of
Songhai during the height of its power.
937 Asmara (pop. 275,385) is the capital and industrial centre of Eritrea.
938 Asoka (?-232 B.C.), also spelled Ashoka, was the greatest emperor of ancient India.
939 Asp is the name of a cobra found in Egypt.
940 Asparagus is a nutritious green vegetable.
941
Aspen is the name of three species of medium-sized poplar trees found in the Northern Hemisphere.
942 Aspen (pop. 5,049), a town in the U.S. state of Colorado, once a rich silver-mining centre, is now a yearround
resort.
943 Asphalt is a black cementlike mineral substance that is found in most crude petroleum.
944 Asphodel is a hardy plant native to the Mediterranean regions.
945 Asphyxiation is a state of unconsciousness that occurs when the lungs do not provide the blood with
sufficient oxygen.
946 Aspidistra is a plant native to the Orient, but widely cultivated as a house plant.
947
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world.
948 Asquith, Herbert Henry (1852-1928), a British statesman, served as prime minister of the United
Kingdom from 1908 to 1916.
949 Assad, Hafez al- (1930-...), was elected president of Syria in 1971.
950 Assam is a state in northeastern India, in the low-lying Brahmaputra Valley.
951 Assassination is the murder of a person who holds a position of public importance.
952 Assault and battery is a legal term that involves a threat and physical act.
953
Assaying is a process used to determine the amount of metals or minerals contained in substances.
954 Assemblies of God is the largest Pentecostal religious denomination in the world.
955
Assembly line is a group of work areas, called stations, arranged in a certain order to make a product.
956
Assignment is the legal term for the transfer of rights to property or money from one person to another.
957 Assimilation is the process by which cells convert food into living tissues.
958 Assimilation is the process through which one social and cultural group becomes part of another social
and cultural group.
959 Assiniboia was the name of two historic areas of the United States and Canada.
960 Associated Press (AP) is one of the world's largest news-gathering services and one of two general
news services in the United States.
961 Association, in psychology, refers to one theory of how people learn things.
962
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an organization of Southeast Asian countries--
Brunei, Burma, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
963 Assumption is the religious belief that a certain person was taken bodily into heaven.
964 Assyria was an ancient country on the upper Tigris River in Mesopotamia.
965 Astaire, Fred (1899-1987), an American dancer and actor, was a popular star of musicals.
966 Astarte is the Greek name for one of the most important goddesses of the ancient Middle East.
967 Astatine is the heaviest member of the halogen family of chemical elements.
968 Aster is the name of a large group of plants valued for their colourful flowers.
969 Asteroid is any of numerous small planetary bodies that revolve around the sun.
970 Asthma is a disease involving a type of breathlessness.
971 Astigmatism is a visual defect in which both nearby and distant objects appear blurred.
972 Aston, Francis William (1877-1945), was a British physicist.
973 Astor is the name of an important American family.
974 Astrakhan (pop. 510,000) is a city in southwestern Russia, on the Volga River delta.
975 Astrolabe is an instrument used by early astronomers and navigators to measure the angles of celestial
bodies above the horizon.
976 Astrology is the study of how the sun, moon, planets, and stars are supposedly related to life and events
on the earth.
977 Astronaut is a person who pilots a spacecraft or works in space.
978 Astronautics is the scientific study of space flight.
979 Astronomer Royal is an honorary title for one of Britain's outstanding astronomers.
980 Astronomy is the study of the stars, planets, and other objects that make up the universe.
981 Astrophysics is a science that applies the principles of physics to many fields of astronomy.
982 Asturias, Miguel Angel (1899-1974), a Guatemalan author and diplomat, won the Nobel Prize for
literature in 1967.
983 Asuncion (pop. 455,517) is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Paraguay.
984 Aswan (pop. 191,461) is an important commercial and mining resort in southeastern Egypt.
985 Aswan High Dam controls the floodwaters of the Nile River in Egypt.
986 Asylum, in international law, is shelter and protection given by a nation to a person fleeing another
nation.
987 Atacama Desert is a barren, mineral-rich region in northern Chile and the southern tip of Peru.
988 Atahualpa (1500?-1533), also called Atabalipa, was the last ruler of the Inca Empire in Peru.
989 Ataturk, Kemal (1881-1938), was the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey.
990 Atavism, also called reversion, is the sudden reappearance in an animal or plant of a trait that has
existed before only in ancient ancestors.
991 Ataxia is a lack of coordination in the muscles.
992 Athanasius, Saint (295?-373), was the leading Christian churchman of his time.
993 Atheism is the belief that God does not exist.
994 Athena, in Greek mythology, was the goddess of warfare, wisdom, and arts and crafts.
995
Athens, (pop. 748,110; met. area pop. 3,096,775) is one of the world's most famous and historic cities.
996 Atherton, Michael Andrew (1968-...), is an English cricketer.
997 Atherton Tableland is an area of high, flat land in northeastern Queensland, Australia.
998 Athlete's foot is an infectious skin disease that involves itching and scaling between the toes and on the
soles of the feet.
999 Athletics is a sport in which athletes compete in running, walking, jumping, and throwing events.
1000 Athlone (pop. 8,768) is the largest town of Westmeath in the Republic of Ireland.
1001 Athlone, Earl of (1874-1957), a member of the British royal family and a military officer, served as
governor general of Canada from 1940 to 1946.
1002 Atlanta (pop. 394,017; metropolitan area pop. 2,833,511) is the capital and largest city of the Southern
state of Georgia in the United States.
1003 Atlantic Charter expressed the post-World War II aims of the United States and Great Britain.
1004 Atlantic City (pop. 40,199; metropolitan area pop. 319,416), is a large seaside resort in the eastern state
of New Jersey in the United States.
1005 Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway is a sheltered water route used by boats along the Atlantic Coast of the
United States.
1006 Atlantic Ocean is the second largest body of water in the world.
1007 Atlantic Provinces are the four Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and
Prince Edward Island.
1008 Atlantis was a legendary continent that many people believe sank into the Atlantic Ocean thousands of
years ago.
1009 Atlas is usually a book of maps.
1010 Atlas, in Greek mythology, was one of a group of gods called Titans.
1011 Atlas Mountains extend for 2,410 kilometres across northwestern Africa.
1012 Atmosphere is the air which surrounds the earth.
1013 Atmosphere is a measure of atmospheric pressure.
1014 Atoll is a circular ring of coral in the open sea, built up on a sunken bank, or formed on the crater of a
volcano that has sunk below the surface of the sea.
1015 Atom is one of the basic units of matter.
1016 Atomic clock is a device for measuring time intervals by measuring the frequency of electromagnetic
waves given off, or absorbed, by atoms or molecules.
1017 Atomism is a philosophical view that developed in Greece during the 400's B.C. The atomists believed
that the basic elements of reality are atoms--indivisible, indestructible particles of matter moving in
space.
1018 Atomizer is a device that produces a fine spray by forcing a liquid through a tiny opening.
1019 Atonement is the act of doing something good to make up for an offence one has committed or a harm
one has done.
1020 Atrium was the central room of early Roman houses.
1021 Attache is an officer attached to a diplomatic office.
1022 Attachment is the legal term for a court order to seize a person's property.
1023 Attar, also called otto, is the essential oil obtained by passing steam through flower petals.
1024 Attila (?-A.D. 453) was a king who united the Huns, a Mongoloid people that began to invade the Roman
Empire during the late A.D. 300's.
1025
Attlee, Clement Richard (1883-1967), was the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951.
1026 Attucks, Crispus (1723?-1770), was a leader of the American crowd that British troops fired upon in the
so-called "Boston Massacre" during the American Revolution.
1027 Atwood, Margaret (1939-...), is a Canadian poet, novelist, and critic.
1028 Aubergine is a plant grown for its large, shiny-skinned fruit.
1029
Aubrey, John (1626-1697), an author and antiquary, is best remembered for his Brief Lives, a collection
of anecdotes about such famous men as Francis Bacon, Ben Jonson, and Sir Walter Raleigh.
1030 Aubrietia is a plant of the mustard family.
1031 Auchincloss, Louis (1917-...), is an American author.
1032 Auchinleck, Sir Claude John Eyre (1884-1981), a British field marshal, served in Egypt and
Mesopotamia during World War I (1914-1918).
1033
Auckland (pop. 855,571), with its suburbs and satellite cities, is New Zealand's largest population centre.
1034 Auckland Islands are a group of uninhabited islands about 300 kilometres south of New Zealand.
1035 Auction is a sale at which people bid for articles being sold.
1036
Auden, W. H. (1907-1973), an English-born poet, is best known for the remarkable variety of his works.
1037 Audio-visual materials, also known as instructional media, are educational devices that work through
sight, sound, or both.
1038 Audiology is a profession devoted to the detection and treatment of hearing problems.
1039 Audit is the examination and checking of financial accounts by a professional auditor (accountant) who
has had no part in their preparation.
1040 Audubon, John James (1785-1851), an American, was one of the first to study and paint the birds of the
United States.
1041 Audubon Society, National, in the United States, is one of the oldest and largest national conservation
organizations in the world.
1042 Auer, Leopold (1845-1930), a Hungarian violinist, became one of the most famous violin teachers of his
time.
1043
Augean stables, in Greek and Roman mythology, were the stables belonging to Augeas, king of Elis.
1044 Augrabies Falls, on the Orange River in South Africa, are among the world's great waterfalls.
1045 Augsburg (pop. 245,193) is a commercial and industrial city in southern Germany.
1046
Augur was the title given to people in ancient Rome who interpreted signs for government officials.
1047 August is the eighth month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all
the world today.
1048 Augustine, Saint (354-430), was one of the greatest leaders of the early Christian church.
1049 Augustine of Canterbury, Saint (?-604), was the apostle to the English nation and the first archbishop of
Canterbury.
1050 Augustus (63 B.C.-A.D. 14), meaning the exalted, was the name given Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
(Octavian) when he became the first Roman emperor in 27 B.C. The period of the Roman Republic
ended, and the era of the Roman Empire began under August
1051 Auk is the name of a family of sea birds that includes dovekies, guillemots, murres, and puffins.
1052 Aulard, Francois Victor Alphonse (1849-1928), a noted French historian, is reknowned for his work on
source material of the French Revolution.
1053 Auld lang syne in Scottish dialect means old long since, or days gone by.
1054
Aung San Suu Kyi, Daw (1945-...) leads the opposition to the military dictatorship that rules Burma.
1055 Aurangzeb (1618-1707), was an emperor who ruled what is now India and Pakistan from 1658 until his
death.
1056 Aurelian (A.D. 215?-275), was a Roman emperor.
1057 Auriga, also called the Wagoner or the Charioteer, is the name of a constellation.
1058 Aurochs, also called urus, is the name of a kind of extinct wild ox.
1059 Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eye only at night.
1060 Aurora was the goddess of the dawn in Roman mythology.
1061 Aurora australis, also called southern lights, occurs as arcs or bands of brilliant light in the sky over the
Antarctic.
1062 Aurukun is an Australian Aboriginal settlement on the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia.
1063 Auschwitz was a forced-labour and extermination centre run by the German Nazis during World War II
(1939-1945).
1064 Austcare stands for Australians Care for Refugees.
1065 Austen, Jane (1775-1817), one of the best-loved English novelists, wrote with a keen sense of irony
about the social institutions of her time.
1066 Austerlitz, Battle of, was a major battle of the Napoleonic Wars.
1067 Austin (pop. 465,622) is the capital of Texas, a state in the United States.
1068 Austin, Herbert (1866-1941), Baron Austin of Longbridge, designed and built some of the first motorcars
in the United Kingdom.
1069 Austin, Stephen Fuller (1793-1836), was an American colonizer.
1070 Austral, Florence (1892-1968), an Australian dramatic soprano, became internationally famous, both as
a grand opera singer and as a concert artist.
1071 Austral Islands lie south of Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean.
1072 Australia is a name that comes from the Latin word australis, meaning southern.
1073 Australia is the only country that is also a continent.
1074 Australia II became the first non-American yacht to win the America's Cup in the 25 challenges from
1870.
1075 Australia, Armed services of, are small, but advanced in technology.
1076 Australia, Art and architecture of. Australia's unique combination of landscape, peoples, and cultural
influences has produced art and architecture that is both rich and varied.
1077 Australia, Government of. Australia is a federation of six states, two mainland territories, and eight
external territories.
1078
Australia, History of. The first people in Australia were Aborigines who arrived at least 50,000 years ago.
1079 Australia, Legal system of. The legal system of Australia is based to a large extent on the legal system
of England.
1080 Australia, Literature of. Literature in Australia is a major body of writing in the English language
produced by authors born or residing in Australia.
1081 Australia Day is celebrated as a national holiday in Australia on January 26 of each year.
1082 Australia felix was the name given by the explorer Sir Thomas Mitchell to a large tract of excellent
farming and pasture land in Victoria, Australia.
1083 Australian Aborigines are Australians whose ancestors were the first people to live in Australia.
1084 Australian Academy of the Humanities is a council of up to 50 elected members, as well as honorary and
special members.
1085 Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS) is a scientific
organization that plays an important part in promoting the exchange of scientific information throughout
the Commonwealth of Nations.
1086 Australian Alps, the playground of Australia, contain the highest mountains in Australia.
1087 Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is responsible for national television and radio services in
Australia.
1088 Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is the site of Canberra, Australia's national capital.
1089 Australian cattle dog is a breed of dog that originated in Australia during the 1800's.
1090 Australian coat of arms contains the badges of the six states of the Commonwealth of Australia enclosed
in an ermine border.
1091 Australian Constitution was proclaimed on Jan. 1, 1901, when the six separate colonies combined to
form the Commonwealth of Australia.
1092 Australian flag features the British Union Flag--often called the Union Jack--at the upper left on a blue
background.
1093 Australian Flying Corps (AFC) was the first air force in Australia.
1094
Australian Inland Mission was an organization that provided help for people in the Australian outback.
1095 Australian kelpie is a sheepdog.
1096 Australian Labor Party (ALP) is Australia's oldest political party.
1097 Australian Loan Council decides the total amount of money to be raised each year by the federal and
state governments, except for defence and temporary purposes.
1098 Australian Rules football is a highly popular winter game in the southern states of Australia.
1099 Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) gathers and evaluates information that its director
general considers is relevant to the security of the country.
1100 Australian terrier is a small dog once used to guard mines and tend sheep in Australia.
1101
Australind is a tract of land on the Leschenault Inlet, about 145 kilometres south of Perth, Australia.
1102 Australites are small, glasslike stones found in the southern part of Australia.
1103 Australoids are members of the racial group consisting of the Australian Aborigines.
1104 Australopithecus is regarded by most anthropologists as the earliest type of creature that was similar to
human beings.
1105 Austria is a small country in central Europe famous for its beautiful mountain scenery.
1106 Austria-Hungary, also called the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the Dual Monarchy, was a country in
central Europe from 1867 until 1918.
1107 Authoritarianism is any form of government in which relatively few people run the country, and the rest of
the population takes little part in decision making.
1108 Autism is a rare, severe developmental disorder that begins before four years of age.
1109 Autobiography is a type of biography in which the author tells the story of his or her own life.
1110 Autocracy is a form of government in which one person holds supreme power.
1111 Autogiro is a type of heavier-than-air craft that is supported in the air by a rotor instead of by fixed wings,
as an aeroplane is.
1112 Autograph is anything handwritten.
1113 Automatic frequency control (AFC) is a circuit used in electronic devices to maintain a particular
frequency automatically.
1114 Automatic pilot, also called gyropilot, is a device that automatically steers ships or aircraft.
1115 Automation is the use of machines to perform tasks that require decision making.
1116 Automobile Association (AA), in Britain, is the largest motoring organization in the world.
1117 Autopsy is an external and internal examination of the dead.
1118 Autry, Gene (1907-...), is an American singer, actor, songwriter, and business executive.
1119 Autumn is the season between summer and winter.
1120 Auvergne is a region and former province in the south-eastern part of central France.
1121 Auxin is the name of a group of hormones that control plant growth.
1122 Avalanche is a mass of snow that slides down a mountain slope.
1123 Avant-garde is a term used to describe people in any field who break with tradition and conventional
standards in their work.
1124 Avebury, a village in central Wiltshire, is famous as the site of some of the oldest prehistoric structures in
England.
1125 Average is a number that is typical of a group of numbers or quantities.
1126 Averroes (1126-1198), was an Arabian philosopher.
1127 Aviation is a term that includes all the activities involved in building and flying aircraft, including
aeroplanes, airships, balloons, helicopters, and gliders.
1128 Avicenna (980-1037), also known as Ibn-Sina, was an Arab doctor, philosopher-scientist, astronomer,
and poet.
1129 Avignon (pop. 89,132; met. area pop. 175,000) is an agricultural centre and a historic city in
southeastern France.
1130 Avila Camacho, Manuel (1897-1955), a Mexican soldier, diplomat, and political leader, served as
president of Mexico from 1940 to 1946.
1131 Avoca is the name of a village and a small river in Wicklow, in the Republic of Ireland.
1132 Avocado is a fruit that grows on an evergreen tree of the same name.
1133 Avocet is a long-legged wading bird, from 40 to 45 centimetres long.
1134 Avogadro, Amedeo (1776-1856), was an Italian physicist.
1135 Avoirdupois is a system of weights for common, sizable articles of commerce, such as coal, grain, or
foodstuffs.
1136 Avon was a county in southwestern England.
1137 Avon is the name of nine rivers in Britain.
1138 Aw Boon Haw (1893-1954), a Chinese businessman, became known in Singapore as the Tiger Balm
King, because of the medicinal products marketed by his family under the "Tiger" brand.
1139 Axe is a common cutting tool made up of an edged head attached to a handle.
1140 Axiom is a mathematical statement that is assumed to be true.
1141 Axis refers to alliances formed among Germany, Italy, and Japan beginning in 1936 and continuing in
their cooperation during World War II (1939-1945).
1142 Ayckbourn, Alan (1939-...), a British playwright and theatre director, won fame for his comedies.
1143 Aye-aye is a small, squirrel-like animal of Madagascar.
1144 Ayer, Sir Alfred Jules (1910-1989), a British philosopher, acquired an early reputation with his book
Language, Truth and Logic (1936).
1145 Ayers Rock is a giant outcrop of rock in the Northern Territory of Australia.
1146 Aylesbury Vale (pop. 143,600) is a local government district that covers a large area in central
Buckinghamshire, England.
1147 Aylward, Gladys (1902-1970), was an Englishwoman born in London.
1148 Ayr (pop. 9,012) is the chief town of the Shire of Burdekin in Queensland, Australia.
1149 Ayrshire was a county in southwestern Scotland.
1150
Aytoun, William Edmondstoune (1813-1865), a Scottish poet and humorist, is best known for the Bon
Gaultier Ballads (1845), a series of brilliant parodies, which he wrote with Sir Theodore Martin.
1151 Ayub Khan, Mohammad (1907-1974), was a Pakistani political leader.
1152 Azalea is the name of a group of flowering shrubs.
1153
Azerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus Mountain region on the western shore of the Caspian Sea.
1154 Azimuth is a measure along the horizon of the angle between an object and a reference point.
1155 Azlan Shah (1928-...), became the king of Malaysia in 1989.
1156 Azores are a group of nine islands that belong to Portugal.
1157 Azov, Sea of, is a large, shallow inland sea bordering Ukraine and Russia.
1158 Aztec were an American Indian people who ruled a mighty empire in Mexico during the 1400's and early
1500's.
1159 Azurite is a mineral that contains copper.
1160 B is the second letter of the English alphabet.
1161 Ba Jin (1904-...), an outstanding Chinese writer, became known for his novels Family (1931), Spring
(1938), and Autumn (1940), which first gained popularity in the 1940's.
1162 Baal was one of the chief gods of the Canaanites in Biblical times.
1163 Baal Shem Tov (1700?-1760), a Jewish teacher, was the leading founder of the religious movement
called Hasidism.
1164
Babur, also spelled Babar (1483-1530), was a Turkish prince who founded the Mughal Empire in India.
1165 Babbage, Charles (1791-1871), was an English mathematician known for his designs of two mechanical
computing machines.
1166
Babbitt metals are alloys often used to line the bearings of cranks, axles, and similar moving parts.
1167 Babbler is the name of a large, varied group of birds found mainly in the forests of Africa, southern Asia,
and Australia.
1168 Babcock, Stephen Moulton (1843-1931), an American agricultural chemist, devised in 1890 a test to
show the amount of butterfat in milk.
1169 Babel, Isaak Emmanuilovich (1894-1941), was a Soviet Jewish writer.
1170 Babergh (pop. 78,500) is a rural local government district in Suffolk, England.
1171
Babi Yar was a ravine near Kiev in Ukraine and the site of one of the largest massacres in history.
1172 Babington, Anthony (1561-1586), was the leader of a Roman Catholic plot to assassinate Elizabeth I of
England, and to make Mary, Queen of Scots, the Queen of England.
1173 Babirusa is a wild pig found in Indonesia.
1174 Baboon is a large monkey.
1175 Babson, Roger Ward (1875-1967), an American statistician, founded Babson's Statistical Organization in
1904 to gather information useful to business.
1176 Baby, also called infant, is a child up to about 18 months of age.
1177 Babylon was a great city of the ancient world.
1178 Babylonia was an ancient region around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southeastern
Iraq.
1179 Bacall, Lauren (1924-...), is an American film actress.
1180 Bacchus was the god of wine in Roman mythology.
1181 Bacchus Marsh (pop. 11,853), is a town in central southern Victoria, Australia.
1182 Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-1788), was a German composer.
1183 Bach, Johann Christian (1735-1782), a German composer, was the youngest son of the famous
composer Johann Sebastian Bach.
1184 Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750), a German composer, is considered the greatest genius of
baroque music.
1185
Back is the part of the body, viewed from the rear, that extends from the neck to the buttocks (rump).
1186 Backache is a pain that originates in the area of the spine.
1187 Backgammon is a game for two people played with a rectangular board and dice.
1188 Bacolod (pop. 364,180) is the capital of the province of Negros Occidental, on Negros Island in the
Philippines.
1189 Bacon is a kind of meat that is a favourite breakfast food in several countries.
1190 Bacon, Francis (1561-1626), was an English philosopher, essayist, jurist, and statesman.
1191 Bacon, Francis (1909-1992), was one of the most important British artists of the second half of the
1900's.
1192 Bacon, Nathaniel (1647-1676), was the leader of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, then an English colony in
America.
1193 Bacon, Roger (1214?-1292?), was an English philosopher and scientist.
1194 Bacteria are simple organisms that consist of one cell.
1195 Bacteriology is the study of single-celled organisms called bacteria.
1196 Badawi, Abdullah bin Ahmad (1939-...), became minister of foreign affairs for Malaysia in 1991, and vice
president of Malaysia in 1984.
1197 Baden-Baden (pop. 48,684) is a world-famous health resort town in the northwest corner of the Black
Forest in Germany.
1198 Baden-Powell, Lord (1857-1941), founded the Boy Scout movement.
1199
Badenoch and Strathspey (pop. 12,941) is a local government district in Highland Region, Scotland.
1200 Bader, Sir Douglas (1910-1982), was one of the leading British airmen in the World War II Battle of
Britain (1940) (see BATTLE OF BRITAIN).
1201 Badger is a digging member of the weasel family, which also includes martens, minks, otters, skunks,
and wolverines.
1202 Badlands are regions of small, steep hills and deep gullies formed primarily by water erosion.
1203 Badminton is a game in which opposing players use rackets to hit a shuttle, also called a shuttlecock,
back and forth over a net.
1204 Badoglio, Pietro (1871-1956), was an Italian soldier and statesman.
1205 Baekeland, Leo Hendrik (1863-1944), an American chemist, improved methods of developing
photographic film.
1206 Baer, Karl Ernest von (1792-1876), a German biologist, is considered the founder of embryology.
1207 Baeyer, Adolph von (1835-1917), a German chemist, won the 1905 Nobel Prize for chemistry.
1208 Baez, Joan (1941-...), is an American singer of folk and popular songs.
1209 Baffin, William (1584-1622), was an English navigator and explorer.
1210 Baffin Island lies north of the Canadian mainland.
1211 Bagehot, Walter (1826-1877), was an English banker and writer.
1212 Baghdad (pop. 5,908,000) is the capital of Iraq and one of the largest cities of the Middle East.
1213 Bagley, William Chandler (1874-1946), was an influential American professor, editor, and writer.
1214 Bagpipe is a wind instrument that consists of a leather bag fitted with one or more pipes.
1215 Baguio (pop. 183,102) is a mountain resort city in the Philippines.
1216 Baha'is are members of the Baha'i Faith.
1217 Bahamas are a chain of islands forming an independent nation in the northern Caribbean Sea.
1218 Baha'u'llah (1817-1892), was the founder of the Baha'i Faith.
1219 Bahrain is an island country in the Persian Gulf (a stretch of water in southwest Asia, lying between the
Arabian mainland and Iran).
1220 Bail is security arranged with a court of law to obtain the release of an arrested person.
1221 Bailey, Carolyn Sherwin (1875-1961), an American author, won the Newbery Medal in 1947.
1222 Bailey, David (1938-...), a British photographer and film director, rose to fame as a fashion photographer
in the 1960's.
1223 Bailie was an elected magistrate in Scotland.
1224 Bailiwick is a region under the jurisdiction of a bailiff or a sheriff.
1225 Baillieu, Lord (1889-1967), Clive Latham Baillieu, was one of the world's leading businessmen.
1226 Baily's beads are the brilliant points of light seen just as the sun disappears behind or reappears from
behind the moon during a total solar eclipse (see ECLIPSE).
1227 Bain, Andrew (1797?-1864), a Scottish engineer, became known as "the father of South African
geology" because of his research into local fossils, plants, and rocks.
1228 Bainbridge, William (1774-1833), was a United States naval officer in the war with Tripoli and the War of
1812.
1229 Baines, Thomas (1822-1875), a British-born artist and explorer, lived and worked for most of his life in
South Africa.
1230 Baird, John Logie (1888-1946), a Scottish engineer, gave the first public demonstration of television in
1926 in England.
1231 Bairnsdale (pop. 10,772), is the educational, retail, and market centre of East Gippsland, and the centre
of government administration in eastern Victoria, Australia (see GIPPSLAND).
1232 Baja California Norte (pop. 1,660,855) is a state of Mexico.
1233 Bakelite is the trade name of a plastic made from phenol and formaldehyde.
1234 Baker, Sir Benjamin (1840-1907), was an English civil engineer.
1235 Baker, Sir Herbert (1862-1946), was South Africa's leading architect in the early 1900's.
1236 Baker, Dame Janet (1933-...), is a British singer whose voice possesses rare beauty and control.
1237 Baker, Sir Samuel (1821-1893), was a British explorer who helped to locate the sources of the Nile
River.
1238 Baker, Snowy (1884-1953), was one of Australia's greatest all-round sportsmen.
1239 Bakewell, Robert (1725-1795), was one of the first British farmers to show how livestock could be
improved by the careful selection of breeding animals.
1240 Baking powder is a fine white powder used to make cakes and biscuits leaven (rise).
1241 Baku (pop. 1,084,000; met. area pop. 1,661,000) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan.
1242 Balaklava, Battle of, was fought near the town of Balaklava in the Crimea, Russia, on Oct. 25, 1854,
during the Crimean War.
1243
Balalaika is a stringed musical instrument with a triangular body and a long neck with frets (ridges).
1244 Balance is a device that weighs substances.
1245 Ballance, John (1839-1893), was premier of New Zealand from 1891 to 1893.
1246 Balance of nature. Many plants, animals, and other organisms live in any given area of the world.
1247 Balance of payments is a record of the value of all economic transactions that one country has with other
countries and international institutions during a certain period.
1248 Balance of power is a system of maintaining peace through an even distribution of military and economic
power among nations or groups of nations.
1249 Balanchine, George (1904-1983), was a Russian-born choreographer (dance composer).
1250 Balboa, Vasco Nunez de (1475?-1519), a Spanish conqueror and explorer, was the first European to
see the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean.
1251 Balchen, Bernt (1899-1973), was a Norwegian-American aviation pioneer.
1252
Balchin, Nigel (1908-1970), was a British writer best known for his novel The Small Back Room (1943).
1253 Balcon, Sir Michael (1896-1977), a British film director and producer, became noted as the chief of
productions at Ealing Films in London.
1254 Bald cypress is a cone-bearing tree with pale green, feathery leaves.
1255 Balder was the god of beauty, goodness, and light in Norse mythology.
1256 Baldness or alopecia is the partial or total absence of hair on the scalp.
1257 Baldwin, James (1924-1987), was a black American novelist, essayist, and playwright.
1258 Baldwin, Matthias William (1795-1866), was an American inventor and philanthropist.
1259 Baldwin, Stanley (1867-1947), served as prime minister of Great Britain three times.
1260 Balearic Islands are a group of five major islands and many smaller ones that lie east of Spain in the
Mediterranean Sea.
1261 Balfour, Arthur James (1848-1930), Earl of Balfour, served as British prime minister from 1902 to 1905,
and was leader of the Conservative Party for over 20 years.
1262 Balfour Declaration was a British government document that dealt with the establishment of a Jewish
homeland in Palestine.
1263 Bali is one of the most famous and attractive of all Indonesia's islands.
1264 Balkans are a group of nine countries that cover a peninsula in the southeast corner of Europe.
1265
Ball, John (?-1381), an English priest, was a leader of the agitation for better conditions that led to the
Peasants' Revolt of 1381 (see UNITED KINGDOM, HISTORY OF THE [The decline of feudalism]).
1266 Ballad is a song that tells a dramatic story in verse.
1267 Ballade is an elaborate and carefully patterned verse form.
1268 Balladur, Edouard (1929-...), became prime minister of France in 1993.
1269 Ballantyne, R. M. (1825-1894), was a Scottish writer who wrote adventure stories for boys.
1270 Ballarat (pop. 78,347) is the largest inland city in Victoria, Australia.
1271 Ballesteros, Severiano (1957-...), is a Spanish golfer.
1272 Ballet is a form of theatrical dance that uses formal, set movements and poses characterized by
elegance and grace.
1273 Ballistics is a branch of engineering that deals with the motion and behaviour of projectiles, such as
bullets, rockets, bombs, and guided missiles.
1274 Balloon is a bag filled with heated air or a light gas so that it rises and floats in the air.
1275 Ballot is the means by which voters indicate their choices in an election.
1276 Ballymena (pop. 55,916) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, centred on the town of
Ballymena.
1277 Ballymoney (pop. 24,080) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, centred on the town of
Ballymoney, in the former administrative county of Antrim.
1278 Balm is a tall, fragrant herb of the mint family.
1279 Balm of Gilead, also called balsam Mecca, is a resin that has been valued since ancient times for its
fragrance and for its supposed value as a medicinal salve.
1280 Balmoral is a castle belonging to the British monarch.
1281 Balsa is the lightest wood in commercial use.
1282 Balsam is the name of several spicy-smelling resins obtained from certain evergreen trees and a number
of other plants.
1283 Balsam, Garden, is an annual garden flower native to India.
1284 Balsam fir is the name given to a number of evergreen trees in the pine family.
1285 Baltic Exchange, in the City of London, is the largest market in the world for chartering space in ships of
all nationalities.
1286 Baltic Sea is a large inland sea or gulf of northern Europe.
1287 Baltic States consist of the independent nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
1288 Baltimore (pop. 736,014; metropolitan area pop. 2,382,172) is one of the principal port cities of the
United States and the largest city in the state of Maryland.
1289 Baltimore, Lord, was the title of six members of the Calvert family of England.
1290 Baltimore oriole is a songbird that lives in North and South America.
1291
Balzac, Honore de (1799-1850), a French writer, was one of the most important novelists of the 1800's.
1292 Bamako (pop. 404,022) is the capital of Mali, a country in western Africa.
1293 Bamboo is a giant grass noted for the usefulness of its hollow woody stem.
1294 Banana is a nourishing fruit that grows in the tropics and is popular throughout the world.
1295 Bananaquit is a small honeyeater type bird of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.
1296 Banawe is a town in the Philippines.
1297 Banbridge (pop. 33,144) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
1298 Banbury is a market town in Oxfordshire, England.
1299 Bancroft, George (1800-1891), was an American historian and diplomat.
1300 Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1832-1918), an American publisher and historian, is remembered for his History
of the Pacific States (1875-1890) in 39 volumes, although this work was largely written by paid
assistants, to whom Bancroft gave little credit.
1301 Band is a group of musicians who play mainly wind and percussion instruments.
1302 Banda, Hastings Kamuzu (1898-1997), was the leader of Malawi from 1963 to 1993.
1303 Bandage is any material used to hold a dressing or compress in place, to prevent infection of a wound,
to apply pressure to control bleeding, or to support broken bones.
1304 Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, (1916-...), became prime minister of the Republic of Sri Lanka (formerly
Ceylon) in 1994.
1305 Bandicoot is a small mammal of Australia and New Guinea.
1306 Bandit is a robber who is usually one of a group of outlaws.
1307 Bandung (pop. 1,401,108) is a city in Indonesia.
1308 Banff, Alberta (pop. 4,208), one of the most famous resort towns in Canada, is noted for its natural
beauty.
1309 Banff and Buchan was a local government district in the Grampian Region, Scotland.
1310 Banff National Park, established in 1885, is the oldest national park in Canada.
1311 Bangalore (pop. 3,302,296, met. area pop. 4,086,548) is the capital and largest city of Karnataka, a state
in southern India.
1312 Bangkok (pop. 5,876,000) is the capital and largest city of Thailand, and the only large city in that
country.
1313 Bangladesh is a South Asian nation that once formed part of Pakistan.
1314 Bangui (pop. 473,817) is the capital and largest city of the Central African Republic.
1315 Banjarmasin, also spelled Bandjarmasin (pop. 381,286), is the capital of South Kalimantan province in
Indonesia.
1316 Banjo is a stringed musical instrument that has a round metal or wooden body and a long fretted (ridged)
neck.
1317 Banjul (pop. 44,188) is the capital and the largest city of Gambia.
1318 Bank is a business establishment that safeguards people's money and uses it to make loans and
investments.
1319 Bank holidays are public holidays in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland on which banks,
government offices, and most factories, offices, and shops are closed.
1320 Bank of England is one of the most important financial institutions in the world.
1321 Bankhead, Tallulah (1903-1968), was an American stage and film actress.
1322 Bankruptcy is a legal process applied to someone unable to pay debts.
1323 Banks, Sir Joseph (1743-1820), a wealthy naturalist and patron of science, won fame for his involvement
in the discovery and development of Australia and his establishment of Kew Gardens, Richmond, near
London.
1324 Banksia is the name of about 70 kinds of plants that grow in Australia and New Guinea.
1325 Bann is the name of two rivers in Northern Ireland.
1326
Banneker, Benjamin (1731-1806), was an American astronomer, farmer, mathematician, and surveyor.
1327 Bannister, Sir Roger (1929-...), a British athlete, became the first man to run a mile (1.609 kilometres) in
less than four minutes.
1328 Bannockburn, Battle of, was one of the most important battles in the history of Scotland.
1329 Bannon, John (1943-...), a member of the Australian Labor Party, became premier of South Australia in
1982.
1330 Banshee is an old woman in Irish folklore.
1331 Bantam is any one of a number of miniature fowl--especially chickens.
1332
Banting, Sir Frederick Grant (1891-1941), a Canadian doctor, was the principal discoverer of insulin.
1333 Bantu are a large group of African black peoples.
1334 Banyan tree is a kind of fig tree that grows in India and neighbouring countries.
1335 Baobab is the name of a group of trees that grow in tropical and subtropical regions of the Eastern
Hemisphere, especially in Madagascar.
1336 Baptism is a symbolic washing with water as a religious practice.
1337 Baptists are members of a large Protestant Christian religious group who reserve baptism for people
who affirm their faith in Jesus Christ as their saviour.
1338 Bar coding is a method of labelling shop goods and other items.
1339 Bar mitzvah is the entry of a Jewish boy into the adult Jewish community.
1340 Barabbas was a man mentioned in all four Gospels of the Bible.
1341 Baraga, Frederic (1797-1868), an Austrian-born Roman Catholic missionary, became the first bishop of
Upper Michigan in 1853.
1342 Baraka, Amiri (1934-...), is a black American author who gained fame for his powerful plays about race
relations in the United States.
1343 Barassi, Ron (1936-...), an Australian Rules footballer, took part as a player, captain, or coach in 10
Victorian Football League premierships.
1344 Barbados is an island country in the Caribbean Sea.
1345 Barbarian is a word used to describe an uncivilized or uncultivated person.
1346 Barbarossa (1466?-1546) was a Barbary corsair (pirate).
1347 Barbary ape is the only wild monkey now living in Europe.
1348 Barbary States once lay along the coast of North Africa.
1349 Barbecue originally referred to the roasting of a whole pig, ox or other large animal over a wood or
charcoal fire in an open field.
1350 Barbed wire is made of two or more steel wires twisted together with thornlike barbs at frequent
intervals.
1351 Barber is one who cuts or dresses the hair, and shaves or trims the beard, of other people.
1352 Barber, Samuel (1910-1981), was an American composer.
1353
Barberry is the name of several low, spiny shrubs, which are also known by their latin name Berberis.
1354 Barbershop quartet singing is a style of harmony using four voices.
1355 Barbet is a small to medium-sized brightly coloured bird.
1356 Barbirolli, Sir John (1899-1970), was a British symphony orchestra conductor.
1357 Barbiturate is any of a group of drugs used to calm people or make them sleep.
1358 Barbizon School is the name of a group of French painters who settled in the village of Barbizon during
the 1830's and 1840's.
1359 Barbour, John (1316?-1395), was the first known Scottish poet and historian.
1360 Barcarole, also spelled barcarolle, is a musical term for the songs originally sung by gondoliers in
Venice.
1361 Barcelona (pop. 1,625,542) is the most important manufacturing and trading city in Spain.
1362 Barcoo is a river of the Lake Eyre river system in Australia.
1363 Bard was an ancient singer-poet.
1364 Bardeen, John (1908-1991), an American physicist, became the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice
for work in the same field.
1365 Bardsey is an island in Cardigan Bay on the west coast of Wales.
1366 Barenboim, Daniel (1942-...), is an Israeli pianist and conductor.
1367 Barents, Willem (?-1597), was a Dutch navigator.
1368 Barents Sea lies north of eastern Norway and the European part of Russia.
1369 Barge is a sturdy, flat-bottomed boat used to carry bulk cargo, such as cement, coal, logs, oil, sand, and
sugar.
1370 Barham, R. H. (1788-1845) was an English author and humorist who wrote the Ingoldsby Legends,
under the pen name of Thomas Ingoldsby.
1371 Bari (pop. 370,781) is a busy seaport on the southern Adriatic coast of Italy.
1372 Baring-Gould, Sabine (1834-1924), an Anglican clergyman, wrote the well-known hymn "Onward,
Christian Soldiers." A prolific writer, he also wrote novels and books on a variety of subjects.
1373 Baritone, also spelled barytone, is a male voice ranging between the tenor (higher) voice and the bass
(lower) voice.
1374 Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba.
1375 Bark is the outer covering of most kinds of trees and shrubs.
1376 Bark painting is an art for which the Australian Aborigines are world famous.
1377 Barker, Collet (1786-1831), a British army captain, became an explorer in Australia.
1378 Barking and Dagenham (pop 139,900) is a borough within Greater London.
1379 Barkly Tableland is a vast plateau in the Northern Territory and Queensland, in Australia.
1380 Barlach, Ernst Heinrich (1870-1938), was a German sculptor.
1381 Barley is an important cereal grain.
1382 Barn is a farm building used to house livestock and to store hay, grain, and other supplies needed for the
animals.
1383 Barnabas was a Christian missionary during New Testament times.
1384 Barnacle is a saltwater shellfish which fastens itself onto objects under water.
1385 Barnard, Christiaan Neethling (1922-...), a South African surgeon, performed the first human heart
transplant in history.
1386 Barnard, Edward Emerson (1857-1923), an American astronomer, was one of the greatest observers of
the heavens.
1387 Barnard, Henry (1811-1900), served as the first United States commissioner of education from 1867 to
1870.
1388 Barnardo, Thomas John (1845-1905), founded Doctor Barnardo's homes for needy children.
1389 Barnato, Barney (1852-1897), an English financier and speculator, made a fortune in the diamond fields
of Kimberley in South Africa.
1390 Barnes, Sid (1918-1973), an Australian cricketer, was a batsman, spin bowler, and wicketkeeper.
1391 Barnes, Thomas (1785-1841), was a leading British journalist of his time.
1392 Barnet (pop. 283,000) is a market town and borough in Greater London.
1393
Barnhart, Clarence Lewis (1900-1993), was a noted American lexicographer--a compiler of dictionaries.
1394 Barnsley (pop. 217,300) is an industrial town in South Yorkshire, England.
1395 Barnum, P. T. (1810-1891), was the most famous American showman of his time.
1396 Barometer is an instrument that measures the pressure of the atmosphere.
1397 Baron is the title held by noblemen in the lowest rank in the British peerage.
1398 Baroque is a term applied to many forms of art created in western Europe and Latin America.
1399 Barossa Valley is one of Australia's main wine-producing areas.
1400 Barquisimeto (pop. 681,961) is one of Venezuela's largest cities.
1401 Barracouta are long, slender fish commonly found off the southern coasts of Australia.
1402 Barracuda is a marine fish that resembles the freshwater pike.
1403 Barramundi is the name of two unrelated species of fish.
1404 Barratt-Boyes, Sir Brian (1924-...), a New Zealand surgeon, won international recognition as a pioneer in
heart repair, especially in children born with heart defects.
1405 Barrault, Jean-Louis (1910-1994), was a French actor and director.
1406 Barrel is a large, round container made of wood or metal.
1407 Barrie, Sir James Matthew (1860-1937), was a Scottish playwright and novelist.
1408 Barrington, George (1755-1804), was an emancipist (pardoned convict) in Australia, who gained the
favour of Governor Hunter of New South Wales and became superintendent of convicts at Parramatta
and, later, chief constable.
1409 Barrios, Justo Rufino (1835-1885), transformed Guatemala into a progressive nation.
1410 Barron Gorge is a steep depression formed by the Barron River as it flows through northern
Queensland, Australia, from the Atherton Tableland to the sea.
1411 Barrow is a river that rises in Slieve Bloom in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
1412 Barrow-in-Furness (pop. 71,900) is an industrial town in southern Cumbria, England.
1413 Barrow Island is the site of an oilfield located 97 kilometres off the coast of Western Australia.
1414 Barrows are mounds of earth or stone covering ancient burial places.
1415 Barry, Sir Charles (1795-1860), a British architect, designed some of the most important buildings of his
day.
1416 Barry, Philip (1896-1949), was an American dramatist.
1417 Barry, Sir Redmond (1813-1880), was the judge at the trial of Australian bushranger Ned Kelly.
1418 Barrymore is the family name of several noted American actors and actresses.
1419 Barter, or counter trade, is the direct exchange of goods or services without the use of money.
1420 Barth, John (1930-...), is one of the most original novelists in modern American literature.
1421 Barth, Karl (1886-1968), was one of the best-known Protestant theologians of the 1900's.
1422 Bartholdi, Frederic Auguste (1834-1904), was a French sculptor.
1423 Bartholomew, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
1424 Bartlett, John (1820-1905), an American publisher, became known chiefly for the book Familiar
Quotations which is still published under his name.
1425 Bartok, Bela (1881-1945), a Hungarian composer, was one of the most significant composers of the
1900's.
1426 Bartolozzi, Francesco (1725?-1815?), an Italian engraver, perfected a method of engraving known as
stipple.
1427 Barton, Clara (1821-1912) was the founder of the American Red Cross.
1428 Barton, Sir Edmund (1849-1920), was the first prime minister of Australia, from 1901 to 1903.
1429 Bartram, John (1699-1777), a botanist, planted the first botanical garden in America in 1728 near
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1430 Barye, Antoine Louis (1796-1875), was a French sculptor and painter famous for his bronze statues of
animals.
1431 Baryon is a "heavy" subatomic particle.
1432 Baryshnikov, Mikhail (1948-...), is one of the world's leading ballet dancers.
1433 Barzun, Jacques, (1907-...), is an American educator and historian who has written widely on culture,
education, and the history of ideas.
1434 Basalt is a hard, dark volcanic rock.
1435 Base, in chemistry, commonly refers to any substance that can react with an acid to decrease or
neutralize its acidic properties.
1436 Baseball is essentially an American sport.
1437 Basel (pop. 174,606; met. area pop. 361,809) is the northern gateway of Switzerland.
1438 Basenji is a breed of dog first found in central Africa.
1439 Basic English is a selected vocabulary of 850 English words, and a set of rules for their use.
1440 Basie, Count (1904-1984), was an American pianist and bandleader who rose to fame in the late 1930's
as a key figure in the "swing" era of jazz.
1441 Basil is an annual herb used for seasoning food.
1442 Basil, Saint (330?-379), was a leader in the early Christian church in the East.
1443 Basildon (pop. 157,500) is a town in southern Essex, England.
1444 Basilica was the chief type of church design during the early Middle Ages.
1445 Basin is a region drained by a river and its tributaries (branches).
1446 Basingstoke and Deane (pop. 140,400), a local government district in Hampshire, England, includes the
fast-growing town of Basingstoke.
1447 Baskerville, John (1706-1775), was an English type founder and printer who designed and made his own
type.
1448 Basket making, or basketry, is a popular handicraft.
1449 Basketball is a fast, exciting, and entertaining sport played between two teams, each consisting of five
players.
1450 Basov, Nikolai Gennadievich (1922-...), is a noted Russian physicist.
1451 Basques are a group of people who live in the Pyrenees Mountains, on both sides of the border between
France and Spain.
1452 Basquiat, Jean-Michel (1960-1988), was an American artist.
1453 Bass is a name given to several kinds of fish found in fresh water and in the sea.
1454
Bass, a stringed musical instrument, is the largest and lowest-pitched member of the violin family.
1455 Bass, George (1771-1803?), a British naval surgeon, won fame for his daring exploration of the eastern
coast of Australia.
1456 Bass, Sam (1851-1878), was the Robin Hood of Texas.
1457 Bass and Flinders were two English naval officers with a flair for exploration.
1458 Bass Rock is a steep-sided islet 2 kilometres from the coast of Lothian Region, Scotland, rising from the
Firth of Forth.
1459 Bass Strait separates Tasmania from the Australian mainland.
1460 Basse-Terre (pop. 13,656) is the capital of the French overseas department of Guadeloupe in the
Antilles.
1461 Basset hound is a heavily built, low, long-bodied dog bred to hunt small game.
1462 Bassetlaw (pop. 103,000) is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England.
1463 Bassoon is an instrument that serves as the bass voice of the woodwind section of many orchestras and
bands.
1464 Basswood, also called lime or linden, is a large tree that grows up to about 40 metres tall and over 100
centimetres in diameter.
1465 Bastille was a great fortress in Paris that stood as a symbol of royal tyranny.
1466 Bastille Day is the great national holiday of France.
1467 Bat is the only mammal that can fly.
1468 Bat mitzvah is a religious observance in Judaism that celebrates a girl's entry into the adult Jewish
community.
1469 Bataan Peninsula juts into Manila Bay from the southwestern coast of Luzon, largest of the Philippine
Islands.
1470 Batavia was one of a fleet of Dutch ships that sailed from Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, for Java,
Indonesia, in October 1628.
1471 Bates, Daisy (1861-1951), devoted 33 years of her life to helping Australian Aborigines.
1472 Bates, H. E. (1905-1974), was a British novelist and short-story writer.
1473 Bath is the act of washing the body.
1474 Bath (pop. 79,900), is a graceful city in southwest England with many beautiful buildings that date from
the 1700's.
1475 Bathsheba was the beautiful wife of David, King of Israel.
1476 Bathurst (pop. 27,207) is a city in central New South Wales, Australia, about 210 kilometres from
Sydney.
1477 Bathurst, Earl (1762-1834), was secretary for war and colonies in the British government from 1812 to
1827.
1478 Bathurst Island lies in the Timor Sea about 70 kilometres northwest of Darwin.
1479 Bathyscaph is a diving craft used for deep-sea observation.
1480 Bathysphere was a diving vehicle used by scientists to study ocean depths.
1481 Batik is a method of applying coloured designs to fabric.
1482
Batista y Zaldivar, Fulgencio (1901-1973), served as president and dictator of Cuba from 1940 to 1944.
1483 Batman, John (1801-1839), the father of Melbourne, landed at the site on which Melbourne, Australia,
now stands in May 1835.
1484 Baton Rouge (pop. 219,531; met. area pop. 528,264) is the capital of the state of Louisiana, U.S.A., and
a chief port of the United States.
1485 Batten, Jean Gardner (1909-1982), a New Zealand pilot, made a series of record-breaking solo flights in
the 1930's.
1486 Battenberg is the name of a royal family from Hesse, in west-central Germany, which has played a part
in English and Bulgarian history.
1487 Battering ram was a war machine used in ancient and medieval times to open gaps in the walls or gates
of castles and fortified towns.
1488 Battery is a device that produces electricity by means of chemical action.
1489 Battery Point is a historic part of the city of Hobart in Tasmania, Australia.
1490 Battiss, Walter (1906-1982), was the first South African painter to derive his subject matter from local
forms.
1491 Battle of Britain was a decisive air conflict during World War II (1939-1945).
1492 Battle of Broken Hill was an incident that occurred in Australia during World War I (1914-1918).
1493 Battles, Fifteen Decisive. Battles of such force and meaning that they have changed the history of the
world are often called decisive battles.
1494 Battleship is a huge warship that has larger and more powerful guns and heavier armour than any other
combat ship.
1495 Battye, James Sykes (1871-1954), an Australian librarian and historian, helped to establish the
University of Western Australia.
1496
Baudelaire, Charles (1821-1867), is probably the best-known and most widely translated French poet.
1497 Baudin, Nicolas (1750?-1803), was a French navigator who explored the southern coast of the
Australian mainland during 1801 and 1802.
1498 Baudouin (1930-1993) became the king of Belgium in 1951.
1499 Baughan, Blanche (1870-1958), a New Zealand writer, made clever use of New Zealand slang in her
short stories and poems.
1500 Bauhaus was an influential school of design.
1501
Baum, L. Frank (1856-1919), an American author, wrote children's books about the magical land of Oz.
1502 Bauxite is the ore from which most aluminium is made.
1503 Bavaria is a state in southeastern Germany.
1504 Bax, Sir Arnold (1883-1953), a British composer, composed music in most forms except opera.
1505 Baxter, James K. (1926-1972), was a gifted New Zealand poet.
1506 Baxter, Richard (1615-1691), an English Nonconformist clergyman, won fame as an effective writer and
preacher.
1507 Bay is a part of a sea, a lake, or a similar body of water that forms an indentation in the shoreline and is
bordered by headlands or capes.
1508
Bay of Bengal is the northern part of the Indian Ocean, bordering on India, Bangladesh, and Burma.
1509 Bay of Biscay is an extension of the Atlantic Ocean on the western coast of Europe.
1510 Bay of Fundy is an extension of the North Atlantic Ocean that divides New Brunswick from western Nova
Scotia, Canada.
1511 Bay of Islands is on the east coast of the northern tip of New Zealand's North Island.
1512 Bay of Plenty is a large bay on the central northern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
1513 Bay Psalm Book is the first book known to have been both written and printed in the English colonies of
America.
1514 Bay tree, also known as bay, bay laurel or sweet bay, is an evergreen shrub or tree from the
Mediterranean region.
1515 Bayberry is a North American aromatic shrub closely related to the wax myrtle.
1516 Bayle, Pierre (1647-1706), a French philosopher, wrote a well-known dictionary.
1517 Bayley, Arthur (1865-1896), an Australian prospector, discovered the Coolgardie goldfield in Western
Australia.
1518 Baylis, Lilian Mary (1874-1937), became manager of the Royal Victoria Hall in London in 1912.
1519 Bayonet is a dagger or knife that fits onto the barrel of a gun.
1520 Bayou is a shallow, curving channel filled with slow-moving, sometimes stagnant water.
1521 Bayreuth (pop. 71,848) is a trading centre in the German state of Bavaria.
1522 Bazaar is an Oriental market place for articles of all kinds, in which traders maintain small stalls or
shops.
1523 Bazooka is a small rocket launcher.
1524 B.C. stands for Before Christ.
1525 BCG is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis.
1526 Beach is an accumulation of sand, pebbles, or small rocks along a shoreline.
1527 Beach plum is a wild shrub which bears an edible fruit like a small plum.
1528 Beachport is a town in southeastern South Australia, situated on the northern end of Rivoli Bay.
1529 Beacon is a light, or an easily seen structure, often located in a lofty position.
1530 Bead is a small object of almost any shape, colour, or hard material.
1531
Beadle, George Wells (1903-1989), an American geneticist, shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for physiology
or medicine for his discovery that genes act by regulating specific chemical processes.
1532 Beadwork is the craft of making or decorating objects with beads.
1533 Beagle is the smallest of the English hounds.
1534 Beagle was a British ship that carried out marine surveys in South America and along the coast of
Australia between 1826 and 1843.
1535
Beaglehole, J. C. (1901-1971), a New Zealand historian, was professor of British Commonwealth history
at the Victoria University of Wellington, on the North Island of New Zealand, from 1963 to 1966.
1536 Beagling is a field sport in the United Kingdom in which people on foot hunt hares with hounds called
beagles.
1537 Beale, Dorothea (1831-1906), was principal of Cheltenham Ladies' College, England, from 1858 until her
death.
1538 Beale, Octavius Charles (1850-1930), an Irish-born manufacturer and philanthropist, contributed to the
study of drought distress, infant mortality, and patent medicines.
1539 Bean is the name of several related plants of the pea family.
1540 Bean, C. E. W. (1879-1968), an Australian historian and journalist, gained a major reputation with his
work on the Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 (1942).
1541 Bean, Judge Roy (1825?-1904), was an American saloonkeeper and justice of the peace on the west
Texas frontier, where the Pecos and Rio Grande rivers join.
1542 Bear is a large, powerful animal with thick, shaggy fur.
1543 Bearbaiting was a cruel sport popular in London, England, as early as 1174.
1544 Beard is the hair that grows on a man's chin and the sides of his face.
1545 Beard, Charles and Mary, were American historians and authors.
1546 Bearded collie is a breed of dog that has a beardlike growth of hair around its mouth.
1547 Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent (1872-1898), was an English book and magazine illustrator.
1548 Bearing is a part of a machine that supports or guides a moving part.
1549 Bears and bulls are the popular names for two particular kinds of behaviour among those who invest in
stocks or commodities.
1550
Bearsden and Milngavie (pop. 39,522) is a local government area in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
1551 Beat movement refers to a set of literary, political, and social attitudes principally associated with certain
American writers and artists during the 1950's.
1552 Beating the bounds is the ancient British custom of beating the boundaries of a parish, manor, or other
territorial area.
1553 Beatitudes are sayings of Jesus Christ found in the New Testament of the Bible.
1554 Beatles became the most popular group in rock music history.
1555 Beaton, Sir Cecil (1904-1980), a British artist, designer, and photographer, published many books of
photographic studies.
1556 Beatrix (1938-...) became queen of the Netherlands in 1980.
1557 Beattie, Sir David (1924-...), a New Zealand lawyer, was governor general of New Zealand from 1980 to
1985.
1558 Beaufort, Sir Francis (1774-1857), was an admiral and hydrographer (a scientist who charts and sounds
the seas and lakes and studies their tides and currents).
1559 Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de (1732-1799), a French dramatist, won fame for his comedies
The Barber of Seville (1775) and The Marriage of Figaro.
1560 Beaumont, Francis (1584?-1616), was an English playwright.
1561 Beaurepaire, Sir Frank (1891-1956), was an Australian swimmer, industrialist, and philanthropist.
1562 Beauvoir, Simone de (1908-1986), was a French author.
1563 Beaver is a furry animal with a wide, flat tail that looks like a paddle.
1564 Beaverbrook, Lord (1879-1964), was a Canadian-born newspaper proprietor and politician.
1565 Bebel, August (1841-1913), was a leading German socialist of the 1800's and early 1900's.
1566 Beckenbauer, Franz (1945-...), is a German footballer and manager.
1567 Becker, Boris (1967-...), is a German tennis champion.
1568 Becket, Saint Thomas a (1118?-1170), was an archbishop of Canterbury.
1569 Beckett, James Camlin (1912-...), became a leading Irish historian.
1570 Beckett, Samuel Barclay (1906-1989), was an Irish novelist, playwright, and poet.
1571 Becquerel is the family name of two famed French physicists, grandfather and grandson.
1572 Bed is an article of furniture used for sleeping or resting.
1573 Bed bug is a small, wingless insect that feeds on blood.
1574 Bede (673?-735), also known as The Venerable Bede, was an English historian and theologian (one
who studies God and religion).
1575 Bedford (pop. 71,635) is a town in the southeast midlands of England.
1576 Bedford Borough (pop. 132,000) is a local government district in Bedfordshire, England, administered
from Bedford.
1577 Bedfordshire, in the southeast midlands of England, is one of the smallest English counties.
1578 Bedlam is a place of wild confusion and noise.
1579 Bedlington terrier is a dog that looks somewhat like a lamb.
1580
Bedouins are an Arab people who traditionally were nomadic herders in the deserts of the Middle East.
1581 Bedser, Alec (1918-...), played cricket for Surrey and England.
1582 Bedsore is an ulcer (open sore) in the skin caused by prolonged and excessive pressure.
1583 Bedstraw is one of a group of plants that were once used for mattresses.
1584
Bee is an insect that lives in almost every part of the world except near the North and South poles.
1585 Bee-eater is any member of a family of about 25 species of birds related to kingfishers.
1586 Bee fly is an insect that looks like a bee.
1587 Beebe, Lucius Morris (1902-1966), an American author and newspaperman, became known for his
books about Nevada and the West.
1588 Beebe, William (1877-1962), was a well-known American naturalist and writer.
1589 Beech is a forest tree common to both the northern and southern hemispheres.
1590 Beecham, Sir Thomas (1879-1961), a British conductor, became one of the world's most influential
musicians, even though he received little formal musical education.
1591 Beechworth (pop. 4,966), is a town in the centre of a farming and fruit-growing region in northeastern
Victoria, Australia.
1592 Beef is the meat obtained from mature cattle.
1593 Beefeaters is the nickname for both the Yeomen Warders of the Tower of London, and the Yeomen of
the Guard (see YEOMAN; YEOMEN OF THE GUARD).
1594 Beelzebub was the prince of the demons in the New Testament of the Bible.
1595 Beer is an alcoholic drink usually made from malted barley, hops, yeast, and water.
1596 Beersheba (pop. 141,400), in Israel, is the place where Abraham, the founder of Judaism, settled.
1597 Beet is a plant grown for food.
1598 Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827), was one of the greatest composers in history.
1599 Beetle is one of the most common of all insects.
1600 Beeton, Mrs. (1836-1865), compiled Mrs. Beeton's Household Management (1861).
1601 Bega (pop. 4,294) is a town in southeastern New South Wales, Australia, about 435 kilometres south of
Sydney.
1602
Beggar-ticks, also called beggar's-ticks, are two types of plants that have small, flat, seedlike fruit.
1603 Beggarweed is a branching, rapidly growing plant that grows about 2 metres high.
1604 Begin, Menachem (1913-1992), served as prime minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983.
1605 Begonia is the name of a large group of tropical plants, many of which are common household or garden
plants.
1606 Behan, Brendan (1923-1964), was a flamboyant Irish author.
1607 Behaviour is the way human beings and other organisms act.
1608 Behn, Aphra (1640-1689), was a dramatist, novelist, and poet.
1609 Behrens, Peter (1868-1940), was a German architect famous for his pioneering work in industrial
architecture and design.
1610 Behring, Emil von (1854-1917), a German bacteriologist, won the 1901 Nobel prize in medicine for his
discovery in 1890 of diphtheria antitoxin.
1611 Behrman, S. N. (1893-1973), was an American playwright.
1612
Beiderbecke, Bix (1903-1931), was an American cornet player who became famous for his jazz solos.
1613 Beijing (pop. 7,362,426) is the capital and second largest city of China.
1614 Beirut (pop. 702,000) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
1615 Belafonte, Harry (1927-...), is an American singer and film actor.
1616 Belarus, also spelled Byelarus, is a country in eastern Europe.
1617 Belasco, David (1853?-1931), was a leading American theatrical producer for nearly 40 years.
1618 Belem (pop. 1,203,151; met. area pop. 1,418,061) is the capital of the state of Para in Brazil.
1619
Belfast (pop. 280,972) is the capital city of the province of Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom (UK).
1620 Belgian sheepdog is the general name for four varieties of dogs.
1621 Belgium is a small country in northwestern Europe.
1622 Belgrade (pop. 1,455,046) is the capital and largest city of Yugoslavia.
1623 Belgrano, Manuel (1770-1820), was an Argentine general and revolutionary hero.
1624 Belize is a small country in Central America.
1625 Belize City (pop. 48,400) is the largest city of Belize.
1626
Bell is a hollow, metal vessel in the shape of a cup with a clapper (metal tongue) suspended inside.
1627 Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922), a Scottish-born American inventor and educator, is best known for
his invention of the telephone.
1628
Bell, Andrew (1753-1832), was a Scottish clergyman, who developed a monitorial system of education.
1629 Bell, Sir Charles (1774-1842), a Scottish surgeon, is famous for his pioneering work on the human brain
and nervous system.
1630 Bell, Gertrude (1868-1926), was a British archaeologist and traveller.
1631 Bell, Henry (1767-1830), pioneered steam navigation in Europe.
1632 Bell Bay, a town in northern Tasmania, Australia, owes its existence to its nearness to a deepwater port
and to a plentiful supply of electric power.
1633 Bell-ringing is a highly developed art in the United Kingdom (UK).
1634 Bellamy, Edward (1850-1898), an American author, wrote Looking Backward (1888), one of the most
popular and influential novels of the 1800's.
1635 Bellarmine, Saint Robert Francis Romulus (1542-1621), an Italian Jesuit theologian, defended the rights
of the Roman Catholic Church in an age of absolutism.
1636 Bellbird is a name given to several kinds of birds whose voices sound like the ringing of bells.
1637 Bellingshausen, Fabian von (1778-1852), a Russian naval officer, sailed around the South Polar region
between 1819 and 1821.
1638 Bellini, Gentile (1429?-1507), was an important painter in Venice during the Italian Renaissance.
1639 Bellini, Giovanni (1432?-1516), was the greatest member of the Bellini family of painters in Venice during
the Italian Renaissance.
1640 Bellini, Jacopo (1400?-1470?), was one of the founders of the Renaissance style of painting in Venice
and northern Italy.
1641 Bellini, Vincenzo (1801-1835), was an Italian opera composer.
1642 Belloc, Hilaire (1870-1953), was a British poet, novelist, historian, and essayist.
1643 Bellow, Saul (1915-...), is an American author who has won several major awards for his novels.
1644 Bellows is a wind-making machine.
1645 Bellows, George Wesley (1882-1925), was a leading American artist of the early 1900's.
1646 Bell's palsy is a disease that paralyses one side of the face.
1647 Belmopan (pop. 3,500) is the capital of Belize.
1648 Belo Horizonte (pop. 1,442,483; met. area pop. 2,541,788) is one of the largest cities in Brazil.
1649 Belsen, or Bergen-Belsen, was a German concentration camp during World War II (1939-1945).
1650 Belshazzar was a Babylonian leader who lived during the 500's B.C. The Bible (Dan. 5) identifies him as
the last Babylonian king and the son of Nebuchadnezzar II. Scholars have found no relationship
between Belshazzar and Nebuchadnezzar.
1651 Bemelmans, Ludwig (1898-1962), was an American humorous writer and painter.
1652 Bemis, Samuel Flagg (1891-1973), was an American historian and authority on American diplomatic
history.
1653 Ben Bella, Ahmed (1919-...), was the first president of the Republic of Algeria.
1654 Ben-Gurion, David (1886-1973), served as Israel's first prime minister after it became an independent
nation in 1948.
1655 Ben Lomond is the name of three mountains, one in Scotland and two in Australia.
1656 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in the British Isles.
1657 Ben-Zvi, Izhak (1884-1963), became Israel's second president in 1952.
1658 Benalla (pop. 8,334), is a city in northeastern Victoria, Australia, 190 kilometres from Melbourne.
1659 Benaud, Richie (1930-...), captained the Australian cricket team in 28 tests between 1958 and 1963,
before retiring unbeaten in any test series.
1660 Benavente, Jacinto, (1866-1954), was the outstanding Spanish playwright of the early 1900's.
1661 Benbow, John (1653-1702), was a British admiral known for his courage and fighting spirit.
1662 Bench mark is a permanent and recognizable point that lies at a known elevation.
1663 Benchley, Robert C. (1889-1945), an American humorist, made people see the funny side of everyday
life.
1664 Bendigo (pop. 67,310) is a city in northern Victoria, Australia, 150 kilometres north of Melbourne.
1665 Bendix, Vincent (1882-1945), was an American inventor known especially for the Bendix drive, which
made it practical to use self-starters in cars.
1666 Bends is a painful and dangerous condition caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the bloodstream
and body tissues.
1667 Benedict XV (1854-1922) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1914.
1668 Benedict of Nursia, Saint (480?-547?), was the father of Christian monasticism in the West.
1669 Benedictines are Christian men and women who live according to the rule (guidelines for monastic living)
written by Saint Benedict of Nursia in the early 500's.
1670 Benefit of clergy was a privilege allowed under common law in England to members of the clergy who
were charged with a crime.
1671 Benelux is an economic union formed in 1948 by Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
1672 Benes, Eduard (1884-1948), was cofounder of Czechoslovakia with Tomas Masaryk in 1918.
1673 Benet is the family name of three American writers--two brothers and a sister.
1674 Bengal is a region in Asia.
1675 Benghazi, or, in Arabic, Banghazi (pop. 267,700; met. area pop. 485,386), is the second largest city of
Libya.
1676 Benin is a country on the west coast of Africa.
1677 Benin was a West African kingdom that flourished from the mid-1400's to the mid-1600's in the forest
region of what is now Nigeria.
1678 Benjamin was the youngest and, next to Joseph, favourite son of Jacob.
1679 Benjamin, Arthur (1893-1960), was an Australian-born composer.
1680 Benjedid, Chadli (1929-...), was elected president of Algeria in 1979.
1681 Benn, Tony (1925-...), a British Labour Party politician, became famous for his left-wing views.
1682 Bennelong (1763?-1813), an Aborigine, was a contemporary of Arthur Phillip, the first governor of New
South Wales, in Australia.
1683 Bennett, Alan (1934-...), is a British playwright, actor and director.
1684 Bent was the name of two brothers, Jeffrey Hart Bent (1780-1852) and Ellis Bent (1783-1815).
1685 Bennett, Donald (1910-...), was an Australian pilot who became an air vice marshal in the United
Kingdom's (UK'S) Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1943.
1686 Bennett, Arnold (1867-1931), was an English novelist and playwright.
1687 Bennett, Gordon (1887-1962), an Australian Army officer, commanded the Eighth Division when
Japanese invaders trapped it in Malaya during World War II (1939-1945).
1688 Bennett, Richard Rodney (1936-...), is one of England's most versatile composers.
1689
Bennett, William Andrew Cecil (1900-1979), served as premier of British Columbia from 1952 to 1972.
1690 Benny, Jack (1894-1974), was an American radio and television comedian.
1691 Benoni (pop. 113,501) is a town within the urban complex of Witwatersrand in Gauteng province in
South Africa.
1692 Benson is the name of a British family of churchmen and scholars, a father and three sons.
1693 Bent is the name of many related kinds of grasses that have rough stems, small flowers, and seeds that
grow in delicate, airy clusters.
1694
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832), an English philosopher, founded the philosophy known as utilitarianism.
1695 Bentley, Dick (1907-1995), an Australian comedian, appeared in most of the principal theatres in
Australia and the United Kingdom.
1696 Bentley, E. C. (1875-1956), was a British author best known for his detective stories and nonsense
verse.
1697 Bentley, Phyllis (1894-1977), was a British novelist whose most successful works portray Yorkshire
characters, their lives, and their backgrounds.
1698 Benton, Thomas Hart (1889-1975), was an American painter.
1699 Benton, William Burnett (1900-1973), was an American businessman and politician.
1700 Bentonite is a type of clay that swells to several times its original size when wet.
1701 Benz, Karl (1844-1929), a German engineer, pioneered the building of motor-driven vehicles.
1702 Benzene is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour.
1703 Benzine is a clear, colourless liquid obtained in refining petroleum.
1704 Beowulf is an epic poem that is considered the first great work of English literature.
1705 Berbers are a people of northwest Africa and the Sahara.
1706 Berchtesgaden (pop. 8,345) is a German health spa and market town in the Bavarian Alps.
1707 Berdyaev, Nicolas (1874-1948), was a Russian religious and political thinker.
1708 Berg, Alban (1885-1935), was an Austrian composer.
1709 Berg, Patty (1918-...), an American golfer, became the top tournament winner in the history of women's
golf.
1710 Bergamot is a name that is given to several plants.
1711 Bergen (pop. 208,915) is the second largest city in Norway.
1712 Bergen, Edgar (1903-1978), an American entertainer became one of the most popular ventriloquists of
all time.
1713 Bergius, Friedrich (1884-1949), a German chemist, shared the 1931 Nobel prize for chemistry with Carl
Bosch.
1714 Bergman, Ingmar (1918-...), is a Swedish film director.
1715 Bergman, Ingrid (1915-1982), was a film actress best known for her beauty and her convincing
portrayals of innocent women of integrity.
1716 Bergson, Henri (1859-1941), was a French philosopher.
1717 Beria, Lavrenti Pavlovitch (1899-1953), was the chief of the Soviet secret police.
1718 Beriberi is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin B-1, or thiamine.
1719
Bering, Vitus (1680-1741), a Danish navigator, proved that Asia and America are separated by water.
1720 Bering Sea, part of the North Pacific Ocean, lies north of the Aleutian Islands between Alaska and
Siberia.
1721
Bering Sea controversy was a dispute between the United States and Great Britain in the late 1800's.
1722 Berkeley, George (1685-1753), was an Irish-born Anglican bishop and philosopher.
1723 Berkeley, Sir Lennox (1903-1989), a British composer, was professor of composition at the Royal
Academy of Music from 1946 to 1968.
1724 Berkeley, Sir William (1606-1677), was a colonial governor of Virginia in North America.
1725 Berkelium is an artificially created radioactive element.
1726 Berkshire is a historical county in central southern England.
1727 Berlin is Germany's capital and largest city.
1728 Berlin, Congress of, was a meeting of leaders from the important countries of Europe in 1878 to decide
what to do with the Balkan regions controlled by the Turkish-based Ottoman Empire.
1729 Berlin, Irving (1888-1989), composed many of the most famous American popular songs.
1730 Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to divide the two parts of the city of Berlin--Communist East Berlin and non-
Communist West Berlin.
1731 Berliner, Emile (1851-1929), invented a telephone transmitter in 1877.
1732 Berlioz, Hector (1803-1869), was a French composer.
1733 Berlusconi, Silvio (1936-...), served as prime minister of Italy for eight months in 1994.
1734 Bermuda, a dependency of the United Kingdom, is a group of coral islands in the Atlantic Ocean.
1735 Bermuda Triangle, also called Devil's Triangle, is an area of sea off the southeastern coast of Florida,
U.S.A., where many ships and aeroplanes have disappeared.
1736 Bern (pop. 136,338; met. area pop. 332,494), also spelled Berne, is the capital of both Switzerland and
the Swiss canton (state) of Bern.
1737 Bernadette, Saint (1844-1879), is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.
1738 Bernadotte, Folke (1895-1948), Count of Wisborg, was a Swedish diplomat who became well known for
his work in exchanging World War II (1939-1945) prisoners.
1739 Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules (1763-1844), a French soldier who became one of Napoleon
Bonaparte's marshals, founded the present Swedish royal line.
1740 Bernal, John Desmond (1901-1971), an Irish physicist, inspired the analysis of biological substances by
X rays.
1741 Bernard, Claude (1813-1878), was the leading French physiologist of his day and founder of modern
experimental physiology.
1742 Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint (1090-1153), was a Christian theologian and a leader of the Cistercian
religious order.
1743 Bernborough was one of Australia's greatest racehorses.
1744 Bernese mountain dog is a long-haired dog.
1745 Bernhardt, Sarah (1844-1923), a French actress, was one of the great international stage stars of her
time.
1746
Bernier, Joseph Elzear (1852-1934), was a Canadian explorer known for his voyages to the Arctic.
1747 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo (1598-1680), an Italian sculptor, was probably the most famous artist of the
1600's.
1748 Bernoulli was the family name of three Swiss mathematicians: two brothers, Jakob and Johann, and
Johann's son Daniel.
1749 Bernoulli's principle, also called Bernoulli's law or Bernoulli's theorem, states that energy is conserved in
a moving fluid (liquid or gas).
1750 Bernstein, Leonard (1918-1990), was an American conductor, composer, and pianist.
1751 Berri (pop. 6,678), is a town in South Australia.
1752 Berrima is a town in New South Wales, Australia.
1753 Berry as defined by botanists, is a fleshy, many-seeded fruit.
1754 Berry, Chuck (1926-...), is an American singer, composer, and guitarist.
1755 Berryman, John (1914-1972), was an American poet and critic.
1756 Berthelot, Marcelin (1827-1907), was a French chemist.
1757 Bertrand, John (1946-...), an Australian yachtsman, was skipper of Australia II, which won the America's
Cup in 1983.
1758 Berwick, Treaty of (1639), ended an attempt by King Charles I of England to compel Scotland to accept
the English Prayer Book and English forms of worship.
1759 Berwick-upon-Tweed (pop. 26,400) is an English local government district in Northumberland, on the
River Tweed.
1760 Berwickshire is a rich farming area in the southeastern corner of Scotland.
1761 Beryl is a hard mineral used for centuries as a gemstone.
1762 Beryllium, a chemical element with symbol Be, is a rare, light-grey metal.
1763 Berzelius, Jons Jakob (1779-1848), a noted Swedish chemist, made valuable contributions to the
development of the atomic theory.
1764 Besant, Annie Wood (1847-1933), was a British social reformer and a leader of a philosophical
movement called theosophy.
1765 Bess of Hardwick (1518-1608), was the popular name of Elizabeth Hardwick, who became one of the
wealthiest women in England by outliving four husbands and inheriting most of their estates.
1766 Bessarabia is a historical region in eastern Europe.
1767 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784-1846), was a German astronomer and mathematician.
1768 Bessemer, Sir Henry (1813-1898), a British inventor and manufacturer, developed the Bessemer
process of converting pig iron to steel.
1769 Bessey, Charles Edwin (1845-1915), an American botanist, was a great teacher whose ideas on plant
evolution influenced botanical progress.
1770 Best, Charles Herbert (1899-1978), a Canadian physiologist, was a principal discoverer of the hormone
insulin.
1771 Beta-blocker is a type of drug that plays a major role in the treatment of various heart disorders.
1772 Beta particle is an electron given off by the nucleus of a radioactive atom when it undergoes a nuclear
transformation.
1773 Betatron is a machine for accelerating electrons to high speeds for nuclear physics experiments.
1774 Betel is a preparation made from a palm tree and a vine plant grown in Asia.
1775 Betelgeuse, also called Alpha Orionis, is one of the brightest stars in the constellation of Orion.
1776 Bethe, Hans Albrecht (1906-...), an American physicist, won the Nobel Prize in 1967 for his explanation
of how energy is produced in the sun and stars.
1777 Bethlehem (pop. 16,313) is a town about 8 kilometres south of Jerusalem in a region of the Middle East
called the West Bank.
1778 Bethune, Mary McLeod (1875-1955), an American black educator, devoted her life to the improvement
of educational opportunities for blacks.
1779 Bethune, Norman (1890-1939), a Canadian surgeon, became a national hero of China because of his
medical service there.
1780 Betjeman, Sir John (1906-1984), was probably the best-selling English poet of the 1900's.
1781 Bettelheim, Bruno (1903-1990), was an Austrian-born, American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who
gained fame for his work with emotionally disturbed children.
1782 Betti, Ugo (1892-1953), was one of the leading Italian playwrights of the 1900's.
1783 Bevan, Aneurin (1897-1960), was a leading British Labour politician during the 1940's and 1950's.
1784 Beveridge, Lord (1879-1963), William Henry Beveridge, Baron Beveridge of Tuggal, was a British
economist and Liberal politician.
1785 Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah (1862-1927), an American statesman and historian, won the 1920 Pulitzer
Prize for his book The Life of John Marshall.
1786 Beverley (pop. 109,500) is a local government district in Humberside, in the United Kingdom.
1787 Beverly Hills (pop. 31,971) is a city in southern California, U.S.A. that is famous as the home of many
film stars and other wealthy people.
1788 Bevin, Ernest (1881-1951), was a British trade union leader and prominent Labour Party member.
1789 Bewick, Thomas (1753-1828), was the most important wood engraver in English art.
1790 Bexley (pop. 211,200) is a borough within the Greater London area in the United Kingdom.
1791 Bhagavad-Gita is one of the major sacred works of Hinduism.
1792 Bhavabhuti, one of India's greatest dramatists, lived in the late A.D. 600's or early 700's.
1793 Bhubaneswar (pop. 411,542) is an Indian city, which is a centre for Hindu pilgrimage.
1794 Bhumibol Adulyadej (1927-...) became king of Thailand in 1946.
1795 Bhutan is a small, developing independent country in south-central Asia.
1796 Bhutto, Benazir (1953-...), served as prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 until 1990, and from 1993 to
1996.
1797 Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali (1928-1979), was president and prime minister of Pakistan from 1971 to 1977.
1798 Bialik, Chaim Nachman (1873-1934), is considered the greatest poet in modern Hebrew literature.
1799 Biathlon is a winter sport that combines cross-country ski racing and rifle marksmanship.
1800 Bibby, Lionel (1892-1967), an Australian marksman and exhibition shooter, performed amazing feats
with pistols, rifles, and shotguns.
1801 Bible is the most sacred book of the Jewish and Christian religions.
1802 Bibliography is a list of books or articles about a subject.
1803 Bibliotheque Nationale is one of the largest libraries in Europe.
1804 Bicameral legislature refers to a system of government in which the lawmaking body is divided into two
separate groups.
1805 Bicarbonate of soda, also known as baking soda and sodium bicarbonate, is a stomach alkalizer and
soothes skin irritations.
1806 Bichat, Marie Francois Xavier (1771-1802), was a French surgeon, anatomist, and physiologist.
1807 Bichir is an African freshwater fish.
1808 Bichon frise is a breed of toy dog with a distinctive white coat of silky curls.
1809 Bicol is a peninsula located in southeastern Luzon, in the Philippines.
1810 Bicycle is a vehicle with two wheels mounted one behind the other on a frame.
1811 Biedermeier is the name of a style of design that developed in the German-speaking countries of Europe
during the early 1800's.
1812 Biennial is a plant that requires two years or two growing seasons to complete its life cycle.
1813 Bierce, Ambrose Gwinett (1842-1914?), was an American writer and journalist.
1814 Bierstadt, Albert (1830-1902), was one of the greatest American romantic landscape painters.
1815 Big Ben is the great bell in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament in London.
1816 Big Brother Movement is an organization that assists British boys to settle in Australia.
1817 Big Five refers to the five permanent members of the Security Council of the United Nations (UN).
1818 Bigamy is the crime a man or woman commits by being married to two (or more) people at the same
time.
1819 Bigfoot is a humanlike creature said to live in the Pacific Northwest of North America.
1820 Bigge, John Thomas (1780-1843), was appointed commissioner to inquire into the affairs of New South
Wales, Australia, in 1819.
1821 Bighorn is a species of wild sheep found only in North America.
1822 Bignonia is the name of an American family of climbing shrubs, vines, and trees.
1823 Bihar is one of India's poorest states and the most densely populated.
1824 Bihzad, Kamal ad-Din (1450-1537), was the most famous of the Persian miniature painters.
1825 Bikini Atoll is an isolated atoll (ring-shaped reef) in the northwestern Marshall Islands group in the Pacific
Ocean.
1826 Biko, Steve (1946-1977) was a black leader in the fight against apartheid and white minority rule in
South Africa.
1827 Bilbao (pop. 433,030), a city in north-central Spain, is the capital of Vizcaya province.
1828 Bile is a fluid secreted by the liver.
1829 Bill comes from the Latin word bulla, a seal that was used on documents during the Middle Ages.
1830 Bill of exchange is a written order signed by the party ordering it, which directs a second party to pay to a
third party a fixed sum of money at a certain time.
1831 Bill of health is a certificate issued and signed by designated port authorities.
1832 Bill of lading is a written receipt for goods sent by means of public transport.
1833 Bill of rights is a document that describes the fundamental liberties of the people.
1834 Bill of sale is a formal written statement by which a seller may transfer to a purchaser the title to an item
of personal property.
1835 Billabong is a pool or small lake in Australia.
1836 Billiards and snooker are two popular indoor games played on a rectangular table.
1837 Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913), an American physician and librarian, was one of the most versatile
men of his generation.
1838
Billingsgate, London's principal fish market, lies in the city's dockland area, at a site on the Isle of Dogs.
1839 Billion is a thousand million, or 1,000,000,000.
1840 Billroth, Albert Christian Theodor (1829-1894), a German-born surgeon, became noted for his work in
pathology, wound infections, and gastrointestinal tract surgery.
1841 Billy buttons is an Australian name applied to a number of kinds of daisies.
1842 Billy the Kid (1859-1881) was an American cattle thief and killer in New Mexico, U.S.A. He boasted of 21
killings.
1843 Biloela (pop. 6,174), is a town in the Fitzroy basin in Queensland, Australia.
1844 Binaburra is the name of a tree that grows in the rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland in
Australia, and in New Zealand.
1845
Binary star, or double star, is a pair of stars that are close together and cannot escape from each other.
1846 Bindweed is a perennial weedy plant related to the morning-glory.
1847 Binet, Alfred (1857-1911), a French psychologist, did much to arouse interest in the psychological study
of children.
1848 Bing, Sir Rudolf (1902-1988), served as manager of the Metropolitan Opera Association of New York
City from 1950 to 1972.
1849 Bingara (pop. 1,363), is a small town about 145 kilometres northwest of Tamworth in New South Wales,
Australia.
1850 Bingham, George Caleb (1811-1879), was a leading American painter of genre subjects (scenes from
everyday life).
1851 Bingo is a popular game of chance, especially among the elderly.
1852 Binoculars are two small, identical telescopes joined side by side so a person can look through one with
each eye.
1853 Binomial theorem is an important algebraic formula.
1854 Binturong is a tree-living animal that belongs to the civet family (see CIVET).
1855 Binyon, Laurence (1869-1943), was a British poet and art expert.
1856 Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that take place in all living things.
1857 Biodiversity is the variety that exists among organisms and their environments.
1858 Biofeedback is a method of learning to control body processes that are not ordinarily thought of as being
under voluntary control.
1859 Biogenesis is a term in biology that is derived from two Greek words meaning life and birth.
1860 Biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else.
1861 Biological clock is a popular name given to a mysterious timing system that operates in plants and
animals.
1862 Biology is the scientific study of living things.
1863 Bioluminescence is the ability of certain living things to give off light.
1864 Biomass is any organic material that can be converted into energy.
1865 Biome is a plant and animal community that covers a large geographical area.
1866 Biomedical engineering is a field that uses engineering knowledge to solve problems in biology and
medicine.
1867 Bionics is a term that was originally applied to a variety of scientific projects involving biological systems,
engineering systems, and artificial intelligence (see ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE).
1868 Biophysics is a field of biology that applies the tools and techniques of physics to the study of life
processes.
1869
Biopsy is a medical technique by which living tissue is obtained for examination under the microscope.
1870 Biorhythm is a term that refers to any cycle of changes in the functions of organisms.
1871 Biosynthesis is the process by which living cells manufacture complicated chemical compounds from
simpler substances.
1872 Biotechnology is the term for techniques of managing biological systems for human benefit.
1873 Birch is the name of a group of about 40 slender trees and shrubs that grow in parts of Europe, northern
Asia and North America.
1874 Birch, William (1934-...), a New Zealand politician, became the National Party's minister of finance
following the 1993 general election, and is credited with significant improvements in New Zealand's
economic performance and government finances.
1875 Birchip is an administrative centre and service town located some 512 kilometres northwest of
Melbourne in the southern Mallee district of Victoria, Australia.
1876 Bird is an animal with feathers.
1877 Bird, Nancy (1915-...), became the youngest woman in the British Empire to obtain a commercial pilot's
licence.
1878 Bird Day was a special day set apart by each Australian state to foster interest in bird life.
1879
Bird of paradise is the name given to certain kinds of birds with plumage of many dazzling colours.
1880 Bird-of-paradise flower is a small plant of South Africa with orange-and-blue flowers and banana-shaped
leaves.
1881 Birdcatching spider is a large spider of Indonesia and New Guinea.
1882 Bird's-nest soup is a famous Chinese dish.
1883 Birdseye, Clarence (1886-1956), pioneered the development of packaged frozen foods.
1884 Birdsfoot trefoil is a perennial plant that is native to temperate regions of Europe and Asia.
1885 Birdsville, a small town in western Queensland, Australia, lies on the Diamantina River, about 10
kilometres from the border of South Australia.
1886
Birdwood, William Riddell (1865-1951), Baron of Anzac and Totnes, commanded the Australian and
New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) in Egypt, Gallipoli, and France during World War I (1914-1918).
1887 Birkbeck, George (1776-1841), was a British doctor and educationist.
1888 Birkenhead, Lord (1872-1930), was a British lawyer and Conservative politician.
1889 Birkett, Lord (1883-1962), was an eminent British barrister and judge.
1890
Birling, or logrolling, originated in the 1840's in lumber camps in Canada and the northern United States.
1891 Birmingham (pop. 934,900; met. area pop. 2,500,400) is the second largest city in Britain.
1892 Birmingham (pop. 265,968; met. area pop. 907,810) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Alabama and a
leading steel-making, educational, and medical centre.
1893 Birmingham, George A. (1865-1950), was the pen name of James Owen Hannay, an Irish novelist and
clergyman.
1894 Birth and death rates are important measurements of population changes.
1895 Birth control is a term that includes all methods used to regulate or prevent the birth of children.
1896
Birth defect, sometimes called congenital defect, is an abnormal condition that a baby has at birth.
1897 Birthmark is a skin blemish that is present at birth or develops shortly thereafter.
1898 Birthstone is a gem associated with a month of the year.
1899 Birtles, Francis (1882-1941), was an Australian adventurer.
1900 Biscoe, John (1794-1843), a British explorer, discovered and named Enderby Land, the part of
Antarctica nearest to Africa.
1901 Bishkek (pop. 626,000) is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan, a country in central Asia.
1902 Bishop, in some Christian churches, is a high-ranking official who administers an area containing a
number of churches.
1903 Bishop, John (1903-1964), a noted Australian conductor and music teacher, was director of the Elder
Conservatorium, in Adelaide, South Australia, from 1948 to 1964.
1904 Bismarck was a German battleship sunk by the British in one of the most important naval actions of
World War II.
1905 Bismarck, Otto von (1815-1898), Prince Bismarck-Schonhausen, a Prussian statesman, united the
German states into one empire.
1906 Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
1907 Bismuth, a chemical element, is a brittle, white metal with a pink tint.
1908 Bissau (pop. 109,214) is the capital, chief port, and largest city of Guinea-Bissau.
1909 Bithynia was an ancient country in Asia Minor.
1910 Bitter root is a small perennial plant with juicy leaves, a fleshy stalk, and a single rose coloured or white
flower.
1911 Bittern is any of about 12 species of marsh-dwelling birds in the heron family.
1912 Bitternut, also called swamp hickory, is a handsome, medium or large hickory tree with a bitter-tasting
nut.
1913
Bitters is the term for certain liquids extracted from bitter herbs, leaves, barks, roots, or flower heads.
1914 Bittersweet is the name of two unrelated vinelike plants.
1915 Bitumen is a term used for many substances composed chiefly of carbon and hydrogen.
1916 Bituminous sands, are deposits of sand that contain bitumen.
1917 Bizerte (pop. 94,509) is a Tunisian port on the Mediterranean Sea.
1918 Bizet, Georges (1838-1875), a French composer, wrote Carmen (1875), perhaps the most popular opera
of all time.
1919 Bjelke-Petersen, Sir Johannes (1911-...), a member of the National Party of Australia, was premier of
Queensland from 1968 to 1987.
1920 Bjoerling, Jussi (1911-1960), was a Swedish operatic tenor who was famous for the elegance of his light,
lyrical voice.
1921 Bjornson, Bjornstjerne (1832-1910), was a Norwegian poet, novelist, and playwright.
1922 Blaby (pop. 81,900) is a small English local government district in Leicestershire, south and west of the
city of Leicester.
1923 Black, Davidson (1884-1934), a Canadian anatomist and physical anthropologist, discovered and
interpreted the fossilized bones that represent the extinct form of human being known as Sinanthropus
pekinensis (see PEKING MAN).
1924 Black, Joseph (1728-1799), a Scottish doctor and chemist, first explained the nature of caustic and mild
alkalis (hydroxides and carbonates) and identified carbon dioxide as a distinct gas.
1925 Black and tan coonhound is a breed of dog that originated in America.
1926 Black and Tans were members of an auxiliary police force recruited from ex-soldiers in Britain for service
in Ireland in 1920 and 1921.
1927 Black codes were state laws regulating the activities of blacks in the southern United States after the
Civil War.
1928 Black Country is a region in England that includes southern Staffordshire, northern Hereford and
Worcester, and part of the West Midlands.
1929
Black Death was an epidemic of bubonic plague in Europe in the 1300's. (see BUBONIC PLAGUE).
1930 Black-eyed Susan, also called yellow daisy, is a small wild flower with orange-yellow rays and purpleblack,
cone-shaped centres.
1931 Black Forest is a mountain district in southwestern Germany, covered with forests of dark fir and spruce
trees.
1932 Black Friday refers to two different Fridays in the history of the United States, each of which led to a
financial emergency.
1933 Black haw, also called stagbush, is a shrub or small tree that grows in the eastern and southern United
States.
1934 Black Hawk (1767-1838), a Sauk Indian, was noted for his struggle against the westward movement of
the white settlers in Illinois, North America.
1935 Black hole is a collapsed object, such as a star, that has become invisible.
1936 Black lung is a disabling lung disease that afflicts coal miners.
1937 Black market is the sale or distribution of goods or currency in violation of ceiling prices, quotas,
rationing, and priorities established by a government.
1938 Black Muslims is a name that has been used for members of several related religious groups in the
United States.
1939 Black Rod is the abbreviated title of the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, an official of the House of
Lords of the UK Parliament.
1940 Black Sea is a large body of water that is bounded by Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, and
Romania.
1941 Black Shirt is a name formerly used for a Fascist Party member of the action group in Italy.
1942 Black snake usually refers to the red-bellied black snake in Australia.
1943 Black soil plains occur in various parts of Australia.
1944 Black stump is a term used in Australia to refer to an imaginary place on the fringe of civilization.
1945 Black swan is a water bird that is completely black, except for white patches on its wings and its red bill
and eyes.
1946 Black Thursday, Feb. 6, 1851, was the date when one of the most devastating bushfires in the history of
the state of Victoria, Australia, reached its peak.
1947 Black Tuesday, Feb. 7, 1967, is remembered in Tasmania, Australia, as the day bushfires invaded
Hobart on a scale never before experienced in an Australian urban area.
1948 Black widow is the most dangerous spider in North America.
1949 Blackall, Samuel (1809-1871), was governor of Queensland, Australia, from 1868 to 1871.
1950 Blackbeard (?-1718), a British pirate, received his name from his habit of braiding his long, black beard
and tying the braids with ribbon.
1951 Blackberry is a small round fruit that grows on a flowering shrub or a trailing vine.
1952 Blackbird is any of several kinds of small birds, belonging mainly to two families, whose plumage--at
least in the males--is black.
1953 Blackbirders were men who kidnapped Pacific Islanders to work on sugar and cotton plantations in
Queensland, Australia, and in Fiji.
1954 Blackboy is a name commonly used in Australia for any species of Xanthorrhoea.
1955 Blackbuck is a graceful antelope that lives in India and Pakistan.
1956 Blackburn (pop. 132,800) is an industrial town in southern Lancashire, England.
1957 Blackburn, James (1803-1854), an Australian engineer and architect, became famous for his Gothic
design for churches.
1958 Blacket, Edmund (1817-1883), was an Australian architect who designed many fine buildings in the early
years of Sydney's development.
1959 Blackfish is the common name for several fishes, such as the Alaska blackfish and the tautog.
1960 Blackmail is a crime in which a person, using written or spoken threats to frighten someone, demands
money or property to which he or she is not entitled.
1961 Blackman, Charles (1928-...), an Australian artist, made many drawings based on the theme of the
schoolgirl.
1962
Blackmore, R. D. (1825-1900), a British author, wrote the popular romantic novel Lorna Doone in 1869.
1963 Blackpool (pop. 144,500) is a popular British seaside resort in western Lancashire on the Irish Sea
coast.
1964
Blacksmith is a person who makes and repairs iron objects by hammering them by hand on an anvil.
1965 Blackstone, Sir William (1723-1780), an English judge, author, and professor, won recognition for his
Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769).
1966 Blackthorn is a spiny, branching shrub of the rose family.
1967 Blacktrackers were Australian Aborigines once widely employed by Australian police forces to track
fleeing criminals or find people lost in the bush.
1968 Blackwater is the name of several rivers in Ireland and the United Kingdom.
1969
Blackwell, Antoinette Brown (1825-1921), was the first ordained woman minister in the United States.
1970
Blackwell, Elizabeth (1821-1910), was the first woman in the United States to receive a medical degree.
1971 Blackwood, Algernon (1869-1951), was a British novelist and short-story writer who specialized in ghost
stories and other tales of the supernatural.
1972 Bladder is the common name for the urinary bladder, a hollow muscular organ that stores urine before
expelling it from the body.
1973 Bladderwort is the name of a group of water or marsh plants that grow throughout the world.
1974 Blaenau Gwent (pop. 74,400) is a local government area in south Wales, administered from the town of
Ebbw Vale.
1975 Blair, Harold (1924-1976), an Australian dramatic tenor, became the first Australian Aborigine to gain a
diploma in music and a worldwide reputation as a singer.
1976 Blair, Tony (1953-...), became prime minister of the United Kingdom (UK) in 1997.
1977 Blair Athol is the site of a small, but economically important coal basin in Queensland, Australia.
1978 Blake, Robert (1598-1657), was an English soldier who became a great naval leader.
1979
Blake, William (1757-1827), was a brilliant but unconventional English poet, engraver, and painter.
1980 Blakelock, Ralph Albert (1847-1919), was an American landscape painter.
1981 Blamey, Sir Thomas (1884-1951), an Australian soldier, gained distinction when he was appointed
commander of the Allied land forces in the southwestern Pacific during World War II.
1982 Blanch, Stuart (1918-...), was Archbishop of York from 1975 to 1983.
1983 Blanchard, Jean-Pierre (1753-1809), a French aviation pioneer, proposed heavier-than-air machines in
1781.
1984 Blanching, in gardening, is a method of eliminating the green colour of certain vegetables.
1985
Bland, Kenneth Colin (1938-...), a South African cricketer, was one of the game's greatest fielders.
1986 Bland, James A. (1854-1911), was a black American composer.
1987 Bland, Richard Parks (1835-1899), an American statesman known as Silver Dick, was a leader in the
movement for free coinage of silver.
1988 Blank verse is poetry written in unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
1989 Blarney Stone is a block of limestone in Blarney Castle, near Cork, Ireland.
1990 Blasco Ibanez, Vicente (1867-1928), was a Spanish novelist.
1991 Blasket Islands are a group of seven small islands situated about 19 kilometres off the coast of Kerry, in
the Republic of Ireland.
1992
Blatch, Harriot Eaton Stanton (1856-1940), was a leader of the American woman suffrage movement.
1993 Blaxland, Gregory (1778-1853), an Australian pioneer, became famous as one of the first men to cross
the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia.
1994 Blazing star is the name of a group of wild flowers.
1995 Bleach is any substance that lightens, brightens, or removes the colour from a material.
1996 Bleeding is the escape of blood from the blood vessels.
1997
Bleeding heart is a plant that bears heart-shaped rosy-red, pink, or white flowers in the late spring.
1998 Blenheim (pop. 23,637), is the chief town of the region of Marlborough, in the northeastern corner of the
South Island of New Zealand.
1999 Blenheim, Battle of, was fought on Aug. 13, 1704.
2000 Blennerhassett, Harman (1765-1831), a North American colonist, was one of the principal supporters of
Aaron Burr's colonizing expedition to the West.
2001 Bleriot, Louis (1872-1936), a French aviation pioneer, made the first flight across the English Channel on
July 25, 1909.
2002 Bligh, William (1754-1817), was a British naval officer and colonial governor.
2003 Blight is a condition of diseased plants in which whole parts of the plant die and wilt but do not rot or fall
off.
2004 Blimp is a small airship.
2005 Blimp, Colonel, was a cartoon character created by Sir David Low (1891-1963).
2006 Blind spot is a small area of blindness that is present in the field of vision of the normal eye.
2007 Blindfish is the name of several kinds of small fish that live in waters in and near caves in the eastern
United States.
2008 Blindness is the total or partial inability to see.
2009 Blindworm is the common name of a type of legless lizard that lives in Europe, western Asia, and
northern Africa.
2010 Bliss, Sir Arthur (1891-1975), was a British composer.
2011 Blister is a puffy, raised area of skin filled with fluid.
2012 Blitz was the name given during World War II (1939-1945) to the German attempt to force the United
Kingdom to surrender by bombing its chief cities.
2013 Blitzkrieg was a type of fast-moving warfare developed by the Germans during World War II (1939-
1945).
2014 Blizzard is a blinding snowstorm with strong, cold winds.
2015 Block and tackle is a device used to lift weights and to exert large forces.
2016 Block printing is a method of reproducing a picture in which the artist uses a thin block of wood, linoleum,
or similar material to make the image.
2017 Blockade is the patrolling of an enemy country's coasts by warships and planes to keep the country from
receiving the goods it needs to wage war.
2018 Bloemfontein (pop. 126,867; met. area pop. 300,150) is the judicial capital of South Africa.
2019 Blood is the life-giving fluid that flows through the human body.
2020 Blood count is a test to determine the number of red and white cells in the blood.
2021 Blood poisoning is a disease involving infectious bacteria or bacterial toxins in the bloodstream.
2022 Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries.
2023 Blood transfusion is the transfer of the blood of one person into the body of another.
2024 Bloodhound is a breed of dogs that have a keen sense of smell.
2025 Bloodletting is the process of drawing blood from the body in the treatment of disease.
2026 Bloodroot is a spring flower which grows in North America.
2027 Bloody Assize (1685) was the name given to the assize that tried those accused of taking part in
Monmouth's Rebellion in England.
2028 Bloomer, Amelia Jenks (1818-1894), an American temperance reformer and advocate of women's
rights, became famous in 1851 for her "Turkish pantaloons," called bloomers.
2029 Bloomfield, Leonard (1887-1949), was a leading American linguist who developed scientific methods for
the study of language.
2030 Bloomsbury Group was an informal association of English intellectuals who met frequently from about
1905 to about 1930.
2031 Blow, John (1649?-1708), was an outstanding English composer of church music.
2032 Blow fly is the name of several kinds of flies.
2033 Blowlamp is a device that directs a flame of burning petrol or alcohol under pressure.
2034 Blowpipe is a wooden tube through which a poisoned dart or clay ball is blown.
2035 Blubber is a thick layer of fat that lies under the skin and over the muscles of whales, dolphins,
porpoises, seals, sea cows, and other sea mammals.
2036 Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von (1742-1819), was a Prussian marshal, whose arrival with
reinforcements helped the British defeat Napoleon's army at the Battle of Waterloo (see WATERLOO,
BATTLE OF).
2037 Blue, Billy (?-1834), a part-Jamaican black man, became the first ferryman in Sydney, Australia.
2038 Blue baby is a term used to describe a newborn infant whose skin appears blue.
2039 Blue book is the general name for many government publications in Britain, including reports of
committees and commissions, trade statistics, and diplomatic reports.
2040 Blue-bottle is the familiar name in Australia and New Zealand for a stinging animal that drifts on the
surface of warm seas.
2041 Blue crab is often used for food in the eastern United States.
2042 Blue jay is a common bird of the eastern half of the United States and Canada.
2043 Blue Lake is situated in the steep-sided depression of the old volcanic cone of Mt. Gambier, in South
Australia.
2044 Blue Mountains rise about 65 kilometres west of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.
2045 Blue Ridge Mountains are eastern ranges of the Appalachian Mountain System in the Eastern United
States.
2046 Blue-ringed octopus are commonly found along the southern Australian coast.
2047 Blue-tongued lizards are stout-bodied Australian lizards named after their bright-blue tongue, which they
display when they are angry or alarmed.
2048 Blue wrens, or fairy wrens, are small Australian birds, weighing about 10 grams.
2049 Bluebell is any of various plants that bear blue, bell-shaped flowers.
2050 Blueberry is a small, sweet fruit that grows on a shrub of the same name.
2051 Bluebird is a small, colourful North American songbird.
2052
Bluefish is a food fish that lives in most tropical and warm temperate seas except the east Pacific Ocean.
2053 Bluegrass is the name given to several kinds of wild and cultivated grasses.
2054 Bluenose was a Canadian fishing schooner that won five consecutive International Fisherman's races
between Canada and the United States.
2055 Blueprint is a duplicate, or copy, of the original plans for a building or other construction work.
2056 Blues are a kind of music that developed in America from the various musical expressions of blacks who
were taken to the country as slaves during the 1600's.
2057 Bluet is a small wild flower of eastern North America, found from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico.
2058 Bluey is an Australian slang term with several meanings.
2059 Bluff (pop. 2,537), is a town in the extreme south of the South Island of New Zealand.
2060 Blume, Judy (1938-...), is an American author of books for children and adults.
2061 Blundell, Sir Denis (1907-1984), was a distinguished New Zealand lawyer, sportsman, soldier, and
diplomat.
2062 Blunden, Edmund (1896-1974), an English poet, won a high reputation for his brilliant book about World
War I, Undertones of War (1928).
2063 Blunderbuss is a European musket or harquebus with a bell-shaped muzzle.
2064 Blunkett, David (1947-...), a British Labour politician, became secretary of state for education and
employment in 1997.
2065 Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen (1840-1922), an English poet and author, rebelled against authority and
particularly against British imperialism.
2066 Blushing causes the face and neck to redden and become warm.
2067 Blyth Valley (pop. 78,000), a local government district in Northumberland, England, includes the
industrial port of Blyth.
2068 Blythe, Ernest (1889-1975), was an Irish politician who devoted his life to the Irish national movement
and to the preservation of the Irish language.
2069 Blyton, Enid (1896?-1968), was a British author of children's books.
2070 B'nai B'rith is the oldest and largest international Jewish service organization.
2071 Bo tree is the sacred tree of India.
2072 Boa constrictor is a large snake that inhabits tropical parts of the Americas.
2073 Boabdil (?-1533?) was the last Moorish king of Granada, now a province of southern Spain.
2074 Boadicea (?-A.D. 62), was queen of the Iceni, a tribe of Britons.
2075 Boar, Wild, is a wild pig of Europe, southwestern and central Asia, and North Africa.
2076
Board, Peter (1858-1945), was director of education in New South Wales, Australia, from 1905 to 1923.
2077 Boas, Franz (1858-1942), a German-born American, was the most influential U.S. anthropologist of the
early and mid-1900's.
2078 Boating brings pleasure to millions of people every year.
2079 Bobcat is a wildcat that lives in North America.
2080 Bobolink is a North American songbird related to the American blackbird and oriole.
2081 Bobsledding, also called bobsleighing, is a fast, dangerous winter sport in which teams of two or four
men ride down a steep, icy course in steel and fibreglass sleds.
2082 Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313?-1375), is generally considered to be the first great writer of prose in a
modern language.
2083 Boccherini, Luigi (1743-1805), was an Italian composer and cellist.
2084
Boccioni, Umberto (1882-1916), is generally considered the greatest Italian sculptor of the early 1900's.
2085 Bodenstein, Max (1871-1942), was a German physical chemist.
2086 Bodenwieser, Gertrud (1890-1959), greatly influenced modern dance in Australia through her work with
the Bodenwieser Ballet group.
2087 Bode's law is a scheme for representing the approximate distances of the planets from the sun.
2088 Bodhisattva, in the Buddhist religion, is a person who strives to become a Buddha.
2089 Bodleian Library is the main library of Oxford University at Oxford, England.
2090 Bodoni, Giambattista (1740-1813), an Italian printer and type designer, introduced the "classical" type
face into bookmaking.
2091 Body building is a sport that emphasizes the development of certain muscles through a regular routine of
exercises.
2092 Boehmeria is a group of plants in the nettle family.
2093 Boeotia was a district of ancient Greece, between Attica, Phocis, and Locris.
2094 Boers were people of Dutch, German, or French ancestry who lived in South Africa.
2095 Boesak, Allan Aubrey (1946-...), a South African clergyman, won world renown in the 1980's for his
opposition to apartheid (see APARTHEID).
2096
Boethius, Manlius Severinus (480?-524), an Italian government official, wrote Consolation of Philosophy.
2097 Bog is an area of wet, spongy land characterized by acidic soil and the heavy growth of mosses.
2098 Bog of Allen occupies about 970 square kilometres of central Ireland.
2099 Bogart, Humphrey (1899-1957), was an American actor.
2100 Bogong moth was a delicacy favoured by Aborigines when they inhabited those areas of the Australian
Alps called the Bogong High Plains.
2101 Bogota (pop. 3,982,941) is the capital and largest city of Colombia.
2102 Bohemia is a region in the western part of the Czech Republic.
2103 Bohlen, Charles Eustis (1904-1974), a U.S. diplomat, was an expert on Soviet affairs.
2104 Bohol (pop. 948,315) is an island province in the Philippines, in the Visayan region.
2105 Bohr, Niels (1885-1962), was a noted Danish physicist who developed a theory about the structure of
the atom.
2106 Boil is a painful infection of the skin and tissues under the skin.
2107 Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas (1636-1711), was a French poet and critic of the Classical Age.
2108 Boiler is a metal container in which a liquid is heated and changed into a vapour.
2109 Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid bubbles and changes into vapour.
2110 Boito, Arrigo (1842-1918), was an Italian composer and author.
2111 Boksburg (pop. 119,890) is a town in Gauteng province in South Africa.
2112 Boland, John (1944-...), an Irish Fine Gael Party politician, was the Republic of Ireland's minister for the
environment from 1986 until 1987.
2113 Boldrewood, Rolf (1826-1915), pen name of Thomas Alexander Browne, was the author of the
Australian classic Robbery Under Arms.
2114 Bolero is a Spanish folk dance that developed into a popular theatrical and ballroom dance.
2115 Boleyn, Anne (1507-1536), was the second, and most famous, of the six wives of King Henry VIII of
England (see HENRY [VIII]).
2116 Bolger, Jim (1935-...), served as prime minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997.
2117 Bolingbroke, Viscount (1678-1751), Henry St. John, was an English statesman and writer.
2118 Bolivar, Simon (1783-1830), was one of South America's greatest generals.
2119 Bolivia is a country that is situated near the centre of South America.
2120 Boll, Heinrich (1917-1985), a German author, won the 1972 Nobel Prize for literature.
2121 Boll weevil is a small beetle that feeds inside the bolls (seed pods) of cotton plants and causes serious
damage to cotton crops.
2122
Bologna (pop. 404,378), a city in northern Italy, lies in a region of pleasant climate and fruitful soil.
2123 Bologna, University of, in Bologna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in the world.
2124 Bolometer is a device similar to a highly sensitive thermometer.
2125 Bolsheviks were members of a group that became the Communist Party in Russia.
2126 Bolshoi Theatre Ballet of Moscow is one of two major ballet companies in Russia.
2127 Bolsover (pop. 69,000) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England.
2128 Bolt is a type of fastener formed of a metal rod that has an enlarged head at one end and a screw thread
at the other.
2129 Bolt, Robert (1924-1995), was a British playwright and film script writer.
2130 Bolte, Sir Henry (1908-...), was premier and treasurer of Victoria, Australia, from 1955 to 1972.
2131 Bolton (pop. 253,300) is a local government district in Greater Manchester, England.
2132 Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906), was an Austrian theoretical physicist.
2133 Bomb is a weapon that explodes.
2134
Mumbai (pop. 9,925,891; met. area pop. 12,571,720) is the capital of the state of Maharashtra in India.
2135 Bomber is a military aeroplane that attacks targets on land or at sea.
2136
Bomboras are big and powerful waves that rise over a shallow reef a considerable distance out to sea.
2137 Bomoh is a person who provides cures for illness in Malaysian and Indonesian villages.
2138 Bonaventure, Saint (1221-1274), was an important medieval theologian and religious leader.
2139 Bond, in chemistry, is a force that attracts atoms to one another and holds them together.
2140 Bond is a special form of contract.
2141 Bond, Alan (1938-...), an Australian businessman, headed the successful Australia II syndicate that won
the America's Cup yacht race in 1983.
2142 Bond, Edward (1934-...), is a British playwright.
2143 Bonded warehouse is a facility used to store goods on which the owner must pay the government a tax
or duty.
2144 Bonderizing is a chemical process that puts a protective coating on iron, steel, zinc, cadmium, or
aluminium surfaces.
2145 Bondfield, Margaret Grace (1873-1953), was a British Labour politician who became the first woman
member of the Cabinet, as minister of labour from 1929 to 1931.
2146 Bondi, Sir Hermann (1919-...), a British mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, is best known for his
contributions to the study of the universe and its origin.
2147 Bonding is a method of protecting governments, individuals or companies against loss through the
dishonesty of others or the failure of others to fulfil certain contracts or obligations.
2148 Bone is a hard substance that forms the framework of the bodies of animals with backbones, including
human beings.
2149 Bone bank is a store of bone that can be used in surgical operations.
2150 Bonefish live in warm ocean waters.
2151 Boneset is a flowering plant that grows wild in meadows and lowlands.
2152 Bongo drums are high-pitched percussion instruments.
2153 Bonheur, Rosa (1822-1899), was a leading French artist who became known for her paintings of
animals and rural scenes.
2154 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (1906-1945), was a German theologian whose strong opposition to Nazism cost him
his life.
2155 Boniface VIII (1235-1303) was elected pope in 1294.
2156
Boniface, Saint (675-754), was an English-born Christian missionary noted for his work in Germany.
2157 Bonifacio, Andres (1863-1897), a Filipino patriot, founded Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society, in
1892.
2158
Bonin Islands comprise 97 volcanic islands that are located about 970 kilometres southeast of Japan.
2159 Bonington, Chris (1934-...), one of England's foremost mountaineers, also won fame as a writer and
photographer.
2160 Bonington, Richard Parkes (1801-1828), an English landscape painter, might have won fame during his
lifetime had he not died so young.
2161 Bonito is a large fish that lives in the open sea.
2162 Bonn (pop. 290,769) is a city in Germany.
2163 Bonnard, Pierre (1867-1947), was a French painter and graphic artist.
2164 Bonner, Neville (1922-...), the first Aboriginal member of the Australian Parliament, was a Liberal Party
senator for Queensland from 1971 to 1983.
2165 Bonnet, Stede (?-1718), a retired British Army officer, became a pirate, it is said, to escape from his
Barbados Island home.
2166 Bonneville, Benjamin de (1796-1878), was an American soldier, trader, and explorer.
2167 Bonneville Dam lies on the Columbia River about 64 kilometres east of Portland, Oregon, in the United
States.
2168 Bonney, Charles (1813-1897), an Australian politician and explorer, pioneered an overland route from
the site of Albury, on the Murray River, south to the Ovens River, in Victoria, in 1836.
2169 Bonsai is the art of growing miniature trees or other plants in a tray or other container.
2170 Bontemps, Arna Wendell (1902-1973), was a black American author who edited or wrote over 30 books
on black culture.
2171 Bonus is a payment given in addition to what is normally due a person, particularly an employee.
2172 Bonython is a noted South Australian family that has been prominent in educational, cultural, and charity
affairs in South Australia for many years.
2173 Booby is any of six large diving birds that live near warm seas.
2174 Book consists of written or printed sheets of paper or some other material fastened together along one
edge so it can be opened at any point.
2175 Book collecting is a popular hobby.
2176 Book of Kells is an illuminated (decorated) manuscript containing a Latin version of the four Gospels and
some historical material.
2177 Book review is an article published in a newspaper or periodical that announces the publication of a new
book, describes what it is about, and evaluates it.
2178 Bookbinding is the process of putting the pages of a book between covers.
2179 Bookkeeping is the systematic process of analysing, recording, and summarizing the economic
transactions of a business or other organization over a given period.
2180 Bookplate is a printed or engraved label pasted in a book as a mark of ownership.
2181 Boole, George (1815-1864), a British mathematician, devised a method of expressing logical
relationships in terms of algebra, now known as Boolean algebra (see BOOLEAN ALGEBRA).
2182
Boolean algebra is a mathematical system used to solve problems in logic, probability, and engineering.
2183 Boomerang is a curved, flat implement that is thrown as a weapon or for sport.
2184 Boomslang is an African snake that lies in wait for its prey in trees and bushes.
2185 Boone, Daniel (1734-1820), is one of the most famous pioneers in United States history.
2186 Boot, Sir Jesse (1850-1931), Baron Trent of Nottingham, England, founded the chain of chemist's shops
that bear his name.
2187 Bootes is a constellation (group of stars) in the northern celestial hemisphere.
2188 Booth, John Wilkes (1838-1865), assassinated the U.S. President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in
Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865.
2189
Booth, William (1829-1912), an English preacher and social reformer, founded the Salvation Army.
2190 Boothferry (pop. 63,100) was an extensive, mainly agricultural local government district in Humberside,
England.
2191 Bophuthatswana was one of ten homelands (nation states) set up by the South African government
under the former policy of apartheid (enforced racial separation).
2192 Bora ground was a type of Aboriginal initiation ground in eastern Australia where boys were taken for
their initiation ceremonies.
2193 Borax is an important compound of the element boron.
2194 Borazon is an artificially produced crystal that has the hardness of a diamond.
2195 Bord Failte Eireann, the Irish Tourist Board, organizes and encourages tourism in the Republic of
Ireland.
2196 Bordeaux (pop. 213,274; met. area pop. 685,456), is a commercial city in southwestern France.
2197 Borden, Lizzie (1860-1927), was the defendant in one of the most celebrated murder trials in United
States history.
2198 Border, Allan (1955-...), a correct but aggressive left-handed Australian batsman, was captain of the
Australian cricket team from 1984 to 1994.
2199 Border collie is among the most widely used sheepdogs.
2200 Border Country is the area lying on each side of the border between England and Scotland.
2201 Border terrier is one of the smallest breeds of terriers in the United Kingdom.
2202 Borders (pop. 105,300) is a region in southeastern Scotland.
2203 Bore is a wall of swift-running water formed in a bay or river mouth by a rapidly rising tide.
2204 Bore, Etienne de (1741-1820), made sugar production a major United States industry.
2205 Borg, Bjorn (1956-...), became one of the greatest players in the history of tennis.
2206 Borg Olivier, Georgie (1911-1980), a Maltese politician, negotiated Malta's independence from the
United Kingdom.
2207 Borges, Jorge Luis (1899-1986), was an Argentine man of letters.
2208 Borgia is the name of an Italian family, prominent in the 1400's and 1500's.
2209 Borglum, Gutzon (1867-1941), was an American sculptor best known for creating the Mount Rushmore
National Memorial in South Dakota, U.S.A. This work consists of huge portraits of four American
presidents--George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore
2210
Boric acid, also called boracic acid, is a weak, inorganic acid best known for its use as an antiseptic.
2211 Boris III (1894-1943) became king of Bulgaria in 1918.
2212 Borlaug, Norman Ernest (1914-...), an American agricultural scientist, received the 1970 Nobel Peace
Prize for developing new varieties of wheat.
2213 Borman, Frank (1928-...), commanded the United States Apollo 8 space flight that circled the moon 10
times on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, 1968.
2214 Bormann, Martin (1900-1945?), was one of the most powerful leaders in Nazi Germany during World
War II (1939-1945).
2215 Born, Max (1882-1970), was a German physicist who played a major role in developing quantum
mechanics.
2216 Borneo is the third largest island in the world.
2217 Borobudur is a magnificent Buddhist temple in central Java, Indonesia.
2218 Borodin, Alexander (1833-1887), was a Russian composer.
2219 Boron is a chemical element with symbol B. It is an extremely hard, nonmetallic element.
2220
Boronia is the name given to about 90 species (kinds) of a citrus family that grows only in Australia.
2221 Borovansky, Edouard (1902-1959), a noted ballet dancer, teacher, and choreographer, founded the
Borovansky Ballet--one of Australia's best-known ballet companies--in 1940.
2222
Borromeo, Saint Charles (1538-1584), cardinal-archbishop of Milan, founded the Oblate Fathers (a
group of lay people associated with a religious order), and was a leader of the Counter Reformation.
2223 Borrow, George (1803-1881), a British author, travelled on foot through Britain, France, Germany,
Russia, and Spain, and wrote about his adventures in these countries.
2224 Borstals were prison schools for young offenders in the United Kingdom from 1902 until 1983.
2225
Borumba Dam blocks Yabba Creek, a tributary of the Mary River, near Imbil in Queensland, Australia.
2226
Borzoi, also called Russian wolfhound, is a dog originally bred in Russia to chase down game animals.
2227 Bosch, Carl (1874-1940), was a German chemist and industrialist.
2228 Bosch, Hieronymus (1450?-1516), was a Dutch painter.
2229 Bose, Sir Jagdish Chandra (1858-1937), was an Indian scientist.
2230 Bose, Satyendra Nath (1894-1974), was an Indian physicist who, with Albert Einstein, developed a
system of statistical quantum mechanics now known as Bose-Einstein statistics.
2231 Bose, Subhash Chandra (1897-1945), was a revolutionary Indian nationalist leader.
2232 Bosnia-Herzegovina is a country in southeastern Europe.
2233 Boson is one of the three major families of elementary particles (subatomic particles that are not made
up of smaller particles).
2234
Bosporus is a strait in northwestern Turkey that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
2235 Bossuet, Jacques Benigne (1627-1704), was a French preacher, theologian, and historian.
2236 Boston (pop. 52,600) is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, centred on the town of
Boston.
2237 Boston (pop. 574,283; met. area pop. 2,870,669) is the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and
the largest city in New England.
2238 Boston Massacre was not a massacre but the killing in a street clash of several American colonists by a
squad of British soldiers.
2239 Boston Tea Party was a raid by American colonists on three British ships in Boston Harbor,
Massachusetts, on Dec. 16, 1773.
2240 Boston terrier is a small dog with a smooth dark coat.
2241 Boswell, James (1740-1795), was a Scottish author who wrote the biography of Doctor Johnson, the
important writer and critic.
2242 Bosworth Field, in Leicestershire, England, was the site of the battle that ended the struggle between the
Yorkists and the Lancastrians for the throne of England in 1485 (see KINGS AND QUEENS OF
BRITAIN AND IRELAND [Lancaster and York]).
2243 Bot fly is the name of various kinds of harmful flies.
2244 Botanical garden is a garden in which plants are grown chiefly for scientific, educational, and artistic
purposes.
2245 Botany is the science or study of plants.
2246 Botany Bay, the site of the first European landing on the east coast of Australia, is an inlet about 10
kilometres south of Sydney.
2247 Botha, Louis (1862-1919), served as the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa, from 1910 to
1919.
2248 Botha, P. W. (1916-...), became the head of South Africa's government in 1978.
2249 Botham, Ian (1955-...), an England cricketer, became one of the greatest all-rounders in the history of
the game.
2250 Bothe, Walther (1891-1957), a German physicist, shared with Max Born the 1954 Nobel Prize in physics
for the coincidence method and his discoveries made with it.
2251 Bothwell, Earl of (1536?-1578), a Scottish Protestant nobleman, was the third husband of Mary, Queen
of Scots (see MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS).
2252 Botswana is a country in the centre of southern Africa.
2253 Bottger, Johann Friedrich (1682-1719), a German chemist, was the first European to produce porcelain
(see PORCELAIN).
2254
Botticelli, Sandro (1444?-1510), was an Italian Renaissance painter who lived and worked in Florence.
2255 Bottle is a container for holding liquids.
2256 Bottle tree is an Australian tree whose trunk looks like a round bottle.
2257 Bottlebrush is an evergreen tree of the myrtle family that grows in Australia.
2258 Botulism is a kind of food poisoning.
2259 Boucher, Francois (1703-1770), was a French painter.
2260 Boucicault, Dion (1820?-1890), was an Irish-American playwright, actor, and theatre manager.
2261 Bougainville (pop. 110,000) is the largest of the Solomon Islands.
2262 Bougainville, Louis Antoine, Comte de (1729-1811), was a French scientist and navigator who sailed
around the world with scientists on the Bondeuse and Etoile between 1766 and 1769.
2263 Bougainvillea is the name of a group of South American shrubs and climbing vines.
2264 Boulez, Pierre (1925-...), became one of the leading avant-garde (experimental) composers of the
middle and late 1900's.
2265 Boult, Sir Adrian (1889-1983), a British conductor, founded the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Symphony Orchestra, and directed it from 1930 to 1950.
2266 Boulting is the name of twin brothers, John Edward Boulting (1913-1985), and Roy Boulting (1913-...),
known for directing and producing films.
2267 Boulton, Matthew (1728-1809), a British engineer, together with James Watt, founded the engineering
firm of Boulton and Watt.
2268 Boumedienne, Houari (1933-1978), was head of state of Algeria from 1965 to 1978.
2269 Bourbon was the name of a French royal family, some of whose members ruled in France, Spain, and
Naples.
2270 Bourguiba, Habib (1903-...), served as president of Tunisia from 1957 to 1987.
2271 Bourke (pop. 4,454) is a town in New South Wales, Australia.
2272
Bourke, Sir Richard (1777-1855), was governor of New South Wales, Australia, from 1831 to 1837.
2273 Bournemouth (pop. 154,400), is a popular holiday resort on the Dorset coast of England.
2274 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros (1922-...), is a diplomat from Egypt who served as the sixth secretary-general of
the United Nations (UN) from 1992 to 1996.
2275 Bouvier des Flandres is a dog whose origin is uncertain.
2276 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a disease that affects cattle.
2277 Bow Bells are the bells of St. Mary-le-Bow Church in the City of London.
2278 Bow Street runners were the first paid detectives in Britain.
2279
Bowater Industries plc is a large international group of companies with its headquarters in London.
2280 Bowdler, Thomas (1754-1825), a British scholar and doctor of medicine, edited The Family Shakespeare
(1818).
2281 Bowdoin, James (1726-1790) was a merchant and political leader in Massachusetts, U.S.A., during the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
2282 Bowen (pop. 14,158), is a coastal resort town, 190 kilometres south of Townsville, in Queensland,
Australia.
2283 Bowen, Edward (1911-1991), a British radiophysicist, was part of the team that developed radar.
2284 Bowen, Elizabeth (1899-1973), was an Anglo-Irish author of novels and short stories about the problems
of personal relationships in the modern world.
2285 Bowen, Sir George Ferguson (1821-1899), a British statesman, was the first governor of Queensland,
Australia, from 1859 to 1868.
2286 Bowen, John (1780-1827), founded the first settlement on Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania),
Australia, in 1803.
2287 Bowen Basin is a large geological structure in Australia that extends south from Collinsville in
Queensland, toward the Queensland-New South Wales border.
2288 Bowerbird is the name of 18 species (kinds) of birds that live in Australia, New Guinea, and neighbouring
islands.
2289 Bowers, Claude Gernade (1878-1958), was an American journalist, diplomat, and historian.
2290 Bowfin is a large freshwater fish that lives in eastern North America.
2291 Bowie, David (1947-...), is a British rock singer, songwriter, and film and stage actor.
2292 Bowie knife was a popular hunting tool and weapon of the American frontier.
2293 Bowles, Chester (1901-1986), a government official, served under four American presidents.
2294 Bowles, Samuel (1826-1878), gave the Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, a small-city newspaper,
a national reputation.
2295 Bowling is one of the oldest and most popular indoor sports.
2296 Bowlplaying is an Irish game played with an iron ball on a road.
2297
Bowls is a game in which the players roll wooden, rubber, or composition balls at a smaller, target ball.
2298 Box, or boxwood, is a slow-growing evergreen shrub or tree much used for hedges and as specimens
on lawns.
2299 Boxelder is a species of North American maple whose leaves are different from the simple leaves of
other maples.
2300 Boxer is a medium-sized dog.
2301 Boxer Rebellion was a bloody uprising in northern China in 1900 in which hundreds of Chinese and
more than 200 persons from other countries were killed.
2302 Boxing is a sport in which two fighters battle each other with their fists.
2303 Boxing Day is a holiday associated with the Christmas season in Australia, Great Britain, and New
Zealand, and in some Canadian provinces.
2304 Boyce, William (1710-1779), was an English composer and organist.
2305 Boycott is a refusal to deal with an individual, organization, or country.
2306 Boyd is a family famous in the arts in Australia.
2307
Boyd, Alan Stephenson (1922-...), was United States secretary of transportation from 1967 to 1969.
2308 Boyd, Belle (1844-1900), was a Confederate spy during the American Civil War.
2309 Boyd, Ben (1803?-1851), was a Scottish pioneer and adventurer who gained fame for his business
schemes during the early part of the development of Australia.
2310 Boyd Orr, Lord (1880-1971), a British nutritional and agricultural scientist, won the 1949 Nobel Peace
Prize.
2311 Boyden, Seth (1788-1870), an American inventor, developed a type of patent leather in 1819 and a
process for making malleable iron in 1826.
2312 Boyle, Lord (1923-1981), a leading figure in British education, was vice chancellor of Leeds University
from 1970 to 1981.
2313 Boyle, Robert (1627-1691), an Irish scientist, is considered the founder of modern chemistry.
2314 Boyne is one of the chief rivers in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
2315 Boyne, Battle of the, was the decisive battle in the struggle between ex-King James II of England and his
successor, William III, for the control of Ireland.
2316 Boys' Brigade is an international organization for boys from 6 to 18 years old.
2317 Boys Town is a private institution for homeless, abused, neglected, and handicapped children of every
race and religion.
2318 Boysenberry is a type of blackberry.
2319 Bozeman Trail was a route that travellers of the 1860's used to reach gold fields in Montana and Idaho in
the United States.
2320 Brabazon of Tara, Lord (1884-1964), John Theodore Cuthbert Moore-Brabazon, was a British pioneer
aviator and motorist.
2321 Brabham, Sir John (1926-...), an Australian motor-racing driver, won the Drivers' World Championship in
1959, 1960, and 1966.
2322 Brachiosaurus was a gigantic, plant-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago in what are
now Africa and North America.
2323 Brack, John (1920-...), an Australian painter and printmaker, became known for his precise and
beautifully ordered compositions.
2324 Bracknell Forest (pop. 93,800) in eastern Berkshire, England, became a unitary authority with all the
local government powers within its boundaries in 1998.
2325 Bracton, Henry de (?-1268), is known as the father of English jurisprudence.
2326
Bradbury, Ray (1920-...), is an American author best known for his fantasy stories and science fiction.
2327 Bradfield, John Job Crew (1876-1943), was an Australian engineer.
2328 Bradford is the family name of three American printers and editors.
2329 Bradford (pop. 449,100) is an English local government district in West Yorkshire, centred on the
industrial city of Bradford.
2330 Bradley, Francis Herbert (1846-1924), was a British idealistic philosopher.
2331 Bradley, James (1693?-1762), was an English astronomer.
2332 Bradley, Omar Nelson (1893-1981), commanded the largest fighting force ever amassed in battle under
the American flag.
2333 Bradman, Sir Donald (1908-...) was an outstanding Australian cricketer.
2334 Brady, Mathew B. (1823?-1896), was a famous American photographer.
2335 Brady, Matthew (1799-1826), was a convict who turned Australian bushranger.
2336 Braga (pop. 65,008) is a city in northwestern Portugal.
2337 Bragg, Sir William Henry (1862-1942), was a British physicist.
2338 Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601), was a Danish astronomer.
2339 Brahman is the name of the most absolute, abstract form of God in the Hindu religion.
2340 Brahmaputra River is one of the most important waterways of southern Asia.
2341 Brahms, Johannes (1833-1897), was a great German composer.
2342 Braiding, or plaiting, is one of the simplest methods of interlacing yarn or other fibres.
2343 Braille is a code of small raised dots on paper that can be read by touch.
2344 Braille, Louis (1809-1852), was a blind Frenchman who invented the braille system of printing and
writing for the blind.
2345 Brain is the master control centre of the body.
2346 Brain is the name of a family of talented musicians.
2347 Braine, John (1922-1986), was an English novelist best known for his first novel, Room at the Top
(1957).
2348 Braintree (pop. 115,700) is a local government district in central Essex, England.
2349 Brainwashing is a method of influencing people to change their beliefs and accept as true what they
previously had considered false.
2350 Braithwaite, Edward (1930-...), is a West Indian poet and historian.
2351 Braithwaite, Dame Lilian (1873-1948), was an English actress who first gained recognition when she
toured with Sir Frank Benson's company, playing Shakespearean parts.
2352
Braithwaite, Warwick (1896-1971), a New Zealand-born conductor, led many of the world's orchestras.
2353 Brake is a device that slows or stops a moving object.
2354 Bramah, Ernest (1869?-1942), an English author, became popular as a novelist for his "Kai Lung" books,
a series of amusing novels written in a Chinese manner and setting.
2355 Bramante, Donato (1444-1514), was an architect and painter of the Italian Renaissance.
2356 Bramble is the name of a group of low, woody shrubs or vines that belongs to the rose family.
2357 Brampton Island is one of the tourist resorts of the Great Barrier Reef.
2358 Bran is the firm outer coat of kernels of barley, maize, rice, wheat, and other cereal grains.
2359 Branagh, Kenneth (1960-...), is a British actor and director.
2360 Brancusi, Constantin (1876-1957), ranks as one of the greatest sculptors of the 1900's.
2361 Brand, Sir David (1912-1979), who headed the Liberal Party in Western Australia, was premier of
Western Australia from 1959 to 1971.
2362 Brandenburg is a state in east-central Germany.
2363 Brando, Marlon (1924-...), ranks among the most famous American actors to appear since the end of
World War II.
2364 Brandt, Willy (1913-1992), was elected chancellor of West Germany in 1969.
2365 Branson, Richard (1950-...), is a British businessman.
2366 Braque, Georges (1882-1963), was a French artist.
2367 Brasilia (pop. 411,305) is the capital of Brazil and one of the world's leading examples of large-scale city
planning.
2368 Brass is an alloy (mixture) of copper and zinc.
2369 Brass rubbing is the technique of making full-size reproductions of the designs and inscriptions on
monumental brasses.
2370 Bratby, John Randall (1928-1992), was a British painter best known for his vigorous pictures of domestic
scenes.
2371 Bratislava, or Pressburg (pop. 409,100), is the capital and largest city of Slovakia.
2372 Braun, Eva (1912-1945), was the mistress of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
2373 Braunschweig, also called Brunswick, (pop. 248,001), is a city in Germany, about 55 kilometres
southeast of Hanover.
2374 Brazil is the largest country in South America in terms of both area and population.
2375 Brazil nut, also called para nut, comes from a large, evergreen tree found mainly in forests near the
Amazon River and its tributaries in northern Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
2376 Brazilwood is the common name of several dyewood trees of Brazil.
2377 Brazzaville (pop. 596,200), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo, also known as
Congo (Brazzaville).
2378 Breach of the peace is a legal term that means an offence against public order, causing a disturbance of
the peace.
2379 Bread is the most widely eaten food.
2380 Breadfruit is a tropical fruit native to the Pacific Islands.
2381 Breakwater is a wall that protects a harbour, coast, or offshore structure from strong waves.
2382 Bream is the name of various unrelated stout-bodied fish.
2383 Bream, Julian (1933-...), is a British guitarist and lutenist whose fine musicianship rapidly made him a
popular performer in Europe and the United States.
2384 Breasley, Scobie (1914-...), an Australian jockey, became a leading rider in Australia and the United
Kingdom.
2385 Breast is an organ specially designed to produce milk to feed a baby.
2386 Brebeuf, Saint Jean de (1593-1649), was a French Jesuit missionary and martyr.
2387 Brecht, Bertolt, also spelled Bertold (1898-1956), was an important German playwright.
2388
Breckland (pop. 100,600), is a local government district in Norfolk, England (see also NORFOLK).
2389 Brecknock (pop. 41,300) is a local government district in Powys, Wales.
2390 Breda (pop. 118,819; met. area pop. 152,449) is a Dutch city about 43 kilometres southeast of
Rotterdam.
2391 Breeding is the careful selection and pairing of plants, animals, and other organisms to improve the
usefulness of their offspring.
2392 Breedlove, Craig (1937-...), became one of the world's fastest car drivers in the 1960's.
2393 Brehon laws were a system of laws used in Ireland from the earliest times of the clans.
2394 Bremen (pop. 551,219) is a commercial and industrial city in northwestern Germany.
2395 Brendan, Saint, is the name of two Christian saints who lived in Ireland in the 500's.
2396 Brennan, Christopher (1870-1932), was an Australian symbolist poet.
2397 Brennan, Francis Cardinal (1894-1968), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in 1967
by Pope Paul VI. He was an authority on moral theology and canon law, and was dean of the Roman
Rota at the Vatican at the time of his appointment.
2398 Brenner Pass straddles the border between Austria and Italy at the eastern end of the Alps.
2399 Brent (pop. 226,100) is a borough in Greater London.
2400 Brent goose, also called brant, is the name of a small, dark goose related to the Canada goose.
2401 Brentwood (pop. 68,600) is a town and local government district in Essex, England.
2402 Brest (pop. 153,099; met. area pop. 201,480) is a seaport city on the northwest coast of France.
2403 Brethren is the name for several Protestant groups that developed from the Pietist movement in
Germany in the 1600's and 1700's.
2404 Brethren, Church of the, was organized in Germany in 1708 by Alexander Mack.
2405 Breton, Andre (1896-1966), was a French poet who led the surrealist movement in Paris.
2406 Breton, Jules Adolphe (1827-1906), was a French painter known for his sentimental scenes of peasant
life.
2407 Bretton Woods is the popular name for the International Monetary Conference held at Bretton Woods,
New Hampshire, U.S.A., in July 1944.
2408
Breuer, Marcel Lajos (1902-1981), was a Hungarian-born architect, furniture designer, and teacher.
2409 Brewing is a process used to make some alcoholic drinks, mainly beer.
2410 Brewster, Sir David (1781-1868), a Scottish doctor, is principally known for the law named after him,
Brewster's law.
2411 Breytenbach, Breyten (1939-...), is one of South Africa's major modern poets.
2412 Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich (1906-1982), was head of the Communist Party of the former Soviet Union from
1964 until his death.
2413 Brian Boru (940?-1014) became King of Munster in Ireland after 976, and High King of the Irish after
1002.
2414 Brian, Havergal (1876-1972), was a prolific British composer.
2415 Briard is a dog that was first bred in France, probably in the 1100's.
2416 Bribery means giving or offering something of value to a person in a position of trust, who in return
violates his or her duty or the law in order to benefit the giver.
2417 Bribie Island lies off the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia.
2418
Brice, Fanny (1891-1951), was an American comedienne and singer in musical comedy and on radio.
2419 Brick is a rectangular building block made of clay, shale, or various other materials.
2420 Brickhill, Paul (1916-1991), an Australian author, wrote The Dam Busters (1951), which was later made
into a film.
2421 Bridge is a structure used by people and vehicles to cross areas that are obstacles to travel.
2422 Bridge is a popular card game played by four persons who form two teams of two partners each.
2423 Bridge, Ernie (1936-...), an Aboriginal leader and Labor Party politician, became minister for Aboriginal
affairs in Western Australia in 1986.
2424
Bridge, Frank (1879-1941), was a gifted British composer of chamber and orchestral music and songs.
2425 Bridge of Sighs is a beautiful bridge in Venice, Italy.
2426 Bridger, James (1804-1881), a hunter, trapper, fur trader, and guide, was one of the greatest American
frontiersmen.
2427 Bridges, Harry (1901-1990), an American trade union leader, served as president of the International
Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) from 1938 to 1977.
2428 Bridges, Robert Seymour (1844-1930), was an English poet and scholar.
2429 Bridges, Sir William Throsby (1861-1915), a major general, was appointed the first commandant of the
Royal Military College, Duntroon, Canberra, Australia, in 1911.
2430 Bridget, Saint, is the name of two saints of the Roman Catholic Church.
2431 Bridgetown (pop. 7,519) is the capital and largest city of Barbados.
2432 Bridgewater, Duke of (1736-1803), was a pioneer of canal navigation in Britain.
2433 Bridgnorth (pop. 49,700) is a town and local government district in Shropshire, England.
2434 Bridie, James (1888-1951), was the pen name of Osborne Henry Mavor, a distinguished Scottish
playwright.
2435
Brief, in law, is the set of papers that a solicitor prepares for a barrister to take to court to plead a case.
2436 Brieux, Eugene (1858-1932), was a French playwright.
2437 Brig is a two-masted sailing vessel with square sails.
2438 Brigalow is the popular name in Australia for a kind of wattle that grows in central and southern
Queensland and northern New South Wales.
2439 Briggs, Henry (1561-1630), an English mathematician, calculated and published the first tables of
common logarithms.
2440 Bright, John (1811-1889), was an English orator, reformer, and statesman.
2441 Bright, Richard (1789-1858), an English doctor, won recognition in 1827 when he pointed out the
connection between diseased kidneys, albumin in the urine, and dropsy.
2442 Brighton (pop. 133,400), is a seaside resort, within the unitary authority area of Brighton and Hove, on
the south coast of England.
2443 Brighton Car Rally is an annual drive from London to Brighton by veteran cars, all manufactured before
1905.
2444 Brindley, James (1716-1772), a British engineer, built the first industrial canal in England.
2445 Brink, Andre (1935-...), is one of South Africa's best-known writers.
2446 Brinsmead, Hesba Fay (1922-...), a leading Australian writer of fiction for young adults, won both the
Mary Gilmore prize and the Australian Children's Book of the Year Award for Pastures of the Blue Crane
(1964).
2447 Brisbane (pop. 751,225, met. pop. 1,334,746) is the capital, commercial centre, and largest city of the
state of Queensland, Australia.
2448
Brisbane, Sir Thomas (1773-1860), was governor of New South Wales, Australia, from 1821 to 1825.
2449 Brisbane Line was a military plan for defending Australia during World War II (1939-1945).
2450
Brisbane River rises in the hills and ranges about 100 kilometres northwest of Brisbane city, Australia.
2451 Brisbane Water is a shallow but extensive inlet of the sea on the central coast of New South Wales,
Australia.
2452 Bristle is the term for the short, stiff hair used in various kinds of brushes.
2453 Bristlecone pine is an evergreen tree that grows at high altitudes in the Western United States.
2454 Bristol (pop. 370,300), is a port, industrial centre, and a university city on the River Avon, in
southwestern England.
2455
Bristol Channel is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that lies between Wales and southwestern England.
2456 Britain is the name often used for the country officially known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.
2457 Britannia is the Latin name for Britain, the main part of what is now the United Kingdom.
2458 Britannia metal is an alloy consisting of a minimum of 90 per cent tin and up to 8 per cent antimony and
2 per cent copper.
2459 British Academy is an institution in the United Kingdom (UK) that encourages scholarship in the
humanities and social sciences.
2460 British America refers to those parts of North and South America that have political ties to the United
Kingdom (UK).
2461 British American Tobacco Industries Group, also called BAT Industries, is one of the world's largest
industrial enterprises.
2462 British Association for the Advancement of Science is an organization in the United Kingdom (UK) that
promotes scientific research and education.
2463 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) broadcasts radio and television programmes to audiences in the
United Kingdom (UK).
2464 British Cameroons was a United Nations trust territory on the west coast of Africa.
2465 British Columbia (pop. 3,724,500) is Canada's third-largest province.
2466 British constitution is the framework of the government and laws of Great Britain.
2467 British Council is an organization that promotes cultural and scientific contacts between Britain and other
countries, and promotes the teaching of English overseas.
2468 British Indian Ocean Territory is a British dependency in the Indian Ocean.
2469 British Isles is a geographical term for the islands bounded by the English Channel, the Strait of Dover,
the North Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean.
2470 British Legion, The Royal, is an organization of former members of the British armed services.
2471
British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and one of the largest libraries in the world.
2472 British Medical Association (BMA) is a voluntary professional association of doctors.
2473 British Museum, in London, is among the oldest of the great national museums.
2474 British Petroleum (BP) is one of the United Kingdom's (UK's) largest companies.
2475
British thermal unit, or Btu, is a unit used to measure heat in the imperial system of measurement.
2476 British West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea.
2477 Brittan, Sir Leon (1939-...), a Conservative Party politician, became a commissioner of the European
Community (now called the European Union) in 1988.
2478 Brittany is a region in northwestern France.
2479 Brittany is a pointer and retriever gundog.
2480
Britten, Benjamin (1913-1976), was a British composer famous for his vocal music, especially operas.
2481 Brittle star is a sea animal that resembles a starfish.
2482 Brno (pop. 383,443), formerly called Brunn, is the second largest city in the Czech Republic.
2483 Broad bean is a hardy annual plant that grows up to about 1.8 metres high.
2484 Broadcloth is a cotton or soft woollen fabric used for making coats, suits, shirts, and dresses.
2485 Broadland (pop. 104,500) is a local government district in Norfolk, England, situated to the north and
east of Norwich.
2486 Broads are a region of shallow lakes and lagoons near the east coast of England in Norfolk and northern
Suffolk.
2487 Broadwood, John (1732-1812), was a British piano maker.
2488 Brocade is a cloth that has designs woven into it with heavy yarns.
2489 Broccoli is a nutritious garden vegetable closely related to cauliflower.
2490
Brodsky, Joseph (1940-1996), was a poet and essayist who won the 1987 Nobel Prize for literature.
2491 Broken Bay is the estuary of the Hawkesbury River, north of Sydney, Australia.
2492 Broken Hill (pop. 23,739), a city in the far west of New South Wales, Australia, is one of the world's
major mining centres.
2493 Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd. (BHP) is the largest company in Australia.
2494 Brolga is an Australian crane, also known as the "native companion," as the bird was seen by early
settlers near Aboriginal camps.
2495
Brome grass is the name of any of about 100 kinds of grass found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere.
2496 Bromeliad is the name of any member of a large family of tropical plants that includes the pineapple and
Spanish moss.
2497
Bromide is the name for a number of compounds made with bromine, a dark-red liquid (see BROMINE).
2498 Bromine is a reddish liquid chemical element.
2499 Bromley (pop. 281,700) is a borough within the Greater London area of England.
2500 Bromsgrove (pop. 89,800) is a local government district in the county of Hereford and Worcester,
England.
2501 Bromwich, John (1918-...), was one Australia's finest tennis players.
2502 Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the air passages in the lungs.
2503
Bronchoscope is an instrument used to examine the windpipe and the bronchial tubes of the lungs.
2504 Bronco is an American cowhand's term for a bad-tempered or untamed horse.
2505 Bronhill, June (1930-...), an Australian soprano, won international acclaim in opera and operetta after
winning the Sun aria contest in 1950.
2506 Bronowski, Jacob (1908-1974), was a British scientist, writer, and broadcaster.
2507 Bronte sisters were three sisters who became famous novelists--Charlotte (1816-1855), Emily (1818-
1848), and Anne (1820-1849).
2508 Bronze is an alloy made primarily of copper and tin.
2509 Bronze Age was the period when people used bronze for tools and weapons.
2510 Brook, Peter Stephen Paul (1925-...), is a brilliant and versatile British producer and director.
2511 Brook Farm was an experimental socialist community established in 1841 near Boston, Massachusetts,
U.S.A. Members of a philosophical movement called transcendentalism founded the farm to develop a
union between intellectual growth and manual labour.
2512 Brooke, Sir James (1803-1868), was an English adventurer and statesman who became ruler of the
state of Sarawak in Borneo (now part of Malaysia).
2513 Brooke, Leonard Leslie (1862-1940), an English portrait painter and water-colourist, is known best for
his picture books.
2514 Brooke, Rupert Chawner (1887-1915), was a British poet whose name is associated with World War I
(1914-1918).
2515 Brookeborough, Lord (1888-1973), Basil Stanlake Brooke, was prime minister of Northern Ireland from
1943 to 1963.
2516 Brookes, Sir Norman (1877-1968), an Australian tennis player, won the Wimbledon singles
championship in 1907 and 1914.
2517 Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization engaged in nonpartisan study of economic,
governmental, and international issues and the social sciences.
2518 Brooklyn Bridge is a suspension bridge over the East River.
2519
Brooks, Gwendolyn (1917-...), an American poet, was the first black American to win a Pulitzer Prize.
2520 Broom is the name of a group of attractive shrubs.
2521 Broom, Robert (1866-1951), was a Scottish anatomist and palaeontologist who made major fossil
discoveries in South Africa.
2522 Broome (pop. 11,151) is a port on the northwestern coast of Western Australia.
2523 Broome, David (1940-...), is one of the United Kingdom's finest professional showjumpers.
2524 Broughton, William Grant (1788-1853), was the first Anglican bishop in Australia.
2525 Brouwer, Adriaen (1605 or 1606-1638), was a Flemish painter.
2526 Brown, Alexander Crum (1838-1922), was a Scottish chemist who was particularly interested in applying
mathematics to chemistry.
2527 Brown, Capability (1715-1783), founded the English style of landscape gardening.
2528 Brown, Christy (1932-1981), was an Irish author and poet.
2529 Brown, George Mackay (1921-1996), was a Scottish writer who won fame for his poetry, short stories,
novels, and essays.
2530 Brown, Gordon (1951-...), a British politician, became chancellor of the exchequer in the Labour
government in 1997.
2531 Brown, Jacob Jennings (1775-1828), was an American hero of the War of 1812.
2532 Brown, John (1800-1859), was a radical American abolitionist whose attempt to free the slaves cost a
number of lives and helped indirectly to bring on the American Civil War (1861-1865).
2533 Brown, Joseph Rogers (1810-1876), was an American inventor and manufacturer of mechanical
devices.
2534 Brown, Marcia Joan (1918-...), is an American illustrator of children's books.
2535 Brown, Robert (1773-1858), was a Scottish doctor and botanist.
2536 Brown lung is a lung disease that affects many workers in cotton textile mills.
2537 Brown recluse is a brownish, poisonous spider found in the United States.
2538 Brown snakes, to most Australians, are the common brown snakes of eastern Australia.
2539 Brown-tail moth is an Old World species introduced to eastern North America.
2540 Brown thrasher is a large, handsome bird of the eastern United States and Canada.
2541 Browne, Sir Thomas (1605-1682), was an English author and physician.
2542 Brownell, Herbert, Jr. (1904-1996), served as attorney general under U.S. President Dwight D.
Eisenhower from 1953 to 1957.
2543 Brownie, in British folklore, is a helpful, kind-hearted creature.
2544 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (1806-1861), was a famous poet of Victorian England.
2545 Browning, John Moses (1855-1926), invented and designed more successful firearms than any other
American.
2546 Browning, Robert (1812-1889), was one of the greatest poets of Victorian England.
2547 Broxbourne (pop. 79,500) is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England.
2548 Broxtowe (pop. 104,600) is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England.
2549 Brubeck, Dave (1920-...), is an American pianist and composer who led one of the most popular jazz
combos of the 1950's and 1960's.
2550 Bruce, Christopher (1945-...), is a British dancer and choreographer.
2551 Bruce, Sir David (1855-1931), a British surgeon, devoted his life to the study of tropical diseases.
2552 Bruce, Mary Grant (1878-1958), an Australian author, was famous for her Billabong books, children's
novels about the Linton family of Billabong Station, in northeastern Victoria, Australia.
2553 Bruce, Robert (1274-1329), a gallant Scottish king, spent most of his life trying to free his country from
English rule.
2554 Bruce, Stanley (1883-1967), Lord Bruce of Melbourne, served Australia as prime minister from 1923 to
1929.
2555 Brucellosis is an infectious disease that occurs worldwide in both human beings and animals.
2556 Bruch, Max (1838-1920), was a German composer.
2557 Bruckner, Anton (1824-1896), was an Austrian composer of the romantic period.
2558 Bruegel, Pieter, the Elder (1525?-1569), was a Flemish painter.
2559 Bruges (pop. 118,218) is a picturesque city in Belgium.
2560 Bruhn, Erik (1928-1986), a Danish ballet dancer, was considered by many experts to be the best male
dancer of his time.
2561 Bruise is an injury on the surface of the body produced by a sharp blow or fall.
2562
Brumby is the name given in Australia to any horse that has escaped from domestication and run wild.
2563 Brummell, George Bryan (1778-1840), was an English dandy known as Beau Brummell.
2564 Brunei is a small country in Southeast Asia.
2565 Brunel is the name of two engineers, father and son, known for their work in Britain.
2566 Brunelleschi, Filippo (1377?-1446), was the first important architect of the Italian Renaissance.
2567 Brunhild is a mythical heroine who appears in German legends dating from the A.D. 400's.
2568 Brunner, Thomas (1821-1874), was a British explorer and surveyor who made the first extensive
explorations in the West Coast region of the South Island of New Zealand.
2569 Bruno, Frank (1961-...), a British boxer, won the World Boxing Council (WBC) World heavyweight boxing
title in September 1995.
2570 Bruno, Giordano (1548-1600), was one of the most prominent philosophers of the Renaissance.
2571 Brunswick was the name of a distinguished German family descended from the Welf family (see
GUELPHS AND GHIBELLINES).
2572 Brush is a device with hair, bristle, wire, or fibre, usually set in a handle or in a round hub that attaches to
a power tool.
2573 Brussels (pop. 137,738; met. area pop. 989,877) is the capital of Belgium.
2574 Brussels griffon is a Belgian toy dog with a distinct monkeylike face.
2575 Brussels sprout is a vegetable with a flavour like that of mild cabbage.
2576
Brut was the great-grandson of Aeneas, the mythical Trojan hero and ancestor of the Roman people.
2577 Bruton, John (1947-...), an Irish Fine Gael politician, was taoiseach (prime minister) of the Republic of
Ireland from 1994 to 1997.
2578 Brutus, Marcus Junius (85?-42 B.C.), was a Roman statesman and general who helped assassinate the
Roman emperor Julius Caesar.
2579 Bryan, William Jennings (1860-1925) was an American Democratic Party politician.
2580 Bryant, Sir Arthur (1899-1985), was a British historian and author.
2581 Bryant, Gridley (1789-1867), was the supervising engineer for one of the first corporations to build and
operate a railway in the United States.
2582 Bryant, William Cullen (1794-1878), was the first great American poet.
2583 Bryce, David (1803-1876), was a leading Scottish architect.
2584 Bryce Canyon National Park, which lies in southern Utah, U.S.A., contains some of the world's most
oddly shaped and beautifully coloured rocks.
2585 Brydone, Thomas (1837-1904), was the founder of the New Zealand frozen-meat export industry.
2586
Brymer, Jack (1915-...), an outstanding British clarinetist, became a popular soloist in many countries.
2587 Bryophyte is any of a group of small, nonflowering green plants made up of mosses, liverworts, and
hornworts.
2588 Bryozoan is a type of water animal that lives only in colonies.
2589 Bubble chamber is a device physicists use to study subatomic particles.
2590 Bubble gum is a form of chewing gum.
2591 Buber, Martin (1878-1965), was one of the greatest Jewish philosophers of modern times.
2592 Bubonic plague is one of the most formidable epidemic diseases.
2593 Buccaneer Archipelago is a group of islands that lies at the entrance to Yampi Sound, on the
northwestern coast of Western Australia.
2594 Buchan, John (1875-1940), a British diplomat and author, served as governor general of Canada from
1935 to 1940.
2595 Buchanan, James (1791-1868), was president of the United States from 1857 to 1861.
2596 Bucharest, or, in Romanian, Bucuresti (pop. 1,961,189; met. area pop. 2,227,568), is the capital and
largest city of Romania.
2597 Buchenwald was a Nazi concentration camp located near Weimar, Germany.
2598 Buchman, Frank Nathan Daniel (1878-1961), was an American clergyman who founded the Oxford
Group in the 1920's.
2599 Buchner, Georg (1813-1837), a German writer, is often considered a forerunner of the naturalism
movement of the late 1800's.
2600 Buchwald, Art (1925-...), is an American newspaper columnist who specializes in political and social
satire.
2601 Buck, Frank (1884-1950), was an American wild-animal authority and collector.
2602 Buck, Pearl S. (1892-1973), an American author, won the 1938 Nobel Prize for literature.
2603 Buck, Sir Peter (1880-1951), was a Maori leader and anthropologist.
2604 Buck-jumping is a sport in which riders try to stay on bucking horses.
2605 Buckingham, Duke of (1592-1628), an English nobleman, was the real ruler of England during the later
years of King James I and the first three years of King Charles I. His forename and family name were
George Villiers.
2606 Buckingham Palace is the London residence of the United Kingdom's monarch.
2607 Buckinghamshire is a small county in southern England, near London.
2608 Buckland Tableland is an area of raised land in central eastern Queensland, Australia.
2609 Buckley, William (1780-1856), an escaped convict, lived with Aborigines in Victoria, Australia, for 32
years.
2610 Buckley, William F., Jr. (1925-...), an American editor and author, is one of the best-known spokesmen
for political conservatism in the United States.
2611 Buckskin is a velvetlike finished leather made from the skin of deer or elk.
2612 Buckthorn is the name of about 150 species of shrubs and small trees native to the Northern
Hemisphere.
2613 Buckwheat is a plant grown for its starchy seeds.
2614 Bud is a cluster of developing leaves surrounding a growing point of a plant.
2615 Budapest (pop. 1,995,696) is the capital and largest city of Hungary.
2616
Buddha (563?-483? B.C.) is the title given to the founder of Buddhism, one of the world's great religions.
2617 Buddhism is one of the major religious and philosophical traditions in the world.
2618 Budge, Don (1915-...), an American tennis player, was the first man in history to win the world's four
major tennis championships in one year.
2619 Budgerigars are small parrots that live in inland and some coastal areas of Australia.
2620 Budget is a financial plan that helps people make the best possible use of their money.
2621 Buenaventura (pop. 193,185) is an important port on the Pacific Coast of Colombia.
2622
Buenos Aires (pop. 2,965,403; met. area pop. 10,934,729) is the capital and largest city of Argentina.
2623 Buffalo (pop. 328,123; met. area pop. 968,532) is the second largest city in the state of New York and
one of the major industrial and transportation centres of the United States.
2624 Buffalo is the common name of several kinds of large wild oxen.
2625 Buffalo Bill (1846-1917), whose real name was William Frederick Cody, was a rugged frontiersman and
noted marksman of the American West.
2626
Buffalo fish is a large, dark-coloured fish that lives in fresh water from southern Canada to Guatemala.
2627 Buffalo Lodges have more than 100,000 members in Australia and New Zealand.
2628 Bug is the common name of all insects, but true bugs are insects of the order Hemiptera.
2629 Bugbane is a tall, perennial plant with large, broad leaves divided into many leaflets.
2630 Bugis are tribal people of Indonesia.
2631 Bugle is a wind instrument widely used by drum and bugle corps and by some bands.
2632 Buick, David Dunbar (1855-1929), was a pioneering car manufacturer.
2633
Building construction. The construction of the homes and buildings in which people live and work has
been a major industry ever since early human beings first made huts of sticks, mud, or rocks.
2634 Building society is a specialist savings bank.
2635 Building stone ranks in importance with steel as a construction material.
2636 Building trade is any one of the branches of a large section of industry concerned with the construction
of public buildings, homes, bridges, canals, harbours, railways, reservoirs, roads and motorways,
sewers, and tunnels.
2637 Bujumbura (pop. 151,000) is the capital and largest city of Burundi.
2638 Bulawayo (pop. 413,800) is the second largest city and a major industrial centre of Zimbabwe.
2639 Bulb is a round, underground structure that develops in certain flowering plants.
2640 Bulbul is any member of a family of about 120 species of tropical songbirds found in Africa and southern
Asia.
2641 Bulfinch, Charles (1763-1844), an American architect, is generally considered the greatest architect New
England has produced.
2642 Bulfinch, Thomas (1796-1867), was an American writer who became famous for his popular retelling of
myths and legends for young people.
2643 Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (1895-1975), was premier of the Soviet Union from 1955 to 1958, when
Nikita S. Khrushchev replaced him.
2644 Bulgaria is a country on the Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe.
2645 Bulimia is a disorder in which individuals experience frequent and uncontrollable periods of overeating
called binges.
2646 Bull, in the Roman Catholic Church, is a decree or mandate issued by the pope on important or solemn
occasions.
2647 Bull, John Wrathall (1804-1885), an Australian pioneer, helped to revolutionize agriculture with his steamdriven
threshing machine, which he invented in 1842.
2648 Bull ants include several species (kinds) of ants in Australia.
2649 Bull roarer is a propeller-shaped piece of hardwood made by the Australian Aborigines.
2650 Bull terrier is a medium-sized dog that originally was bred in England from the bulldog and the old white
English terrier.
2651 Bulldog is a medium-sized dog with a thick, heavy, low-slung body.
2652 Bulldozer is an earth-moving machine.
2653 Bullet is a pointed cylinder of lead or other metal that is fired from a pistol, a revolver, a rifle, or a
machine gun.
2654 Bulletin board service is a communications feature available on computer networks.
2655 Bullfighting is a contest between a bull and a man called a matador.
2656 Bullfinch is a small, stout-billed songbird found in Europe and Asia.
2657 Bullfrog is the largest species (kind) of frog to be found in the United States.
2658 Bullhead is the name given to six species of North American freshwater catfish.
2659 Bullins, Ed (1935-...), is a black American playwright.
2660 Bullion is gold or silver bars called ingots that are considered as metals or commodities rather than as
money.
2661 Bullmastiff is a dog bred by crossing the bulldog and the mastiff.
2662 Bullock teams were the foundation of the Australian transport industry.
2663 Bulrush is the name given to several plants of the sedge family.
2664 Bulwer-Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton (1803-1873), was a historical novelist and playwright in
Victorian England.
2665 Bumble bee is a large, burly, black and yellow bee that may be seen flying from flower to flower during
the summer.
2666 Bunbury (pop. 25,662) is a city on Geographe Bay in Western Australia.
2667 Bunchberry, or dwarf cornel, is a flowering plant related to dogwood.
2668 Bunche, Ralph Johnson (1904-1971), was an American statesman.
2669 Bundaberg (pop. 48,530) is a city in southeastern Queensland, Australia.
2670 Bundy, McGeorge (1919-1996), served as special assistant for national security affairs under Presidents
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.
2671 Bunin, Ivan (1870-1953), was the first Russian to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.
2672 Bunion is a hard swelling at the point where the great toe connects with the rest of the foot.
2673 Bunker Hill, Battle of, was the bloodiest battle of the American War of Independence (1775-1783).
2674 Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm (1811-1899), was a German chemist.
2675 Bunsen burner is a gas burner used for heating substances in scientific laboratories.
2676 Bunting is the name of small, stout-billed, seed-eating birds of the finch family that live throughout the
Northern Hemisphere.
2677 Bunton, Haydn (1911-1955), was one of the greatest Australian Rules footballers.
2678 Bunuel, Luis (1900-1983), was a Spanish-born film director and writer.
2679 Bunya ceremony was a periodic gathering of the Aborigines of southeast Queensland, Australia, in the
Bunya Mountains.
2680 Bunyan, John (1628-1688), an English preacher, wrote The Pilgrim's Progress (1678, 1684).
2681 Bunyan, Paul, is a giant lumberjack in American folklore.
2682
Bunyip is a legendary Australian animal that, according to the Australian Aborigines, lives in water holes.
2683 Buoy is a floating object that is anchored in the water to guide ships.
2684 Burbage was the family name of an English theatrical family of Shakespeare's time.
2685 Burbank, Luther (1849-1926), was an American plant breeder, nurseryman, and horticulturist.
2686 Burchfield, Charles Ephraim (1893-1967), was an American water-colour painter of landscapes and rural
life.
2687 Burckhardt, Jakob (1818-1897), was a Swiss historian who wrote History of the Renaissance in Italy
(1867).
2688 Burdekin River Irrigation Project is the largest irrigation scheme in Queensland, Australia.
2689 Burdock is a coarse, hairy plant.
2690 Bureaucracy is a system that carries out the functions of a government or a private organization.
2691 Burger, Warren Earl (1907-1995), served as chief justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986.
2692 Burgess, Anthony (1917-1993), was an English novelist and critic.
2693 Burgess, Gelett (1866-1951), was an American writer and illustrator.
2694 Burgess, Thornton Waldo (1874-1965), was an American author of children's books about animals and
wildlife.
2695 Burgh was an administrative area in Scotland.
2696 Burghley, Lord (1520-1598), also spelled Burleigh, was an English statesman.
2697 Burglar alarm is an electronic device that helps protect cars, offices, homes, and other buildings from
intruders.
2698 Burglary is a crime that is defined differently by the laws of different countries.
2699 Burgoyne, John (1722-1792), was a British general at the time of the American Revolution, and a writer
of plays.
2700 Burgundy is a historic region in east-central France.
2701 Burhanuddin, al-Hemy (1911-1969), was a Malay political leader.
2702 Burke, Arleigh Albert (1901-1996), was an American naval officer in World War II (1939-1945).
2703 Burke, Brian (1947-...), an Australian Labor Party politician, was premier of Western Australia from 1983
to 1988.
2704 Burke, Edmund (1729-1797), a British statesman, influenced the history of many countries besides
England.
2705 Burke, Kenneth (1897-1993), was an American philosopher.
2706 Burke, Ray (1943-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, was the Republic of Ireland's minister for justice
from February 1991 until February 1992.
2707 Burke, Richard (1932-...), an American-born Republic of Ireland politician, became a European
Community commissioner in 1976.
2708 Burke, Robert O'Hara (1821-1861), led the tragic expedition that first crossed the Australian continent
from south to north.
2709 Burke and Hare were notorious murderers in the early 1800's.
2710 Burke's Peerage is a book that contains the names of all the peers and baronets of the United Kingdom
and of some Irish peers.
2711 Burkina Faso is a country in western Africa.
2712 Burlap is a coarse, heavy cloth woven with yarns made from fibres of the jute plant.
2713 Burleigh Heads is a town on Queensland's Gold Coast, in Australia.
2714
Burlesque was a popular form of variety entertainment in the United States during the early 1900's.
2715 Burma is a country in Southeast Asia.
2716
Burma Road was built between 1937 and 1938 to carry war supplies to China for its war against Japan.
2717 Burne-Jones, Sir Edward (1833-1898), was a British painter whose meticulously executed works made
him one of the foremost artists of his day.
2718 Burnett River runs for 435 kilometres, rising in the Burnett Ranges in southeastern Queensland,
Australia, and flowing through Bundaberg before reaching the Pacific Ocean at Burnett Heads.
2719 Burnet, Sir Macfarlane (1899-1985), an Australian doctor and virologist, shared the 1960 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine with Peter Brian Medawar.
2720 Burnett, Frances Hodgson (1849-1924), was an English-born author best known for her children's novel
Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886).
2721 Burney, Fanny (1752-1840), was an English author.
2722 Burnham, Daniel Hudson (1846-1912), was an American architect.
2723 Burnie (pop. 20,483) is an important town and deepwater port on the northwestern coast of Tasmania,
Australia.
2724 Burnley (pop. 89,000) is an industrial town in Lancashire, England.
2725 Burns, John (1858-1943), a British politician and labour leader, was the first person from a working-class
family to become a member of the Cabinet.
2726 Burns, Robert (1759-1796), is the national poet of Scotland.
2727 Burns, William John (1861-1932), was a prominent American detective.
2728 Burns and scalds rank among the most serious and painful injuries.
2729 Burnside, Ambrose Everett (1824-1881), was a Union general in the American Civil War.
2730 Burrawongs, also spelled burrawangs, belong to a family of cone-bearing plants that superficially
resemble palms.
2731 Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1875-1950), an American author, created Tarzan, one of the most famous
characters in fiction.
2732 Burroughs, William (1855-1898), an American inventor, is best known for his development of the adding
machine.
2733 Burroughs, William S. (1914-1997), was an American writer.
2734 Bursitis is a disorder that causes pain in the body's joints.
2735 Burt, Sir Cyril (1883-1971), was an English psychologist who pioneered intelligence testing among
children.
2736 Burton, Richard (1925-1984), became a leading film and stage actor.
2737 Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1821-1890), was a British explorer and language expert who became
famous for his travels in Africa and his translations of Arab literature.
2738 Burton, Virginia Lee (1909-1968), was an American painter, designer, author, and illustrator.
2739 Burundi is one of the smallest and most crowded countries in Africa.
2740 Bury (pop. 172,200) is a textile town in Lancashire, England.
2741
Burying beetle, also called the sexton beetle, is an insect that buries small dead animals and birds.
2742 Bus is a vehicle that carries passengers along streets and main roads.
2743 Busch, Fritz (1890-1951), was a German conductor.
2744 Bush, George (1924-...), was president of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
2745 Bush, Vannevar (1890-1974), was a famous United States electrical engineer and scientific research
administrator.
2746 Bush Nursing Associations provide the benefits of home nursing to people living in the thinly populated
areas of the Australian bush or outback.
2747 Bushel is the common measure of bulky articles of commerce.
2748
Bushfires are large forest, grass, and scrub fires that threaten lives and property in Australia each year.
2749
Bushing is a hollow cylinder used as a removable lining in moving machine parts and electrical parts.
2750 Bushmaster is a large poisonous snake of Central America, tropical parts of South America, and
Trinidad.
2751
Bushrangers were criminals who operated in country districts of Australia from about 1790 until 1900.
2752 Bushwalking is a sport enjoyed by many Australians.
2753 Bushveld Complex is a 50,000-square-kilometre area of volcanic rocks in the central Transvaal, South
Africa.
2754 Business includes the activities of all commercial producers of goods and services.
2755 Business cycle is the pattern of the business activity of a nation's economy.
2756 Business law, also called commercial law, is the body of legal rules that applies to everyday business
transactions.
2757 Busoni, Ferruccio Benvenuto, (1866-1924), was an Italian pianist, conductor, and composer.
2758 Bussell, Grace (1860-1935), heroically rode a horse into raging surf to rescue passengers on the shipwrecked
steamer Georgette.
2759 Bustamante, Sir William Alexander (1884-1977), became Jamaica's first prime minister when the island
gained independence in 1962.
2760
Bustard is a large game bird which lives on the dry, open plains of all continents except the Americas.
2761 Butane and propane are colourless, flammable gases.
2762
Butcherbird is the name given in Australia to birds that resemble shrikes, the butcherbirds of Europe.
2763 Bute, Earl of (1713-1792), became British prime minister in 1762.
2764 Buthelezi, Mangosuthu Gatsha (1928-...), is a political leader in South Africa.
2765 Butler, Benjamin Franklin (1818-1893), an American statesman and general, became one of the most
hated Northern officers in the South during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
2766 Butler, Josephine (1828-1906), a British social reformer, vigorously opposed the white slave trade and
the exploitation of women.
2767
Butler, R. A. (1902-1982), Lord Butler of Saffron Walden, was a British Conservative Party politician.
2768 Butler, Reg (1913-1981), was a British sculptor whose intelligence, assurance, and technical skill won
him a place among the world's great sculptors.
2769 Butler, Samuel (1613-1680), was an English poet and satirist.
2770
Butler, Samuel (1835-1902), an English author, is best known for the satirical novel Erewhon (1872).
2771 Butlin, Sir Billy (1899-1980), a pioneer of holiday camps in the United Kingdom, opened his first holiday
camp, at Skegness, in 1936.
2772 Butt, Isaac (1813-1879), an Irish politician, founded a Home Rule League in 1873, with the aim of
gaining internal self-government for Ireland.
2773 Butte is a steep-sided hill or small mountain that stands alone, rising sharply above the surrounding
countryside.
2774 Butter is a tasty spread for bread.
2775 Buttercup is a bright yellow wild flower found in most parts of the temperate zones.
2776 Butterfish is the name given to several fish that have slippery skins covered with mucus.
2777 Butterfly is one of the most beautiful of all insects.
2778
Butterflyfish is a colourful fish that lives around coral reefs in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas.
2779 Buttermilk is the milky liquid remaining after cream has been churned to make butter.
2780 Butternut, or white walnut, is a medium-sized spreading tree which belongs to the walnut family.
2781 Butterwort is one of a group of plants that trap insects.
2782 Button is a disc or other object used to hold a garment closed.
2783
Buttrose, Ita (1942-...), an Australian editor and media personality, founded ITA Magazine in 1989.
2784
Buvelot, Louis (1814-1888), is considered by critics to be the founder of Australian landscape painting.
2785 Buxar, Battle of, was a decisive battle fought between British and Indian forces at Buxar, a town on the
Ganges River.
2786 Buxtehude, Dietrich (1637-1707), was a German composer and organist.
2787
Buxton, Sir Fowell (1786-1845), was a British social reformer concerned with slavery and prison life.
2788 Buzzard is any one of a group of birds of prey closely related to hawks.
2789 Bylaws are rules adopted by members of a club, corporation, or society.
2790 Byng, John (1704-1757), a British admiral, was executed for neglect of duty during the Seven Years'
War (see SEVEN YEARS' WAR).
2791 Byng, Julian Hedworth George (1862-1935), was governor general of Canada from 1921 to 1926.
2792 Byrd was the family name of two famous Americans, father and son.
2793 Byrd, Harry Flood (1887-1966), was an American politician.
2794 Byrd, Richard Evelyn (1888-1957), an American rear admiral, was an Antarctic and Arctic explorer,
aviator, and navigator.
2795 Byrd, William (1543-1623), was an English composer known for his religious music.
2796 Byrne, Joe (1857-1880), was a member of Ned Kelly's gang of Australian bushrangers.
2797 Byrnes, James Francis (1879-1972), is best remembered as secretary of state under U.S. President
Harry S. Truman from 1945 to 1947.
2798 Byron, Lord (1788-1824), was the most colourful of the English romantic poets.
2799 Byron Bay (pop. 7,730), is a town on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia.
2800
Byzantine art was a style of Eastern Christian art that flourished during the time of the Byzantine Empire.
2801 Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire.
2802 C is the third letter of the English alphabet.
2803 Cabal is a close-knit group of people who work privately or secretly to carry out their own plans.
2804 Cabbage is a common vegetable native to England and northwestern France, but grown throughout
Europe, Asia, and America.
2805
Cabbage palm is the name given to several kinds of palm trees whose young leaf buds can be eaten.
2806 Cabell, James Branch (1879-1958), was an American author.
2807
Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez (1490?-1557?), was a Spanish explorer of both North and South America.
2808 Cabinda is a district of Angola and a major oil-producing area.
2809 Cabinet is a group of advisers who help the head of a government establish policies and make
decisions.
2810 Cable is an insulated bundle of metal wires or threadlike fibres that carry electric current.
2811 Cable is a unit of nautical measurement.
2812 Cable, George Washington (1844-1925), was an American writer known for his books about Creoles,
who were natives of Louisiana descended from French and Spanish settlers.
2813 Cable car is a passenger vehicle that is pulled by a constantly moving wire cable.
2814 Caboolture is a town about 50 kilometres north of Brisbane, Australia.
2815 Cabot is the family name of two navigators, father and son, who made important explorations in the
Western Hemisphere.
2816 Cabral, Pedro Alvares (1467?-1528?), was a Portuguese navigator who sailed to Brazil in 1500 and
claimed it for Portugal.
2817 Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez (?-1543), led the first European expedition to explore the coast of what is now
California, U.S.A. His explorations aided the Spanish in the settling of California.
2818 Cabrini, Saint Frances Xavier (1850-1917), was the first United States citizen to be made a saint by the
Roman Catholic Church.
2819 Cacao is an evergreen tree whose seeds, or beans, are used to make chocolate and cocoa.
2820 Cactus is any of a family of plants that are native to North and South America and usually have clusters
of spines.
2821 Cadbury is the name of an English Quaker family of businessmen, social reformers, and liberals.
2822 Cade, Jack, was the leader of a rebellion directed against waste and corruption in the government of
Henry VI of England.
2823 Cadence is rhythm of sound or motion.
2824 Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe (1656?-1730), a French colonist, founded Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. He
also served as governor of French Louisiana.
2825 Cadiz (pop. 157,766), is a great Spanish port.
2826 Cadman, Charles Wakefield (1881-1946), was an American composer.
2827 Cadman's Cottage is one of the oldest buildings in Sydney.
2828 Cadmium, a chemical element, is a soft, silvery-white metal used for alloys and plating.
2829 Cadmus, in Greek mythology, was the son of Agenor, the king of Tyre, a city in Phoenicia.
2830 Cadogan, Sir Alexander (1884-1968), a British diplomat, played a part in making vital decisions during
World War II (1939-1945).
2831 Caedmon was a British poet who lived in England in the late 600's.
2832 Caerleon is a small town in Gwent in South Wales.
2833 Caernarvonshire was a county in northwestern Wales.
2834 Caesar was a title which came from the family name of Julius Caesar, who ruled Rome as a monarch
without a crown from 49 to 44 B.C. Octavian, Caesar's great-nephew and adopted son, took his greatuncle's
name and also the title of Augustus.
2835 Caesar, John (?-1796), known as Black Caesar, was Australia's first bushranger.
2836 Caesar, Julius (100?-44 B.C.), was one of ancient Rome's greatest generals and statesmen.
2837 Caesium is a soft, silvery metallic element.
2838 Caetano, Marcello (1906-1980), was premier of Portugal from 1968 to 1974.
2839 Caffeine is an odourless, slightly bitter solid.
2840 Cagayan de Oro (pop. 339,598), is the capital of Misamis Oriental, a province in the Philippines.
2841 Cage, John (1912-1992), was perhaps the most controversial modern American composer.
2842
Cagney, James (1899-1986), an American film actor, became famous for his roles as a cocky tough guy.
2843 Cahow is a rare sea bird.
2844 Cain, in the Bible and the Quran, was the eldest son of Adam and Eve.
2845
Caine, Sir Hall (1853-1931), a British author, used the Isle of Man as the setting for many of his novels.
2846 Cairn terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the Highlands and island regions of Scotland.
2847 Cairngorm Mountains are in the central Highlands of Scotland.
2848 Cairns (pop. 49,334; met. area pop. 97,640), is the main city of north Queensland in Australia.
2849 Cairns, James (1914-...), a member of the Australian Labor Party, was deputy prime minister in 1974
and 1975.
2850 Cairo (pop. 6,800,000), is the capital of Egypt.
2851 Caisson, in building, is a watertight chamber used in the construction of building foundations, bridges,
tunnels, and other structures.
2852 Caithness was a local government district in Highland Region, Scotland.
2853 Cajuns are a group of people in southern Louisiana and Texas, USA, who are descendants of French
settlers called Acadians.
2854 Calabash is a gourd that grows on a climbing vine in the tropics.
2855 Caladium is a group of foliage plants that grow in tropical America.
2856 Calais (pop. 76,527), a seaport in northern France, is closer to England than any other city in mainland
Europe.
2857 Calamity Jane (1852?-1903) was the nickname of Martha Jane Canary, a famous American
frontierswoman.
2858 Calceolaria is a plant with round or pouch-shaped flowers, generally brightly coloured.
2859 Calcite is one of the most common minerals in the earth.
2860 Calcium, a chemical element, is a soft, silvery-white metal found most widely in such rocks as chalk,
limestone, and marble.
2861 Calcium carbide is a hard, brittle, crystalline compound made of calcium and carbon.
2862 Calcium carbonate is a white, crystalline mineral.
2863 Calcium-channel blocker is any of a group of drugs used to treat various disorders of the heart and blood
vessels.
2864 Calculator is a device that adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides with accuracy and speed.
2865 Calculus is one of the most important branches of mathematics.
2866
Calcutta (pop. 4,399,819; met. area pop. 10,916,272), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
2867 Caldecott, Randolph (1846-1886), was a British illustrator of children's books.
2868 Caldecott Medal is an annual American award for the most distinguished picture book for children
published during the previous year.
2869 Calder, Alexander (1898-1976), was one of the first American sculptors of international significance, and
one of the best-known American artists of the 1900's.
2870 Calderdale (pop. 187,300), is a local government area in west Yorkshire, England, administered from the
town of Halifax.
2871 Calderon de la Barca, Pedro (1600-1681), was a Spanish playwright, and the last great writer of Spain's
Golden Age.
2872 Calderone, Mary Steichen (1904-...), an American doctor, won fame for her efforts to promote sex
education in schools.
2873 Caldwell, Erskine (1903-1987), was an American author best known for the sensationalism of his novels
about rural life in the Southern United States.
2874 Caledonia is the ancient Roman name for northern Scotland.
2875 Caledonian Canal is a system of canals and locks linking the freshwater lochs (lakes) that lie in Glen
Mor, Scotland.
2876 Calendar is a system of measuring and recording the passage of time.
2877 Calendula is a group of herbs of the daisy family.
2878 Calgary (pop. 710,677) is the oil centre of Canada and the largest city in the province of Alberta.
2879 Calico is a cotton fabric of plain weave.
2880 California is a state on the West Coast of the United States.
2881 Californium is an artificially produced radioactive chemical element.
2882 Caligula (A.D. 12-41), was a Roman emperor.
2883 Calla is a flowerlike herb with a white, yellow, or pink leaf shaped like a funnel or bell.
2884 Callaghan, Jim (1912-...), was the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979.
2885 Callao (pop. 640,000), is the chief port and second largest city of Peru.
2886 Callas, Maria (1923-1977), was an American-born soprano.
2887
Callide Valley is situated in central Queensland, Australia, about 96 kilometres southwest of Gladstone.
2888 Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting.
2889 Calliope is an organlike musical instrument that creates sounds by forcing compressed steam through
pipes.
2890 Calliper is an instrument much like a geometry compass.
2891 Callisthenics are exercises that help strengthen and stretch body muscles.
2892 Callot, Jacques (1592-1635), was a major French printmaker.
2893 Caloundra (pop. 53,765), is an Australian tourist resort on the Sunshine Coast, 96 kilometres north of
Brisbane.
2894 Callus is a hardening and thickening of the skin.
2895 Calms, Regions of, are places in the atmosphere which usually have little or no wind.
2896 Caloocan (pop. 601,660), is a city on the island of Luzon in the Philippines.
2897 Calorie is a unit used to measure heat energy in the metric system of measurement.
2898
Calvary, called Golgotha in Hebrew, is the spot outside ancient Jerusalem where Christ was crucified.
2899 Calvin, John (1509-1564), was one of the chief leaders of the Protestant Reformation.
2900 Calvin, Melvin (1911-...), an American chemist, received the 1961 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his
studies of photosynthesis.
2901 Calwell, Arthur (1896-1973), was leader of the Australian Labor Party from 1960 to 1967.
2902 Calypso is a type of music that originated on the island of Trinidad, in the Caribbean Sea.
2903 Cambodia is a Southeast Asian country that borders on Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
2904 Cambria is an old name for Wales.
2905 Cambric is a fine white cotton cloth of plain weave.
2906 Cambridge (pop. 101,000), is a city in England and the home of Cambridge University.
2907 Cambridge University is a famous university in the United Kingdom.
2908 Cambridgeshire is an inland county in eastern England.
2909 Camden (pop. 22,477), is a town 51 kilometres southwest of Sydney on the Nepean River.
2910 Camden (pop. 170,500), is a borough within Greater London.
2911 Camden, William (1551-1623), was an English antiquary and historian.
2912 Camel is a large, strong desert animal.
2913 Camellia is a group of about 80 semitropical evergreen trees or shrubs.
2914
Camel's-hair cloth is a soft, medium-weight woollen cloth made from the fur of the Bactrian camel.
2915 Cameo is an engraved gem with the designs carved so they project from the surface.
2916 Camera is an instrument used for taking photographs or making films.
2917 Camera lucida is a sketching device that consists of a four-sided prism and a magnifying glass, both
attached to a frame.
2918 Camera obscura is a box used for sketching large objects.
2919 Cameron, Julia Margaret (1815-1879), a British photographer, pioneered in the field of artistic
photography.
2920 Cameroon is a country on the west coast of Africa.
2921
Camilleri, Charles (1931-...), a Maltese composer, was the first to write operas with Maltese librettos.
2922 Camm, Sir Sydney (1893-1966), was a leading British aircraft engineer.
2923 Camomile is a group of small plants that are sometimes used as medicinal herbs.
2924 Camorra was a secret society of criminals that formed in Naples, Italy, in the early 1800's.
2925 Camouflage is the art of hiding military equipment and troops from an enemy.
2926 Camp, Walter (1859-1925), is often called the father of American football.
2927 Camp Cove in Australia was the site of Governor Arthur Phillip's first landing within Port Jackson when
he explored Sydney Harbour from Botany Bay in 1788.
2928 Camp David is the official retreat of the president of the United States.
2929 Campanile is a bell tower.
2930 Campanula is a group of slender plants with bell-shaped flowers that grow wild in Europe, Asia, and
North America.
2931
Campbell, David (1915-1979), an Australian poet, became known for his lyrics about the countryside.
2932 Campbell, Donald (1921-1967), became the first speedboat racer to drive faster than 320 kph and live to
talk about it.
2933 Campbell, Sir John (1779-1861), a British lawyer, politician, and writer, played a major part in reforming
English law.
2934 Campbell, Sir John Logan (1817-1912), was one of the first Europeans to settle in Auckland, in the North
island of New Zealand, where he established the first retail shop.
2935 Campbell, Kim (1947-...), became Canada's first woman prime minister on June 25, 1993, after being
elected leader of the ruling Progressive Conservative Party on June 13.
2936 Campbell, Mrs. Patrick (1865-1940), was a British stage actress.
2937 Campbell, Robert (1769-1846), was an Australian merchant, farmer, politician, and philanthropist.
2938 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry (1836-1908), served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from
1905 to 1908.
2939 Campbelltown (pop. 137,898), is a city in New South Wales, Australia, 50 kilometres southwest of
Sydney.
2940 Campese, David (1962-...), is an Australian Rugby Union player.
2941 Camphor is a substance that comes from the camphor tree.
2942
Campin, Robert (1375?-1444), was an important painter of altarpieces and portraits in northern Europe.
2943 Camping is a popular form of outdoor recreation.
2944 Campion, also called catchfly, is the name of a large number of plants of the pink family.
2945 Campion, Edmund (1540-1581), was the first English Jesuit martyr.
2946 Campion, Thomas (1567-1620), was an English composer, poet, and doctor.
2947 Camus, Albert (1913-1960), was a French journalist, essayist, novelist, and playwright who was
associated with the existentialist movement (see EXISTENTIALISM).
2948 Canaan dog is the native dog of Israel.
2949 Canaanites were a people mentioned in the Old Testament.
2950 Canada is the second largest country in the world.
2951 Canada, Government of. Canada combines a federal form of government with a cabinet system.
2952 Canada, History of. The first people to live in what is now Canada arrived from Asia at least 20,000
years ago.
2953 Canada goose is the common wild goose of North America.
2954 Canadian Shield is a huge, rocky region that curves around Hudson Bay like a giant horseshoe.
2955 Canal is a waterway dug across land.
2956 Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal) (1697-1768) was an Italian painter celebrated for his views of
Venice, where he was born.
2957 Canary is one of the most popular bird pets.
2958 Canary Islands make up two provinces of Spain.
2959 Canas, Jose Simeon (1767-1838), was a scholar and statesman who took part in the Central American
independence movement.
2960 Canasta is the name of a high-scoring card game that originated in Uruguay.
2961 Canberra is the national capital of Australia.
2962 Canby, Henry Seidel (1878-1961), was an American editor, author, and educator.
2963 Cancellation is a method of shortening mathematical problems by striking out terms or factors.
2964 Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply wildly, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life.
2965 Cancer, the Crab, is a faint constellation that lies between the stars Castor and Pollux on one side, and
the Sickle of Leo on the other.
2966 Candela is the unit of measurement of luminous intensity, the amount of light produced in a certain
direction by a glowing object.
2967 Candle is an object made out of wax or a similar material that is burned to give light.
2968 Candlefish is a saltwater fish about 20 centimetres long.
2969 Candlemas Day is a Christian festival observed on February 2.
2970
Candlenut, also known as candlenut oil tree or candleberry, is an evergreen tree of Southeast Asia.
2971 Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de (1778-1841), a Swiss botanist, published many books about plant
classification and its theoretical aspects.
2972 Candytuft is any one of several flowering plants that belong to the mustard family.
2973 Cane harvester is a machine for harvesting sugar cane.
2974 Cane toad is the Australian name of the giant marine toad of Central and South America.
2975
Canebrake is a dense growth of cane in swamps and along river beds in the Southern United States.
2976 Cango Caves, in South Africa, are among the great wonders of the world.
2977 Canine parvovirus, also called parvovirus, is a contagious disease that affects dogs.
2978 Canisius, Saint Peter (1521-1597), was the founder of the first German house of Jesuits, and the
foremost promoter of the reform of the Roman Catholic Church in south German lands.
2979 Canker is a small, painful sore in the mouth.
2980 Cankerworm is the larva (caterpillar) of two North American moths.
2981 Canna is a tall, ornamental plant with brilliantly coloured flowers.
2982 Cannes (pop. 72,259), is a luxurious resort city on the French Riviera in southeastern France.
2983 Cannibal is a person who eats the flesh of human beings.
2984 Canning, George (1770-1827), played an important part in the British government during the Napoleonic
Wars, first as a supporter of William Pitt, and later as foreign secretary from 1807 to 1809 in the Duke of
Portland's administration.
2985 Canning Stock Route, in Western Australia, was Australia's longest cattle-droving route.
2986 Cannizzaro, Stanislao (1826-1910), was an Italian chemist whose ideas laid the basis for modern
chemistry.
2987 Cannock Chase (pop. 87,400), a local government district in Staffordshire, England, gets its name from
an area of wild moorland and woodland.
2988 Cannon is a weapon of more than 2.5 centimetres in calibre that has a barrel, breech, and firing
mechanism.
2989 Cannon, Annie Jump (1863-1941), was a leading American female astronomer.
2990 Cannon, Joseph Gurney (1836-1926), served in the United States House of Representatives for 46
years.
2991 Cannon-ball tree is a South American tree that sheds its leaves more than once a year.
2992 Canoeing is a popular sport in many countries.
2993 Canon is a musical composition in which two or more voices or instruments repeat a melody.
2994 Canonization is a proclamation in the Roman Catholic Church by which a person famous for holiness is
understood to be in heaven.
2995 Canova, Antonio (1757-1822), was one of the most famous and influential European sculptors of the
Napoleonic period.
2996 Cantata is a form of dramatic vocal music.
2997 Canterbury (pop. 127,100), is a cathedral city in east Kent, England.
2998 Canterbury is a statistical area in the east central part of the South Island of New Zealand.
2999 Canterbury bell is a type of flowering plant with blue, pink, or white bell-shaped flowers.
3000 Canterbury Tales is a group of stories by the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer.
3001 Cantilever is a structural beam which is supported at one end and free at the other end.
3002 Canton is a political division in some countries of Europe.
3003 Canungra is a small town and tourist centre located 40 kilometres inland from the Gold Coast in
Queensland, Australia.
3004 Canute (994?-1035), a Danish prince, also spelled Cnut, became king of England in 1016.
3005 Canvas is a strong, coarse cloth.
3006 Canvasback is a large duck that lives in North America.
3007 Canyon is a deep valley with steep sides.
3008 Cap-Haitien (pop. 64,406), is the second largest city of Haiti.
3009 Capacitance is the property of an electric circuit or other system that determines the amount of electric
charge it is able to store.
3010 Capacitor is a device that stores electric energy in the form of an electric charge.
3011 Cape is a body of land that extends prominently into a lake, sea, or ocean.
3012 Cape Agulhas is the southernmost point of Africa.
3013 Cape Barren goose is a large, unusual Australian bird.
3014 Cape Breton Island is a large island off the Atlantic coast of Canada.
3015 Cape Byron is a steep headland on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia.
3016
Cape Canaveral, at one time called Cape Kennedy, is the site of the John F. Kennedy Space Center.
3017 Cape Cod is a hook-shaped peninsula on the coast of Massachusetts in the United States.
3018 Cape Farewell is the northernmost point of the South Island of New Zealand.
3019 Cape gooseberry is a plant cultivated for its round edible fruits.
3020 Cape Hatteras is a scenic promontory at the southeastern tip of Hatteras Island, which is part of the
Outer Banks.
3021 Cape Horn is the most southerly part of South America.
3022 Cape Kidnappers forms the southern arm of Hawke Bay on the eastern coast of the North Island of New
Zealand.
3023
Cape Leeuwin lies at the western end of Flinders Bay, on the southwestern coast of Western Australia.
3024 Cape Maria van Diemen is in the extreme north of New Zealand.
3025 Cape of Good Hope is a peninsula in South Africa.
3026 Cape Province was a province of South Africa from 1910 to 1994.
3027 Cape Reinga is in the extreme north of New Zealand.
3028 Cape Town (pop. 854,616; met. area pop. 1,869,143), is the legislative capital of South Africa.
3029 Cape Turnagain is a headland on the southeastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
3030 Cape Verde is an African country that consists of 10 main islands and 5 tiny islands.
3031 Cape weed is a plant that was introduced from South Africa to Australia in the early 1800's.
3032 Cape York Peninsula is the northern tip of Queensland, Australia.
3033 Capek, Karel (1890-1938), a Czech playwright and novelist, became famous for introducing the word
robot into the modern vocabulary.
3034 Capella is the brightest star in the constellation Auriga and the sixth brightest in the heavens, excluding
the sun.
3035 Caper is a flower bud used in a meat or fish sauce.
3036 Capetian dynasty is the name given to a long line of kings that ruled France from 987 to 1328.
3037 Capildeo, Rudranath (1920-1970), was a Trinidadian mathematician, barrister, and politician.
3038 Capillarity is the tendency of liquids to move into hairlike passageways.
3039 Capillary is the smallest blood vessel in the body.
3040 Capital is an economic term for wealth, other than land, that is used to produce more wealth.
3041 Capital gains tax is a tax on financial gains from the sale of property.
3042 Capital punishment is punishment by death.
3043 Capitalism is the political economic system based on private property and private profit.
3044
Capone, Al (1899-1947), was one of the most famous and powerful gangsters in United States history.
3045 Capote, Truman (1924-1984), was an American author known for his distinctive, polished style.
3046 Capra, Frank (1897-1991), was an American film director.
3047 Capri (pop. 12,400), is an Italian island in the Bay of Naples.
3048 Capricorn, the Sea-Goat, is a faint constellation in the Southern Hemisphere which contains no
significantly bright stars.
3049 Capsicum is the name of a group of small, shrubby plants that grow in tropical America.
3050 Captain Cook's Cottage is in the Fitzroy Gardens in Melbourne, Australia.
3051 Captain Jack (1837-1873) was a leader of the Modoc Indians of North America who fought the United
States Army during the Modoc War (1872-1873).
3052 Capuchin, also called sapajou, is a type of monkey that lives in Central and South America.
3053 Capuchins are members of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, a Roman Catholic religious order.
3054 Capybara is the largest of all rodents.
3055
Car. The story of the car is one of the most important and exciting chapters in the history of transport.
3056 Car, Model, is a small-scale copy of a car.
3057 Car racing is a thrilling sport that tests the speed and performance of cars and the skill and daring of
drivers.
3058 Carabao is a water buffalo of the Philippine Islands.
3059 Caracal is a member of the cat family related to the lynxes.
3060 Caracara is the name given to several large birds of South and Central America and the Southern United
States.
3061 Caracas (pop. 1,261,116; met. area pop. 3,310,236), is the capital, largest city, and economic centre of
Venezuela.
3062 Caradon (pop. 75,800), is a local government area in southeast Cornwall, England, containing several
seaside resorts.
3063 Caramanlis, Constantine (1907-1998), also spelled Karamanlis, was a Greek political leader.
3064 Carat is a measure used by jewellers in weighing precious stones.
3065 Caratacus was king of the Catuvellauni, a powerful British tribe at the time of the Roman invasion of
Britain in A.D. 43.
3066 Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da (1573-1610), was an Italian painter known for the powerful realism
of his religious pictures.
3067 Caravan is a wheeled vehicle that is pulled by a car or truck.
3068 Caravan is a long train of people and pack animals that travels through wild or barren country.
3069
Caravel was a type of ship used for trading on the Mediterranean Sea from the 1300's to the 1600's.
3070 Caraway, a herb of the parsley family, is famous for its spicy seeds.
3071 Carberry, John Joseph Cardinal (1904-...), served as the Roman Catholic archbishop of St. Louis, U.S.A.
from 1968 until he resigned in 1979.
3072 Carbide is a chemical compound made up of carbon and a metal.
3073 Carbine is a short, light-weight version of a rifle.
3074 Carbohydrate is one of the three main classes of foods essential to the body.
3075 Carbon is one of the most important chemical elements.
3076 Carbon dioxide is a colourless, odourless gas.
3077 Carbon disulphide, also called carbon bisulphide, is a colourless, poisonous, and highly flammable
liquid.
3078 Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, and extremely poisonous gas.
3079 Carbon tetrachloride is a clear, colourless liquid that does not burn.
3080 Carbonate is any compound that contains the carbonate ion.
3081 Carborundum is a trade name for silicon carbide, an abrasive.
3082 Carbuncle is a painful infection of the skin and tissues just under the skin.
3083 Carburettor is part of a petrol engine.
3084 Carcassonne (pop. 41,153), is a city in southern France that includes one of the finest examples in
Europe of a medieval walled town.
3085 Card game is a game of chance or skill played with oblong pieces of thin cardboard.
3086 Cardamom is the fruit of several plants in the ginger family.
3087 Cardboard is a popular name for any stiff paper or paperboard.
3088 Cardenas, Lazaro (1895-1970), served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.
3089 Cardiff (pop. 272,600), is the capital and largest city of Wales.
3090 Cardigan Welsh corgi is a breed of dog that was first bred in the area of Cardigan, Wales.
3091 Cardinal is a bird common throughout the eastern half of North America.
3092 Cardinal is one of a group of Roman Catholic clergymen who serve as counsellors to the pope and rank
next to him within the church.
3093 Cardinal flower is a tall plant that grows in wet or moist soil along springs and in meadows, marshes, and
roadside areas.
3094
Cardiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart.
3095 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first-aid procedure that is used to maintain
respiration and blood circulation in a person whose breathing and heartbeat have stopped.
3096
Carducci, Giosue (1835-1907), an Italian poet and scholar, won the 1906 Nobel Prize for literature.
3097 Cardus, Sir Neville (1889-1975), became well known as a writer on cricket and music.
3098 Carew, Jan (1925-...), is a West Indian writer whose work concentrates on the Caribbean identity and
the rights of individuals, especially colonized peoples.
3099 Carew, Thomas (1595?-1639?), an English writer, was one of the most distinguished of the Cavalier
poets, a group of poets at the court of King Charles I. These writers became renowned for their wit and
elegance of style and for their direct approach
3100 Carey, George (1935-...), became archbishop of Canterbury, the head of the Church of England, in April
1991.
3101 Carey, James Barron (1911-1973), was an American trade union leader who gained wide recognition for
his fight against Communist influence in unions.
3102
Carey, Peter (1943-...), an Australian writer, won international acclaim for his novels and short stories.
3103 Carey, William (1761-1834), was one of the first Baptist missionaries and a founder of the Baptist
Missionary Society.
3104 Carey Street is a street in London, best known for its bankruptcy court.
3105 Cargill, William Walter (1784-1860), together with the other members of the Free Church of Scotland,
formed the Otago Association in 1845 with the aim of establishing a church settlement in the southern
part of New Zealand.
3106 Cargo cults is the name given to a large number of intense and short-lived religious cults in New Guinea
and eastward through Melanesia to Fiji.
3107 Carib Indians were a group of warlike South American tribes who lived mainly in the Amazon River
Valley and the Guiana lowlands.
3108
Caribbean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean between the West Indies and Central and South America.
3109 Caribou is the French-Canadian name for a large deer of North America that is closely related to the
reindeer.
3110 Caricature in art, is a picture that exaggerates or distorts the physical features or peculiarities of a
person or object.
3111 CARICOM is an organization for political and economic cooperation of Caribbean states.
3112 Carillon is a set of 23 or more stationary bells arranged to play music.
3113 Carl XVI Gustaf (1946-...) became king of Sweden in 1973.
3114 Carleton, Sir Guy (1724-1808), was a British general and governor in Canada.
3115 Carleton, William (1794-1869), an Irish author, wrote many stories about peasant life in Ireland.
3116 Carlile, Forbes (1921-...), an Australian swimming coach, trained many swimmers who held world
records.
3117 Carlile, Wilson (1847-1942), was the founder of the Church Army (see CHURCH ARMY).
3118 Carlisle (pop. 99,800), is a city and local government area in Cumbria, England.
3119 Carlow is an inland county in the province of Leinster in the southeast of the Republic of Ireland.
3120 Carlsbad Caverns National Park in southeastern New Mexico, U.S.A., is famous for its many caverns, or
caves.
3121 Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881), was a Scottish essayist and historian.
3122 Carman, Bliss (1861-1929), was a Canadian poet whose verse praises the beauty and power he saw in
nature.
3123 Carmarthen .
3124 Carmarthenshire is a local government area in South Wales, centred on the town of Carmarthen in
Wales.
3125 Carmelites are members of several Roman Catholic orders of men and women.
3126 Carmichael, Hoagy (1899-1981), was an American composer of popular songs.
3127 Carnation is a tall, colourful flower with many blossoms.
3128 Carnauba wax is a vegetable wax.
3129 Carneades (213?-129 B.C.?) was a Greek philosopher who believed that no absolute standard of truth
exists.
3130 Carnegie, Andrew (1835-1919), a Scottish-born American, was a leading steel manufacturer and one of
the wealthiest individuals of his time.
3131
Carnegie, Dale (1888-1955), was an American pioneer in public speaking and personality development.
3132 Carnival is a festival involving singing, dancing and music-making, and colourful, noisy street
processions.
3133 Carnivore is any animal that eats chiefly meat.
3134 Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi (1796-1832), was a French engineer.
3135 Carnotite is a yellow ore.
3136 Carob is a dark evergreen tree that grows in countries along the Mediterranean Sea.
3137 Carol is a traditional song of joyful character, usually associated with a religious or seasonal festival such
as Christmas, Easter, or the month of May.
3138 Carol I (1839-1914) ruled Romania from 1866 until his death.
3139 Carol II (1893-1953) was king of Romania from 1930 to 1940.
3140 Caroline Islands (pop. 92,600), are an archipelago of more than 930 islands in the Pacific Ocean.
3141 Carolingian art was a style of art created during the late 700's and the 800's in France and western
Germany.
3142 Carp is a large, hardy fish.
3143
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder that causes pain, and interferes with the use of the hand.
3144 Carpathian Mountains are part of the great mountain system of central Europe.
3145 Carpenter, M. Scott (1925-...), one of the first United States astronauts, was the second American to
circle the earth in a spacecraft.
3146
Carpenter bee is a type of bee that gets its name because it tunnels in timber or in the stems of plants.
3147 Carpentry is the building and repairing of wooden structures.
3148 Carpet beetle is a common insect pest.
3149 Carpet snake is the name of some of Australia's most common and widespread pythons.
3150 Carpetbaggers was an American term that Southerners scornfully applied to Northerners who moved
South during the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War (1861-1865).
3151 Carr, Harvey (1873-1954), a leading American psychologist, made important contributions in the fields of
animal and educational psychology.
3152 Carranza, Venustiano (1859-1920), a Mexican general, became president of Mexico in 1915.
3153 Carrel, Alexis (1873-1944), a French surgeon and biologist, proved that tissues could survive away from
their organs if properly nourished.
3154 Carriage is a horse-drawn vehicle used for the transportation of people.
3155 Carrick (pop. 82,700), is a local government district in Cornwall, England, that includes Falmouth,
Penryn, and Truro.
3156 Carrickfergus (pop. 32,299), is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
3157
Carrier pigeon is a bird originally bred from pigeons used to carry messages from one place to another.
3158 Carrington, Lord (1919-...), Peter Alexander Rupert Carrington, was secretary general of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization from 1984 until 1988.
3159
Carroll, Sir James (1853-1926), was the first Maori to become a minister in the New Zealand Parliament.
3160 Carroll, Lewis, was the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-1898), an English author.
3161 Carrot is a plant with an orange root that is eaten as a vegetable.
3162
Carruthers, Jimmy (1929-1990), was Australia's first universally recognized world boxing champion.
3163 Carson, Lord (1854-1935), Edward Henry Carson, an Irish barrister and politician, was the leader of the
Ulster Unionists, who were violently opposed to any form of Home Rule for Ireland.
3164 Carson, Johnny (1925-...), a popular American entertainer, became famous as host of "The Tonight
Show" on television.
3165 Carson, Kit (1809-1868), was an American frontiersman.
3166 Carson, Rachel (1907-1964), was an American marine biologist and science writer.
3167 Carstensz, Jan (?-...?), was a Dutch navigator who charted part of the northern coast of Australia and
named the Gulf of Carpentaria.
3168
Cartagena (pop. 166,736), stands on a beautiful bay of the Mediterranean Sea in southeastern Spain.
3169 Cartel is an association formed among producers in a particular industry to control the market for their
product.
3170 Carter, Angela (1940-1992), was a British novelist and short-story writer.
3171 Carter, Caroline (1862-1937), an American actress known professionally as Mrs. Leslie Carter, made
one of her greatest hits as Maryland Calvert in the play The Heart of Maryland in 1895.
3172 Carter, Elliott (1908-...), is one of the leading American composers of the 1900's.
3173 Carter, Gerald Emmett Cardinal (1912-...), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in
1979 by Pope John Paul II. He served as archbishop of Toronto, Canada, from 1978 until his retirement
in 1990.
3174 Carter, Howard (1873-1939), an English archaeologist, specialized in excavating ancient Egyptian
tombs.
3175 Carter, Jimmy (1924-...), was president of the United States from 1977 to 1981.
3176 Carthage was one of the greatest cities of ancient times.
3177
Carthusians are members of a Roman Catholic order of monks, nuns, and lay brothers and sisters.
3178 Cartier, Jacques (1491?-1557), was a French navigator.
3179 Cartier-Bresson, Henri (1908-...), is a French photographer.
3180 Cartilage, commonly called gristle, is a bluish-white rubbery tissue found in human beings and animals
that have backbones.
3181 Cartland, Barbara (1901-...), a British novelist, became known as one of the most prolific writers of all
time.
3182 Cartography is the making and study of maps.
3183 Cartoon is a drawing or series of drawings that tells a story or expresses a message.
3184 Cartouche, in architecture, is an ornament shaped like a scroll with rolled-up ends.
3185 Cartridge is a metal or paper case that holds a charge of explosive powder and a bullet or a charge of
shot.
3186 Cartwright, Edmund (1743-1823), was an English inventor and clergyman.
3187 Cartwright, Peter (1785-1872), was a circuit rider (travelling preacher) on the American frontier, and a
Methodist Church official.
3188 Cartwright, Sir Richard John (1835-1912), a Canadian statesman, gained a reputation as an authority on
financial matters.
3189 Caruso, Enrico (1873-1921), an Italian tenor, was one of the greatest opera stars of the 1900's.
3190 Carver, George Washington (1864-1943), was a black American scientist who won international fame for
his agricultural research.
3191 Carver, Raymond (1938-1988), was an American author known for his short stories.
3192 Carving is the art of cutting figures, ornaments, or decorative objects by hand from such materials as
stone, marble, wood, ivory, bone, and shell.
3193 Cary, Joyce (1888-1957), ranks among the leading British novelists of the 1900's.
3194 Casaba is a type of muskmelon sometimes called winter melon.
3195 Casablanca (pop. 2,738,477), is the largest city in Morocco and a major port in North Africa.
3196 Casals, Pablo (1876-1973), a Spanish cellist, was one of the greatest musicians of his time.
3197 Casanova, Giacomo (1725-1798), was an Italian adventurer and author.
3198 Cascade Range is a chain of North American mountains that extends from northern California through
western Oregon and Washington into southern British Columbia.
3199 Cascara sagrada is an important medicinal plant found in the northwestern United States.
3200 Case is a feature of nouns and pronouns that helps show their relation to other parts of speech in a
sentence.
3201 Case, Clifford Philip (1904-1982), an American Republican politician, served in the United States Senate
from 1955 to 1979.
3202 Case moth is the name of Australian insects that make cases of material from the plants on which they
feed.
3203 Casein is the chief protein obtained from milk.
3204 Casement, Roger (1864-1916), was an official in the British consular service who later became an Irish
revolutionary.
3205 Casey, Lord (1890-1976), Richard Gardiner Casey, served as governor general of Australia from 1965 to
1969.
3206 Cash, Johnny (1932-...), is an American country music singer and composer.
3207 Cash, Martin (1810-1877), was an Australian bushranger (bandit).
3208
Cash, Pat (1965-...), an Australian tennis player, won the men's singles title at Wimbledon in 1987.
3209 Cash register is a device that records and displays the amount of a sale.
3210 Cashel (pop. 2,455), is a town in southern Tipperary, in the Republic of Ireland.
3211 Cashew is a bean-shaped nut that grows on a tropical evergreen tree.
3212 Cashmere is a fibre made from the soft undercoat of Cashmere goats.
3213 Cashmere goat is a long-haired goat, known for its fine, silky wool.
3214 Caslon, William (1692-1766), was a British typeface founder.
3215 Caspian Sea, a great salt lake below sea level, is the largest inland body of water in the world.
3216 Cassandra was the daughter of Priam and Hecuba, king and queen of Troy in Greek mythology.
3217 Cassatt, Mary (1844-1926), was an American painter who spent most of her life in France.
3218 Cassava, also called manioc, is a small shrub native to South America.
3219 Cassia is any one of a group of plants that includes many trees, shrubs, and herbs.
3220 Cassino (pop. 26,300), is an Italian town about 120 kilometres southeast of Rome.
3221 Cassiopeia is an easily seen constellation of the Northern Hemisphere.
3222 Cassiterite is the only important mineral ore of tin.
3223 Cassius Longinus, Gaius (?-42 B.C.), was a Roman general who, with Marcus Junius Brutus, led the
conspiracy against Julius Caesar.
3224 Casson, Sir Hugh (1910-...), one of Britain's leading architects, was the director of architecture for the
1951 Festival of Britain.
3225 Casson, Sir Lewis (1875-1969), a British actor and producer, was best known for his productions of the
plays of George Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare.
3226 Cassowary is a large, shy bird that lives in the thick forests of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby
islands.
3227 Cast and casting. Casting is a method of shaping an object by pouring a liquid into a mould and letting it
harden.
3228 Cast iron is a hard, brittle form of iron made by casting.
3229 Castanets are a small percussion instrument of indefinite pitch.
3230 Caste is a social group to which a person belongs by birth.
3231 Castiglione, Baldassare (1478-1529), was a writer of the Italian Renaissance.
3232 Castile and Aragon were two separate and powerful kingdoms of Spain.
3233 Castilla, Ramon (1797?-1867), one of Peru's great statesmen, served as president of Peru from 1845 to
1851 and from 1855 to 1862.
3234 Castle was the home and stronghold of a feudal lord during the Middle Ages.
3235 Castle, Barbara (1911-...), a British politician, became a leading member of the Labour Party.
3236 Castle Hill Rising began in Australia on March 4, 1804, when convicts from a New South Wales
government farm at Castle Hill, near Sydney, broke out and seized firearms and ammunition.
3237 Castle Morpeth (pop. 49,700), is a local government district in Northumberland, England.
3238 Castle Point (pop. 84,200), is a local government district in Essex, England.
3239 Castlereagh (pop. 60,720), is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
3240 Castlereagh, Viscount (1769-1822), was a British statesman who played a large part in formulating the
peace settlements in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars.
3241 Castor and Pollux were twin heroes in Greek mythology.
3242 Castor oil is a colourless oil that is used as a laxative.
3243 Castries (pop. 52,868), is the capital and largest city of St. Lucia, an island country in the Caribbean
Sea.
3244 Castro, Fidel (1926-...), has ruled Cuba since 1959, when he overthrew the military dictatorship of
Fulgencio Batista.
3245 Caswell, Hollis Leland (1901-1988), was an American educator who became an authority on curriculum
planning in schools.
3246 Cat is a favourite pet of people around the world.
3247 Catacombs are systems of underground passages or rooms once used as burial places.
3248 Catalepsy is a condition in which a person temporarily loses the ability to move voluntarily.
3249 Catalpa, also called Indian bean, is the name of a group of trees native to eastern Asia, North America,
and the West Indies.
3250 Catalysis is a process in which a substance increases the speed of a chemical reaction without being
used up by the reaction.
3251 Catalytic converter is a device that reduces the exhaust pollutants produced by a motor engine.
3252 Catamaran is a raftlike boat that has two hulls.
3253 Cataplexy is a condition that involves a sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone.
3254 Catapult was a war machine that shot such objects as spears or stones or hurled large weights against
an enemy's defences.
3255 Cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eye.
3256 Catbird is a North American songbird related to mockingbirds and thrashers.
3257 Catchpole, Margaret (1762-1819), acted as a nurse, overseer, and midwife (a person who delivers
babies) in the early years of Australian settlement at Sydney.
3258 Catechism is a summary of basic Christian doctrine used for religious instruction.
3259
Catechu is a brown, sticky substance obtained chiefly from the wood of tropical trees called acacias.
3260 Caterpillar is a wormlike creature that is the second, or larval, stage in the life history of butterflies and
moths.
3261 Catfish is the name of a large group of fish that have two to four pairs of whiskers.
3262 Catgut is a tough cord made from the intestines of certain animals and used mainly for the strings of
musical instruments and for sewing up wounds.
3263 Catharsis is a term psychiatrists and psychoanalysts use to describe the way in which psychotherapy
helps a person release pent-up emotions.
3264
Cathay is the name Europeans once gave to China, especially the part north of the Yangtze River.
3265 Cathedral is the church of a bishop of the Christian religion.
3266 Cather, Willa (1873-1947), was one of America's finest novelists.
3267 Catherine was the name of two rulers of Russia.
3268 Catherine de Medicis, or, in Italian, De' Medici (1519-1589), was the wife of King Henry II of France, and
the mother of three French kings.
3269 Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536) was the first of the six wives of King Henry VIII of England.
3270 Catherine of Siena, Saint (1347-1380), was a Christian reformer and mystic.
3271 Cathode rays is the name of an invisible radiation emitted from the negative electrode (cathode) of
Crookes tubes (see CROOKES TUBE).
3272 Catiline (?-62 B.C.) was a Roman who led an unsuccessful plot against his government in 63 B.C.
Catiline was a member of a patrician (aristocratic) family.
3273 Catkin is a tassellike flower cluster that consists of numerous small flowers arranged around a long
central axis.
3274 Catlin, George (1796-1872), was an American artist known for his paintings and drawings of American
Indians.
3275 Catmint, also called catnip, is a strong-smelling plant of the mint family.
3276 Cato was the family name of two statesmen and soldiers of ancient Rome.
3277 Cato Street Conspiracy was a plot to murder the British Cabinet in 1820.
3278 Cat's-eye is a gem that produces a thin streak of white light across the top of the stone when the gem is
cut a certain way.
3279 Catseye is a reflecting roadstud.
3280 Catskill Mountains form a semicircular chain of mountains west of the Hudson River in New York, U.S.A.
They are one of the chief ranges in the Appalachian mountain system.
3281 Catspaw is a small, tufted plant commonly called kangaroo paw.
3282 Cattail, or reedmace, often wrongly called bulrush, is a wild plant that grows in swamps, marshes, river
and lakeside banks, and other wet places in Asia, Europe, and North America.
3283 Cattell, James McKeen (1860-1944), an American scientist, professor, editor, and publisher, was a
pioneer in the field of experimental psychology.
3284 Cattle are among the most important farm animals.
3285 Cattle tick, also called Texas fever tick, carries Texas fever, a disease of cattle.
3286 Catton, Bruce (1899-1978), an American historian and journalist, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1954 and the
1954 National Book Award for A Stillness at Appomattox.
3287
Catullus, Gaius Valerius (84? B.C.-54 B.C.), a Roman lyric poet, wrote personal and passionate poetry.
3288
Caucasia is a region that includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and a small portion of southern Russia.
3289 Caucasus Mountains are a large mountain range in Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.
3290 Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789-1857), was a French mathematician who became famous for introducing
logical and modern ideas into calculus.
3291
Caucus is a meeting of members of a political party to name candidates for office or to decide on policy.
3292 Caulfield Cup is one of Australia's major horse racing events.
3293 Cauliflower is a garden vegetable that is rich in vitamins and minerals.
3294
Caulking, also spelled calking, is a technique of sealing seams and joints to make them watertight.
3295 Caustic is the common term for certain chemicals that can burn or eat away substances, especially
organic material.
3296 Cauthen, Steve (1960-...), is an American jockey.
3297 Cavalier King Charles spaniel is a breed of dog that descended from spaniels popular with the nobility in
the 1600's.
3298 Cavalry was a unit of soldiers that fought on horseback.
3299 Cavan is one of the three counties of the province of Ulster which are in the Republic of Ireland.
3300 Cave, also called cavern, is a naturally hollow area in the earth that is large enough for a person to
enter.
3301 Cave dwellers are people who live in caves or in the shelter provided by overhanging rocks at the bottom
of cliffs.
3302 Caveat emptor is a Latin term meaning let the buyer beware.
3303
Cavefish refers to four species of small, slender, spindle-shaped fish of the southeastern United States.
3304 Cavell, Edith Louisa (1865-1915), was an English nurse.
3305 Cavendish, Henry (1731-1810), an English physicist and chemist, discovered many fundamental laws of
electricity.
3306 Caviar is the salted eggs of sturgeons, a group of large fish.
3307 Cavour, Count di (1810-1861), Camillo Benso Cavour, an Italian statesman, helped unite the peoples of
Italy under a single kingdom.
3308 Cavy is the general name for several related South American rodents.
3309 Cawley, Evonne (1951-...), a part-Aboriginal tennis player, became the second Australian to win a
Wimbledon women's singles title.
3310 Caxton, William (1422?-1491), introduced printing into England.
3311 Cayenne (pop. 38,000), is the capital and largest city of French Guiana, a French possession on the
northern coast of South America.
3312
Cayenne pepper is a hot-tasting red powder made from the fruit or pods of a kind of capsicum plant.
3313 Cayley, Sir George (1773-1857), is often called the father of modern aeronautics.
3314
Cayman Islands are an island dependency of the United Kingdom (UK) located in the West Indies.
3315 Cazabon, Michel (1813-1888), a Caribbean artist, is remembered for the clear picture his works give of
life in the West Indies during the mid-1800's.
3316 Cazaly, Roy (1893-1963), was one of the most spectacular players of Australian Rules football.
3317 Ceausescu, Nicolae (1918-1989), ruled Romania from 1965 to 1989 as head of the country's Communist
Party.
3318
Cebu (pop. 2,645,735), is an island province in the centre of the Visayan Islands in the Philippines.
3319 Cebu City (pop. 610,417), is the capital of Cebu province in the Philippines.
3320 Cecil is the name of one of Britain's most famous families.
3321 Cecil, Lord David (1902-1986), an English author and literary academic, wrote lively and scholarly
biographies.
3322 Cecilia, Saint is a saint and martyr of the Roman Catholic Church.
3323 Cedar is a group of large evergreen trees that grow in many parts of the world.
3324 Celandine is the name of two unrelated plants of Europe and western Asia, both introduced into North
America.
3325 Celery is a popular vegetable related to carrots and parsley.
3326 Celesta is a pianolike musical instrument played by means of a keyboard.
3327 Celibacy is the state of being unmarried.
3328
Celine, Louis-Ferdinand (1894-1961), was the pen name of Henri-Louis Destouches, a French novelist.
3329 Cell is the basic unit of all life.
3330 Celebrezze, Anthony Joseph (1910-...), was U.S. secretary of health, education, and welfare from 1962
to 1965.
3331 Cellini, Benvenuto (1500-1571), was an Italian goldsmith and sculptor.
3332 Cello is a stringed musical instrument of the violin family that is played with a bow.
3333 Cellophane is a thin, flexible, synthetic material.
3334 Cellular telephone is a movable telephone unit.
3335 Cellulose is a substance that forms a major part of the cell walls of trees, grasses, vegetables, and many
other plants.
3336 Celsius scale is a scale for measuring temperature.
3337 Celtic art. The Celts expressed their artistic genius in such arts and crafts as metalwork, sculpture, and
ceramics (pottery).
3338 Celts are a people--or their descendants--who are native speakers of a Celtic language.
3339 Cement and concrete are among the most important building materials.
3340 Cement-Roadstone Holdings (C.R.H.) is one of Ireland's largest companies.
3341 Cenozoic Era is the most recent era in the geological time scale of the earth's history.
3342 Censer is a vessel in which incense is burned on charcoal as a sign of honour and prayer during
religious ceremonies.
3343 Censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do.
3344 Census is a survey conducted by a national government to gather information about the society that it
governs.
3345 Centaur was a creature in Greek mythology.
3346 Centennial Park is a cultivated lawn park in Sydney, Australia.
3347 Centimetre is a measure of length in the metric system of measurement.
3348 Centipede is one of a group of animals that look like worms or caterpillars.
3349 Central African Republic is a thinly populated country in the centre of Africa.
3350 Central America is the narrow bridge of land connecting North and South America.
3351
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), a United States government agency, gathers political, economic, and
military information about more than 150 nations and evaluates it for other U.S. government agencies.
3352
Central Region, as its name implies, lies between the Highlands and the Central Lowlands of Scotland.
3353 Centrifugal force is often incorrectly defined as the force that pulls an object outward when it moves in a
circle.
3354 Centrifuge is an instrument used to separate two liquids mixed together, or solid particles that are mixed
in a liquid.
3355 Centripetal force is the force that compels a body to move in a circular path.
3356 Centrosphere is the inner core of the earth.
3357 Century plant is the name of a group of American desert plants that belong to the agave family.
3358 Cephalosporin is any of a group of widely used antibiotics.
3359
Ceramics are one of the three most important types of engineering materials that are primarily synthetic.
3360 Cerberus was a monstrous three-headed dog who guarded the entrance to Hades, the Underworld of
Greek and Roman mythology.
3361
Cereal is a food made from such cereal grains as wheat, oats, maize, rice, barley, and buckwheat.
3362 Cerebral haemorrhage is bleeding that results from a broken blood vessel in the brain.
3363 Cerebral palsy is a general term for a variety of disorders caused by damage to the brain.
3364 Cerebrospinal fluid is the liquid in the body that surrounds the entire surface of the brain and the spinal
cord.
3365 Ceredigion (pop. 63,600) is a local government area in Wales.
3366 Ceres is one of thousands of asteroids (minor planets) that are located mostly between the orbits of
Mars and Jupiter.
3367 Ceres was the goddess of grain, the harvest, and agriculture in Roman mythology.
3368 Cerium is a soft, grey metal of the rare-earth group of chemical elements.
3369 Cermet is a hard material that can withstand high temperatures.
3370 CERN is the world's largest research centre for the study of subatomic particles.
3371 Cerutty, Percy (1895-1975), an Australian trainer of athletes and teacher in the techniques of all sports,
coached nine world record breakers.
3372 Cervantes, Miguel de (1547-1616), ranks as the outstanding writer in Spanish literature.
3373 Cesaire, Aime (1913-...), is a French-speaking West Indian poet and playwright.
3374 Cessnock (pop. 43,854), is a city in the Hunter River Valley, about 190 kilometres north of Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia.
3375 Cetacean is a member of the order of sea mammals made up of whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
3376 Cetshwayo (1826-1884), a Zulu leader, reestablished the Zulu as a strong military force in southern
Africa.
3377
Cezanne, Paul (1839-1906), a French painter, was one of the most significant painters in modern art.
3378 Chad is a large, thinly populated country in north-central Africa.
3379 Chadwick, Sir Edwin (1800-1890), was a British social reformer concerned with public health and the
welfare of the poor.
3380 Chadwick, Sir James (1891-1974), a British physicist, won the 1935 Nobel Prize for physics for his
discovery of the neutron, one of the particles making up the nucleus of an atom.
3381 Chadwick, Lynn Russell (1914-...), a British sculptor, worked mainly with iron.
3382 Chaffey was the family name of two Canadian brothers who pioneered irrigation in Australia.
3383 Chaffinch is the name of a common European finch.
3384 Chagall, Marc (1887-1985), was a Russian-born artist.
3385 Chagres River is a chief source of water for the Panama Canal.
3386 Chain is a flexible length of links or rings joined together.
3387 Chain is the term for a unit of measurement in surveying, and for the measuring instrument itself.
3388 Chain, Sir Ernst Boris (1906-1979), a British biochemist, shared the 1945 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine with Sir Alexander Fleming and Sir Howard Florey.
3389 Chain store, or multiple store, is a retail shop which has been multiplied until there is a chain of similar
shops covering a particular area, all of a country, or even several countries.
3390 Chairil Anwar (1922-1949), an outstanding poet, was a leading member of the group known as "the 1945
generation of writers" in Indonesia.
3391
Chalcedony is a mineral that consists chiefly of tiny crystals of quartz with extremely small pores.
3392 Chalcocite is an important mineral ore of copper.
3393 Chalcopyrite is one of the most widespread copper ores and an important source of pure copper.
3394
Chaldea, also spelled Chaldaea, was a region of ancient Babylonia, in what is now southeastern Iraq.
3395 Chaliapin, Feodor Ivanovich (1873-1938), a Russian opera singer, became a leading interpreter of bass
roles in Russian and Italian opera.
3396 Chalk is a soft, fine-grained, white limestone.
3397 Chalmers, James (1841-1901), was a missionary in New Guinea for 23 years.
3398 Chalmers, Thomas (1780-1847), a Scottish preacher and philanthropist, founded the Free Church of
Scotland in 1843.
3399 Chamber music is a type of classical music written for small groups of musicians.
3400 Chamber of commerce is an association of business people that promotes the interests of its members
and of business in general.
3401 Chamberlain was the family name of a father and two sons in British politics.
3402 Chamberlain, Wilt (1936-...), an American professional basketball player, was one of the greatest
scorers in the history of the game.
3403 Chamberlain Case, involving the disappearance of a nine-week-old Australian girl, attracted worldwide
attention in the 1980's.
3404 Chambers was the family name of two Scottish brothers who became publishers of dictionaries and
encyclopedias.
3405 Chambers, Ephraim (1680?-1740), was an English encyclopedist.
3406 Chambers, George (1928-...), was prime minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago from 1981 to
1986.
3407 Chambers, James (1811-1862), was one of the sponsors of the expedition of the explorer John
McDouall Stuart, who crossed the Australian continent from south to north.
3408 Chameleon is any of about 85 kinds of lizards.
3409 Chaminade, Cecile Louise Stephanie (1861-1944), was a French composer and pianist.
3410 Chamois is a shy animal noted for its swiftness and keen sense of smell.
3411 Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de (1929-...), was president of Nicaragua from 1990 until 1997.
3412 Champagne is a sparkling wine.
3413
Champlain, Samuel de (1570?-1635), was a French explorer who founded the Canadian city of Quebec.
3414 Chan, Sir Julius (1939-...), was prime minister of Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982.
3415 Chance, Frank (1877-1924), was a great American baseball player and manager.
3416 Chancellor is a title given to certain administrators in governments, universities, and churches.
3417 Chancellor, Richard (?-1556), an English explorer, opened up a trade route between England and
Russia.
3418 Chandigarh is a union territory situated in northern India.
3419 Chandigarh (pop. 509,452), is a modern city in northern India.
3420 Chandler, Happy (1898-1991), a colourful politician, served as Democratic governor of Kentucky and as
a United States senator.
3421 Chandler, Raymond (1888-1959), an American author, was one of the leading writers of the "hardboiled"
school of detective fiction.
3422 Chandor, Douglas Granville (1897-1953), a British artist, painted portraits of many famous and
fashionable people.
3423 Chandragupta Maurya (?-298? B.C.), was the first great emperor of India.
3424 Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910-1995), an American astrophysicist, shared the 1983 Nobel Prize
for physics with William A. Fowler for research on the evolution and death of stars.
3425 Changi was the prisoner-of-war headquarters on Singapore Island for Allied prisoners of the Japanese
during World War II (1939-1945).
3426 Changsha (pop. 1,066,030), is the capital of Hunan province in southeastern China.
3427 Channel Country consists of a depressed tract of land that stretches southwest from the central
Queensland ranges to Lake Eyre, in South Australia.
3428 Channel Islands are a group of islands in the English Channel.
3429 Channel swimming generally refers to the swimming of the English Channel.
3430 Channel Tunnel is an undersea rail link connecting the United Kingdom with France.
3431 Channing, Edward (1856-1931), an American historian, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1926 for his book The
War for Southern Independence.
3432 Channing, William Ellery (1780-1842), an American clergyman, was a leader of the Unitarian Church,
which emphasizes the Oneness of God rather than the Trinity.
3433 Chantries were small chapels in which priests offered masses for the souls of the dead.
3434 Chanute, Octave (1832-1910), an American civil engineer, became famous as a scientific student of
gliding.
3435
Chaos is a field of science that studies the complex and irregular behaviour of many systems in nature.
3436 Chaparral is a region of shrubs and small trees that occurs in areas with mild, moist winters and hot, dry
summers.
3437 Chapbook is a pamphlet, originally sold by chapmen (pedlars) from the 1500's to the 1700's.
3438 Chapel Royal is a royal church in the United Kingdom.
3439 Chaplain is a minister, a rabbi, or a priest attached to a unit in the armed forces.
3440
Chaplin, Charlie (1889-1977), a British actor, became one of the most famous stars in film history.
3441 Chapman, George (1559?-1634?), was an English poet, playwright, and scholar.
3442 Chappell is the name of three South Australian brothers who all became top class cricketers.
3443 Charcoal is a black, brittle substance that has many uses.
3444 Chardin, Jean Baptiste Simeon (1699-1779), is now regarded as one of the great French painters of the
1700's.
3445 Chardonnet, Hilaire (1839-1924), was a French chemist and physiologist.
3446 Chariot is a two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle, usually drawn by a horse.
3447 Charlemagne (742-814), or Charles the Great, was the most famous ruler of the Middle Ages and a key
figure in European history.
3448 Charleroi (pop. 216,144; met. area pop. 225,855), is a large commercial city in Belgium.
3449 Charles was the name of two English rulers of the House of Stuart (see STUART, HOUSE OF).
3450 Charles was the name of 10 kings of France.
3451 Charles was the name of seven rulers of the Holy Roman Empire (see HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE).
3452 Charles was the name of several Swedish kings.
3453 Charles I (1887-1922), Archduke Karl Franz Joseph, was the last emperor of Austria and king of
Hungary.
3454 Charles III (1716-1788) reigned as king of Spain from 1759 until his death.
3455 Charles, Prince (1948-...), is the heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom.
3456 Charles, Ray (1930-...), is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist.
3457 Charles, Thomas (1755-1814), was a Welsh clergyman and the great organizer of early Welsh
Methodism, carrying on the work of Howel Harris and Daniel Rowland.
3458 Charles Martel (688-741), ruled the Merovingian Franks from A.D. 719 to 741.
3459 Charleston (pop. 57,287; met. area pop. 250,454), is the capital and leading industrial, trade, and
transportation centre of West Virginia in the United States.
3460 Charlot, Jean (1898-1979), was an illustrator, author, and painter.
3461 Charlotte Amalie (pop. 11,756), capital of the American Virgin Islands, is a harbour city on the Caribbean
Sea.
3462 Charlton is the name of two brothers who became leading English soccer players.
3463 Charlton, Boy (1908-1975), was an outstanding Australian swimmer during the 1920's.
3464
Charlton, Eddie (1929-...), an Australian snooker player, set a world record running break of 272 in 1967.
3465 Charnwood (pop. 140,500), is a local government district in Leicestershire, England.
3466 Charon was the ragged old boatman of the Underworld in Greek mythology.
3467 Charoux, Siegfried Joseph (1896-1967), was an Austro-British sculptor best known for his works in
terracotta.
3468
Chart is a diagram, drawing, graph, list, map, or table designed to make information easy to understand.
3469 Charter, called articles of incorporation in certain instances, is a written document granted by a monarch
or a government.
3470 Charter Oak was a huge tree in Hartford, Connecticut, in the United States.
3471 Charterhouse was a Carthusian monastery.
3472 Charters Towers (pop. 9,017), is a city about 128 kilometres southwest of Townsville in northern
Queensland, Australia.
3473 Chartism was a political movement of the British working classes during the early 1800's.
3474 Chartres (pop. 37,119), is a city in north-central France that is famous for its cathedral, which is a
masterpiece of Gothic architecture.
3475 Chase, Mary Ellen (1887-1973), an American author and teacher, started writing verse and short stories
at 16.
3476 Chase, Salmon Portland (1808-1873), was a prominent American statesman and chief justice of the
United States.
3477 Chase, Samuel (1741-1811), an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was
impeached in 1804 for malfeasance (illegal conduct) in presiding over two sedition trials.
3478 Chase, William Merritt (1849-1916), was an American painter and art teacher.
3479 Chase Manhattan Bank is one of the largest commercial banks in the United States.
3480 Chat is the name of several birds from different groups, named after their harsh, chattering calls.
3481 Chat room is a communications service available on computer networks.
3482 Chateau is the French word for a castle or a large country house.
3483 Chateaubriand, Francois-Rene de (1768-1848), was one of the most important figures in French
romantic literature.
3484 Chatelet, Marquise du (1706-1749), was a French mathematician, physicist, and science writer.
3485 Chataway, Christopher (1931-...), became minister for industrial development in the United Kingdom in
1972.
3486 Chatham Islands lie 756 kilometres east of Lyttelton, in the South Island of New Zealand.
3487 Chattanooga, Tennessee (pop. 152,466; met. area pop. 433,210), is a chief industrial city of the
Southern United States.
3488 Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra (1838-1894), was an Indian author who wrote the first modern novels in the
Bengali language.
3489 Chatterton, Thomas (1752-1770), a brilliant young English poet, wrote a series of poems that he claimed
were written in the 1400's by Thomas Rowley, a monk.
3490 Chaucer, Geoffrey, (1340?-1400), was the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages.
3491 Chauncy, Nan (1900-1970), was an Australian author.
3492 Chauvel, Charles (1897-1959), an Australian film producer, made the film Jedda about an Australian
Aboriginal girl in 1954.
3493 Chauvel, Sir Harry (1865-1945), an Australian soldier, commanded the Australian Light Horse Brigade in
Egypt and Gallipoli during World War I (1914-1918).
3494 Chavez, Carlos (1899-1978), a Mexican composer, was one of the most important influences on the
musical life of Mexico in the 1900's.
3495 Chayote, also called chow chow or christophine, is a climbing vine grown chiefly for its fruit.
3496 Chechnya is a republic in southwestern Russia in the northern Caucasus Mountains.
3497 Cheddar is a village in the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England.
3498 Cheese is a healthy, tasty food made from milk.
3499 Cheetah is a large cat chiefly found on the grassy plains of Africa.
3500 Cheever, John (1912-1982), was an American short-story writer and novelist.
3501 Chekhov, Anton (1860-1904), was a Russian playwright and short-story writer.
3502 Chelation therapy is medical treatment that involves the use of drugs to remove metal ions from the
body.
3503 Chelmsford (pop. 150,000), is market town in central Essex, England.
3504 Chelmsford, Lord (1868-1933), a British statesman, was an administrator in Queensland and New South
Wales, Australia, and in India.
3505 Chelsea Pensioners are retired and, in many cases, disabled British soldiers who are cared for in
Chelsea Royal Hospital in London.
3506 Cheltenham (pop. 85,900), is a residential town in Gloucestershire, England.
3507 Chemical is any of the many substances that make up the world's materials.
3508 Chemical, biological, radiological warfare (CBR) is war waged with chemicals, biological agents, or
radioactive materials.
3509 Chemical industry is made up of the many industries that use chemistry in the manufacture of a wide
variety of products.
3510 Chemical reaction is a process in which one substance is chemically converted to another.
3511 Chemistry is the scientific study of substances.
3512 Chemnitz (pop. 294,244), is a manufacturing centre on the Chemnitz River in Germany.
3513 Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancers or infections with drugs that have a toxic effect on the cause
of the illness.
3514 Chemurgy is the use of farm and forest products as sources of raw materials for chemical
manufacturing.
3515 Chen Rong (mid-1200's), was one of the greatest painters of Chinese dragons.
3516 Cheney, Richard Bruce (1941-...), served as United States secretary of defence under President George
Bush from 1989 to 1993.
3517 Chengdu (pop. 3,483,834), also spelled Cheng-tu and Changtu, is a major industrial centre in southern
China.
3518 Chenier, Andre (1762-1794), Andre Marie de Chenier, a French poet, wrote his greatest work, Les
Iambes, in prison during the last months of his life.
3519 Chenille is a fuzzy yarn made of cotton, silk, wool, or rayon.
3520 Chennault, Claire Lee (1890-1958), led the Flying Tigers, a small group of volunteer American aviators
who supported China in its war against Japan before the United States entered World War II (1939-
1945) in 1941.
3521
Cheque is a written order directing a bank to pay money to a person or organization, or to the bearer.
3522 Chequers is a nationally owned country estate in England used by the British prime ministers.
3523 Cherbourg (pop. 28,442), is an industrial city and seaport on the northern coast of France.
3524 Cherimoya is a small tropical tree that bears an edible fruit related to the custard apple (see CUSTARD
APPLE).
3525 Chernenko, Konstantin Ustinovich (1911-1985), served as general secretary, or head, of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union from February 1984 until his death in March 1985.
3526 Cherry is a small round fruit that grows on a tree.
3527 Cherry laurel is a shrub of eastern Europe and Asia that is closely related to the cherry.
3528 Cherubini, Luigi (1760-1842), was an Italian-born composer.
3529 Cherwell (pop. 115,900), is a local government district in northeast Oxfordshire, England.
3530 Cherwell, Lord (1886-1957), a British physicist, was an adviser on science and economic affairs to the
British statesman Winston Churchill.
3531 Chesapeake Bay is a long, narrow arm of the Atlantic Ocean in the United States.
3532
Chesapeake Bay retriever is an American hunting dog which descended from two Newfoundland dogs.
3533 Cheshire is a county in the northwest of England.
3534
Cheshire, Leonard (1917-1992), was a leading British bomber pilot during World War II (1939-1945).
3535 Chesnutt, Charles Waddell (1858-1932), is generally considered to have been the first major black
American writer of fiction.
3536
Chess is a game of skill in which two players move objects called men on a board divided into squares.
3537 Chest, also called thorax, is the part of the body between the base of the neck and the abdomen.
3538 Chester (pop. 115,000), is a local government area in the county of Cheshire, England.
3539 Chester-le-Street (pop. 51,600), is an English local government area in the county of Durham, centred
on the ancient town of Chester-le-Street itself.
3540 Chesterfield (pop. 99,700), is a local government area in Derbyshire, England.
3541 Chesterfield, Earl of (1694-1773), was an English aristocrat, wit, and political figure.
3542 Chesterton, G. K. (1874-1936), was an English author known for his essays on almost every popular
subject of his time.
3543 Chestnut is a hardy tree that grows in warm, light soils and tolerates drought well.
3544 Chevalier, Maurice (1888-1972), was an internationally popular French film and stage performer.
3545 Cheviot Hills are a range of hills situated on the border of England and Scotland.
3546 Chevrolet, Louis (1878-1941), an American engineer, helped organize the Chevrolet Motor Company in
1911, and designed its first car.
3547 Chevron consists of two lines joined together at one end to form an angle.
3548 Chevy Chase was a battle that took place on the English-Scottish border in 1388.
3549 Chewing gum is a type of sweet that people chew but do not swallow.
3550 Cheyenne (pop. 50,008; met. area pop. 73,142), one of the most historic towns of the American Old
West, is the capital and second largest city of the state of Wyoming, U.S.A. Only Casper has more
people.
3551 Cheyenne Indians are a group of American Indians separated geographically into two groups, the
Northern Cheyenne and the Southern Cheyenne.
3552 Chiang Ching-kuo (1910-1988), was the most powerful leader of the Nationalist Chinese government of
Taiwan from 1975 until his death in 1988.
3553 Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), was the political and military leader of the Nationalist Chinese
government of Taiwan from 1949 until his death in 1975.
3554 Chiang Mai (pop. 100,146), a spacious city in northern Thailand, is a cultural, educational, and tourist
centre.
3555
Chiang Soong Mei-ling or Mayling (1897?-...), the wife of Chiang Kai-shek, is a Chinese social leader.
3556 Chicago (pop. 2,783,726; met. area pop. 6,069,974), is a large city in northeastern Illinois in the United
States.
3557 Chichele, Henry (1362?-1443), an English churchman, was cofounder, with Henry VI, of All Souls
College, University of Oxford, in 1438.
3558 Chichester (pop. 100,300), is a cathedral city in West Sussex, England.
3559 Chichester, Sir Francis (1901-1972), an English adventurer, made long-distance boat and aeroplane
voyages.
3560 Chickadee is the name of seven species of small birds in the tit family.
3561 Chicken is a bird that is raised for its meat and eggs.
3562 Chickenpox also called varicella, is a common, generally mild, contagious disease of children.
3563 Chickpea, also called garbanzo, is a plant grown for its nutritious, edible seeds.
3564 Chicle is a gummy substance obtained from the latex of certain tropical trees.
3565 Chicory, also known as succory, is a plant grown for its leaves and roots.
3566 Chidambaram, Palaniappan (1945-...), became India's minister for finance in 1996.
3567 Chifley, Ben (1885-1951), served as prime minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949.
3568 Chigger, also called jigger, is the common name of two kinds of pests that attack human beings.
3569
Chihuahua (pop. 406,830), is an important city in northern Mexico and the capital of Chihuahua state.
3570 Chihuahua is the smallest breed of dogs.
3571 Chilblain is a condition in which the skin stings, itches, burns, and sometimes turns red.
3572 Child is a person between about 18 months and 10 to 13 years of age.
3573 Child, Joan (1926-...), an Australian Labor Party politician, became the first woman speaker of the House
of Representatives in the Australian Parliament in 1986.
3574 Child abuse is a term that generally refers to mistreatment of a child by a parent or another adult.
3575 Child labour is the employment of children as wage earners.
3576 Childbirth is the process by which a woman gives birth to a baby.
3577 Childe, Gordon (1892-1957), an Australian-born archaeologist, made important discoveries of European
prehistoric artifacts.
3578 Childers is the name of two Irish politicians, a father and son.
3579 Children in care are children looked after by the state or by any of several voluntary organizations.
3580 Children's home, also called an orphanage, is an institution that cares for homeless children.
3581 Children's laws protect children from cruelty, sexual offences, neglect, or exploitation, and assure them
of some education.
3582 Chile is a long, narrow country on the west coast of South America.
3583 Chiltern (pop. 88,700), named after the Chiltern Hills, is a local government district in Buckinghamshire,
England.
3584 Chiltern Hills is a range of chalk hills in southern England, about 72 kilometres long.
3585 Chiltern Hundreds is an area partly in Berkshire and partly in Buckinghamshire, England.
3586 Chimborazo is a volcanic mountain in the Andes of Ecuador, about 190 kilometres from the Pacific
coast.
3587 Chimbus are a people who live among the high central ranges of Papua New Guinea.
3588 Chimera was a fire-breathing monster in Greek mythology.
3589 Chimes, also called tubular bells, are a percussion instrument that consists of 18 to 20 brass or steel
tubes hung on a frame.
3590 Chimpanzee is an African ape.
3591 Chin Peng (1921?-...) was a Chinese Communist guerilla leader.
3592 China is a huge country in eastern Asia.
3593 China Sea is the name of two seas of the Pacific Ocean along the east coast of Asia.
3594 Chinch bug is a small insect that feeds on plants.
3595 Chinchilla is a small animal prized for its soft, thick fur.
3596 Chinese cabbage is a cabbagelike vegetable that has been grown in China since the A.D. 400's.
3597 Chinese crested dog is a small, graceful, finely-boned dog.
3598 Chinese-Japanese wars refers to two wars between China and Japan.
3599 Chinese language is one of the world's oldest languages.
3600 Chinese literature is one of the oldest and greatest of the world's literatures.
3601 Chipmunk is a small, striped animal that lives in burrows (tunnels) in Asia and North America.
3602 Chippendale, Thomas (1718-1779), was an English furniture manufacturer and designer.
3603 Chirac, Jacques (1932-...), a former French prime minister, became president of France in 1995.
3604 Chirico, Giorgio de (1888-1978), was an Italian painter.
3605
Chiropody, also called podiatry, is the branch of medicine concerned with the examination, diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of diseases and ailments of the human foot, ankle, and lower leg.
3606 Chiropractic, also called chiropractice in some countries, is a method of treating illness, especially
through manual manipulation of the patient's spine.
3607 Chisanbop is a method of calculation based on the use of the fingers.
3608
Chisholm, Caroline (1808-1877), devoted a great part of her life to the welfare of immigrants to Australia.
3609 Chisholm Trail was a North American route that Texas cattle ranchers used in driving their herds north to
the railways in Kansas.
3610 Chisinau (pop. 676,000), is the capital and largest city of Moldova, formerly the Soviet republic of
Moldavia.
3611 Chiton is a sea animal with a tough protective shell.
3612 Chittenden, Thomas (1730-1797), was the first governor of Vermont, then part of the British colonies in
North America.
3613 Chive is a green vegetable that is closely related to the onion.
3614 Chlamydia is the name commonly given to a widespread sexually transmitted disease.
3615 Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic once used for the treatment of many kinds of infections, including most
diseases caused by anaerobes (bacteria that can live without oxygen).
3616 Chloride is a chemical compound that contains the chlorine ion (an atom of chlorine that has gained an
electron).
3617 Chlorine is a poisonous, yellowish-green gas with a strong, unpleasant odour.
3618 Chlorofluorocarbon is any of a group of synthetic organic compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and
carbon.
3619 Chloroform is a dense, colourless liquid used as a solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes,
and pesticides.
3620 Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for use in photosynthesis.
3621 Chloroplast is a specialized structure within the cells of plants.
3622 Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic drug, used to treat schizophrenia and other severe forms of mental
illness.
3623 Chocolate is a food made from the seeds of a tropical tree called the cacao.
3624 Choir schools are establishments in the United Kingdom that concentrate on educating boys who sing
daily religious services in choirs.
3625 Chola Empire was the most powerful empire in southern India for more than 200 years.
3626 Cholera is an infectious intestinal disease common in southern Asia.
3627 Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in all animal tissues.
3628 Chomsky, Noam (1928-...), an American linguist, originated transformational grammar.
3629 Chongqing (pop. 2,730,000), also spelled Chungking or Ch'ung-ch'ing, served as the capital of the
Republic of China from 1937 to 1946.
3630 Choo Hoey (1934-...), a Chinese musician, popularly known as the Maestro, founded the Singapore
Symphony Orchestra in 1979.
3631 Chopin, Frederic Francois (1810?-1849), a Polish-born composer, was one of the masters of piano
composition.
3632 Chopsticks are utensils used in many Asian countries to eat and serve food.
3633 Chorale is the music for a hymn.
3634 Chordate is the name of a large phylum (group) of land, marine, and freshwater animals.
3635 Chorea is any of a number of conditions characterized by brief, rapid, uncoordinated movements.
3636 Chorley (pop. 96,500), is a local government district in Lancashire, England.
3637 Chow Chow is one of the oldest breeds of dog.
3638 Chretien, Jean (1934-...), became prime minister of Canada in 1993.
3639 Chretien de Troyes was a French poet who wrote from about 1160 to about 1190.
3640
Christ of the Andes is a bronze statue of Christ on the Argentina-Chile border in the Andes Mountains.
3641 Christchurch (pop. 40,500), is a town in Dorset, England.
3642 Christchurch (pop. 307,179), is the third largest city of New Zealand, and the largest city in the South
Island.
3643 Christian IV (1577-1648), was king of Denmark from 1588 until his death.
3644 Christian IX (1818-1906), was king of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906.
3645 Christian X (1870-1947), was king of Denmark from 1912 until his death.
3646 Christian, Charlie (1916?-1942), an American musician, established the guitar as a solo instrument in
jazz.
3647 Christian Brothers is a charitable educational organization founded in Ireland in 1802 by Edmund
Ignatius Rice.
3648 Christian Era is the period from the birth of Christ to the present.
3649 Christian Scientists are members of a religious movement that stresses spiritual healing.
3650 Christianity is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
3651 Christie, Dame Agatha (1890-1976), was an English writer of detective stories.
3652 Christie, Linford (1960-...), a British athlete, won the grand slam of international 100-metre sprint titles in
1993.
3653 Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ.
3654 Christmas bells is the name given to a genus (group) of tufted summer-flowering herbs that grow only in
Australia.
3655 Christmas bush is a name given to several kinds of Australian plants.
3656
Christmas Island is an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean about 2,500 kilometres northwest of Perth.
3657 Christophe, Henri (1767-1820), was a black king in northern Haiti in the early 1800's.
3658 Christopher, Saint, is the patron saint of ferry workers and travellers.
3659 Christopher, Warren Minor (1925-...), served as United States secretary of state under President Bill
Clinton from 1993 to 1997.
3660 Chromatography is a method of separating the substances that make up a mixture.
3661 Chrome is a name given to a number of substances used as pigments in paints.
3662 Chromic acid is the common name for chromium trioxide, an important industrial compound.
3663 Chromium, a chemical element, is a glossy, fairly soft, grey metal.
3664 Chromosome is a threadlike structure found in the cells of all organisms.
3665 Chronicles, Books of, are two books of the Bible that describe the history of the Hebrews from Adam to
the 500's B.C. The books focus on the Hebrew monarchy, especially the reigns of King David (I Chron.
10-29) and King Solomon (II Chron. 1-9).
3666 Chronometer is an instrument that keeps time with extreme accuracy.
3667 Chrysalis is the third, or pupal, stage in the development of a butterfly.
3668 Chrysanthemum is any one of a group of strong-scented shrubby herbs that grow in many temperate
regions.
3669 Chrysler, Walter Percy (1875-1940), an American car manufacturer, was a founder and the first
president of the Chrysler Corporation.
3670 Chrysostom, Saint John (347?-407?), was one of the most beloved and celebrated of the fathers of the
early Christian church.
3671 Chub is the name of several freshwater fish which live in Asia, Europe, and North America.
3672 Chuckwalla is the name of several kinds of large, harmless lizards found in rocky deserts of the United
States and Mexico.
3673 Chulan bin Sultan Adullah, Raja (1869-1933), was a member of the Perak royal family.
3674 Church, in Christianity, has two basic meanings.
3675 Church, Frederick Edwin (1826-1900), was an American painter known for his huge, dramatic
landscapes.
3676 Church and state is a term that refers to the relations between churches and governments.
3677 Church Army is a voluntary organization within the Church of England.
3678 Church in Wales is the Anglican Church in Wales.
3679 Church of England is the established or national Church in England.
3680 Church of Ireland is the ancient, reformed, and Protestant Church in Ireland.
3681 Church of Scotland is the established national Church in Scotland.
3682 Churches of Christ are a group of religious congregations that accept the New Testament as their sole
rule of faith and practice.
3683 Churchill, Clive (1927-1985), was one of Australia's greatest Rugby League fullbacks.
3684 Churchill, Odette (1912-...), was a French-born British agent during World War II (1939-1945).
3685 Churchill, Lord Randolph (1849-1895), was a British Conservative politician and father of Sir Winston
Churchill, prime minister of Great Britain during World War II (1939-1945).
3686 Churchill, Sir Winston (1874-1965), became one of the greatest statesmen in world history.
3687 Churchill, Winston (1871-1947), was an American author.
3688 Churn is a container in which cream or milk is stirred or beaten.
3689 Cibber, Colley (1671-1757), an English actor and playwright, won fame for his portrayal of eccentric
characters.
3690
Cibola, Seven Cities of, were seven legendary cities in what is now the Southwestern United States.
3691
Cicada is a dark, heavy-bodied insect with four thin wings, which it can fold over its body like a roof.
3692 Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 B.C.), was a great Roman orator and statesman.
3693 Cid, The (1040?-1099), also called El Cid, is one of Spain's national heroes.
3694 Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the juice pressed out of apples.
3695 Cigar is a tight roll of dried tobacco used for smoking.
3696 Cigarette is a roll of shredded tobacco wrapped in paper.
3697 Cilento is the family name of three distinguished Australians, father, mother, and daughter.
3698 Cilia are tiny, hairlike structures that project from certain kinds of cells.
3699 Cimabue, Giovanni (1240?-1302?), an Italian painter, was the first famous painter from the city of
Florence.
3700 Cimmerians were nomads who lived in what is now southern Ukraine from about 1200 B.C. to 700 B.C.
They inhabited an area north of the Caucasus Mountains, near the Black Sea.
3701 Cimon (507?-449 B.C.) was a military and political leader in ancient Athens.
3702 Cinchona, also spelled chinchona, is a group of valuable South American trees and shrubs.
3703 Cincinnati (pop. 364,040; met. area pop. 1,130,324), in Ohio, is a major industrial and commercial centre
of the Midwestern region of the United States.
3704 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius (519?-439? B.C.), a Roman statesman and general, was a legendary
model of patriotism.
3705 Cineraria is a group of small herbs that belong to the composite family.
3706 Cinnabar is the most important ore of mercury.
3707 Cinnamon is a popular spice used in cooking and for flavouring sweets and preserves.
3708 Cinque ports are towns along the southeastern coast of England where, in the past, the monarch was
provided with free ships and crew for 15 days each year.
3709 Cinquefoil is any one of a group of plants that belong to the rose family.
3710 Circe a beautiful enchantress in Greek mythology, had the power to turn men into beasts.
3711 Circle is a closed curve on a plane.
3712
Circuit board is a small board containing electronic components that are connected to form a circuit.
3713 Circuit breaker is an automatic switch.
3714 Circulatory system is a network that carries blood throughout the body.
3715 Circumcision is the surgical removal of the skin that covers the tip of the penis.
3716 Circus is a variety show that features daring and graceful acts by trapeze artists, acrobats, horseback
riders, animal trainers, and other performers.
3717 Cirrhosis is a condition of the liver in which scar tissue forms throughout the organ.
3718 Ciskei was a homeland, an area set aside for the southern Xhosa people by the South African
government (see SOUTH AFRICAN HOMELANDS).
3719 Cistercians are monks and nuns who belong to two Roman Catholic religious orders throughout the
world.
3720 Citibank is one of the largest banks in the world.
3721 Cities of refuge were six cities of ancient Palestine.
3722 Citizens' Advice Bureaux are offices in the United Kingdom that offer advice to the public on problems
relating to citizens' rights and on the availability of social services.
3723 Citizens band radio is a method of short-distance communication used by private citizens.
3724 Citizenship is full membership of a nation or of some other unit of government.
3725 Citrange is a hybrid plant derived from the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange.
3726
Citric acid is a common organic acid that gives lemons, oranges, and other citrus fruits their sour taste.
3727 Citrin is a chemical substance that belongs to a group of chemicals called flavonoids.
3728 Citrine, Lord (1887-1983), a British trade union leader, was general secretary of the Trades Union
Congress from 1926 to 1946.
3729 Citron is a large, usually sour fruit much like the lemon.
3730 Citronella is a pale yellow oil that is made from citronella grass.
3731 Citrus is the name of a group of trees and shrubs which belong to the rue family.
3732 City is a community where thousands--or even millions--of people live and work.
3733 City of London (pop. 5,400), often known simply as The City, is the financial and business centre of the
capital.
3734 City-state is an independent or nearly independent state in which political and cultural activities are
concentrated in a single urban centre.
3735 Ciudad Bolivar (pop. 249,590), is a major port and commercial city on the Orinoco River in eastern
Venezuela.
3736 Civet is a furry mammal that looks somewhat like a long, slender cat.
3737 Civil defence, also known as civil protection, is a government-sponsored programme designed to save
lives and property if an enemy attacks a country in wartime.
3738 Civil disobedience is the deliberate and public refusal to obey a law.
3739 Civil law is a term with several meanings.
3740 Civil List is the state financial account that pays for the maintenance of the sovereign and the Royal
Family in the United Kingdom.
3741 Civil rights are the freedoms and rights that a person may have as a member of a community, state, or
nation.
3742 Civil service consists of people employed by the state to run the public services of a country.
3743
Civil War, English, was fought between the forces of King Charles I and those of the English Parliament.
3744 Civil War, Irish was fought between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish treaty of December
1921.
3745 Civilization is a way of life that arose after people began to live in cities or in societies organized as
states.
3746 Claim, in its general meaning, is a legal demand.
3747 Clair, Rene (1898-1981), was a French film director.
3748 Clairvoyance is an awareness of events, objects, or people without the use of the senses of hearing,
sight, smell, taste, or touch.
3749 Clam is an animal whose soft body is covered with a protective shell.
3750 Clan is a group of people who are related through a common ancestor.
3751 Clare is a county on the west coast of the Republic of Ireland, in the province of Munster.
3752 Clarence is the name of two rivers in Australasia.
3753
Clarendon, Earl of (1609-1674), played a leading part in restoring the monarchy in England in 1660.
3754 Clarendon Code was a series of four Acts of Parliament aimed at enforcing religious conformity with the
Church of England.
3755 Clarinet is a woodwind instrument.
3756 Clark, Lord (1903-1983), was a British writer on art who won fame with such books as The Gothic
Revival (1929), Leonardo da Vinci (1939), The Nude (1955), and Ruskin Today (1964).
3757 Clark, Ann Nolan (1898-1995), was an American author of children's books.
3758 Clark, Charles Joseph (1939-...), was prime minister of Canada from June 1979 to March 1980.
3759 Clark, Charles Manning Hope (1915-1991), an Australian historian, was professor of history at the
Australian National University from 1949 to 1975.
3760 Clark, George Rogers (1752-1818), was an American frontiersman and soldier who won important
victories in the Northwest Territory during the American Revolution (1775-1783).
3761 Clark, Jim (1936-1968), was a Scottish motor-racing driver.
3762 Clark, Mavis Thorpe (1924-...), is the pen name of Mavis Latham, an outstanding Australian children's
novelist.
3763 Clark, William (1770-1838), was an American soldier and explorer.
3764 Clarke was the name of Australia's last bushranging gang.
3765 Clarke, Sir Andrew (1824-1902), a noted Australian administrator, became surveyor general of Victoria
in 1853.
3766 Clarke, Arthur C. (1917-...), is a British-born author of science fiction and related nonfiction.
3767 Clarke, Austin (1896-1974), was a noted Irish poet.
3768 Clarke, Jeremiah (1669?-1707), was a British composer and organist.
3769 Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hislop (1846-1881), was a novelist and journalist who wrote the Australian
classic For the Term of His Natural Life.
3770 Clarke, Ron (1937-...), an Australian athlete, established himself during the mid-1960's as one of the
greatest long-distance runners in history.
3771 Class action is a type of judicial proceeding in which one or more individuals sue on behalf of a group
having similar claims.
3772
Classical music is music written chiefly for concerts, for religious services, and for opera and ballet.
3773 Classicism is a philosophy of art and life that emphasizes order, balance, and simplicity.
3774 Classification, Scientific. Scientific Classification is a method scientists have developed to arrange all of
the world's organisms in related groups.
3775 Claude (1600-1682) was a French painter who established a tradition of landscape painting that
influenced artists in Europe and America for 200 years.
3776 Claudel, Paul (1868-1955), was a French writer and diplomat.
3777 Claudius (10 B.C.-A.D. 54), was the emperor of Rome from A.D. 41 to 54.
3778 Clause is a group of words with a subject and a predicate.
3779 Clausewitz, Karl von (1780-1831), was a Prussian army officer and military theorist.
3780 Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel (1822-1888), a German physicist, helped establish thermodynamics
as a science.
3781 Clavichord is a keyboard musical instrument that was a forerunner of the piano.
3782 Clay is a substance present in most kinds of soil.
3783 Clay, Henry (1777-1852), was a leading American statesman for nearly 50 years.
3784 Clay, Lucius Dubignon (1897-1978), served as commander in chief of the United States armed forces in
Europe, and as military governor of the U.S. zone in Germany from 1947 to 1949.
3785 Clay pigeon shooting is a sport in which a person shoots at clay discs that are thrown into the air by a
machine.
3786 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, signed by the United States and Great Britain in 1850, gave both countries an
equal share in the protection of a canal to be built through Central America.
3787 Clearing house is an institution where financial transactions such as bank payments are set against
each other and the final balance for each bank or other institution is settled.
3788 Cleary, Beverly (1916-...), is an American author of books for children.
3789 Cleaver, Eldridge (1935-...), became known for preaching the doctrine of Black Power.
3790 Cleethorpes (pop. 67,500) is a popular seaside resort on the east coast of England, situated in north
east Lincolnshire.
3791 Cleft palate is a birth defect in which there is a split in the roof of the mouth.
3792 Cleisthenes was a statesman in ancient Athens.
3793 Clematis is any one of a group of perennial herbs or woody vines that grow throughout Asia, Europe,
and North America.
3794 Clemenceau, Georges (1841-1929), a French statesman, led France triumphantly through the last and
most difficult period of World War (1914-1918).
3795 Clement I, Saint (?-about A.D. 101), was elected pope about A.D. 92.
3796 Clement VII (1342-1394), was an antipope--that is, a man determined to have improperly claimed to be
or served as pope.
3797 Clement VII (1478-1534), was elected pope in 1523 and reigned during a stormy period in European
religious and political affairs.
3798 Clement VIII (1536-1605), was elected pope in 1592, during the time of renewal and reform in the
Roman Catholic Church known as the Counter Reformation.
3799 Clementi, Muzio (1752-1832), was an Italian composer best known for his piano music.
3800
Cleopatra (69-30 B.C.), was a queen of ancient Egypt and one of the most fascinating women in history.
3801 Cleopatra's Needles are two famous obelisks (tall pillars of stone) from ancient Egypt.
3802
Clerestory is an architectural term for the row of windows in a wall that rises above surrounding roofs.
3803 Clermont was the first commercially successful steamboat.
3804 Cleveland (pop. 505,616; met. area pop. 1,831,122), is the second largest city in the state of Ohio and a
leading industrial centre of the United States.
3805 Cleveland was a small administrative county in northeastern England.
3806 Cleveland, Grover (1837-1908), was president of the United States for two separate terms.
3807 Cleveland Hills are a group of hills bordering on the counties of North Yorkshire and Cleveland in
northern England.
3808 Cliburn, Van (1934-...), is an American concert pianist.
3809 Click beetle is the name used for any one of a group of beetles that spring and snap.
3810 Cliff is a steep face of rock.
3811 Clifford, Sir Hugh (1866-1941), was a pioneer British administrator in Malaya.
3812 Climate is the weather of a place averaged over a length of time.
3813 Clinical psychology is the scientific study, diagnosis, and treatment of people who have psychological
problems adjusting to themselves and the environment.
3814 Clinton, Bill (1946-...), was elected president of the United States in 1992.
3815
Clipper ship was a fast, slender sailing vessel that was developed in the United States in the mid-1800's.
3816 Clive, Robert (1725-1774), was the British administrator and military leader who brought India into the
British Empire.
3817 Clock is an instrument that shows the time.
3818 Cloister, in architecture, refers to a covered walk that encloses the courtyard of a monastery, convent,
church, or college.
3819 Cloncurry River in western Queensland, Australia, flows into the Gulf of Carpentaria.
3820 Cloncurry (pop. 3,375), is a town in northwestern Queensland, Australia, about 120 kilometres east of
the mining centre of Mount Isa.
3821 Clone is a group of genetically identical cells.
3822
Closed shop is a workshop or an industry in which only members of a trade union may be employed.
3823 Clothing includes all the different garments, accessories, and ornaments worn by people throughout the
world.
3824 Cloud is a mass of small water droplets or tiny ice crystals that floats in the air.
3825 Cloudburst is a sudden heavy rain falling for a short period of time in a small area.
3826 Clough, Arthur Hugh (1819-1861), was a British poet and scholar.
3827 Clove is the name given to the dried flower buds of a tropical tree belonging to the myrtle family.
3828 Clover is a valuable crop used to feed farm animals and to enrich the soil.
3829 Clovis I (466?-511), a Frankish king, became the first powerful ruler of the Merovingian dynasty, the
founders of the French state.
3830 Clown is a type of comic performer who usually works in a circus.
3831 Clubs in the United Kingdom (UK).
3832 Club moss is any one of a group of plants that look somewhat like large mosses.
3833 Clubfoot is an abnormal condition of the foot, usually present at birth.
3834 Clumber spaniel is a short, heavy hunting dog.
3835 Clune, Frank (1893-1971), an Australian writer, became well known for his books of travel, adventure,
history, and biography.
3836 Clunies-Ross is a family connected with the Cocos Islands in the Indian Ocean.
3837 Cluskey, Frank (1930-...), a Labour Party politician, was minister for trade and commerce in the Republic
of Ireland's coalition government during the period 1982-1983.
3838 Clwyd was a county in northeast Wales.
3839 Clyde, River, is the chief commercial waterway in Scotland.
3840 Clytemnestra was a princess in Greek mythology.
3841 Cnidarian is the name of a group of soft-bodied water animals.
3842 Cnidus was an ancient Greek city located on the southwest coast of present-day Turkey.
3843 Coach was the name for a four-wheeled vehicle drawn by animals.
3844 Coagulant is any substance that causes a fluid to clot, or thicken.
3845 Coal is a black or brown rock that can be ignited and burned.
3846 Coal tar is a thick, black, sticky liquid.
3847 Coalition is a combination of political interest groups working toward a mutual goal.
3848 Coanda, Henri-Marie (1885-1972), a Romanian civil aeronautics engineer and inventor, designed an
aeroplane based on a jet-propulsion system.
3849 Coast Ranges are a system of mountains that form the western coast of North America for about 4,020
kilometres.
3850 Coates, Eric (1886-1957), was an English composer, conductor, and viola player.
3851 Coati, also called coatimundi, is a member of the raccoon family.
3852 Coatsworth, Elizabeth (1893-1986), was an American author best known for her children's books.
3853 Coaxial cable is an electrical conductor consisting of a central, insulated conducting wire that is
surrounded by a flexible, tube-shaped conducting shielding.
3854 Cobalt is a silver-white metallic chemical element used chiefly in alloys.
3855 Cobb, Irvin Shrewsbury (1876-1944), was an American humorist.
3856 Cobb, John Rhodes (1899-1952), a British driver, once held both the world land speed record and the
world water speed record.
3857
Cobb, Ty (1886-1961), was one of the greatest and most exciting players in American baseball history.
3858 Cobb and Co. organized the first reliable transport system in Australasia.
3859
Cobbett, William (1763?-1835), a British journalist and politician, became noted for his book Rural Rides
(1830), in which he made strong comments on the state of agriculture and politics in Britain.
3860 Cobden, Richard (1804-1865), a British politician and economist, advocated free trade, particularly in
corn.
3861 Cobh (pop. 6,372), is a port and holiday resort in County Cork in the Republic of Ireland.
3862
Cobham, Sir Alan John (1894-1973), a British aviator, pioneered refuelling in the air and introduced this
system to the United States Air Force and Navy, and the British Royal Air Force, in 1951.
3863 Cobra is any one of a group of poisonous "hooded" snakes.
3864 Coca is one of a group of South American shrubs or small trees.
3865 Cocaine is a powerful drug made from leaves of the coca shrub of South America.
3866 Cochise (1800?-1874), was an American Indian chief who fought white settlers living in what are now
Arizona and New Mexico.
3867 Cochran, Sir Charles Blake (1872-1951), was a British stage producer who became famous for his
spectacular shows.
3868 Cochran, Jacqueline (1912-1980), was an American businesswoman and pioneer aeroplane pilot.
3869 Cochrane, Mickey (1903-1962), rose to baseball fame as a catcher for the Philadelphia Athletics and
catcher-manager for the Detroit Tigers.
3870 Cock-of-the-rock is the name of two species of South American birds.
3871 Cockatiel, also spelled cockateel, is a grey bird related to the cockatoo.
3872 Cockatoo is the name of several large parrots.
3873 Cockburn Sound, a deepwater port, is the largest of three main anchorages within the outer harbour of
the Port of Fremantle in Western Australia.
3874 Cockcroft, Sir John Douglas (1897-1967), a British nuclear physicist, won the 1951 Nobel Prize for
physics with Ernest T. S. Walton for being the first to disintegrate atomic nuclei with artificially
accelerated particles.
3875 Cocker spaniel is the name of two similar breeds of dogs, the English cocker spaniel and the American
cocker spaniel.
3876 Cockerell, Sir Christopher (1910-...), a British electronics engineer, was a pioneer in the development of
the hovercraft.
3877 Cockfield, Lord (1916-...), Francis Arthur Cockfield, a British politician and a Conservative life peer, was
a vice president of the European Community Commission from 1985 to 1988.
3878 Cockfighting is a sport in which two gamecocks (fighting cockerels) battle each other in a fight to the
death.
3879 Cockle is a sea animal with a tough, protective shell.
3880 Cocklebur, also known as clotbur, is the name of certain species of annual weeds belonging to the daisy
family.
3881 Cockney is a nickname for a citizen of London, particularly one from the East End area.
3882 Cockroach is an insect best known as a household pest.
3883 Cockscomb is a flower with heads of red and yellow blossoms shaped like a cockerel's comb or like an
ostrich plume.
3884 Coconut palm is the tall, graceful tree on which the coconut grows.
3885 Cocoon is a protective covering that encloses the pupa and sometimes the larva of many insects.
3886 Cocos (Keeling) Islands are in the Indian Ocean, 2,768 kilometres northwest of Perth, Australia.
3887 Cocteau, Jean (1889-1963), a French writer, often used his many talents to shock the public.
3888 Cod is a major food fish.
3889 Cod-liver oil is a yellow, fishy smelling oil obtained from the livers of codfish.
3890 Code in law, combines all the laws on a given subject in a single statute or ordinance.
3891 Code Napoleon is the name often given to the code that contains the civil, as distinguished from the
criminal, law of France.
3892 Codeine, also called methylmorphine, is a drug used to relieve pain (thus an analgesic or pain-killer) and
coughing (thus an antitussive).
3893 Codes and ciphers are methods of writing a message so that only people with a key can read it.
3894 Codling moth is a small brown and bronze-coloured moth.
3895 Coe, Sebastian (1956-...), one of the United Kingdom's outstanding athletes, won fame for his recordbreaking
triumphs in track events.
3896 Coeducation is the teaching of males and females together in the same class or school.
3897 Coelacanth is a primitive type of fish found in the western Indian Ocean.
3898 Coelom is the body cavity found in vertebrates and higher invertebrates.
3899
Coen, Jan Pieterszoon (1587-1629), served two terms as governor general of the Netherlands Indies.
3900 Coercion acts were laws passed by the British Parliament during the 1800's to strengthen the powers of
the British administration in Ireland.
3901
Coertse, Mimi (1932-...), was the first South African opera singer to be ranked among the world's best.
3902 Coetzee, J. M. (1940-...), a highly acclaimed South African writer, won the British Booker-McConnell
prize for his novel The Life and Times of Michael K in 1983.
3903 Coffee, the drink made from the roasted and ground beans of the coffee plant, is a favourite hot drink in
almost every country in the world.
3904 Coffee house was a type of cafe that served as a centre of business, cultural, and political life in Great
Britain.
3905 Cofferdam is a temporary walled enclosure used in construction.
3906 Coffs Harbour (pop. 18,074), is a port and tourist resort on the midnorth coast of New South Wales,
Australia.
3907 Coggan, Lord (1909-...), Baron Coggan of Canterbury and Sissinghurst, was Archbishop of Canterbury,
England, from 1974 to 1979.
3908
Cohan, George M. (1878-1942), was a leading figure in the American theatre during the early 1900's.
3909 Cohen, Harriet (1895-1967), was a British pianist of international repute.
3910 Cohen, Leonard (1934-...), is a Canadian poet and novelist.
3911 Cohesion is the force that holds a material together.
3912 Cohn, Ferdinand Julius (1828-1898), was a German botanist and pioneer in bacteriology.
3913 Coin collecting is one of the most popular hobbies in the world.
3914 Coke is a hard, greyish substance obtained when soft coal is heated in an airtight coke oven.
3915 Coke, Sir Edward (1552-1634), was an English barrister and judge.
3916 Coke, Thomas William (1752-1842), Earl of Leicester of Holkham, was one of the first British
agriculturists to improve land and farm produce by the rotation of crops, and by the use of root crops to
feed livestock.
3917 Coke oven gas, also called coal gas, is the gas obtained when coal is heated in an airtight place.
3918
Colac (pop. 9,170), is a city on the southern shore of Lake Colac in southwestern Victoria, Australia.
3919 Colbert, Jean Baptiste (1619-1683), a French statesman, served King Louis XIV as superintendent of
finance for 22 years.
3920 Colbung, Ken (1930-...), an Aboriginal organizer, became chairman of the Australian Institute of
Aboriginal Studies in 1984.
3921 Colchester (pop. 141,100), is a town in northeast Essex, England.
3922 Colchicum is a poisonous plant that grows wild in the moist meadowlands of England, Ireland, and of
middle and southern Europe.
3923 Cold, Common. The common cold is any of a number of infections of the upper respiratory tract.
3924 Cold-blooded animal is an animal that has no built-in control over its body temperature.
3925 Cold frame is a boxlike structure built on the ground to protect plants during cold weather.
3926 Cold sore is a cluster of small blisters caused by a virus called herpes simplex virus.
3927 Cold storage is a method of storing foods and other perishable products by keeping them at low
temperatures above freezing and in moist air.
3928 Cold War is the term used to describe the intense rivalry that developed after World War II (1939-1945)
in 1945 between groups of Communist and non-Communist nations.
3929 Cole, G. D. H. (1889-1959), was a British economist, political writer, and novelist.
3930 Cole, Nat "King" (1917-1965), was an American singer and pianist.
3931 Cole, Thomas (1801-1848), was a leader of the first group of American landscape painters.
3932 Colebee was an Aborigine from Port Jackson, on the east coast of Australia.
3933 Coleman, John (1928-1973), an Australian Rules football player, kicked 537 goals in a little over five
seasons playing for Essendon, a suburb of Melbourne.
3934 Colenso, William (1811-1899), was a missionary, scientist, explorer, printer, and politician.
3935 Coleraine (pop. 51,060), is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
3936 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772-1834), was a poet and philosopher-critic of the English romantic
movement.
3937 Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel (1875-1912), a British composer, is best remembered for his choral and
orchestral setting of Longfellow's poem Hiawatha.
3938 Colet, John (1467?-1519), was an English scholar, teacher, and priest who influenced the revival of
learning and the reformation of the Church in England.
3939 Colette (1873-1954) was a French author.
3940 Coleus is the name for a group of plants native to tropical and nearly tropical areas of Asia, Africa,
Australia, and the Pacific Islands.
3941 Colic is a severe cramping pain resulting from the contraction of any of the hollow, muscular abdominal
organs, such as the stomach and intestines.
3942 Coligny, Gaspard de (1519-1572), was one of the ablest French statesmen during the troubled period of
religious wars.
3943 Colitis is a disease involving inflammation of the colon or other parts of the large intestine.
3944 Collage is a picture or design made by gluing pieces of paper or other materials onto a canvas or
another surface.
3945 Collagen is a protein found throughout the bodies of human beings and animals.
3946 Collamer, Jacob (1791-1865), an American statesman, was postmaster general in the administration of
President Zachary Taylor, who held office from March 1849 to July 1850.
3947 Collarbone is a long, slender, curved bone that connects the breastbone with a hooklike projection on
the shoulder blade.
3948 Collards are the leaves of the collard plant, a vegetable related to the cabbage.
3949 Collection agency is an organization that collects overdue payments.
3950 Collective behaviour is a term in sociology that refers to how people act in crowds and other large,
relatively unorganized groups.
3951 Collective farm is a farm operated by a group cooperatively.
3952 Collectivism is a political and economic system in which the government or the people as a group own
the land, factories, and other means of production.
3953 College of Arms is a body consisting of 13 members who act officially in matters concerning heraldry in
England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Commonwealth.
3954 Colles, Abraham (1773-1843), was an Irish surgeon of the early 1800's.
3955 Collie is a breed of dog that originated in Scotland, probably during the 1600's.
3956 Collie, Alexander (1793-1835), a Scottish-born naturalist and surgeon, arrived in Western Australia in
1829 on the warship Sulphur.
3957 Collier, Marie (1927-1971), an Australian singer, became a principal soprano at the Royal Opera House,
Covent Garden, in London, England, in 1956.
3958 Collier Bay lies at the mouth of the Charnley and Isdell rivers, on the northern coast of Western
Australia.
3959 Collingwood, Lord (1750-1810), Cuthbert Collingwood, was a British admiral who played a prominent
part in the wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France.
3960 Collins, David (1756-1810), was the founder of Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, Australia, and the first
lieutenant governor of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).
3961 Collins, Gerard (1938-...), was minister of foreign affairs for the Republic of Ireland for the second time
from 1989 to 1992.
3962 Collins, Michael (1930-...), an American astronaut, was a crewman on the Apollo 11 mission, which
made the first manned landing on the moon.
3963 Collins, Michael (1890-1922), was one of the chief leaders in Ireland's struggle for independence.
3964 Collins, Wilkie (1824-1889), an English author, was one of the most successful writers of detective fiction
in the 1800's.
3965 Collinsville (pop. 3,173), is a coal-mining centre in Queensland, Australia.
3966 Collodi, Carlo (1826-1890), an Italian author, wrote the famous children's story The Adventures of
Pinocchio (1883).
3967 Colloid is a material composed of tiny particles of one substance that are dispersed (distributed), but not
dissolved, in another substance.
3968 Colobus is a type of monkey that lives in Africa south of the Sahara to the Zambezi River.
3969 Cologne (pop. 916,153), is a city in western Germany.
3970 Colombia is a country in northwestern South America.
3971 Colombo (pop. 616,000), is the capital, seaport, and largest city of Sri Lanka.
3972 Colombo Plan provides assistance for economic development to countries of South and Southeast Asia
and the Pacific.
3973 Colon is a part of the large intestine.
3974 Colon (pop. 59,840), is the third largest city in Panama.
3975 Colon is a mark of punctuation shown as :.
3976 Colonial life in America. The story of the American colonists is one of the great adventure tales of all
time.
3977 Colonialism is the system by which one society or state (the colonial power) controls the people and
resources of another place, the colony.
3978
Colony is a settlement established by people outside their native land, and ruled by the mother country.
3979 Colorado is a state in the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States.
3980 Colorado beetle, also called Colorado potato beetle, is a stout yellow beetle and the most destructive of
the insect pests that attack the potato plant.
3981
Colosseum also called the Flavian Amphitheatre, was the largest outdoor theatre of ancient Rome.
3982 Colossians, Epistle to the, is the 12th book of the New Testament.
3983 Colour fills our world with beauty.
3984 Colour blindness, sometimes called daltonism, is the inability to tell all colours apart.
3985 Colster, Willem Joosten Van, a Dutch explorer, charted the west coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in
Northern Australia.
3986 Colt, Samuel (1814-1862), an American gunsmith, developed the first successful repeating pistol.
3987 Colter, John (1770?-1813), an American trapper, discovered and explored the Yellowstone region, in the
United States.
3988 Coltrane, John William (1926-1967), was a famous jazz saxophonist and composer.
3989 Coltsfoot is a wild plant of Europe and Asia.
3990 Colum, Padraic (1881-1972), was an original member of the group of Irish writers that made Dublin's
Abbey Theatre famous.
3991 Columba, Saint (521-597), founded several monasteries in Ireland and made the island of Iona, off
western Scotland, a centre for missionary work.
3992 Columbanus, Saint (?-615), was an Irish missionary whose work greatly influenced the spread of
Christian teaching in Europe.
3993 Columbia River is one of the chief rivers of the Western United States and Canada.
3994 Columbine, also called aquilegia, is a graceful plant, with about 100 species throughout the Northern
Hemisphere.
3995 Columbite is a mineral ore.
3996 Columbus (pop. 632,910; met. area pop. 1,377,419), is the capital city and a leading industrial centre of
Ohio, in the United States.
3997 Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506), was an outstanding navigator and organizer of expeditions.
3998 Column is a freestanding vertical architectural element.
3999 Colwyn (pop. 54,600), is a local government area in western Clwyd, Wales.
4000 Coma is a state of deep and complete loss of consciousness.
4001 Comaneci, Nadia, (1961-...), a Romanian gymnast, became the first gymnast to receive a perfect score
of 10 in the Olympic Games.
4002
Combine harvester is a farm machine that cuts and threshes grain or other crops in one operation.
4003 Combustion is a chemical reaction that gives off heat and light.
4004 Comedy is a form of drama that deals with humorous or ridiculous aspects of human behaviour.
4005 Comenius, John Amos (1592-1670), was a Czech educational reformer and religious leader.
4006 Comet is an icy body that normally travels around the sun in a long, oval orbit.
4007 Comfrey is a bushy perennial plant found in Europe and Asia.
4008 Comics are a series of related cartoons that tell a story.
4009 Cominform, short for Communist Information Bureau, was established in 1947.
4010
Comintern, short for Communist International, often called the Third International, was founded in 1919.
4011 Comitia were assemblies of the people of ancient Rome.
4012 Comma is a mark of punctuation shown as , .
4013 Commander in chief has supreme command of a nation's armed services.
4014 Commander Islands, also called Komandorskiye Islands, are a Russian island group in the Bering Sea,
east of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
4015 Commando is the British term for a soldier who is trained to take part in specialized hit-and-run or raiding
operations.
4016 Commercial art includes many types of art used for business purposes.
4017 Commercial paper is a term used broadly to describe business documents that are either orders or
promises to pay money.
4018 Commission, Military, is a written order giving an officer rank in the armed services.
4019 Committee of the whole is a committee composed of all the members of an organization.
4020 Commodity exchange is an organized market for almost any raw material or food that is produced in
large quantities.
4021 Common carrier is a person or company who exercises the profession of carrying goods or passengers
for a reasonable price, and is available to anyone who wishes to use him.
4022 Common law is a body of rulings made by judges on the basis of community customs and previous court
decisions.
4023 Common market is an economic union of nations.
4024 Commons are tracts of open land that people may use in common.
4025 Commons, John Rogers (1862-1945), was an American pioneer in the development of many applied
fields of economics.
4026
Commonwealth is a term sometimes used for a state, a country, or a group of states and countries.
4027 Commonwealth Day is celebrated in the United Kingdom (UK) on the second Monday in March.
4028 Commonwealth Games is the name given to a sporting competition open to individuals and teams
representing countries from within the Commonwealth of Nations (see COMMONWEALTH OF
NATIONS).
4029 Commonwealth Institute is a building in London that houses exhibitions about the Commonwealth of
Nations and its members.
4030 Commonwealth of Independent States is a loose association of independent nations that were formerly
republics of the Soviet Union.
4031 Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries and other political units that have
lived under British law and government.
4032 Communal society is a community formed by people who believe that they can make a better life
together than any of them could make alone.
4033 Commune is the smallest district of local government in France and some other countries.
4034
Communication is sharing information or providing entertainment by speaking, writing, or other methods.
4035 Communion, in Christian churches, is the sacrament (holy ceremony) of the Lord's Supper.
4036 Communism is a political and economic system that became one of the most powerful forces in the
world.
4037 Community, in the social sciences, is a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs and who
may live in the same area.
4038 Comoros is an archipelago (group of islands) in the Indian Ocean between the mainland of Africa and
the island country of Madagascar.
4039 Compact disc, often called CD, is a round, flat platter on which information is stored in the form of digital
(numerical) code.
4040 Company is a business enterprise in which people work together for the purpose of manufacturing,
buying, or selling goods, or providing a service.
4041 Comparative psychology is the study of differences and similarities in the behaviour of animals of
different species.
4042 Comparison, in grammar, is the inflection of some adjectives and adverbs to express a greater or
smaller degree of the quality the word denotes.
4043 Compass is a device for determining direction.
4044 Compass plant is a coarse plant that grows in the Midwestern United States.
4045 Composer is a person who writes music.
4046 Composite family, also called Compositae or Asteraceae, is the largest and the most highly developed
family of flowering plants.
4047 Compost is a kind of fertilizer made from partly decayed plant material.
4048 Compound is a substance that contains more than one kind of atom.
4049 Compound eye is a type of eye that has many tiny lenses close together.
4050 Compton, Denis (1918-1997), played cricket for Middlesex and England.
4051 Compton-Burnett, Dame Ivy (1892-1969), an English novelist, ranks among the most accomplished
literary stylists of her time.
4052 Computer is a device that processes information with astonishing speed and accuracy.
4053 Computer, Personal is a desktop or handheld computer designed for general-purpose use.
4054 Computer file is a collection of electronic data, used to organize the storage and processing of data by
computer.
4055 Computer graphics is a term that refers both to the use of computers to create or change images and to
the images themselves.
4056 Computerized tomography (CT) is an X-ray system used to produce images of various parts of the body,
such as the head, heart, and abdomen.
4057 Computer keyboard is the main device for entering information into a computer.
4058 Computer language is a set of symbols in which operating instructions for a computer are written.
4059 Computer modelling is the creation of electronic representations of objects or ideas.
4060 Computer monitor is the device that displays words and images when we work, play, communicate, or
learn with a computer.
4061 Computer network is a collection of computers that are interconnected to share information and
processing resources.
4062 Computer security is the protection of computer systems, and the data stored on them, against
unauthorized access.
4063 Computer simulation is the creation of electronic representations of objects or ideas that respond to
changing factors.
4064 Computer storage disk is the standard medium for storing data.
4065 Comte, Auguste (1798-1857), was a French social thinker and philosopher.
4066 Conakry (pop. 763,000), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Guinea.
4067 Concentration camp is a place where political enemies, real or assumed, are imprisoned, usually without
trial.
4068 Concertina is a musical instrument in which metal reeds are made to vibrate by air pressure produced by
opening and closing a bellows.
4069 Concerto is a musical composition played by one or more solo instruments and an orchestra.
4070 Conch is a large sea snail with a heavy, spiral shell. There are many kinds of conch.
4071 Concord (pop. 36,006), is the capital and third largest city in the state of New Hampshire in the United
States.
4072 Concord, Battle of on April 19, 1775, marked the second clash between the patriots and the British in the
American Revolution.
4073 Concussion is a temporary disturbance of brain function caused by a sudden blow to the head.
4074 Condamine is a river in southeastern Queensland, Australia.
4075 Condensed milk is a pasteurized, concentrated form of milk.
4076 Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de (1715-1780), a French philosopher and psychologist, stressed the
importance of the senses.
4077 Condon, Edward Uhler (1902-1974), an American physicist, became noted for his contributions to
theoretical physics.
4078 Condor is either of two species of large vulture found in the Western Hemisphere.
4079 Condorcet, Marquis de (1743-1794), was a French philosopher.
4080 Cone, in geometry, is a solid figure whose base lies on a plane and is bounded by a closed curve called
the directrix.
4081 Cone shell is one of several marine snails, named after their cone-shaped shells.
4082 Confederate States of America was the name taken by six southern states of the United States when
they organized their own government at Montgomery, Alabama, in February 1861.
4083 Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a non-party political body in the United Kingdom that
represents more than 250,000 British businesses.
4084
Confederation of Irish Industry (CII) is an organization that represents industry in the Republic of Ireland.
4085 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) is any of a series of conferences designed
to increase cooperation between certain Eastern and Western European nations.
4086
Confession, in law, is a voluntary statement in which a person admits that he or she is guilty of a crime.
4087 Confirmation is a religious ceremony practised by several faiths.
4088 Conflict of interest occurs if an individual has a financial or other interest in a company doing business
with his or her employer.
4089 Confucianism is a philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.
4090
Confucius (551?-479? B.C.), was the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history.
4091 Conga drum is a percussion instrument that is chiefly used in playing Latin-American music.
4092 Congleton (pop. 82,900), is a local government district in Cheshire, England.
4093 Conglomerate, in business, is a large corporation that controls or owns a number of companies that
generally operate in unrelated markets.
4094 Congo (Brazzaville) is a hot, humid country in west-central Africa.
4095 Congo River, is the fifth longest river in the world.
4096 Congregationalists are members of a Protestant religious group.
4097 Congress comes from the Latin word congressus, which means a meeting.
4098 Congress of the United States makes the nation's laws.
4099 Congreve, Richard (1818-1899), was a British essayist.
4100
Congreve, William (1670-1729), was an English dramatist who wrote witty, sophisticated comedies.
4101
Congreve, Sir William (1772-1828), a British inventor, developed rockets that could carry explosives.
4102 Conifer is any one of a large group of trees or shrubs that bears its seeds in cones.
4103 Conjugation is a complete list of the forms of a verb by mood, number, person, tense, and voice.
4104 Conjunction is a word used to connect words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.
4105 Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the membrane that covers the white part of the eyeball and the inner
lining of the eyelid.
4106 Conkers is a traditional autumn game for children in the United Kingdom.
4107 Connacht is one of the four provinces of Ireland.
4108 Connecticut is a state in the northeastern United States.
4109
Connective tissue connects body organs and tissues, holds organs in place, and supports the body.
4110 Connell, Desmond (1926-...), became the Roman Catholic archbishop of Dublin and primate of Ireland in
1988.
4111 Connolly, James (1870-1916), was an Irish trade union leader and nationalist.
4112 Connolly, Patrick (1927-...), became the Republic of Ireland's attorney general in 1982.
4113 Connors, Jimmy (1952-...), an American tennis champion, was one of the best singles players in the
world.
4114 Conquistadors were Spaniards who conquered Indian peoples in parts of Latin America mainly during
the first half of the 1500's.
4115 Conrad, Joseph (1857-1924), was a Polish-born author who wrote in English.
4116 Conscientious objector is a person who, for religious or other reasons, refuses to serve in the military in
defence of his or her country.
4117 Conscription, also called military draft or national service, is a method of selecting men, and very
occasionally women, for compulsory military service.
4118 Conservation is the management, protection, and wise use of natural resources.
4119 Conservatism is an attitude or philosophy that places great emphasis on tradition.
4120 Conservative Party is one of the United Kingdom's (UK) two main political parties.
4121 Consonant is a letter or sound which in speech requires hindering of the breath by the tongue, teeth, or
lips.
4122 Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to do something that is against the law.
4123 Constable is a police officer.
4124 Constable, John (1776-1837), ranks with J. M. W. Turner as the leading English landscape painter of the
1800's.
4125 Constantine (pop. 448,578), is a trading centre in Algeria about 80 kilometres from the Mediterranean
Sea.
4126 Constantine I (1868-1923), of Greece was king from 1913 to 1917 and 1920 to 1922.
4127 Constantine II (1940-...) of Greece was king from 1964 to 1973.
4128
Constantine, Learie (1902-1971), was one of the most talented cricketers the game has produced.
4129 Constantine the Great was the first emperor of Rome to become a Christian.
4130 Constellation is a group of stars visible within a particular region of the night sky.
4131
Constipation is a condition in which the bowel does not rid itself of waste materials as readily as usual.
4132 Constitution is a statement outlining the agreed basic principles of formal organizations ranging from
national governments to private clubs.
4133 Constitution is a famous frigate of the United States Navy.
4134 Constitutions of Clarendon were an early attempt, in England, to define the boundaries between the
rights of the Church and the jurisdiction of the Crown.
4135 Construction equipment is machinery used to build and demolish bridges, buildings, and other
structures.
4136 Consul is an official appointed by the government of one country to look after its commercial and cultural
interests in a city of another country.
4137 Consumer Price Index is a statistical measurement usually used to describe changes in the retail price of
goods and services in a particular area, region, city, or country.
4138 Consumerism is a movement that promotes the interests of buyers of goods and services.
4139 Consumption, in economics, is the amount of money that is spent on goods and services during a
specified period, usually one year.
4140 Contact lens is a device used to correct an eye's nearsightedness or farsightedness.
4141
Containerization is a method of shipping freight by placing it inside large metal boxes called containers.
4142 Conteh, John (1951-...), is a British boxer who became the world champion in the light-heavyweight
class.
4143 Contempt, in law, is wilful disregard or disobedience of public authority, such as a court or legislative
assembly.
4144 Continent is a part of the earth's surface that forms one of the great dry-land masses of the world.
4145 Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the American Colonies that first met in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Sept. 5, 1774.
4146 Continental divide is the term used to designate the line of elevated land that separates areas drained to
opposite sides of a continent.
4147 Continental drift is the name of the theory that says the continents have moved great distances on the
earth's surface and are still moving today.
4148 Continental System sought to choke off the United Kingdom's (UK) trade with the rest of Europe in the
early 1800's.
4149 Contraband, in commerce, means trade forbidden by law.
4150 Contract is an agreement made by two or more persons that is enforceable by law.
4151 Contrail is a thin line of cloud that forms behind aircraft at high altitudes.
4152 Contralto is the lowest voice a woman can sing, and falls in the lower register of an alto voice.
4153 Convent is a religious community, usually of women, who have taken religious vows and live under
religious rule.
4154 Converter is a device used to convert electrical energy from alternating current to direct current.
4155 Convertibility describes a currency which may be freely exchanged for another country's currency or
gold.
4156 Conveyancing is the legal procedure used for transferring real property from one owner to another.
4157 Conveyor belt is a device that conveys (carries) large quantities of material from place to place.
4158 Convicts in Australia and their jailers were the earliest European settlers.
4159 Convoy is a group of merchant ships travelling together for defence against enemy attack.
4160 Convulsions are involuntary contractions of groups of muscles often accompanied by loss of
consciousness.
4161 Conway, William Cardinal (1913-1977), was Roman Catholic archbishop of Armagh, in Northern Ireland,
and primate of All Ireland from 1963 to 1977.
4162 Coober Pedy (pop. 2,880), is Australia's largest opal-mining centre.
4163 Cook, Frederick Albert (1865-1940), an American explorer, claimed he discovered the North Pole in April
1908.
4164 Cook, James (1728-1779), was a British navigator and one of the world's greatest explorers.
4165 Cook, Sir Joseph (1860-1947), was prime minister of Australia in 1913 and 1914.
4166 Cook, Robin (1946-...), a British politician, became foreign secretary following the Labour Party's victory
in 1997.
4167 Cook, Thomas (1808-1892), a British businessman, founded the worldwide tourist service of Thomas
Cook and Son.
4168 Cook Islands lie in the South Pacific Ocean, about 2,900 kilometres northeast of New Zealand.
4169
Cook Strait is the stretch of water that separates the North Island of New Zealand from the South Island.
4170 Cooker is an appliance that provides heat for cooking.
4171 Cooking is the preparation of food for eating.
4172 Cookstown (pop. 30,883), is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
4173
Cooktown is a coastal town in northeast Queensland, Australia, about 193 kilometres north of Cairns.
4174 Coolgardie (pop. 5,615), is an Australian mining town in the eastern goldfields district of Western
Australia, about 560 kilometres east of Perth.
4175 Coolidge, Calvin (1872-1933), was the 30th president of the United States (1923-1929).
4176 Cooma (pop. 9,762), is an Australian town in the Monaro tablelands (plateaus) of southeastern New
South Wales, located to the east of the Snowy Mountains.
4177 Coombs, H. C. (1906-...), was governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia and chairman of the Reserve
Bank Board from 1960 to 1968.
4178
Coonalpyn Downs is part of the Ninety Mile Desert, 256 kilometres southeast of Adelaide, Australia.
4179 Cooney, Barbara (1917-...), is an American illustrator of children's books.
4180 Cooper, Sir Astley Paston (1768-1841), was a British surgeon who pioneered many operations.
4181 Cooper, Gary (1901-1961), was an American film actor who appeared in more than 90 films.
4182 Cooper, Henry (1934-...), a British professional boxer, was British heavyweight boxing champion for a
total of 10 years.
4183 Cooper, James Fenimore (1789-1851), was an American novelist and social critic.
4184 Cooper, Peter (1791-1883), was an American inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist.
4185 Cooper, Susan (1935-...), a British author, won the 1976 Newbery Medal for her novel The Grey King
(1975).
4186 Cooper, Dame Whina (1895?-1994), was a community leader and campaigner for the rights of the Maori
people of New Zealand.
4187 Cooper Creek is the southern part of the Barcoo River, below the junction of the Thompson and Barcoo
rivers near Windorah, in southwestern Queensland, Australia.
4188 Cooperative is a business owned by the people who use its services.
4189 Coorong is a narrow strip of water in the southeast of South Australia.
4190 Coot is the name of nine kinds of marsh birds in the rail family.
4191 Cootamundra (pop. 7,986), is a town in southern New South Wales, Australia, on the railway line from
Sydney to Melbourne.
4192 Copeland (pop. 70,700), is a local government district in Cumbria, England.
4193 Copeland, William Taylor (1797-1868), was head of the Spode pottery works in central England.
4194 Copenhagen (pop. 464,566; met. area pop. 1,339,395), is the capital and largest city of Denmark.
4195 Copepod is a small crustacean of the class Crustacea.
4196 Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543), was a Polish astronomer who developed the theory that the earth is
a moving planet.
4197 Copland, Aaron (1900-1990), was an American composer who wrote in many styles and forms.
4198 Copley, John Singleton (1738-1815), is generally considered the greatest portrait painter in colonial
America.
4199 Coppard, A. E. (1878-1957), a British poet and short-story writer, was noted for the vivid narrative style
of his stories.
4200 Copper has been one of the most useful metals for over 7,000 years.
4201
Copperhead is the name of two different poisonous snakes, one North American, the other Australian.
4202 Coppola, Francis Ford (1939-...), is an American film director, producer, and writer.
4203 Copra is the dried meat of the coconut.
4204 Coprosma is a group of about 90 kinds of plants.
4205 Copts is a term first used to refer to certain native residents of ancient Egypt.
4206 Copyright refers to a body of exclusive rights that protect the works of authors and other creative people
against copying or unauthorized public performance.
4207 Coral is a limestone formation formed in the sea by millions of tiny animals.
4208 Coral Sea is the part of the Pacific Ocean between the northeast coast of Australia, the Solomon
Islands, and the Vanuatu island group.
4209 Coral Sea Islands stretch northeast from the Great Barrier Reef.
4210
Coral snake is the name given to several closely related poisonous snakes of the Western Hemisphere.
4211 Coral tree, also known as coralbean, is the name of more than 100 species of trees and shrubs that
grow in tropical and nearly tropical regions throughout the world.
4212 Corby (pop. 52,300), is a local government area in Northamptonshire, England.
4213 Cord is a unit for measuring firewood.
4214 Corday, Charlotte (1768-1793), a French patriot, killed Jean Paul Marat, a radical leader of the French
Revolution, during the Reign of Terror in 1793.
4215 Cordillera is a group of mountain ranges, usually the principal mountain group of a continent.
4216 Cordite is one of the original smokeless powders used to propel projectiles from guns.
4217 Cordoba (pop. 1,179,372), is Argentina's second largest city.
4218 Cordoba (pop. 300,229), is an ancient Moorish city in Spain, and the capital of Cordoba province.
4219 Corduroy is a cotton or cotton blend fabric with raised ribs of the cloth running lengthwise.
4220
Corelli, Arcangelo (1653-1713), was one of the earliest major violinists and composers of violin music.
4221 Corelli, Marie (1855-1924), an English writer, won fame as a romantic novelist.
4222 Coreopsis is a large group of plants related to the sunflower.
4223 Coriander is an annual herb that grows in the countries around the Mediterranean Sea.
4224 Corinth was one of the most important cities of ancient Greece.
4225 Corinth Canal provides a waterway between the Gulf of Corinth and the Saronic Gulf in east-central
Greece.
4226 Corinthians, Epistles to the, are the seventh and eighth books of the New Testament of the Bible.
4227 Corio Bay is part of the western arm of Port Phillip Bay in Victoria, Australia.
4228 Coriolanus, Gaius Marcius, was a general of the early Roman Republic.
4229 Coriolis effect is the apparent effect of the earth's rotation on the motion of anything travelling across the
face of the globe.
4230 Cork is a coastal county in the province of Munster in the southwest of the Republic of Ireland.
4231 Cork (pop. 127,024), is the second largest city of the Republic of Ireland.
4232 Cork is a lightweight, spongy substance obtained from the bark of the cork oak tree.
4233 Corm is a short, thick underground stem.
4234 Cormorant is a large, web-footed bird that catches fish by diving under water.
4235 Corn is a small, hard, shiny thickening of the epidermis (outer layer of the skin).
4236 Corn borer, also called the European corn borer, is a serious insect menace to maize crops.
4237 Corn Laws were measures passed in England between the 1400's and mid-1800's to control the price of
small grains, called corn in England.
4238 Corn oil is a vegetable oil made from the kernel of the maize plant.
4239 Corn syrup is a thick, sweet liquid made from cornflour.
4240 Corneille, Pierre (1606-1684), was a French playwright.
4241 Cornelian is a red or reddish-brown quartz which can be cut and polished as a jewel.
4242 Cornell, Ezra (1807-1874), was an American businessman and philanthropist.
4243 Cornet is a brass musical instrument that resembles a shortened trumpet.
4244 Cornflour is a fine white flour made by grinding and refining grains of maize.
4245 Cornflower is a plant that bears small flowers shaped like buttons.
4246 Cornucopia is a horn of plenty, a symbol of nature's productivity.
4247 Cornwall is the most southwesterly county in England.
4248 Cornwall, Duchy of, consists of estates granted to the monarch's eldest son, who receives the revenue
from the estates after he is 21.
4249 Cornwallis, Charles (1738-1805), the first Marquis Cornwallis, was a British general in the American
Revolution.
4250 Cornwallis, Edward (1713-1776), a British soldier and colonial official, led 2,500 settlers to Nova Scotia,
in Canada, in 1749 and founded the city of Halifax.
4251 Coromandel Peninsula is a hilly headland extending northward from the main part of the North Island of
New Zealand.
4252 Corona is the outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere.
4253 Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de (1510-1554), was a Spanish explorer.
4254 Coronary thrombosis, also called coronary occlusion, is a condition in which a clot blocks the passage of
blood in an artery of the heart.
4255
Coronation is a ceremony at which a king, queen, or pope publicly receives a crown as a symbol of rule.
4256 Coroner is the official who makes enquiries into any unnatural or sudden death of which the cause is
unknown.
4257 Corot, Camille (1796-1875), was a French landscape and figure painter.
4258 Corporation is a person or group of people who obtain a charter giving them certain legal rights and
privileges.
4259 Corps is an army unit consisting of two or more divisions.
4260 Corpuscle, in physiology, is a term used for a small mass or body.
4261 Correggio (1489?-1534), was an important painter of the Italian Renaissance.
4262 Corregidor, a rocky fortified island, covers about 5 square kilometres at the entrance to Manila Bay on
the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.
4263 Correspondence school is an educational institution that teaches by means of an interchange of letters
between teachers and pupils.
4264 Corroboree is a name used by white Australians to describe Aboriginal dances.
4265 Corrosion is the destruction of a material caused by the chemical action of a gas or liquid.
4266
Corrupt practices are unethical techniques used by politicians to gain a political advantage in an election.
4267 Corsica (pop. 240,178), is a French island in the Mediterranean Sea.
4268
Corso is the popular name for the New Zealand Council of Organization for Relief Services Overseas.
4269 Cortes, Hernando (1485-1547), was a Spanish explorer who conquered what is now central and
southern Mexico.
4270 Cortisone is one of an important group of hormones made in the cortex (outer part) of the adrenal
glands.
4271 Cortot, Alfred (1877-1962), was a Swiss-born pianist, writer, and teacher.
4272 Corundum is the second hardest pure mineral.
4273 Cosby, Bill (1937-...), is a leading American entertainer, author, and TV producer.
4274
Cosgrave, Liam (1920-...), was Taoiseach (prime minister) of the Republic of Ireland from 1973 to 1977.
4275 Cosgrave, William Thomas (1880-1965), was president of the Irish Free State's Executive Council from
1922 to 1932.
4276 Cosmetics are substances applied to a person's body to cleanse, promote attractiveness, or alter the
appearance.
4277 Cosmic rays are electrically charged, high-energy particles that travel through outer space.
4278 Cosmology, in astronomy and astrophysics, is the study of the structure, dynamics, and development of
the universe.
4279 Cosmos are tall, late-summer flowers native to Mexico and the American tropics.
4280 Cosmos, in physics and astronomy, is a term used to refer to everything that exists, from the smallest
atoms to the most distant celestial bodies.
4281 Cossacks were originally peasant soldiers who lived chiefly in the areas of the Dnepr and Don rivers, in
what are now eastern Ukraine and western Russia.
4282
Cost-benefit analysis, also called benefit-cost analysis, is a type of economic study that measures the
costs and benefits to society of existing projects or plans that have been proposed.
4283 Cost of living is the amount of money needed to buy a standard amount of consumer goods and
services.
4284 Costa Rica is a small, mountainous country in Central America.
4285 Costain, Thomas Bertram (1885-1965), a Canadian-American novelist and historian, began writing
books at the age of 54.
4286 Costello, John Aloysius (1891-1976), served as prime minister of Ireland from 1948 to 1951 and from
1954 to 1957.
4287 Costello, Peter Howard (1957-...), became federal treasurer of Australia in 1996, and deputy leader of
the Liberal Party in 1994.
4288 Cotabato (pop. 3,030,256), is a region in the south-central part of the island of Mindanao, in the
Philippines.
4289 Cote d'Azur is the eastern end of the Mediterranean coast of France.
4290 Cote d'Ivoire, Republique de, is the official name of the Republic of the Ivory Coast, a country that lies
along the Gulf of Guinea on the west coast of Africa.
4291 Cotillion is one of a family of ballroom dances for four couples in a square formation.
4292 Cotman, John Sell (1782-1842), a British landscape painter, was noted especially for his early
watercolours.
4293 Cotopaxi, in the Andes Mountains of Ecuador, is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world.
4294 Cotswold (pop. 73,000), is a local government area in Gloucestershire, England.
4295 Cotswold Hills, in southwestern England, is a range of limestone hills famed for its beautiful scenery and
attractive houses built in local Cotswold stone.
4296
Cottage industry was a home-based system of manufacturing widely used during the 1700's and 1800's.
4297 Cotton is the most widely used of all plant fibres.
4298 Cotton, Sir Henry (1907-1987), was one of the United Kingdom's leading professional golfers for more
than 20 years.
4299 Cotton, John (1584-1652), was a Puritan minister and author.
4300 Cotton gin is a machine for removing the seeds from cotton fibres.
4301 Cottonseed oil is an edible oil made from the seeds of cotton plants.
4302 Cottonwood is a group of large, spreading, poplar trees that grow in the United States.
4303 Cotyledon is the leafy portion of a plant's embryo.
4304 Cough is a strong, sudden expelling of air from the lungs.
4305 Coulomb is a unit in the metric system measuring electric charge.
4306 Coulomb, Charles Augustin de (1736-1806), a French scientist, inventor, and army engineer, made
fundamental contributions in the fields of friction, electricity, and magnetism.
4307 Coulton, G. G. (1858-1947), a British author and historian, wrote many important works on medieval
history.
4308 Council, in local government, is the elected local authority of an administrative area.
4309 Counselling is the process of helping people to explore and understand personal problems and develop
their potentialities.
4310 Count is a title of honour going back to the days of the Roman Empire.
4311 Counter Reformation is the name generally given to the renewal movement in the Roman Catholic
Church during the 1500's and 1600's.
4312 Counterfeiting is the unauthorized duplication of any object, especially money, with the intent to defraud
(cheat someone).
4313
Counterpoint is a musical term for two or more independent melodies performed at the same time.
4314
Country is a term that means any independent nation with a definite name and a geographic boundary.
4315 Country crafts, in Ireland or the United Kingdom (UK), include old, traditional activities, such as weaving,
spinning, and thatching, and small country industries that have developed from them.
4316 Country music is a type of American popular music associated with rural culture and the Southern region
of the United States.
4317
County is a territorial division of a country, state, or province established as a unit of local government.
4318 Coup d'etat is a sudden take-over of a country's government by a group of conspirators.
4319 Couperin, Francois (1668-1733), called "Le Grand" (The Great), was a French composer during the
baroque period.
4320 Couplet is a rhyme of two lines.
4321 Courbet, Gustave (1819-1877), a French painter, helped found the realist movement in art.
4322 Courgette is a type of small marrow, or squash, that resembles a cucumber.
4323 Courser is the name for a group of desert birds found in Africa, India, and Australia.
4324 Coursing is a field sport, popular in many countries, in which two greyhounds compete in pursuing a
hare.
4325 Court is a government institution that settles legal disputes and administers justice.
4326 Court, Sir Charles (1911-...), leader of the West Australian Liberal Party, was premier of Western
Australia from 1974 to 1982.
4327 Court, Margaret Smith (1942-...), an Australian tennis star, was rated among the world's top 10 female
tennis players from 1961 to 1975, ranking number one seven times.
4328 Court-martial decides legal cases relating to members of the armed services and civilians employed on
military bases.
4329 Court of Saint James's is the title of the British royal court.
4330 Courtois, Bernard (1777-1838), was a French chemist who discovered the element iodine in 1811.
4331 Cousin is a person outside your immediate family related to you by blood and descended from the same
ancestor.
4332 Cousins, Frank (1904-1986), a British trade union leader, became minister of technology in the Labour
Government of 1964.
4333 Cousins, Samuel (1801-1887), an English engraver, engraved the paintings of famous artists such as Sir
Joshua Reynolds, Sir Edwin Landseer, and Sir John Millais.
4334 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves (1910-1997), was a French oceanographer, author, and film producer.
4335 Couzens, James Joseph (1872-1936), an American Republican politician, served as mayor of Detroit,
Michigan, U.S.A. from 1919 to 1922, and as a United States senator from 1922 to 1936.
4336 Covarrubias, Miguel, (1904-1957), a Mexican painter, became internationally known for his caricatures
of famous people.
4337 Covenanters were Scottish Protestants who opposed Anglicanism and Roman Catholicism, and
supported a Presbyterian system of church government.
4338 Covent Garden, in London, is the home of the Royal Opera House, one of the world's great opera
houses.
4339 Coventry (pop. 292,600), is a city and local government district in West Midlands, England.
4340 Coverdale, Miles (1488-1568), a bishop of Exeter, England, became famous for his English translation of
the Bible in 1535.
4341 Cow is a female adult animal of the bovine group.
4342 Cow parsnip is a large, coarse North American plant, closely related to the hogweeds of Europe and
Asia.
4343 Coward, Sir Noel (1899-1973), a British playwright, actor, and composer, became famous for his witty,
sophisticated comedies.
4344 Cowbird is the name of a group of birds found in North America and South America.
4345 Cowboy is a person who helps take care of a large herd of cattle for a ranch owner.
4346 Cowen, Sir Zelman (1919-...), a distinguished Australian lawyer, was governor-general of Australia from
1977 to 1982.
4347 Cowes is a well-known yachting centre on the north coast of the Isle of Wight, England.
4348 Cowley, Abraham (1618-1667), was an English poet and essayist whose first volume of verse was
published when he was 15.
4349 Cowpastures was the name given, in the early days of the settlement of New South Wales, to an area of
land around Camden, south of Sydney, Australia.
4350 Cowpea, also known as black-eyed pea or black-eyed bean, is a popular plant that grows in warm
climates.
4351 Cowper, William (1731-1800), was an English poet.
4352
Cowra (pop. 11,915), is a town in the Lachlan Valley in the central west of New South Wales, Australia.
4353 Cowrie, also spelled cowry, is a sea snail with a shiny, colourful shell.
4354 Cowslip is an attractive plant that blooms in the spring.
4355 Cox, John Edward (1791-1837), established the first coaching service in Australia to run between Hobart
and Launceston, in 1832.
4356 Cox, William (1764-1837), was a pioneer settler in Australia.
4357 Coyote is a wild member of the dog family.
4358 Coysevox, Antoine (1640-1720), was the leading French sculptor during the latter part of the reign of
Louis XIV. Coysevox produced much of the sculpture that decorated the gardens and palace of
Versailles.
4359 Cozzens, James Gould (1903-1978), an American author, became best known for his novels of upperclass
manners.
4360 Crab is an animal that is covered by a hard shell, and that has jointed legs.
4361
Crab apple is any of a wide variety of small trees that bear apples less than 5 centimetres in diameter.
4362 Crab plover is a wading bird found on the shores of the Indian Ocean, from East Africa to Burma, and on
the Andaman Islands and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
4363
Crabbe, George (1754-1832), a British poet, brought a direct and often unromantic approach to his work.
4364 Cradle Mountain in Tasmania, Australia, rises to 1,545 metres and is located 64 kilometres southwest of
Devonport in the Lake St. Clair National Park.
4365 Craig, Edward Gordon (1872-1966), a British stage designer, producer, and author, strongly influenced
theatre production and the art of stage settings after 1910.
4366 Craigavon (pop. 74,350), is a local government district located to the south of Lough Neagh, in Northern
Ireland.
4367 Craigavon, Lord (1871-1940), James Craig, was the first prime minister of Northern Ireland.
4368 Craik, Dinah Maria Mulock (1826-1887), was an English novelist and poet.
4369 Crake is a type of bird which lives on the ground, often in swamps or marshes.
4370 Cramp is a painful, uncontrolled contraction of one or more muscles.
4371
Cranach, Lucas, the Elder (1472-1553), was one of the leading German painters of the Renaissance.
4372 Cranberry is a red, sour, round or oval berry that grows on an evergreen vine.
4373 Crane is the name of a family of large birds with long legs and a long neck.
4374 Crane is a hoisting machine used to lift and move heavy loads in shipyards and factories, and at
construction sites.
4375
Crane, Hart (1899-1932), was an American poet best known for his complex work The Bridge (1930).
4376 Crane, Stephen (1871-1900), was an American novelist, short-story writer, and poet.
4377 Crane, Walter (1845-1915), was a British artist who became famous for his illustrations for children's
books.
4378 Cranmer, Thomas (1489-1556), was the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury, the leader of the
Church of England.
4379 Crapp, Lorraine (1938-...), an Australian swimmer, broke the 5-minute mark for 440 yards freestyle in
1956.
4380 Crashaw, Richard (1613-1649), an English poet, wrote poetry that is noted for its sensuous mysticism
and for its extravagant imagery.
4381 Crassus, Marcus Licinius (112?-53 B.C.), was a Roman statesman, financier, and military leader.
4382 Crater is a funnel- or bowl-shaped depression on the surfaces of planets and other bodies in the solar
system.
4383 Craven (pop. 49,700), is a local government district in North Yorkshire, England.
4384 Craven, Danie (1910-1993), became South Africa's leading Rugby Union football administrator.
4385 Crawford, Jack (1908-...), an Australian tennis player, was the winner of the men's singles title at
Wimbledon in 1933.
4386 Crawford, Sir John (1910-1984), was a distinguished Australian economist, public servant, and
academic.
4387 Crawford, Thomas (1813?-1857), was an American sculptor.
4388 Crawley (pop. 87,100), is a new town in West Sussex, England.
4389 Crayfish, also called crawfish, is a freshwater crustacean that is closely related to the lobster.
4390 Crayon is a piece of coloured wax shaped like a pencil.
4391 Crazy Horse (1844?-1877), was a chief of the Oglala Sioux American Indians.
4392 Creaghe, Caroline (1860-1944), participated in an exploration of territory at the base of the Gulf of
Carpentaria, Australia in 1883.
4393 Cream of tartar, also called potassium bitartrate, or potassium hydrogen tartrate, is a white, crystalline
substance with a slightly acid taste.
4394 Creasey, John (1908-1973), a British author, became one of the best-known writers of detective stories
of the 1900's.
4395 Crecy, Battle of, was the first important battle of the Hundred Years' War.
4396 Credit enables people to obtain goods or services even if they do not have enough money to pay for
them right away.
4397 Credit card is a plastic card which allows the holder to buy goods, services, and (sometimes) foreign
currency on credit.
4398
Credit union is a cooperative banking association operated exclusively for the benefit of its members.
4399 Creel, George (1876-1953), a newspaperman and author, served as chairman of the Committee on
Public Information, the United States information agency, in World War I (1914-1918).
4400 Creeper, also called treecreeper, is the name of many species of small, woodland birds that live in most
parts of the world.
4401 Creeping thistle is one of the most troublesome of weeds.
4402 Cremation is burning a dead body to ashes.
4403 Cremer, Sir William Randal (1838-1908), a British politician, advocated a system of international
arbitration that would enable countries to settle their differences peacefully.
4404 Creole, in North or South America, is a person whose ancestors were early French or Spanish settlers of
the New World.
4405 Creosote is a heavy, oily liquid made by distilling wood or coal tar.
4406 Crerar, Henry Duncan Graham (1888-1965), was a Canadian soldier.
4407 Crescent is a symbol that resembles the moon in its first quarter.
4408 Cresol is the common name for a group of chemicals that scientists called hydroxytoluenes.
4409 Cress is any one of three green plants in the mustard family.
4410 Crested swift, or tree swift, is the only bird of the swift family that has feet adapted for perching.
4411 Cretaceous Period is a period in the geologic time scale of the earth's history.
4412 Crete (pop. 502,165), is a Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea.
4413 Cretinism is a condition in which babies are born with underdeveloped brains and poorly formed
skeletons.
4414 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare disease that destroys the brain.
4415 Crevecoeur, Michel-Guillaume Jean de (1735-1813), was a French-born essayist who portrayed rural life
in colonial America.
4416 Crewe and Nantwich (pop. 101,800), is a local government district in south Cheshire, England.
4417 Crewel, also called crewelwork, is a form of embroidery done with woollen yarn.
4418 Cribbage, also called crib, is a card game for two, three, or four people.
4419 Crichton, James (1560-1582?), became known as the admirable Crichton because of his all-round
learning.
4420 Crick, Francis H. C. (1916-...), is a British biologist.
4421 Cricket is a game played with a bat and a ball by two teams of 11 players each.
4422 Cricket is a type of jumping insect related to the grasshopper.
4423 Crime is a term that refers to misconduct forbidden by law.
4424 Crimea, a region of Ukraine, is a peninsula that juts from the southern part of Ukraine into the Black Sea
and the Sea of Azov.
4425 Crimean War (1853-1856), was fought between Russian forces and the allied armies of France, the
Ottoman Empire (now Turkey), Sardinia-Piedmont, and the United Kingdom (UK).
4426
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals, criminal behaviour, and the criminal justice system.
4427 Cripps, Sir Stafford (1889-1952), a noted English statesman and diplomat, held several important
governmental posts.
4428 Criticism is the analysis and judgment of works of art.
4429 Cro-Magnons were a type of prehistoric human being who lived in Europe, Asia, and North Africa from
about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago.
4430 Croagh Patrick is an isolated mountain about 760 metres above sea level that rises in County Mayo, in
the Republic of Ireland.
4431 Croatia is a country in southeastern Europe that declared its independence in June 1991.
4432
Croce, Benedetto (1866-1952), was probably the most distinguished Italian philosopher of the 1900's.
4433 Crocheting is a way of making lace by methods similar to knitting.
4434 Crockett, David (1786-1836), was one of the most famous frontiersmen in United States history.
4435 Crocodile is one of the largest living reptiles.
4436 Crocus is a flowering herblike plant that grows in southern Europe and Asia, and is cultivated in many
regions of the world.
4437
Croesus (reigned 560-546 B.C.), was the last king of Lydia, a country in what is now western Turkey.
4438 Croft, William (1678-1728), was an English organist and composer.
4439 Crofter is the tenant or owner-occupier of a croft in northern Scotland.
4440 Crofters' war was a series of agrarian disturbances in Scotland in the years 1882 to 1886.
4441 Croly, Herbert (1869-1930), was an American political philosopher.
4442 Crome, John (1768-1821), was one of the great English landscape painters.
4443
Crompton, Richmal (1890-1969), a British author, created the comic character of William, a boy whose
vivid imagination and thirst for adventure are always getting him into trouble with the adult world.
4444 Crompton, Samuel (1753-1827), a British inventor, developed an improved spinning machine that
brought about a new era for the British textile industry.
4445 Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658), led the armed forces of Parliament to victory in the English Civil War
during the 1640's, and ruled England from 1653 to 1658.
4446
Cromwell, Richard (1626-1712), ruled England as lord protector from September 1658 to May 1659.
4447 Cromwell, Thomas (1485?-1540), Earl of Essex, was chief minister to Henry VIII of England.
4448 Cronin, A. J. (1896-1981), was a popular British novelist.
4449 Cronkite, Walter (1916-...), an American television news reporter, was anchorman of the evening news
for CBS, a major U.S. broadcasting company, from 1962 to 1981.
4450 Cronus was the youngest child of Gaea, the earth; and Uranus, the sky, in Greek mythology.
4451 Crookes, Sir William (1832-1919), was a British chemist and physicist.
4452 Crookes tube is a type of vacuum tube.
4453 Crop is a large number of plants of any given kind that are grown for human use.
4454
Cropping system is a method of growing crops and producing high yields without weakening the soil.
4455 Croquet is a popular outdoor lawn game in which the players use mallets to hit balls through narrow
arches called hoops.
4456 Crosby, Bing (1903-1977), was a popular American singer and film star.
4457 Crosland, Anthony (1918-1977), a British Labour Party politician, was secretary of state for foreign and
commonwealth affairs from 1976 to 1977.
4458 Cross is the most common symbol of Christianity.
4459 Cross-country is a type of long-distance racing.
4460 Cross-reference is a method used in books, indexes, library catalogues, and filing systems to direct
attention to additional information about a subject in another part of the book or index.
4461 Crossbill is a bird of the finch family.
4462 Crossbow was a popular weapon in the Middle Ages.
4463 Crossman, Richard (1907-1974), a British politician, was secretary of state for social services in the
Labour Party government from 1968 to 1970.
4464 Crossword puzzle is a popular word game.
4465 Crotalaria is any one of a large group of plants of the pea family that grow in tropical countries.
4466 Croton is a group of evergreen, tropical shrubs belonging to the spurge family.
4467 Croup is an inflammation of the air passages of the throat and windpipe.
4468 Crouse, Russel (1893-1966), was an American playwright.
4469 Crow is the name of a group of large black birds.
4470 Crowe, Martin (1962-...), was made captain of the New Zealand cricket team in 1989.
4471 Crown is a British coin worth 25 new pence, or one-quarter of a pound sterling.
4472
Crown is a circular ornament worn on or around the head as a symbol of authority, merit, or distinction.
4473 Crown, The, is a term used to describe the power and property of the monarch as head of state.
4474 Crown jewels are precious ornaments owned by the kings and queens of England.
4475 Crown of thorns is a multiarmed starfish that eats the flesh of coral.
4476 Croydon (pop. 299,600), is a London borough on the borders of Surrey.
4477
Cruikshank, George (1792-1878), a British artist, became famous for his caricatures and illustrations.
4478
Cruiser is a large warship used to escort aircraft carriers and for independent operations with destroyers.
4479 Crumb, George (1929-...), is an American composer known for his innovative and highly individual
works.
4480 Crump, Barry (1935-1996), a New Zealand writer and television personality, became well known when
his book A Good Keen Man became a best-seller in 1960.
4481 Crusades were Christian military expeditions organized mainly to recapture Palestine during the Middle
Ages.
4482 Crustacean is an invertebrate animal with many jointed legs.
4483 Cruyff, Johann (1947-...), is a Dutch soccer player and manager.
4484 Cryobiology is the study of how extremely low temperatures affect living things.
4485 Cryogenics is the study of extremely low temperatures.
4486 Cryotron is a tiny electronic device that can be used as a switch or an amplifier.
4487 Crypt is an underground room or vault.
4488 Crystal is a solid that is composed of atoms arranged in an orderly pattern.
4489 Crystal Palace was an iron and glass building designed by Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition held
in London in 1851.
4490 CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, is Australia's largest
scientific research body.
4491 CSR is one of the largest Australian public companies.
4492 Ctenophore is a small transparent sea animal that lives in all the oceans of the world.
4493 Cuauhtemoc (1495?-1525), was the last Aztec ruler of Mexico.
4494 Cuba is an island country in the West Indies, about 140 kilometres south of the United States.
4495 Cubberley, Ellwood Patterson (1868-1941), an American educator, helped develop the profession of
school administration in the United States.
4496 Cube, in geometry, is a solid bounded by six equal squares, such as a child's alphabetical block.
4497 Cube root is one of three equal factors of a number (see FACTOR).
4498 Cubism was the most influential movement in the history of modern art.
4499 Cubit is a measure of length used by several early civilizations.
4500 Cuchulainn, also spelled Cuchulain, is a great hero of Irish mythology and folklore.
4501 Cuckoo is any one of a group of related birds found throughout most of the world.
4502 Cuckoo-shrike is the name of a family of about 70 species of songbirds.
4503 Cucumber is a common garden vegetable native to southern Asia, but cultivated as an annual in many
parts of the world.
4504 Cud is a small mass of food that animals called ruminants bring up from their stomachs for a second
chewing.
4505 Cuenca (pop. 152,406), is a city in the Andes Mountains of southern Ecuador.
4506 Cuillin Hills are a range of mountains on the Isle of Skye, in Highland Region, Scotland.
4507 Cuisenaire Method is a teaching system designed to help students discover basic mathematical
principles by themselves.
4508 Cukor, George (1899-1983), was an American film director.
4509 Cullen, Paul Cardinal (1803-1878), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, was active in reforming the
Irish educational system to provide better education for Roman Catholics.
4510 Culloden is a moor in Highland Region, Scotland.
4511 Cult is a religious group devoted to a living leader, a new teaching, or an unusual practice.
4512 Cultural lag is the failure of certain parts of a culture to keep up with other, related parts.
4513 Culture is a term used by social scientists for a way of life.
4514 Culture, in biology, is a growth of microorganisms or cells produced under controlled conditions in a
laboratory.
4515 Cumberland Mountains are part of the Appalachian Mountain system in North America.
4516
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth (pop. 61,042) is a local government district in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
4517 Cumbria is a beautiful, mountainous county in the northwestern corner of England.
4518 Cumin is a small herb grown for its fruit.
4519 Cummings, E. E. (1894-1962), was one of the most innovative poets in American literature.
4520 Cumnock and Doon Valley (pop. 41,998), was a local government district in Strathclyde Region,
Scotland.
4521 Cunard, Sir Samuel (1787-1865), a British merchant, founded the Cunard line of steamships.
4522 Cuneiform was a system of writing used by the people of ancient Middle Eastern civilizations.
4523 Cunha, Euclides da (1866-1909), a Brazilian newspaper reporter, wrote perhaps the greatest work in
Brazilian literature.
4524 Cunjevoi is a kind of sea squirt found along the rocky coasts of the Australian states of New South
Wales and Western Australia.
4525 Cunningham, Allan (1791-1839), was an explorer and botanist who became famous for his pioneering
expeditions in eastern Australia.
4526 Cunningham, Andrew Brown (1883-1963), Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, was first sea lord and
chief of the British Naval Staff from 1943 to 1946.
4527 Cunningham, Merce (1919-...), is an American dancer and choreographer (dance creator).
4528 Cup moth is a small- to medium-sized, rather stout, furry moth of dark colour.
4529 Cupid was the Roman god of love.
4530 Cupola is a small dome that crowns a roof or tower.
4531
Cuquenan Falls, on the Cuquenan River in Venezuela, is one of the three highest waterfalls in the world.
4532 Curacao is the largest island of the Netherlands Antilles--two groups of islands in the West Indies that
belong to the Netherlands.
4533 Curare is a poisonous extract from South American plants, mainly those of the Chondodendron and
Strychnos species.
4534 Curassow is a large, handsome bird of tropical America.
4535 Curfew is the time of day which once brought with it evening and the end of work.
4536 Curia regis was a group that helped English kings govern during the Middle Ages.
4537 Curie is a unit used to measure radioactivity.
4538 Curie, Marie Sklodowska (1867-1934), was a French physicist who became famous for her research on
radioactivity.
4539 Curie, Pierre (1859-1906), was a French physicist known for his work in radioactivity.
4540 Curium is an artificially created radioactive element.
4541 Curlew is a long-legged wading bird related to sandpipers and snipes.
4542 Curling is a game played on a level sheet of ice.
4543 Curly-coated retriever is a dog trained to bring back game that has been shot.
4544 Currant is a small berry that grows on a low, bushy shrub.
4545 Currawong is a large bird belonging to the Australian crow-shrike family.
4546 Currie, Sir Arthur William (1875-1933), a Canadian soldier, won fame as a courageous officer and
successful field commander during World War I (1914-1918).
4547 Currier and Ives was a firm of American lithographers.
4548 Curry is a stewlike dish of eggs, fish, meat, or vegetables seasoned with a blend of spices.
4549 Curry, John Steuart (1897-1946), an American painter, became famous for his dramatic scenes of
Midwestern rural life.
4550 Cursetjee, Ardaseer (1808-1877), was an Indian engineer who played an important part in introducing
the steam engine to India.
4551 Curtin, John (1885-1945), served as prime minister of Australia from 1941 to 1945.
4552 Curtis, Dame Myra (1886-1971), a British academic, was principal of Newnham College, Cambridge
University, England, from 1942 to 1954.
4553 Curtiss, Glenn Hammond (1878-1930), an American inventor, was a manufacturer of aeroplanes, and
made thousands of planes during World War I (1914-1918).
4554 Curzon, Lord (1859-1925), Marquis of Kedleston, a British statesman, was a Conservative Party
politician.
4555 Curzon, Sir Clifford (1907-1982), was a British pianist.
4556 Curzon Line was the eastern boundary of Poland proposed by the Allies in 1919, after World War I (1914-
1918).
4557 Cusco (pop. 255,300), also spelled Cuzco, is a city in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru.
4558 Cuscus is a tree-dwelling mammal that lives on the northern tip of Australia and in New Guinea and the
nearby islands of Sulawesi and the Solomon Islands.
4559 Cushing, Harvey (1869-1939), an American doctor and surgeon, was one of the world's greatest brain
surgeons.
4560 Cushing, Richard Cardinal (1895-1970), was an American religious leader, made a cardinal of the
Roman Catholic Church in 1958, by Pope John XXIII. He had gained wide recognition as a gifted writer
and preacher.
4561 Cushman, Charlotte (1816-1875), an American actress, won fame for her roles as Lady Macbeth in
Macbeth, Meg Merrilies in Guy Mannering, and Nancy Sykes in Oliver Twist.
4562 Custard apple is the fruit of a small tropical American tree.
4563 Custer, George Armstrong (1839-1876), was a United States Army officer who won fame as an
American Civil War general and an Indian fighter.
4564 Custom is a practice or a way of doing things that has been handed down from one generation to the
next.
4565
Customs are duties paid to a nation's government on items that people bring in from another country.
4566 Customs union is an association of two or more countries which agree to eliminate duties, quotas, and
any other barriers to trade among themselves.
4567 Cuthbert, Betty (1938-...), an Australian sprinter, won four gold medals at Olympic Games.
4568 Cutler, Sir Roden (1916-...), was governor of New South Wales, Australia, from 1966 to 1981.
4569 Cuttlefish is a mollusc (soft boneless animal) in the same class as the squid.
4570 Cutty Sark is a clipper ship preserved at Greenwich, in London.
4571 Cutworm is the caterpillar of certain dull-coloured, night-flying moths.
4572 Cuvier, Baron (1769-1832), was a French naturalist.
4573 Cyanide is the name given to metal salts containing the CN group (a carbon atom linked to a nitrogen
atom).
4574 Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
4575 Cybernetics is the study of control and communication in machines and animals.
4576 Cycad is a plant that grows in regions of the world with tropical and subtropical climates.
4577 Cyclamen is the name of a group of attractive plants that grow wild in the Mediterranean region of
Europe.
4578 Cycling, or bicycle racing, is one of the most popular sports in the world.
4579 Cyclone is a low-pressure area in the atmosphere in which winds spiral inward.
4580 Cyclops, in Greek mythology, was any member of a race of giants with one eye in the middle of the
forehead.
4581 Cyclops is a freshwater crustacean.
4582 Cyclosporin is a drug that fights the rejection of transplanted body tissues and organs.
4583 Cyclotron is a machine that accelerates electrically charged atomic particles to high energies.
4584 Cygnus is a constellation in the Northern Hemisphere.
4585 Cylinder, in geometry, is a solid figure with two identical bases that lie on parallel planes.
4586 Cymbal is a brass percussion instrument shaped like a broad-brimmed hat.
4587 Cymbeline (?-A.D. 43?), also called Cunobelinus, was a king of the Catuvellauni, who were the most
powerful tribe of southern Britain during the period before the Roman invasion in A.D. 43.
4588 Cynic philosophy was established in the 300's B.C. by Antisthenes, a disciple of the Greek philosopher
Socrates.
4589 Cynon Valley (pop. 63,600), is a local government area in Mid Glamorgan, Wales.
4590 Cypress is any one of a group of evergreen trees and shrubs that grow in Asia, Europe, and North
America.
4591 Cyprus is an island country in the northeast corner of the Mediterranean Sea.
4592 Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien de (1619-1655), was a French author and soldier.
4593
Cyril of Alexandria, Saint (378?-444), was the most outstanding Christian theologian of the early 400's.
4594 Cyrus the Great (?-530 B.C.), founded the Persian Empire about 550 B.C. He extended this empire to
include most of southwestern Asia.
4595 Cyrus the Younger (424?-401 B.C.) a Persian prince, was a son of King Darius II, ruler of the
Achaemenid Empire.
4596 Cyst is an abnormal sac in the body that contains fluid and has no outside opening.
4597
Cystic fibrosis, also called CF or mucoviscidosis, is a hereditary disease in which the mucous glands
produce abnormally thick, sticky secretions, and the sweat glands secrete unusually salty sweat.
4598 Cytology is the study of the internal structure and organization of cells.
4599 Czar, also spelled tsar, was the title used by the emperors of Russia.
4600 Czech Republic is a country in central Europe that became independent on Jan. 1, 1993.
4601 Czechoslovakia was a country in central Europe from 1918 until 1992.
4602 Czechs are a Slavic people who make up most of the population of the Czech Republic.
4603 Czerny, Karl (1791-1857), was an Austrian composer, teacher, and pianist.
4604 D is the fourth letter of the English alphabet.
4605 D-day is the term for a secret date on which a military operation is to begin.
4606 Da Nang (pop. 492,194) is one of the largest cities in Vietnam.
4607 Dachau was one of the first concentration camps set up in Germany by the Nazis.
4608 Dachsbrake is a mountain hunting dog.
4609 Dachshund is a dog known for its long, low-slung body and short legs.
4610 Dacorum (pop. 129,200) is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England, on the lower slopes of
the Chiltern Hills.
4611 Dadaism, a protest movement in the arts, was formed in 1916 by a group of artists and poets in Zurich,
Switzerland.
4612 Daddy longlegs is the popular name for a long-legged insect also known as a crane fly.
4613 Dadra and Nagar Haveli (pop. 138,542) is one of the union territories of India.
4614 Dadswell, Lyndon (1908-1986), an Australian sculptor, became assistant to the sculptor Paul Montford
when Montford was working on carvings for the war memorial in Melbourne, Australia.
4615 Daedalus, in Greek mythology, was a skilled Athenian craftsman and inventor.
4616 Daendels, Herman Willem (1762-1818), was governor general of the Netherlands Indies (now
Indonesia) from 1808 to 1811.
4617 Daffodil is a yellow flower that blooms in the early spring.
4618 Da Gama, Vasco (1469?-1524), was a Portuguese sea captain and explorer.
4619 Dagger is a small, handheld weapon with a short, pointed blade.
4620 Daghestan also spelled Dagestan, is a state, or autonomous republic, in Russia.
4621 Dagohoy, Francisco (1704?-1774?), a Filipino patriot, led a revolt against Spanish colonial rulers of the
Philippines in 1744.
4622 Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mande (1787-1851), a French stage designer and painter, introduced the first
popular form of photography.
4623 Daguerreotype was the first popular method of photography.
4624
Dahl, Roald (1916-1990), was a famous British writer best known as an author of children's books.
4625 Dahlia is the name of a popular group of flowers cultivated from the original dahlia of Mexico.
4626 Dahlgren, John Adolphus Bernard (1809-1870), was an American naval officer.
4627 Daimler, Gottlieb (1834-1900), a German engineer, developed an internal-combustion engine light
enough to power a car.
4628 Dairying is the branch of agriculture concerned with the production of milk, butter, evaporated milk, ice
cream, cheese, and dried milk products.
4629 Daisy is a name given to many flowers.
4630 Dakar (pop. 978,523) is the capital and largest city of Senegal and the westernmost city on the mainland
of Africa.
4631 Daladier, Edouard (1884-1970), served as French premier in 1933, 1934, and from 1938 to 1940.
4632 Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.
4633 Dalby (pop. 9,384), is a town located on the fertile black soil plains of the Darling Downs, about 220
kilometres from Brisbane in Queensland, Australia.
4634 Dale, Robert (1810- ? ), a British soldier, explored large areas of Western Australia.
4635 Dales are beautiful valleys, situated chiefly in North Yorkshire, England.
4636 Daley, Victor (1858-1905), was an Irish-born Australian poet.
4637 Dali, Salvador (1904-1989), was a surrealist painter.
4638 Dallapiccola, Luigi (1904-1975), was an Italian composer.
4639 Dallas is one of the largest cities in the United States.
4640 Dalles are deep gorges in which North American rivers flow rapidly over basaltic rocks or slabs.
4641 Dallin, Cyrus Edwin (1861-1944), an American sculptor, used American Indian life as the theme for
many of his greatest works.
4642 Dalmatia, a region of Croatia, is a long, narrow strip of land extending over 320 kilometres along the
eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea.
4643 Dalmatian is a medium-sized dog.
4644 D'Almeida, Jose (1784-1850), was a doctor and pioneer businessman in Singapore.
4645
Dalton, John (1766-1844), an English chemist, formulated the law of partial pressures in gases in 1802.
4646 Daly is a river on the northwestern coast of the Northern Territory, Australia.
4647 Dam is a barrier placed across a river to stop the flow of water.
4648 Damages, in law, means money that a court orders one person to pay to another person for violating
that person's rights or for breaking a contract.
4649 Daman and Diu (pop. 101,439) are two districts that form one of the Union Territories of India.
4650 Damascus (pop. 1,200,000) is the capital and largest city of Syria.
4651 Damask is a firm, lustrous fabric that may be woven from any fibre.
4652 D'Amboise, Jacques (1934-...), an American dancer, won fame as a featured performer with the New
York City Ballet.
4653 Damien de Veuster, Joseph (1840-1889), was a Roman Catholic priest who gave his life to the care of
lepers in a colony at Molokai, Hawaii.
4654 Damocles was a member of the court of Dionysius II, who ruled Syracuse, Sicily, from 367 to 344 B.C.
Damocles was an excessive flatterer.
4655 Damon and Pythias were two noble youths in Greek legend.
4656 Damp is a dangerous gas found in mines.
4657 Dampier (pop. 2,201) is a deepwater port and township at King Bay on the northwest coast of Western
Australia.
4658 Dampier, William (1651-1715), was the first Englishman to make a written description of the Australian
mainland, its plants and animals, and its Aboriginal inhabitants.
4659
Damping-off is a plant disease caused by certain fungi that live near the surface of the soil (see FUNGI).
4660 Damrosch was the family name of a father and son who spent their lives educating Americans to serious
music.
4661 Dana, Charles Anderson (1819-1897), editor and part owner of the New York Sun, built it into one of the
most important newspapers of its time.
4662 Dana, James Dwight (1813-1895), was an American geologist, mineralogist, and zoologist.
4663 Dana, John Cotton (1856-1929), was an American librarian.
4664 Dana, Richard Henry, Jr. (1815-1882), was an American author known for his sea adventure story Two
Years Before the Mast (1840).
4665 Dancing is an act of moving the body in rhythm, usually in time to music.
4666 Dandelion is a bright-yellow wild flower that grows in lawns and meadows.
4667 Dandenong Ranges are low hills about 30 kilometres east of Melbourne, Australia.
4668 Dandi march was a walk undertaken by the Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi and his followers
in 1930.
4669 Dandie Dinmont terrier is a dog that got its name from a book.
4670 Dandruff is a condition in which flakes of dead skin are shed from the scalp.
4671 Danegeld, meaning Dane money, was a land tax levied in England in the A.D. 900's and 1000's.
4672
Danelaw was the area of England that the Danes occupied during and after their invasion of the 800's.
4673 Daniel, Book of, is a book of the Bible.
4674 Daniel, Glyn (1914-1986), was a professor and historian of archaeology renowned as an expert on the
prehistoric period of Britain and western Europe.
4675 Daniel-Rops, Henri (1901-1965), was the pen name of Henri-Jules Periot, a French author and religious
historian.
4676 Daniels, Jonathan Worth (1902-1981), an American author, first became known for his book A
Southerner Discovers the South (1938).
4677 Daniels, Josephus (1862-1948), was an American politician, diplomat, and newspaper editor.
4678 Danilova, Alexandra (1904?-...), was a great Russian ballerina.
4679 D'Annunzio, Gabriele (1863-1938), was an Italian author and political figure.
4680 Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), an Italian author, was one of the greatest poets of the Middle Ages.
4681 Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-1794), was a great leader of the French Revolution.
4682 Danube River is the second longest river in Europe.
4683 Daphne was a nymph in Greek mythology.
4684
Dar es Salaam (pop. 870,020) is the largest city of Tanzania, and a chief seaport in eastern Africa.
4685 Darby, Abraham (1677-1717), revolutionized the casting of iron.
4686 Darcy, Les (1895-1917), was an Australian boxer.
4687 Dardanelles is a strait that joins the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara.
4688 Dare, Virginia (1587-?), was the first English child born in America.
4689 Dargie, Sir William (1912-...), an Australian artist known especially for his realistic portraits, won the
Archibald Prize for portraits eight times (see ARCHIBALD PRIZE).
4690 Dario, Ruben (1867-1916), was the pen name of Felix Ruben Garcia Sarmiento, one of the most
important poets to write in Spanish.
4691 Darius I (550?-486 B.C.) ruled the Persian Empire from 522 B.C. until his death.
4692 Darius III (380?-330 B.C.) was the last of the Achaemenid kings of Persia.
4693 Darjeeling (pop. 57,603) is the summer capital of the state of West Bengal and the administrative centre
of the Darjeeling district.
4694 Dark Ages is a term once used to describe the early centuries of the Middle Ages, from the A.D. 400's to
the 900's.
4695 Dark matter is the invisible substance that makes up most of the mass of galaxies and clusters of
galaxies.
4696 Darling is Australia's longest river.
4697 Darling, Ding (1876-1962), was an American editorial cartoonist.
4698 Darling, Grace Horsley (1815-1842), became a famous English heroine by helping save nine survivors of
a shipwreck.
4699 Darling, John (1852-1914), a South Australian wheat merchant, was chairman of the Broken Hill
Proprietary Company from 1907 to 1914.
4700 Darling, Sir Ralph (1775-1858), was governor of New South Wales from 1825 to 1831.
4701 Darling Downs, known as the granary of Queensland, is a fertile tableland situated about 160 kilometres
west of Brisbane.
4702 Darling River is the longest river in Australia.
4703 Darling Scarp is a chain of mountains in Western Australia.
4704 Darlington (pop. 96,700), is a unitary authority with all the local government powers within its boundaries,
and the largest town in the county of Durham, England.
4705 Darnley, Lord (1545-1567), Henry Stuart, a Scottish nobleman, was close in the line of succession to the
throne of England.
4706
Darrow, Clarence Seward (1857-1938), was the most famous American lawyer of the early 1900's.
4707 Dart, Raymond (1893-1988), was an Australian-born South African anthropologist (person who studies
human beings scientifically).
4708 Darter is any of about 140 species of small freshwater fish belonging to the perch family.
4709 Dartford (pop. 78,400) is a local government district in Kent, England, between the River Thames and
the North Downs.
4710 Dartmoor is a rocky plateau in Devon in southwestern England.
4711 Dartmouth Dam is Australia's largest dam.
4712 Darts is a game in which the players throw darts at a target called a dartboard.
4713 Darwin (pop. 78,139) is the administrative centre and capital of Australia's Northern Territory.
4714 Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882), was a British naturalist who became famous for his theories on
evolution.
4715 Data protection is the safeguarding of electronic information stored in computers.
4716
Data storage, in computer science, is the use of magnetic and optical devices to store information.
4717 Database is a body of information made up of individual items that are organized so that they can be
reviewed in a variety of ways.
4718 Database management system (DBMS) is software that organizes, provides access to, and otherwise
manages a body of information stored in a computer.
4719 Date palm is the tree that produces dates.
4720 Datura is a group of poisonous shrubs and trees, including jimson weed and angel's trumpet.
4721 Daudet, Alphonse (1840-1897), is sometimes called the French Dickens.
4722 Daugherty, James Henry (1889-1974), was an American artist and author of children's books.
4723 D'Aulaire is the family name of a husband and wife who wrote and illustrated children's books.
4724 Daumier, Honore (1808-1879), was a French artist and one of the most influential social critics of the
1800's.
4725 Dauphin was the official title of the oldest son of the king of France from 1349 to 1830.
4726 Davao (pop. 1,055,016) is a city in southern Mindanao in the Philippines.
4727 Davenant, Sir William (1606-1668), was an English playwright.
4728 Daventry (pop. 61,600) is a historic town in Northamptonshire, England.
4729 Davey, Jack (1910-1959), became one of Australia's most outstanding radio personalities.
4730 Davey, Thomas (1760?-1823), was lieutenant governor of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) from
1813 to 1817.
4731 David (1030?-965? B.C.) was the second king of Israel and one of the greatest figures in the history of
the Jews.
4732 David was the name of two kings of Scotland.
4733 David, Jacques Louis (1748-1825), was the leading French painter during the French Revolution and the
Napoleonic era.
4734 David, Saint (520?-589?), is the patron saint of Wales.
4735 David, Sir T. W. E. (1858-1934), an author, explorer, and geologist, became famous for his scientific
expeditions in Australasia.
4736 Davidson, Alan (1929-...), one of Australia's finest all- round cricketers, played in 44 test matches
between 1953 and 1963.
4737 Davidson, Jo (1883-1952), an American portrait sculptor, created heads of many famous people.
4738 Davidson, Philmore "Boots" (1927-1993), was a musician who introduced steel drums to the United
Kingdom (UK).
4739 Davies, Clement (1884-1962), a Welsh politician, was leader of the United Kingdom Liberal Party from
1945 until 1956.
4740
Davies, Sir Henry Walford (1869-1941), a British composer, is best remembered for his church music.
4741 Davies, Sir Peter Maxwell (1934-...), is a British composer and conductor.
4742 Davies, Robertson (1913-1995), was a Canadian novelist, playwright, and journalist.
4743 Davies, Siobhan (1950-...), is a British dancer and choreographer.
4744 Davies, William Henry (1871-1940), a British poet and author, led a roving life as a tramp, pedlar, and
street singer.
4745
Davis is the family name of two English brothers who became famous snooker and billiards players.
4746 Davis, Bette (1908-1989), was an American film actress known for her portrayals of strong-willed
women.
4747 Davis, Sir Colin (1927-...), a British conductor, is remarkable for the originality and freshness of his
interpretations.
4748
Davis, Dwight Filley (1879-1945), was an American statesman who established the Davis Cup in 1900.
4749 Davis, Edward Wilson (1888-1973), an American mining engineer, was known as the father of taconite,
because he discovered how to get iron ore from taconite rocks.
4750 Davis, Jefferson (1808-1889), served as president of the Confederate States of America during the
American Civil War.
4751 Davis, John (1543-1605), also spelled Davys, an English mariner and explorer, was the first European to
discover what is now Davis Strait, between Greenland and Canada.
4752 Davis, Miles (1926-1991), was one of the most influential American jazz trumpeters and bandleaders in
jazz history.
4753 Davis, Owen (1874-1956), was an American playwright.
4754 Davis, Paulina Wright (1813-1876), was an American social reformer.
4755 Davis, Steve (1957-...), is an English snooker player.
4756 Davis, Stuart (1894-1964), was an American painter and illustrator.
4757 Davis, Thomas (1814-1845), was an Irish essayist, poet, and patriot.
4758 Davis Cup is a silver bowl trophy awarded each year to the nation that wins the world's men's tennis
championship.
4759 Davison, Frank Dalby (1893-1970), an Australian writer, became known for novels and short stories that
reflect his affection for country life and especially for animals.
4760 Davisson, Clinton Joseph (1881-1958), was an American physicist.
4761 Davitt, Michael (1846-1906), was one of the chief leaders in the movement to reform the land system in
Ireland.
4762
Davy, Sir Humphry (1778-1829), an English chemist, rose to fame as inventor of the miner's safety lamp.
4763 Davy Jones, in sailors' folklore, is the wicked spirit who rules over the souls in the ocean deep.
4764 Dawe, Bruce (1930-...), an Australian poet, wrote a number of books of poetry from No Fixed Address
(1962) to Towards Sunrise: Poems 1979-1986 (1986).
4765 Dawkins, Richard (1941-...), is one of the United Kingdom's best known popular scientists.
4766 Daws, Lawrence (1927-...), an Australian painter, studied at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School
from 1949 to 1953.
4767 Dawson, George Mercer (1849-1901), was a Canadian geologist and the son of the geologist Sir John
William Dawson.
4768 Dawson, Sir John William (1820-1899), was a Canadian geologist and educator.
4769 Dawson, Peter (1882-1961), an Australian baritone, featured on some of the earliest gramophone
recordings.
4770 Day. While the earth travels through space around the sun, it also spins on its own axis.
4771 Day, Clarence (1874-1935), was an American writer.
4772 Day care is a service in which children or dependent adults are cared for while the person who normally
cares for them cannot do so.
4773 Day-Lewis, Cecil (1904-1972), was an Irish-born English poet and novelist.
4774 Day-Lewis, Daniel (1957-...), is an Irish actor.
4775 Day lily is a lily plant whose beautiful blossoms, usually yellow or orange, live only from sunrise to
sunset.
4776 Dayan, Moshe (1915-1981), was an Israeli military hero and political leader.
4777
Daylight saving is a plan in which clocks are set one hour ahead of standard time for a certain period.
4778 Dayton (pop. 182,044), is a leading manufacturing centre in the Midwestern state of Ohio in the United
States.
4779 DDT is an insecticide that has been widely used on crops for pest control.
4780 Deacon is one of the classes or ranks of Christian clergy.
4781 Dead Sea is a saltwater lake in southwestern Asia.
4782 Dead Sea Scrolls are among the oldest known manuscripts of any Biblical books.
4783 Deadly nightshade is a bushy plant that supplies several drugs.
4784 Deafness is usually defined as the inability to hear and understand speech.
4785 Deakin, Alfred (1856-1919), an Australian politician and statesman, was prime minister of Australia three
times--from 1903 to 1904, from 1905 to 1908, and from 1909 to 1910.
4786 Dean, Dixie (1908-1980), was one of the best centre-forwards in English soccer.
4787 Dean, James (1931-1955), was an American film actor.
4788 Dearborn (pop. 89,286) is a manufacturing centre near Detroit in the state of Michigan, part of the Great
Lakes region of the United States.
4789 Dearden, John Francis Cardinal (1907-1988), an American cardinal, was archbishop of Detroit,
Michigan.
4790 Death is the end of life.
4791 Death adder is among Australia's most dangerous snakes.
4792 Death Valley lies chiefly in east-central California, U.S.A. A small part of it extends into Nevada.
4793 Death's-head moth is a large moth with a thick, hairy body.
4794 Deathwatch is a name given to several kinds of small brownish beetles that have the strange habit of
knocking their heads against wood.
4795 DeBakey, Michael Ellis (1908-...), an American surgeon, won fame for his work with the heart and for his
contributions to techniques used to replace damaged blood vessels, including the coronary bypass
operation.
4796 Debate is a series of formal spoken arguments for and against a definite proposal.
4797 De Boissiere, Ralph A. C. (1907-...) is a novelist, story-writer who was born of a wealthy French-Creole
family in Trinidad.
4798 Deborah was a Biblical prophetess of Israel in the period of the Judges, the 1100's B.C. She was the
wife of Lapidoth.
4799 Debrecen (pop. 211,823) is a commercial and industrial city in eastern Hungary.
4800 De Broglie, Louis Victor (1892-1987), was a French physicist who won the 1929 Nobel Prize for physics
for his theory of the wave nature of electrons.
4801 Debre, Michel Jean Pierre (1912-1996), was prime minister of France from 1959 to 1962.
4802 Debs, Eugene Victor (1855-1926), was a colourful and eloquent spokesman for the American labour
movement and for socialism.
4803 Debt is anything owed, especially a sum of money that one person owes to another.
4804 Debussy, Claude (1862-1918), was an important French composer.
4805 Debye, Peter Joseph William (1884-1966), a Dutch physicist and chemist, won the 1936 Nobel Prize for
chemistry for studies of the physical properties of molecules.
4806 Decal is the process of transferring printed designs, letters, or pictures from specially prepared paper
onto various surfaces.
4807 De Castella, Robert (1957-...), an Australian athlete, won the marathon at the Commonwealth Games in
1982 and 1986.
4808 Decathlon is a two-day contest in 10 events to determine an all-round athletics champion.
4809 Decatur, Stephen (1779-1820), was one of the most daring officers in the United States Navy during its
early years.
4810
Decay is the process by which dead animal or dead plant matter is broken down to simple compounds.
4811 December is the twelfth and last month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in
almost all the world today.
4812 Decibel is a unit used in comparing sound pressure, voltage, power, and some other related acoustic
and electrical quantities.
4813 Deciduous tree is the name for any tree that loses its leaves at a certain time each year and later grows
new leaves.
4814 Decimal system is a way of writing numbers.
4815 Declaration of Independence is the historic document in which the British colonies in America declared
their freedom from British rule.
4816 Declension is a listing of the different case forms of a noun or pronoun.
4817 Decomposition, in chemistry, is the breaking down of a substance into simpler products, or into the
elements of which it is composed.
4818 Decorations, medals, and orders are honours that are awarded to people for bravery or merit.
4819 Decorative arts is a term used to designate a variety of categories including furniture, woodwork, and
glass.
4820 Decoupage is the art of using paper cutouts to decorate furniture and such accessories as boxes, lamps,
plaques, and trays.
4821 Deductive method is the process of reasoning by which we draw conclusions by logical inference from
given premises.
4822 Dee is the name of five rivers in either Britain or Ireland.
4823 Deed is a written document to transfer ownership of property.
4824 Deep refers to any ocean area that has a depth of more than 5,490 metres.
4825 Deeping, Warwick (1877-1950), an English novelist, wrote his most famous book, Sorrell and Son
(1925), as a result of his experiences in World War I.
4826 Deer are the only animals with bones called antlers on their heads.
4827 Deer fly is an insect related to the horseflies.
4828 Deere, John (1804-1886), was an American inventor and manufacturer.
4829 Deerhound is a Scottish breed of dog, close to the Irish wolfhound in ancestry.
4830 Defender of the Faith is one of the titles used by British sovereigns.
4831 Defoe, Daniel (1660-1731), was an English novelist and journalist.
4832 De Forest, John William (1826-1906), was an American novelist.
4833 De Forest, Lee (1873-1961), an American inventor, pioneered in wireless telegraphy and radio
broadcasting.
4834 Degas, Edgar (1834-1917), was a French impressionist painter.
4835 De Gasperi, Alcide (1881-1954), leader of the Italian Christian Democratic Party, was prime minister of
Italy from 1945 to 1953.
4836 De Gaulle, Charles Andre Joseph Marie (1890-1970), became the outstanding French patriot, soldier,
and statesman of the 1900's.
4837 Degree is a name given to various small units of measure.
4838 Degree, University and college. A university or college awards a degree to a person who has completed
a required course of study.
4839 De Groot, Francis Edward (1888-1969), was a member of the Australian right-wing group called the New
Guard.
4840 De Havilland, Sir Geoffrey (1882-1965), was a noted British aircraft designer and manufacturer.
4841
De Hooch, Pieter (1629-1684?), was a Dutch painter noted for his charming scenes of middle-class life.
4842 Dehumidifier is a device that removes moisture from the air.
4843 Dehydrated food is food that has been preserved by drying.
4844 Dehydration is a condition characterized by the excessive loss of water from the body.
4845 Deighton, Len (1929-...), is an English author known for espionage and war novels.
4846 Deism is a religious and philosophic belief.
4847 DeJong, Meindert (1906-...), is an author of children's books.
4848 Dekker, Thomas (1572?-1632?), an English writer, brought to Elizabethan popular literature a fresh
emphasis on the life of his day.
4849 De Klerk, F. W. (1936-...) was state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994.
4850
De Koven, Reginald (1859-1920), was an American composer who became known for his light operas.
4851 De Kooning, Willem (1904-1997), was a leading abstract expressionist artist.
4852 De Kruif, Paul (1890-1971), an American writer, specialized in scientific and medical subjects.
4853
Delacroix, Eugene (1798-1863), was the chief representative of the romantic style of painting in France.
4854 De la Cruz, Apolinario (1814-1841), was a Filipino religious leader who tried to provide native-born
Filipinos with a means of entering a career in the Roman Catholic Church.
4855 De La Mare, Walter (1873-1956), was an English author noted for his romantic works for both adults and
children.
4856 Delane, John Thaddeus (1817-1879), was a British journalist whose writings on political matters had
much influence on government policy during his time.
4857 Delaware (pop. 668,696) is one of the smallest states in the United States.
4858 Delbruck, Max (1906-1981), a German-born American biologist, shared the 1969 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine with Alfred Hershey and Salvador Luria.
4859 De Lee, Joseph Bolivar (1869-1942), an American obstetrician and gynaecologist, was noted for his
work in improving obstetrical methods.
4860 Delft is a type of earthenware that was made in the late 1500's and flourished into the mid-1700's.
4861 Delhi (pop. 9,370,475), sometimes called Dilli, is an Indian union territory.
4862 Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim empire that controlled much of what is now Bangladesh, India, and
Pakistan from 1206 to 1526.
4863 Delibes, Leo (1836-1891), was a French composer.
4864 Delilah, in the Old Testament, was the Philistine mistress of Samson, the Israelite folk hero famed for his
tremendous strength.
4865 Delirium tremens, often called the DT's, is a nervous and mental disturbance that results from acute
alcoholism.
4866 Delius, Frederick (1862-1934), was an English composer.
4867 Della Robbia, Luca (1399?-1482), was an Italian sculptor of the early Renaissance.
4868 Deller, Alfred (1912-1979), was a leading English countertenor (a male singer in a voice that is higher
than the tenor and lower than the soprano or treble).
4869 Delors, Jacques (1925-...), a French politician, was president of the European Commission from 1985 to
1994.
4870 De los Angeles, Victoria (1923-...), a Spanish lyric soprano, won international acclaim as an opera
singer, a recitalist, and an orchestral soloist.
4871 Delphi was a town situated on the southern slope of Mount Parnassus.
4872 Del Rey, Lester (1915-1993), was an American author of science fiction.
4873 Del Sarto, Andrea (1486-1531), was an outstanding painter of the Italian Renaissance.
4874 Delta is a low plain composed of clay, gravel, sand, and other sediments deposited at the mouth of a
river.
4875 Deluge, according to the Bible, was a great flood that covered the earth thousands of years ago.
4876 Delusion is a false belief.
4877 Delville Wood, Battle of, was a battle fought by South African soldiers against German soldiers in World
War I (1914-1918).
4878 Delyn (pop. 66,200) is a local government district in Clwyd, Wales, administered from the town of
Holywell.
4879
De Maupassant, Guy (1850-1893), a French author, was one of the world's great short-story writers.
4880 Demeter, in Greek mythology, was the goddess of the earth, agriculture, fertility, and grain.
4881 De Mille, Agnes (1909-1993), became a leading American choreographer (dance composer), dancer,
and author.
4882 De Mille, Cecil Blount (1881-1959), an American film producer and director, became famous for his
spectacular films based on the Bible.
4883 Democracy is a form of government, a way of life, a goal or ideal, and a political philosophy.
4884 Democratic Party is the older of the two major political parties of the United States.
4885 Democritus (460?-370? B.C.) was a Greek philosopher.
4886 Demography is the study of human populations.
4887 Demosthenes (384?-322 B.C.) was an Athenian statesman who is usually considered to have been the
greatest Greek orator.
4888 Dempsey, Jack (1895-1983), an American boxer, became one of the most popular heavyweight
champions of all time.
4889 Dempster, Arthur Jeffrey (1886-1950), was an American physicist.
4890
Denarius was a silver coin used by the Romans during the periods of the Republic and the Empire.
4891 Dench, Dame Judi (1934-...) is a British actress.
4892 Deneb is the brightest star in the constellation Cygnus, or the Swan.
4893 Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997), also spelled Teng Hsiao-p'ing, was China's most influential leader from the
late 1970's, following the death of Mao Zedong, to the early 1990's.
4894 Dengue, also called breakbone fever, is a disease that causes fever, head and eye aches, and pain in
the muscles and joints.
4895 Denilikoon, an Australian Aborigine, was the man after whom the town of Deniliquin in Australia was
named.
4896 Denim is a sturdy fabric commonly used for jeans and other durable clothes.
4897 De Niro, Robert (1943-...), is an American film actor.
4898 Denis, Saint (A.D. 200's), is the patron saint of France.
4899 Denison, Sir William Thomas (1804-1871), a British statesman, was lieutenant governor of Van
Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), Australia, from 1847 to 1855.
4900 Denmark is a small kingdom in northern Europe that is almost surrounded by water.
4901
Denning, Lord (1899-...), a distinguished British judge, was Master of the Rolls from 1962 to 1982.
4902 Dennis, C. J. (1876-1938), called the Laureate of the Larrikin, was considered one of the most humorous
and witty of Australian poets.
4903 Denominate number tells the amount of a quantity by giving the number of units and the kind of units that
make up the quantity.
4904 Density is the mass--that is, the amount of matter--in a unit volume of any substance.
4905
Dental hygiene is the science and practice of caring for the teeth, gums, and other parts of the mouth.
4906 Dentistry is the art and science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases of the teeth, jaws, and
surrounding soft tissues of the mouth.
4907
D'Entrecasteaux, Bruni (1739-1793), a French naval commander, explored much of southern Australia.
4908 Denver (pop. 467,610; metropolitan area pop. 1,622,980) is the capital of the Rocky Mountain state of
Colorado in the United States.
4909 Deodorant is a consumer product or an ingredient designed to reduce, prevent, or cover up unpleasant
body odours.
4910 Deodorizer is a substance or device that eliminates or reduces disagreeable odours.
4911 De Palma, Ralph (1883-1956), was a pioneering American racing driver.
4912 Department store is a large store that sells many kinds of goods in separate departments under one
management.
4913 Deportation is the action a government takes when it forces an alien to leave the country and return to
the place where the alien was born or had lived.
4914 Deposition, in law, is the testimony of a witness who does not appear in court.
4915 Depreciation is the loss of value.
4916 Depressant is a drug that slows the activity of the nervous system.
4917 Depression is a deep, extended slump in total business activity.
4918 Depression is a serious mental disorder in which a person suffers long periods of sadness and other
negative feelings.
4919 De Quincey, Thomas (1785-1859), was an English essayist.
4920 Derain, Andre (1880-1954), was a French artist.
4921 Derby (pop. 7,727) is the administrative centre for the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
4922 Derby (pop. 214,000), is a city in Derbyshire, England.
4923 Derby is a famous horse race begun in 1780 by the Earl of Derby in Epsom, England.
4924
Derby, Earl of (1799-1869), Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, was British prime minister three times.
4925 Derbyshire, which lies in the centre of England, is a county of hills, valleys, moorland, and swift-flowing
streams.
4926 Derbyshire Dales (pop. 67,700) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England.
4927 Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that itches or burns.
4928 Dermatology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of skin
diseases.
4929 Derry (pop. 94,721) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
4930 Dervish is a member of one of the mystical religious orders of the Islamic religion.
4931
Derwent is a river in Tasmania in Australia that flows 195 kilometres from Lake St. Clair to Storm Bay.
4932 Derwentside (pop. 84,800), is a local government district in Durham.
4933 Derwentwater, Earl of (1689-1716), James Radcliffe, an English nobleman, supported James Stuart,
"The Old Pretender," in the first Jacobite rising, in 1715.
4934 DES is a synthetic sex hormone used as a drug.
4935 Desai, Morarji (1896-1995), was India's prime minister from 1977 to 1979.
4936 Descartes, Rene (1596-1650), was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
4937 Deseret is a word meaning honeybee in the Book of Mormon.
4938 Desert is generally thought of as a hot, barren region that receives little rainfall.
4939 Desert Road in the North Island of New Zealand, stretches from Turangi, near Lake Taupo, to Taihape,
about 100 kilometres away.
4940 De Seversky, Alexander Procofieff (1894-1974), was an American pilot, aircraft designer, and military
authority.
4941 De Sica, Vittorio (1902-1974), an Italian film director and actor, became noted for his realistic portrayals
of life among the poor.
4942 Design is the intended arrangement of materials to produce a certain result or effect.
4943 De Sitter, Willem (1872-1934), was a noted Dutch astronomer.
4944 Desktop publishing is the use of a personal computer to write, illustrate, and lay out high-quality
documents.
4945 De Soto, Hernando (1500?-1542), a Spanish explorer, led the first European expedition to reach the
Mississippi River in what is now the United States.
4946 Despotism is a form of government in which the ruler has unlimited power over the people.
4947 Dessalines, Jean Jacques (1758?-1806), is the national hero of Haiti.
4948 Destroyer is a warship.
4949 Detective story is a work of fiction about a puzzling crime, a number of clues, and a detective who
eventually solves the mystery.
4950 Detergent and soap. A detergent is a substance that cleans soiled surfaces.
4951 Determinant, in mathematics, is a single number related to a square array (arrangement) of numbers
called elements.
4952 Detonator is a small metal or plastic capsule that contains an easily explodable charge.
4953 Detroit is the largest city in the Midwestern state of Michigan in the United States of America.
4954 Dettori, "Frankie" (1970-...), is an Italian-born jockey who has settled in England.
4955 Deucalion was the "Noah" of Greek mythology.
4956 Deuterium, also called heavy hydrogen, is a stable isotope of hydrogen (see ISOTOPE).
4957 Deuteronomy is the name of the fifth book of the Bible, and the last book of the Pentateuch, or Five
Books of Moses.
4958 Deutschland uber Alles, or Germany Over All, became Germany's national anthem in 1922.
4959 Deutzia is a shrub related to the hydrangea.
4960
Kapil Dev, (1959-...), an Indian cricketer, was the best fast bowler produced by India for many years.
4961 De Valera, Eamon (1882-1975), a leader in Ireland's fight to win independence, served three times as
prime minister after 1937, and was elected president in 1959 and 1966.
4962 De Valois, Dame Ninette (1898-...), founded the United Kingdom's Royal Ballet and served as its director
until her retirement in 1963.
4963 Devaluation is a measure that a government may take to reduce the value of its currency in terms of
foreign currencies.
4964 Developing country is any of the world's poor, or "have-not," nations.
4965 Developmental psychology is the study of changes in behaviour during a lifetime.
4966 Devil, according to many religions, is an evil spirit that opposes God or good spirits.
4967 Devil worship is the practice of worshipping demons or other evil spirits.
4968 De Vlamingh, William (1640-?), was a skilful and daring Dutch navigator.
4969 Devolution is the transfer of certain powers from the central government to regional governments within
a country.
4970 Devon, a county in the southwest of England, has scenery of great beauty and variety.
4971 Devonian Period, in geology, is a period of the earth's history.
4972 Devonport (pop. 24,622) is a major port in northwestern Tasmania, Australia.
4973 Devonshire, Duke of (1720-1764), William Cavendish, became Prime Minister of Great Britain in
November 1756.
4974 De Voto, Bernard Augustine (1897-1955), an American editor and critic, became well known for his
histories of the western frontier.
4975 Devoy, Susan (1964-...), a New Zealand squash champion, ranked as the world's top woman player in
the mid-1980's.
4976 De Vries, Hugo (1848-1935), a Dutch botanist and student of organic evolution, was known primarily as
the author of the mutation theory (see MUTATION).
4977 Dew is the name given to the glistening beads of water that often appear on blades of grass, leaves, and
car tops early on clear mornings.
4978 DEW line, which stands for Distant Early Warning line, provides the United States and Canada with
warning of an air attack from the north.
4979 Dew point is the temperature at which moisture in the air begins to condense.
4980 Dew pond is a shallow pool of water.
4981 Dewberry is a small, oval fruit that grows on a trailing blackberry plant.
4982
De Wet, Christiaan Rudolf (1854-1922), was a famous guerrilla leader and politician in South Africa.
4983 Dewey, George (1837-1917), an American naval officer, won fame as the hero of Manila during the
Spanish-American War (1898).
4984 Dewey, John (1859-1952), was an American philosopher and educator.
4985 Dewey, Melvil (1851-1931), an American librarian, began the decimal library-classification system (see
DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION).
4986 Dewey Decimal Classification is the most widely used method of classifying books in a library.
4987 Dextrin is a sticky substance formed during the chemical breakdown of starch.
4988 Dextrose is the name used in industry for pure, crystalline glucose sugar.
4989
Dhaka (pop. 3,637,892) is the capital, largest city, and commercial and industrial centre of Bangladesh.
4990 Dharma is the moral and religious law of Buddhism and Hinduism.
4991 Diabetes is the name of two diseases that have the same symptoms, excessive thirst and the production
of large quantities of urine.
4992
Diacritical mark is a sign used with letters of the alphabet to show pronunciation or meaning of words.
4993 Diaghilev, Sergei Pavlovich (1872-1929), was one of the greatest producers and directors in ballet
history.
4994 Dialect is a variation of a language used by a particular group of speakers.
4995 Diamantina is one of the rivers of the Lake Eyre system in Australia.
4996 Diameter, in geometry, is the length of any straight line segment that passes through the centre of a
circle or a sphere and touches the figure's boundaries at opposite points.
4997 Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance, and also one of the most valuable natural
substances.
4998 Diana was a goddess in Roman mythology.
4999 Diana, Princess of Wales (1961-1997), was a member of the royal family of the United Kingdom.
5000 Diaphragm, the large muscle attached to the lower ribs, separates the chest from the abdomen.
5001 Diarrhoea is a condition characterized by loose and frequent bowel movements.
5002
Diary is a written account of a person's experiences and thoughts, recorded each day or every few days.
5003 Dias, Bartolomeu (1450?-1500), also spelled Diaz, was a Portuguese sea captain and explorer.
5004 Diathermy is a method of treating muscle and joint disorders and other diseases by creating heat energy
in tissues beneath the skin.
5005 Diatom is a microscopic, single-celled organism.
5006 Diaz, Porfirio (1830-1915), served two terms as president of Mexico from 1877 to 1880 and from 1884 to
1911.
5007 Diaz Ordaz, Gustavo, (1911-1979), served as president of Mexico from 1964 to 1970.
5008 Dice are small cubes used in such games of chance as craps.
5009 Dick, Sir William Reid (1879-1961), was a skilful British portrait painter and sculptor who was noted for
his deep insight into character.
5010 Dickcissel is a bunting of the finch and sparrow family (see BUNTING).
5011 Dickens, Charles (1812-1870), was a great English novelist and one of the most popular writers of all
time.
5012 Dickerson, Bob (1924-...), an Australian painter, became famous for his paint and charcoal works based
on social themes.
5013 Dickey, James (1923-1997), was an American poet and novelist.
5014 Dickinson, Emily (1830-1886), was an American poet.
5015 Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes (1862-1932), a British humanist and author, wrote many works on
historical and philosophical subjects.
5016 Dicotyledon is a type of flowering plant that has two cotyledons (leafy parts within each seed).
5017
Dictating machine is a business machine that records speech on a magnetic disc, tape, or other device.
5018 Dictatorship is a form of government in which an individual, a committee, or a group holds absolute
power.
5019 Dictionary is a book that contains a selected list of words arranged in alphabetical order.
5020 Diderot, Denis (1713-1784), was a major French philosopher of an intellectual movement called the Age
of Reason.
5021 Didgeridoo is a musical instrument that the Aborigines of northern Australia play in their religious
ceremonies.
5022 Didion, Joan (1934-...), is an American essayist and novelist.
5023 Dido, also called Elissa, was the legendary founder and queen of Carthage.
5024 Die and diemaking. A die is a precision tool used to shape or cut metals or other materials.
5025 Dieback refers to the death of eucalyptus trees in Australia.
5026 Diefenbaker, John George (1895-1979), served as prime minister of Canada from 1957 to 1963.
5027 Diego Garcia is an island in the Indian Ocean.
5028 Diels, Otto (1876-1954), a German chemist, shared the 1950 Nobel prize for chemistry with his former
pupil, Kurt Alder.
5029 Dien Bien Phu, Battle of, was fought between Vietnamese Communists, called Vietminh, and France in
1954.
5030 Diesel, Rudolf (1858-1913), a German mechanical engineer, developed an internal-combustion machine
that used oil as fuel.
5031 Diesel engine is a type of internal-combustion engine used chiefly for heavy-duty work.
5032 Diet is the food and drink that a person takes regularly day after day.
5033 Dietrich, Marlene (1904-1992), a German-born actress and singer, became a famous Hollywood film
star.
5034 Diffraction is the spreading out of waves--water, sound, light, or any other kind--as they pass by the edge
of an obstacle or through an opening.
5035
Diffusion, in chemistry, is the mixing of the atoms or molecules of one substance with those of another.
5036 Digestive system is the group of organs that break down food into smaller particles, or molecules, for
use in the human body.
5037 Digitalis is a powerful drug made from the dried leaves of the purple foxglove, a common woodland and
garden plant.
5038 Dik-dik is one of the smallest antelopes.
5039 Dill is a plant used in making pickles and as a flavouring in other foods, including fish, sour cream, and
vinegar.
5040
Dillinger, John Herbert (1903-1934), was one of the most notorious criminals in United States history.
5041 Dillon is the family name of three prominent Irish politicians.
5042 Dillon, George (1906-1968), was an American poet.
5043 DiMaggio, Joe (1914-...), was one of the greatest outfielders in baseball history.
5044 Dimboola (pop. 4,058), is an agricultural township on the Wimmera River, 360 kilometres northwest of
Melbourne.
5045 D'Indy, Vincent (1851-1931), was a French composer, organist, and conductor.
5046 Dinefwr (pop. 38,000) is a local government district in Dyfed in southwest Wales.
5047 Dinesen, Isak (1885-1962), was the pen name of Baroness Karen Blixen-Finecke, a Danish author who
wrote in English and Danish.
5048 Ding Ling (1904-1986), also spelled Ting Ling, the pen name of Jiang Bingzhi, or Chiang Wei-chi, one of
modern China's most popular and controversial writers.
5049 Dingane (1795-1840) was king of the Zulu from 1828 to 1840.
5050 Dingo is the wild dog of Australia.
5051 Dinka are a cattle-herding people of central Africa.
5052 Dinkins, David Norman (1927-...), became the first African American mayor of New York City.
5053 Dinoflagellate is a kind of single-celled organism found throughout the oceans and in freshwater lakes
and ponds.
5054
Dinosaur is the name of a group of prehistoric reptiles that ruled the earth for about 160 million years.
5055 Diocletian, a Roman emperor, was born about A.D. 245 and died in 313.
5056 Diogenes (412?-323 B.C.) belonged to the Cynic school of ancient Greek philosophy.
5057 Dionysius the Elder (430?-367 B.C.) was a Greek tyrant and military leader who ruled in ancient Sicily
for almost 40 years.
5058 Dionysus was the god of wine in Greek mythology.
5059 Diopside is a widely occurring mineral with a glassy lustre.
5060
Dior, Christian (1905-1957), is considered one of the great French fashion designers of the 1900's.
5061
Dioxin is any of 75 related chemicals, all of which consist of carbon, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen.
5062 Diphtheria is a severe, contagious infection of the upper respiratory system or the skin.
5063 Diphthong is the sound produced by pronouncing two vowels as a single syllable.
5064 Diplodocus was an extremely long, slender, plant-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago
in what is now the Western United States.
5065 Diplomacy is the means of conducting negotiations between nations.
5066 Diplomatic corps consists of all the heads of diplomatic missions, such as ambassadors and ministers,
who represent their governments in a foreign nation.
5067 Diponegoro, Pangeran (1785-1855), was a Javanese prince who fought against the Dutch in the Java
War (1825-1830).
5068 Dipper is a small thrushlike bird that dives and dips under water in search of insects.
5069 Diprotodon was the largest marsupial that ever lived (see MARSUPIAL).
5070 Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice (1902-1984), a British theoretical physicist, became noted for his
mathematical equation describing the behaviour of the electron.
5071 Direct Selling Association (DSA) is a trade organization of companies that sell products to consumers in
their homes or work places.
5072 Disarmament is the elimination, reduction, or limitation of a nation's armed forces.
5073 Disaster is a sudden unfortunate event that affects many people.
5074 Discus throw is one of the oldest individual sports.
5075 Disease is a sickness of the body or the mind.
5076 Disinfectant is any substance that destroys germs on nonliving objects.
5077 Dislocation occurs when any part of the body moves from its normal position.
5078 Dismal Swamp is one of the largest swamps in the United States.
5079 Dismas, Saint, is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.
5080 Disney, Walt (1901-1966), was one of the most famous film producers in history.
5081 Displacement behaviour refers to any of a variety of activities that seem inappropriate in the situation in
which they occur.
5082
Disraeli, Benjamin (1804-1881), was one of the most important British political leaders of the 1800's.
5083 Distance is the space between two points.
5084 Distemper is a contagious disease of dogs and other animals.
5085 Distillation is a process that separates a substance or a mixture of substances from a solution through
vaporization.
5086 Distilling is a process used in manufacturing various alcoholic beverages, including whisky, brandy, and
rum.
5087 Distributed computing is the sharing of computing tasks among connected computers.
5088 District of Columbia (D.C.) is the seat of the United States government.
5089 Disulfiram is a drug used to treat alcoholism (see ALCOHOLISM).
5090 Ditmars, Raymond Lee (1876-1942), was a noted American authority on reptiles.
5091
Diuretic is a drug or other substance that increases the amount of urine discharged by the kidneys.
5092 Diverticulitis is a common disease of the colon (large intestine).
5093 Divide is a high place in the land, situated so that the streams on one side flow in the opposite direction
to the streams on the other side.
5094 Divider is an instrument used to divide lines into equal parts.
5095 Divination is the practice of trying to learn about the unknown by magical or supernatural means.
5096 Divine Comedy is a beautiful, long epic poem by the Italian writer Dante Alighieri.
5097 Divine right of kings is the belief that monarchs get their right to rule directly from God, rather than from
the consent or wish of their subjects.
5098 Diving is an exciting water sport.
5099 Diving, Underwater, is the way people reach the strange and beautiful world beneath the surface of
oceans, lakes, and rivers.
5100 Division is a way of separating a group of things into equal parts.
5101 Divorce is the legal ending of a marriage.
5102 Dixie, also called Dixieland, is a name often given to the southern part of the United States.
5103 Dixie is the name of a famous song especially popular in the southern parts of the United States.
5104 Dixon, Joseph (1799-1869), was an American inventor and manufacturer.
5105 Dixon, Sir Owen (1886-1973), an Australian lawyer, was a justice of the High Court of Australia from
1929 to 1952, and chief justice from 1952 to 1964.
5106 Dizziness is a condition in which people feel that their surroundings are whirling about, or that they are
falling.
5107 Djibouti is a small country in eastern Africa.
5108 Djibouti (pop. 317,000) is the capital of Djibouti, a country in eastern Africa.
5109 DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a technique used to identify criminals through the
analysis of genetic material.
5110 Dnepr River is one of the longest rivers in Europe.
5111 Dneproges Dam, a large concrete dam in Ukraine, is located 320 kilometres from the mouth of the
Dnepr River.
5112 Dnepropetrovsk (pop. 1,140,000) is a major industrial city in Ukraine.
5113 Dnestr River, spelled Nistru in Moldova and Dnister in Ukraine, rises in the Carpathian Mountains in
western Ukraine.
5114 Dobell, Sir William (1899-1970), an artist and Australia's greatest portrait painter, won the Archibald
Prize three times--in 1943, in 1948, and in 1959.
5115 Doberman pinscher is a breed of dog that originated in Germany.
5116 Dobie, J. Frank (1888-1964), an American author and professor, became famous for his writings on the
culture of Texas and the southwest of the United States.
5117 Dobson, Sir Arthur Dudley (1841-1934), was a British surveyor and explorer.
5118 Dobson, Frank (1888-1963), a British sculptor, became known for his sculptures of women.
5119
Dobson, Rosemary (1920-...), a leading Australian poet, won the Patrick White Literary Award in 1984.
5120 Dock is the water beside a wharf or pier (or between two wharves or piers) in which a ship floats.
5121 Dock is the name of several kinds of plants belonging to the buckwheat family.
5122 Doctorfish, one of the surgeonfishes, is a tropical marine fish, found in the East Indies.
5123 Dodd, Thomas Joseph (1907-1971), a Democratic politician, served in the United States Senate from
1959 to 1971.
5124 Dodder is a destructive weed found over most of the world.
5125 Dodecanese Islands include about 40 Greek islands and many small reefs in the Aegean Sea.
5126 Dodge, Mary Elizabeth Mapes (1831-1905), an American author, wrote Hans Brinker, or, The Silver
Skates (1865), a famous children's book about the Netherlands.
5127 Dodge brothers were two pioneers in car manufacturing.
5128 Dodge City (pop. 21,129) is a commercial centre in the state of Kansas in the United States.
5129 Dodo is an extinct flightless bird related to the pigeon.
5130 Dodoma (pop. 45,703) is a city in central Tanzania.
5131 Doenitz, Karl (1891-1980), a German admiral, became commander in chief of the German fleet in
January 1943, during World War II.
5132 Dog is a popular pet throughout the world.
5133 Dog, Guide is a dog specially trained to guide a blind person or to alert a hearing-impaired person to
important sounds.
5134 Dog on the tucker box is a bronze statue of a dog sitting on a tucker box (food box) on the Hume
Highway about 8 kilometres from Gundagai, in New South Wales, Australia.
5135 Dog-proof fences have been constructed in southern and eastern Australia to protect sheep from
dingoes.
5136 Dogbane is the name of 11 closely related plants.
5137 Doge was the title of the rulers of Venice from 697 to 1797.
5138 Dogfish is a type of small shark that lives in the ocean.
5139 Dogger Bank is a large sandbank in the North Sea about 160 kilometres off the northeast coast of
England.
5140 Dogs, Isle of is a small island on the north side of the River Thames in the East End of London.
5141 Dogtooth violet is any of a group of about 30 plants of the lily family that grow in temperate regions of the
Northern Hemisphere.
5142 Dogwood is the common name for a group of herbs, shrubs, and small trees in Europe and North
America.
5143 Doha, also called Ad Dawhah (pop. 217,294), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Qatar, a
country on the Persian Gulf.
5144 Doherty, Sean (1944-...), an Irish politician, was the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Justice from March
1982 to December 1982.
5145 Dohnanyi, Ernst von (1877-1960), a Hungarian composer and conductor, became one of the outstanding
pianists of his time.
5146 Doisy, Edward Adelbert (1893-1986), an American chemist, determined the nature of vitamin K, which
helps the liver produce prothrombin, one of the clotting factors in blood.
5147 Dolbear, Amos E. (1837-1910), an American inventor and physicist, was one of several people who
claimed to have invented the telephone before Alexander Graham Bell did.
5148
Doldrums is a belt of calms, light breezes, or sudden squalls near the equator, mainly over the oceans.
5149 Dole, Robert Joseph (1923-...), a United States politician, was the Republican Party's leader in the
United States Senate from 1985 to 1996.
5150 Dolin, Sir Anton (1904-1983), became the first internationally famous English male dancer.
5151 Doll is a child's toy made to look like a human being.
5152 Dollar is the unit of money in many countries.
5153 Dollfuss, Engelbert (1892-1934), was an Austrian politician.
5154 Dolls' house is a miniature house filled with tiny furniture and other home furnishings.
5155 Dolmetsch is the name of a British musical family who have led the way in making and playing old kinds
of instruments.
5156
Dolomite is a mineral that serves as the chief source of magnesium obtained from the earth's crust.
5157 Dolphin is the name of a group of sea animals closely related to whales and porpoises.
5158 Dolphin is a large game fish that lives in warm salt waters.
5159 Domagk, Gerhard (1895-1964), a German doctor, identified the therapeutic ability of the chemical
prontosil rubrum, the first of the sulpha drugs.
5160 Dome is a curved roof erected on a circular base, much like a bowl turned upside down.
5161 Domesday Book was the first official record of the property holders living in England and the amount of
land they held.
5162 Domett, Alfred (1811-1887), a politician and poet, was premier of New Zealand in 1862 and 1863.
5163 Dominance is a form of behaviour among individual animals that shows their ability to win aggressive
encounters with other animals.
5164 Domingo, Placido (1941-...), a Spanish tenor, became one of the most popular opera singers of the
1900's.
5165 Dominic, Saint (1170?-1221), was a Spanish religious leader.
5166 Dominica is an independent island country in the Caribbean Sea.
5167 Dominican Republic is an independent country in the West Indies, a region of the Caribbean Sea.
5168 Dominicans are members of a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic of Spain in the
early 1200's.
5169 Dominion Day commemorates the United Kingdom's action on September 26, 1907, which granted
dominion status to New Zealand.
5170 Dominoes is the name of several games played with small, flat, oblong pieces called dominoes.
5171 Domitian (A.D. 51-96) succeeded his brother Titus as Roman emperor in A.D. 81.
5172 Don Juan is the hero of one of the most famous legends in literature.
5173 Don Quixote is a novel by Miguel de Cervantes of Spain.
5174 Don River is an important waterway in southwestern Russia.
5175 Donahoe, Jack (1806-1830), an Australian bushranger, is known for the exploits recorded in the song
"Bold Jack Donahoe" and later incorporated in the ballad "The Wild Colonial Boy." Born in Dublin,
Ireland, he was convicted in 1823 of "intent to com
5176 Donatello (about 1386-1466), was a great Italian sculptor.
5177 Doncaster (pop. 71,595) is an industrial town in South Yorkshire, England.
5178 Donegal is a county on the northwest coast of Ireland.
5179 Donetsk (pop. 1,064,000) is the largest city in the Donets River Basin.
5180 Donizetti, Gaetano (1797-1848) was an Italian opera composer.
5181 Donkey is the name of the domesticated ass.
5182 Donne, John (1572-1631), was one of the greatest English poets and preachers of the 1600's.
5183 Donnelly, Ignatius (1831-1901), was an American politician, reformer, and author who helped form the
Populist Party.
5184
Donoghue, Steve (1884-1945), was one of the United Kingdom's most successful and popular jockeys.
5185 Dooley, Thomas Anthony, III (1927-1961), an American doctor, became famous in the 1950's as the
jungle doctor of Laos.
5186 Doolittle, Hilda (1886-1961), an American poet, was a leader of the imagism movement in poetry during
the early 1900's.
5187 Doolittle, James Harold (1896-1993), a noted American pilot, led the first bombing raid on Tokyo in
World War II.
5188 Doon, a river in Strathclyde Region, Scotland, was made famous by the poetry of Robert Burns.
5189 Doppler effect is the change in frequency of sound, light, or radio waves caused by the relative motion of
the source of the waves and their observer.
5190 DORA, Defence of the Realm Acts, were passed in 1914 and 1915 to give the United Kingdom (UK)
government special powers during World War I (1914-1918).
5191 Dore, Gustave (1832-1883), a French painter and sculptor, illustrated a large number of literary
masterpieces.
5192 Dorians were a group of ancient Greeks.
5193 Dormouse is a tiny mammal that looks like a small squirrel.
5194 Dorset, a county in southern England, was once a shire of the Kingdom of Wessex.
5195 Dos Passos, John (1896-1970), was an American novelist whose work is dominated by social and
political themes.
5196 Dostoevsky, Fyodor (1821-1881), was one of the greatest writers in Russian literature.
5197 Douala (pop. 1,029,731) is the largest city and chief seaport of Cameroon.
5198 Doubleday, Abner (1819-1893), was a United States Army officer who was once considered the inventor
of baseball.
5199 Doubloon is a Spanish and Spanish-American gold coin that was widely used in America until the
1800's.
5200 Doubtful Sound is one of the largest and most beautiful fiords on the western coast of New Zealand's
South Island.
5201 Doughnut is a round, fried cake with a hole in the centre.
5202 Doughty, Charles Montagu (1843-1926), a British author, travelled in western and southern Europe, and
in Asia, writing on geology and collecting inscriptions.
5203 Douglas (pop. 20,368) is the capital of the Isle of Man in Britain.
5204 Douglas, Donald Wills (1892-1981), an American aircraft manufacturer, organized the Douglas
Company in 1921.
5205 Douglas, Sir James (1803-1877), served as the first governor of the colony of British Columbia, in what
is now Canada.
5206 Douglas, Lloyd Cassel (1877-1951), an American Protestant minister, wrote the best-selling novels
Magnificent Obsession (1929), The Robe (1942), and The Big Fisherman (1948).
5207 Douglas, Norman (1868-1952), a British writer, is best known for his witty and satirical novel South Wind
(1917).
5208 Douglas, Paul Howard (1892-1976), a noted American economist, served as a United States senator
from Illinois.
5209 Douglas fir is one of the largest and most valuable timber trees in the world.
5210 Douglas of Kirtleside, Lord (1893-1969), William Sholto Douglas, one of Britain's air commanders during
World War II (1939-1945), was chairman of British European Airways (now British Airways) from 1949
until 1964.
5211 Douglass, Frederick (1818?-1895), was the leading spokesman of American blacks in the 1800's.
5212 Doukhobors, also spelled Dukhobors, belong to a Christian sect in western Canada.
5213 Doulton, Sir Henry (1820-1897), was a British pottery maker who produced articles of both artistic and
commercial value.
5214 Doum palm, also spelled doom palm, grows in Arabia, upper Egypt, and central Africa.
5215 Dove is a name that refers to the smaller members of the pigeon and dove family.
5216 Dove, Arthur Garfield (1880-1946), was one of the earliest abstract painters in the United States.
5217 Dover (pop. 102,600) is a local government district in eastern Kent, England.
5218 Dover, Strait of, is a narrow channel which connects the English Channel and the North Sea and
separates England and France at their closest points.
5219 Dow Jones averages are statistics that show the trend of prices of stocks and bonds in the United
States.
5220
Dowding, Lord (1882-1970), Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, led the British Fighter Command of
the Royal Air Force to victory in the Battle of Britain of World War II (1939-1945) in 1940.
5221 Dowell, Anthony (1943-...), is a British dancer and director.
5222 Dowie, John Alexander (1847-1907), a Scottish-born religious leader, founded a sect that stressed
divine healing, the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion.
5223
Downer, Alexander John Gosse (1951-...), was appointed Australia's minister for foreign affairs in 1996.
5224 Dowland, John (1563-1626), was an English composer during the Renaissance.
5225 Down (pop. 57,503) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
5226 Down, County is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
5227 Down syndrome, formerly called Mongolism, is a disorder that is present at birth.
5228 Downing Street, in Westminster, London, has the official homes of the United Kingdom's prime minister
and chancellor of the exchequer.
5229 Downpatrick is a town in Down, in Northern Ireland.
5230 Downs are generally treeless ranges of gently sloping hills.
5231 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan (1859-1930), a British writer, created Sherlock Holmes, the world's best-known
detective.
5232 D'Oyly Carte, Richard (1844-1901), an English theatre manager, produced all but the first of the 14
operettas written by Sir William S. Gilbert and Sir Arthur S. Sullivan.
5233 Drabble, Margaret (1939-...), is an English novelist.
5234
Draco was a Greek lawmaker who introduced the first written code of law in ancient Athens in 621 B.C.
The code was designed to reduce discontent caused by the unfairness of the Athenian justice system.
5235 Dracula, a novel by the English author Bram Stoker, is the most famous vampire story.
5236 Draft is a written order drawn by one party, directing a second party to pay a definite amount of money to
a third party.
5237 Drago, Luis Maria (1859-1921), an Argentine statesman and jurist, supported the principle that became
known as the Drago Doctrine.
5238 Dragon is a mythical beast in the folklore of many European and Asian cultures.
5239 Dragonfly is a beautiful flying insect.
5240 Drainage is the removal of excess water from the soil.
5241 Drake, Sir Francis (1540?-1596), an explorer and military commander, was the first Englishman to sail
around the world.
5242 Drakensberg is the most important range of mountains in South Africa.
5243
Drama is an art form that tells a story through the speech and actions of the characters in the story.
5244 Draughts is a game played on a draughtboard by two people.
5245 Dravidians were among the earliest known inhabitants of India.
5246 Drawing is the act of making a design or image, using line or tone, on any suitable surface.
5247 Drayton, Michael (1563-1631), was an English poet who experimented with many literary forms.
5248 Dreadnought was a type of battleship first launched by the British Navy in 1906.
5249 Dream is a story that a person "watches" or appears to take part in during sleep.
5250 Dredging is the work of clearing out the bottom of rivers, harbours, and other bodies of water so that
ships can use them.
5251 Dreiser, Theodore (1871-1945), ranks as the foremost American writer in the naturalism movement (a
sombre and pessimistic form of realism).
5252 Dresden (pop. 490,571) is one of the largest cities in Germany and a major European art centre.
5253 Dresden china is a type of porcelain produced in Meissen, Germany, near the city of Dresden.
5254 Drew, Charles Richard (1904-1950), was an American doctor known for his research on blood plasma
and for setting up blood banks.
5255
Drew, John (1853-1927), an American actor, became noted for his outstanding light comedy roles.
5256 Drexel, Anthony Joseph (1826-1893), was an American financier and philanthropist.
5257 Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935), was a Jewish French army officer who became the centre of a bitter quarrel
as a result of political injustice.
5258 Drill, also called a seeder, is a tractor-drawn machine used to place seeds of small grains and grasses
into soil.
5259 Drill is a tool used to bore holes into a variety of materials.
5260 Drinkwater, John (1882-1937), was a British playwright, poet, and biographer.
5261 Driscoll, Jim (1881-1925), was a British boxer who won fame as a master of the traditional scientific style
of boxing, using the straight left as the principal punch.
5262 Driver, William (1803-1886), an American sea captain, gave the name Old Glory to the United States
flag.
5263 Drogheda (pop. 24,068) is an important seaport and manufacturing centre in Louth, in the Republic of
Ireland.
5264 Dromedary, also called Arabian camel, is a swift camel used mainly for transportation and food in dry
parts of India, the Middle East, and Africa.
5265 Drought is a condition that results when the average rainfall for an area drops far below the normal
amount for a long period of time.
5266 Droving is a term used for walking cattle over long distances.
5267 Drowning is death caused by suffocation in water or other liquid.
5268 Drug is one of the medical profession's most valuable tools.
5269 Drug abuse is the nonmedical use of a drug that interferes with a healthy and productive life.
5270 Druids were the priestly, learned class among the Celts, a people of ancient Europe.
5271 Drum is any member of about 200 species of fish.
5272 Drum is the oldest musical instrument.
5273 Drummond, Henry (1851-1897), was a Scottish evangelist and author.
5274 Drummond, Stanley (1885-1943), an Australian Methodist missionary, gained distinction for his social
welfare work, especially for children.
5275 Drummond of Hawthornden, William (1585-1649), was one of the few Scottish poets of his time who
chose to write in English, rather than in Gaelic.
5276 Drupe is a fleshy fruit that has a single seed surrounded by a hard covering or stone.
5277 Drury, Allen (1918-...), an American editor and writer, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 for his novel Advise
and Consent.
5278 Drury Lane, in London, connects High Holborn with Aldwych.
5279 Druses are an Arabic-speaking people of the Middle East.
5280 Dry, Sir Richard (1815-1869), the first locally born premier of Tasmania, Australia, held office from 1866
to 1869.
5281 Dry cleaning is a process that removes dirt and stains from fabrics.
5282 Dry dock is a dock in which a vessel can lie out of the water while repairs are being made below its
water line (see DOCK).
5283 Dry farming is a process of growing crops in semiarid regions without irrigation.
5284 Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide.
5285 Dryden, John (1631-1700), was the outstanding English writer of the Restoration period (about 1660 to
1700).
5286
Drysdale, Sir Russell (1912-1981), an Australian painter, became known for his outback landscapes.
5287
Duarte, Jose Napoleon (1926-1990), took office as the elected president of El Salvador on June 1, 1984.
5288 Du Barry, Madame (1746-1793), was the beautiful country girl who became the mistress of King Louis
XV of France (see LOUIS [XV]).
5289
Dubbo (pop. 33,864) is a city in New South Wales, Australia, about 400 kilometres northwest of Sydney.
5290 Dubcek, Alexander (1921-1992), was first secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in 1968
and 1969.
5291 Dublin is the capital city of the Republic of Ireland.
5292 Dublin is a county in the province of Leinster on the east coast of Ireland.
5293 Dublin, University of, more generally known as Trinity College, Dublin, was founded in 1592 under a
charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I. The financial support of this university came from funds and
property given by James I. The university has facul
5294 Dubois, Eugene (1858-1941), was a Dutch anatomist and physical anthropologist.
5295 Du Bois, W. E. B. (1868-1963), was one of the most important leaders of black protest in the United
States.
5296 Duboisias are small Australian trees that contain poisonous sap.
5297 Dubos, Rene Jules (1901-1982), a French-American microbiologist, pioneered in the development of
antibiotics, a type of drug.
5298 Dubuffet, Jean (1901-1985), was a French artist known for the primitive style of his works.
5299 Ducat is a coin first issued by Roger II of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, in the mid-1100's.
5300 Duccio di Buoninsegna (1250?-1319?) was the first great painter from Siena, Italy.
5301 Duchamp, Marcel (1887-1968), was a French-born American artist and a leader of the modern
movement in art.
5302 Duck is a bird with waterproof feathers and webbed feet.
5303 Duck is a lightweight canvas usually made of linen, cotton, or synthetic fibres in a plain weave.
5304 Ducking stool was a form of punishment usually given to "witches and nagging women" in England and
the American Colonies from the 1600's to the early 1800's.
5305 Duckweed is the name of several species of tiny plants that float on pools and ponds.
5306 Ducted propeller is a propeller that turns within a cylinderlike device called a duct.
5307 Ductility is the ability of certain solids to undergo permanent changes in shape without breaking.
5308 Dude ranch is an American Western-style ranch which receives paying guests, called dudes.
5309 Dudley (pop. 300,400) is a local government area in the West Midlands, England.
5310 Duel is a form of combat between two armed persons.
5311 Duff, Roger Shepherd (1912-1978), a New Zealand ethnologist and archaeologist, excavated an early
Maori site at Wairau Bar, near Blenheim in the South Island of New Zealand.
5312 Du Fresne, Marion (1726-1772), was a French explorer.
5313 Du Fu (712-770) was one of China's greatest poets.
5314 Dufy, Raoul (1877-1953), was a French artist best known for his lively, decorative paintings.
5315 Dugite is a large venomous snake from southwestern Australia.
5316 Dugong is a plant-eating mammal that lives in the shallow, warm coastal waters of the Red Sea and the
Indian Ocean, as far south as Australia.
5317 Duigan, John (1882-1951), a pioneer Australian aviator, designed and built the first Australian-made
aeroplane.
5318 Duisburg (pop. 535,447) is a trading and manufacturing city in the Ruhr region of Germany.
5319 Dukas, Paul Abraham (1865-1935), was a French composer, music teacher, critic, and editor.
5320 Duke is a European title.
5321 Duke, Geoffrey (1923-...), was six times World champion motorcyclist and five times winner of the Isle of
Man Tourist Trophy (TT) race.
5322 Duke-Elder, Sir William Stewart (1898-1978), a Scottish ophthalmologist, became a leading authority on
eye diseases and eye surgery.
5323
Duke of Edinburgh's Award is an international character-building scheme for young people first
suggested in 1954 by the Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Queen Elizabeth II (see PHILIP, PRINCE).
5324 Dukes, Alan (1945-...), an Irish Fine Gael politician, was leader of his party from 1987 to 1990.
5325 Dulcimer is a stringed musical instrument played with wooden hammers.
5326 Duluth (pop. 85,493) is a city in northeastern Minnesota in the United States.
5327
Duluth, Sieur (1636-1710), was a French explorer after whom Duluth, Minnesota, U.S.A., was named.
5328 Dulwich is a residential district in Southwark, in south London, England.
5329
Duma, officially called the State Duma, was the lower house of the Russian legislature in the early
1900's, during the reign of Czar Nicholas II. Nicholas wanted to rule Russia with supreme authority.
5330 Dumas, Alexandre, pere (1802-1870), was a French novelist and playwright.
5331 Dumas, Alexandre, fils (1824-1895), was a French writer.
5332 Du Maurier is the name of a family of English writers, artists, and actors.
5333 Dumbarton is an industrial town in southwestern Scotland.
5334 Dumbarton Oaks was the name of an international conference held in August-October 1944 at
Dumbarton Oaks, an estate in Washington, D.C.
5335 Dumfries and Galloway makes up the most southerly part of Scotland.
5336 Dumont D'Urville, Jules (1790-1842), a French explorer and naval officer, made several voyages of
exploration to Australia and New Zealand.
5337 Dun Laoghaire (pop. 54,715) is a town on the east coast of Ireland.
5338 Dunant, Jean Henri (1828-1910), a Swiss banker, was the founder of the International Red Cross.
5339 Dunbar, a sailing ship, was wrecked against the rocks on the outer South Head of Sydney Harbour in
Australia, on Aug. 20, 1857.
5340 Dunbar, Battles of, were fought in Scotland in 1296 and 1650.
5341
Dunbar, William (1465?-1530?), a Scottish poet, was noted for his mastery of words and imagery.
5342 Dunbartonshire was formerly a county in western Scotland.
5343 Dunboys. Alex (1975-...), Andy (1974-...), Bevan (1975-...), Matt (1974-...), Paul (1974-...), and Thommo
(1975...), are all New Zealand legends.
5344 Duncan I (?-1040), succeeded his grandfather, Malcolm II, as king of Scotland in 1034.
5345 Duncan, Isadora (1877-1927), an American dancer, greatly influenced dancing in the 1900's.
5346 Duncan, Robert (1919-1988), was an American poet.
5347 Duncan-Sandys, Lord (1908-1987) was an English Conservative politician who held several Cabinet
posts.
5348
Dundalk (pop. 26,581) is the county town and administrative centre of Louth, in the Republic of Ireland.
5349 Dundee (pop. 165,548) is a seaport on the Firth of Tay, eastern Scotland.
5350 Dune is a mound or ridge of loose sand that has been deposited by the wind.
5351 Dunedin (pop. 109,503) is the seventh largest city of New Zealand.
5352 Dunfermline (pop. 125,529) is a local government district in Fife Region, Scotland.
5353 Dungannon (pop. 45,408) is a local government area in the south of Northern Ireland.
5354 Dunham, Katherine (1912-...), a U.S. dancer and choreographer (dance composer), became noted for
her interpretations of the dances of blacks of the West Indies and the United States.
5355 Dunhill, Thomas Frederick (1877-1946), an English composer, wrote chiefly piano pieces, songs, and
chamber works.
5356 Dunk Island is a tourist resort off the coast of northern Queensland, Australia.
5357 Dunkerque (pop. 73,120; met. area pop. 200,000) is a French seaport and industrial centre and the site
of a dramatic Allied evacuation during World War II.
5358 Dunlap, William (1766-1839), has been called the father of American drama.
5359 Dunlop, John Boyd (1840-1921), a Scottish veterinary surgeon, patented the first commercially
successful pneumatic (air-filled) tyre in Britain in 1888.
5360 Dunnart is a mouselike marsupial that lives on the ground in deserts and other arid places.
5361 Duns Scotus, John (1265 or 1266-1308), was one of the greatest theologians and philosophers of the
Middle Ages.
5362 Dunsany, Lord (1878-1957), an English author, wrote more than 50 books, including collections of
stories, a novel, and an autobiography.
5363 Dunstan, Sir Donald (1923-...), a lieutenant general in the Australian Army, became governor of South
Australia in 1982.
5364
Dunstan, Saint (909?-988), was an English religious reformer, statesman, and archbishop of Canterbury.
5365 Duntroon, in the Australian Capital Territory, is the site of the Royal Military College, which prepares
cadets for careers as officers in the Australian Regular Army.
5366 Duodecimal numerals form a numeration system based on 12.
5367 Du Pont de Nemours is the name of a famous American family from Delaware that established the
chemical firm of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company.
5368 Dupre, Desmond John (1916-1974) was an outstanding performer on the guitar, lute, and viols.
5369 Du Pre, Jacqueline (1945-1987), was a brilliantly gifted British cellist.
5370 Durack is the name of an Australian family of pastoralists who pioneered cattle country in western
Queensland and in the Kimberley district of Western Australia.
5371 Duralumin is a term for any one of a group of aluminium-copper alloys.
5372 Durante, Jimmy (1893-1980), was an American entertainer.
5373 Durban (pop. 715,669; met. area pop. 1,106,971) is the chief eastern seaport in South Africa.
5374
Durer, Albrecht (1471-1528), was the most famous painter and printmaker in the history of German art.
5375 Durham is the county in the northeast of England where, in 1825, George Stephenson opened the first
public steam railway in the world.
5376 Durham (pop. 85,000) is a city in the county of Durham, England.
5377 Durham, Earl of (1792-1840), was a British political leader and governor general of Britain's Canadian
colonies.
5378 Durian is a tree which bears edible fruit.
5379 Durkheim, Emile (1858-1917), was a French sociologist.
5380 Durrell, Gerald (1925-1995), was a British naturalist and author.
5381 Durrell, Lawrence (1912-1990), was a British novelist, travel writer, and poet.
5382 Durrenmatt, Friedrich (1921-1990), was a Swiss dramatist and novelist.
5383 D'Urville Island lies at the eastern end of Tasman Bay, near the northern coast of the South Island of
New Zealand.
5384 Duryea brothers were two American car manufacturing pioneers.
5385 Duse, Eleonora (1858-1924), an Italian actress, has been called "the greatest actress of her time." She
seemed to live her parts instead of act them.
5386 Dushanbe (pop. 539,000) is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan.
5387 Dusky Sound is the largest, and one of the most beautiful of the many sounds in Fiordland, on the
southwestern coast of the South Island of New Zealand.
5388 Dusseldorf (pop. 561,686) is a commercial and industrial city in Germany.
5389 Dust is made up of small particles of all kinds of solid matter.
5390 Dust Bowl refers to a series of destructive wind and dust storms that struck the United States during the
1930's.
5391
Dust explosion occurs when a cloud of burnable dust is ignited, causing an intense release of energy.
5392 Dust storm is a strong, turbulent wind that carries fine particles of clay, silt, and other earthy material for
long distances.
5393 Dusty, Slim (1927-...), is the stage name of David Gordon Kirkpatrick, an Australian country and western
singer.
5394 Dutch East India Company was a powerful trading company that helped establish Dutch rule in what is
now Indonesia.
5395 Dutch elm disease is a severe disease of the elm tree.
5396 Dutch explorers played a major part in the early European exploration of Australia.
5397 Dutch oven is a covered metal cooking pot.
5398 Dutch West India Company was formed by Dutch merchants and chartered by the government of the
Netherlands in 1621.
5399 Du Toit, Alexander Logie (1878-1948), was an outstanding South African geologist.
5400 Dutton, Geoffrey (1922-...), an Australian writer, made a valuable contribution to literary criticism as
editor of Literature of Australia (1964).
5401 Duvalier, Francois (1907-1971), was the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971.
5402 Dvina River is the name of two rivers in Eastern Europe.
5403 Dvorak, Antonin (1841-1904), was a Czech composer.
5404 Dwarf is an unusually small adult human being, animal, or plant.
5405 Dwight, John (1635?-1703), was an important early English potter.
5406 Dwyfor (pop. 28,600) is a local government district in Gwynedd, Wales.
5407 Dayaks are a group of people most of whom live in Sarawak, eastern Malaysia.
5408 Dye is a chemical compound used to produce long-lasting colours in materials.
5409
Dyer, Bob (1909-1984), began his long-running quiz show, "Pick-a-Box," on Australian radio in 1941.
5410 Dyfed was the largest county in Wales.
5411 Dylan, Bob (1941-...), an American composer, singer, and musician, was the most influential folk-song
writer of the early 1960's.
5412 Dynamics, in physics, is the study of objects that change their speed or the direction of their motion
because of forces acting upon them.
5413 Dynamite is one of the most important industrial explosives.
5414 Dynamotor is an electric machine that can be used as both a motor and a generator.
5415 Dyne is a unit of force.
5416 Dysentery is a disease involving inflammation of the lining of the large intestine.
5417 Dyslexia is a term that refers to many reading disabilities.
5418 Dyson, Edward George (1865-1931), was an Australian writer who wrote about the goldfields and bush
where he grew up.
5419 Dyson, Sir George (1883-1964), was a British composer, teacher, and writer.
5420 Dyspepsia is a term which is loosely used to refer to a disorder in digestion.
5421 Dysprosium, a chemical element with symbol Dy, is one of the rare-earth metals.
5422 E is the fifth letter of the English alphabet.
5423 E = mc-squared is a formula developed by the physicist Albert Einstein that directly relates mass
(matter) and energy.
5424
E Pluribus Unum is the Latin motto on the face of the Great Seal of the United States of America.
5425 Eads, James Buchanan (1820-1887), was an American engineer and inventor.
5426 Eagle is the name of some of the largest and most powerful birds in the world.
5427 Eakins, Thomas (1844-1916), was one of the greatest American realist painters of the 1800's.
5428 Ealing (pop. 263,600) is an English borough within the Greater London area.
5429 Eames, Charles (1907-1978), was an American designer who became internationally famous for
creating some of the most imaginative furniture of the 1900's.
5430 Eames, Robert Henry Alexander (1937-...), was elected Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland
and Metropolitan by the bishops of the Church of Ireland in 1986.
5431 Ear is the sense organ that makes it possible for us to hear.
5432 Earhart, Amelia (1897-1937?), was an American aviator.
5433 Earl is the oldest title of nobility in the British peerage.
5434 Earl, George (1813-1865), a British colonial official, became an expert on the Malay language.
5435 Earl Marshal is the head of the College of Arms, a body of heralds in Britain, who are responsible for
matters concerning the peerage and heraldry.
5436
Early childhood education includes a wide variety of planned educational experiences for young children.
5437 Earp, Wyatt (1848-1929), was a frontiersman and peace officer in the American West.
5438 Earth, in electricity, is any electrical conductor that is connected to the earth.
5439 Earth means many things to the people who live on it.
5440 Earth science is the study of the earth and its origin and development.
5441 Earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of
the earth's rocky outer shell.
5442
Earthworm is a name for many kinds of common worms found in moist, warm soil throughout the world.
5443 Earwig is an insect that has a large pair of pincers at the rear of its body.
5444 Easement is the right to use another person's land for a specific purpose.
5445 Easington (pop. 96,300) is a local government district on the coast of Durham, England.
5446 East Anglia is a region in eastern England.
5447 East Cambridgeshire (pop. 59,300) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England.
5448 East Coast is a region of the North Island of New Zealand that includes the East Cape and Poverty Bay
areas.
5449 East Devon (pop. 116,300) is a local government district in Devon, England.
5450 East Dorset (pop. 77,200) is a local government district in England.
5451 East Hampshire (pop. 101,100) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, centred on the
towns of Alton and Petersfield.
5452
East Hertfordshire (pop. 114,200) is a local government district in the county of Hertfordshire, England.
5453 East India Company was the name of several European companies that controlled trade with India and
the Far East during the 1600's.
5454 East Indies, in its widest sense, refers to southeastern Asia, including India, Burma, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, and Vietnam; the islands around the Malay Archipelago; and the Philippines.
5455 East Kilbride (pop. 81,399) is a new town in the local government area of South Lanarkshire, Scotland,
about 11 kilometres south of Glasgow.
5456 East Lindsey (pop. 115,600) is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England.
5457 East London (pop. 77,060, met area pop. 105,887) is a port and city on the eastern coast of South Africa
in Eastern Cape province.
5458 East Lothian is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
5459 East Northamptonshire (pop. 66,600) is a local government district in Northamptonshire, England.
5460 East Staffordshire (pop. 96,200) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England.
5461 East Yorkshire (pop. 83,700) was a local government district in northern Humberside, England.
5462 Eastbourne (pop. 83,200) is a seaside resort in East Sussex, England.
5463 Easter is the most important Christian festival of the year.
5464 Easter Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, is famous as the site of enormous statues of people that were
carved hundreds of years ago.
5465 Easter lily, a flower that has become a sign of Easter, is a tall plant with long, pointed leaves.
5466 Eastern Cape is the second largest of South Africa's nine provinces.
5467 Eastern Catholic Churches are a group of independent but related Christian churches in eastern Europe,
Africa, and Asia that accept the pope as their head.
5468 Eastern Orthodox Churches are the major Christian churches in Greece, Russia, eastern Europe, and
western Asia.
5469 Eastleigh (pop. 103,200) is a local government district in southwestern Hampshire, England.
5470 Eastland, James Oliver (1904-1986), an American Democratic politician, served in the United States
Senate for more than 35 years, from 1943 to 1979.
5471 Eastman, George (1854-1932), was an American businessman and inventor.
5472 Eastman, Max Forrester (1883-1969), was an American writer whose Enjoyment of Poetry (1913)
introduced many readers to poetry.
5473 Eastwood (pop. 58,322) is a local government district in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
5474 Eastwood, Clint (1930-...), is an American film actor and director.
5475
Ebejer, Francis (1925-1993), a Maltese writer, had his plays presented in many countries in Europe.
5476 Ebbinghaus, Hermann (1850-1909), was a German experimental psychologist who performed highly
original work in the study of memory and association.
5477 Ebla was a kingdom that flourished during the 2000's B.C. in what is now northern Syria.
5478 Ebola virus is a virus that has caused several outbreaks of deadly disease in Africa.
5479 Ebony is a hard, black wood.
5480
Eccles, Sir John (1903-...), an Australian scientist, shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in physiology or
medicine with British professors Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley for research into nerve impulses.
5481 Eccles, Marriner Stoddard (1890-1977), was an American financier.
5482 Ecclesiastes is the 21st book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible.
5483 Ecclesiastical court is a court set up to judge cases involving clerics.
5484 Echeverria Alvarez, Luis (1922-...), served as president of Mexico from 1970 to 1976.
5485 Echidna is a type of mammal that lays eggs.
5486 Echinoderm is the general name of certain spiny-skinned sea animals.
5487 Echo is a sound that we hear after it is reflected back to its source after striking some object.
5488 Echuca (pop. 9,437), is a city on the Murray River in northern Victoria, Australia.
5489 Eck, Johann (1486-1543), was a Catholic theologian who challenged Martin Luther at a debate in
Leipzig, Germany in 1519.
5490 Eckhart, Johannes (1260?-1328?), was a German theologian.
5491 Eclipse is the darkening of a heavenly body.
5492 Eco, Umberto (1932-...), is an Italian philosopher, novelist and literary critic.
5493 Ecole des Beaux-Arts is a school of fine arts in Paris, sponsored by the French government.
5494 Ecology is the branch of science that deals with the relationships living things have to each other and to
their environment.
5495
Econometrics is the branch of economics that applies mathematics and statistics to economic theory.
5496 Economic determinism is a theory for interpreting history which states that a society's economic system
shapes its social, political, and religious institutions.
5497 Economics is the social science concerned with the analysis of commercial activities and with how
goods and services are produced.
5498 Ectoplasm is a term with two meanings, one used by spiritualists and the other by biologists.
5499 Ecuador is one of the smallest countries of South America.
5500 Eczema is a skin disorder characterized by itching and inflammation.
5501 Edda is a term that refers to two separate works of medieval Icelandic literature.
5502 Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley (1882-1944), a British astronomer, early became interested in the structure
of the universe and in the motions and internal constitution of the stars.
5503
Eddy, Mary Baker (1821-1910), was the founder of Christian Science and the Church of Christ, Scientist.
5504 Edelweiss is a flower that grows in the mountain regions of Europe and Asia.
5505
Eden was a region described in the Bible as the place where God planted a garden for Adam and Eve.
5506 Eden (pop. 46,300) is a local government district in the east of Cumbria, England.
5507 Eden, Anthony (1897-1977), Earl of Avon, a British statesman, served as prime minister of Great Britain
and leader of the Conservative Party from 1955 to 1957.
5508 Edentate is any one of a group of mammals that have incomplete sets of teeth or no teeth at all.
5509 Ederle, Gertrude Caroline (1906-...), a famous American swimmer, became the first woman to swim the
English Channel.
5510 Edgeworth, Maria (1767-1849), was an Irish writer.
5511 Edinburgh (pop. 421,213) is the capital and second largest city of Scotland.
5512 Edinburgh, Treaty of (1560), ended the civil war in Scotland between Scottish Protestants and Scottish
Roman Catholics backed by France.
5513 Edinburgh, University of, is one of the oldest universities in the United Kingdom.
5514 Edirne, formerly Adrianople (pop. 86,909), is an ancient Turkish city.
5515
Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931), was one of the greatest inventors and industrial leaders in history.
5516 Editorial is usually a brief newspaper or magazine article that gives the publication's position on current
events.
5517 Edmondson, John Hurst (1914-1941), an Australian soldier, was awarded the Victoria Cross after his
death.
5518 Edmonton (pop. 616,741; metropolitan area pop. 839,924) is the capital of the western Canadian
province of Alberta.
5519 Edom was an ancient kingdom that is mentioned often in the Old Testament.
5520 Education, in its broadest sense, refers to the ways in which people learn skills and gain knowledge and
understanding about the world, and about themselves.
5521 Educational psychology is a field of psychology in which psychological knowledge and methods are used
to study the processes of teaching and learning.
5522
Edward (1330-1376), known as the Black Prince, is one of the most famous English warriors in history.
5523 Edward I (1239-1307), became king of England in 1272.
5524 Edward II (1284-1327), was one of the most unsuccessful kings in English history.
5525 Edward III (1312-1377), became king of England in 1327.
5526 Edward IV (1442-1483), became king of England in 1461.
5527 Edward V (1470-1483), succeeded his father, Edward IV, as king of England in April 1483 at the age of
12.
5528 Edward VI (1537-1553), was king of England and Ireland from 1547 until his death.
5529 Edward VII (1841-1910), became king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1901.
5530 Edward VIII (1894-1972), became king of the United Kingdom (UK) on Jan. 20, 1936, and gave up the
throne December 11 that same year.
5531 Edward, Prince (1964-...), is the third son and youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II of the United
Kingdom (UK).
5532 Edward the Confessor (1002?-1066), an Anglo-Saxon king descended from Alfred the Great, was
crowned in 1042.
5533 Edwards, Gareth (1947-...), won fame as one of Wales's outstanding international rugby players.
5534
Edwards, Hilton (1903-1982), became well known as a director at the Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland.
5535 Edwards, Sir Hughie (1914-1982), an Australian airman, won the Victoria Cross while serving with the
United Kingdom's Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II (1939-1945).
5536
Edwards, Sir James Bevan (1834-1922), a British general, was commissioned to advise the separate
Australian colonial administrations on the best use of their current military systems in 1889.
5537 Edwards, Sir Owen Morgan (1858-1920), was a Welsh writer, educationalist, and champion of Welsh
culture.
5538 Eel is a long, slimy fish that looks like a snake.
5539 Eelgrass is either of two different underwater plants.
5540 Eelworm is a tiny, threadlike worm that lives as a parasite in plants.
5541 Efficiency, in engineering and physics, is the ratio of the work we get out of a machine to the amount of
energy put into the machine.
5542 Egbert (775?-839), was king of the ancient kingdom of Wessex in England from 802 to his death.
5543 Egg. Nearly all animals produce eggs.
5544 Eggleston, Edward (1837-1902), an American writer, wrote The Hoosier Schoolmaster (1871), a
delightful story of early Indiana.
5545 Eglantine is a wild rose, commonly called sweetbrier.
5546 Ego is a term used in psychoanalysis to describe one of the three parts of the mind.
5547 Egret is any of eight species of birds in the heron family.
5548 Egypt is a Middle Eastern country located in the northeast corner of Africa.
5549 Egypt, Ancient, was the birthplace of one of the world's first civilizations.
5550 Ehrlich, Paul (1854-1915), a German bacteriologist, founded chemotherapy and showed that certain dye
injections cure certain tropical diseases.
5551 Eichmann, Adolf (1906-1962), a lieutenant colonel in Nazi Germany's secret police, was convicted and
executed for his part in the killing of about 6 million Jews during World War II.
5552 Eider duck is the name of several ducks which live close to sea waters.
5553 Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave (1832-1923), was the French structural and aeronautical engineer who
designed the 300-metre Eiffel Tower in Paris for the World's Fair of 1889.
5554 Eiffel Tower is a huge wrought-iron skeleton tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris.
5555 Eildon Dam forms a large storage reservoir on the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia.
5556 Einstein, Albert (1879-1955), was one of the greatest scientists of all time.
5557 Einsteinium (chemical symbol, Es) is an artificially created radioactive element.
5558 Einthoven, Willem (1860-1927), a Dutch physiologist, was the founder of electrocardiography.
5559 Eisenhower, Dwight David (1890-1969), was president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
5560 Eisenhower, Milton Stover (1899-1985), a brother of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, won fame as
an American educator and administrator who specialized in agriculture, public information, and
governmental organization.
5561 Eisenstaedt, Alfred (1898-1995), was an American photographer known for his photographs of news
events and famous people.
5562 Eisteddfod is a popular festival of music and the arts that takes place in Wales.
5563 El Aaiun (pop. 96,784), also called Laayoune, is the principal city of Western Sahara.
5564
El Alamein (pop. 980) is an Egyptian coastal village that lies about 105 kilometres west of Alexandria.
5565 Eland is the largest antelope in Africa.
5566 Elasticity is the ability of a solid to return to its original shape and size after it has been deformed by a
force.
5567 Elat (pop. 33,300) is an Israeli port on the Gulf of Aqaba, an arm of the Red Sea.
5568 Elba is a mountainous island in the Mediterranean Sea, 10 kilometres southwest of the coast of
Tuscany, in Italy.
5569 Elbe River is one of the most important commercial waterways of central Europe.
5570 Elbow is the joint that connects a person's upper arm with the forearm.
5571 Elder is the name of a group of 30 species of small trees or shrubs in the honeysuckle family.
5572
Elder, Sir Thomas (1818-1897), a pastoralist and benefactor, invested in sheep stations in northern
South Australia and spent much money improving these properties, especially on water conservation.
5573 Eldershaw, Flora (1897-1956), an Australian author, combined with Marjorie Barnard to write under the
pen name M. Barnard Eldershaw.
5574 El Dorado is the name of a fictitious kingdom of enormous wealth located on the Amazon River.
5575 Eleanor Crosses mark the places where, in 1290, the body of Eleanor of Castile, wife of King Edward I of
England, rested on its journey from Harby, near Lincoln, to London.
5576 Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204), was the wife of King Louis VII of France and later of King Henry II of
England.
5577 Elecampane is a coarse perennial plant closely related to the asters.
5578 Election is the process by which people vote for the candidate or proposal of their choice.
5579 Electoral college is a system for the indirect election of a political candidate.
5580
Electra in Greek mythology was famous for her loyalty to her father, the Greek leader Agamemnon.
5581 Electric arc is a curve of intense heat and light formed when a strong electric current leaps across a gap
between two electrodes.
5582 Electric bell. The most common type of electric bell is the doorbell found in homes.
5583 Electric car is a car powered by rechargeable batteries.
5584 Electric circuit is the path followed by an electric current.
5585 Electric current is the movement or flow of electric charges.
5586 Electric eel is a long, narrow fish that can produce a strong electric discharge.
5587 Electric eye, also known as photocell, is an electronic device that either produces a current or allows a
current to flow when light shines on it.
5588 Electric field exists in the space around a charged body and can be detected by its effect on another
charged body in the field.
5589 Electric fish is any of several fishes with special muscles that can generate an electric current.
5590 Electric furnace is a device for providing heat by electrical means.
5591 Electric generator is a machine that produces electricity.
5592 Electric light is a device that uses electric energy to produce visible light.
5593 Electric measurement. Electricity itself cannot be observed.
5594 Electric meter is a device that measures electric current.
5595 Electric motor is a machine that changes electric energy into mechanical power to do work.
5596 Electric power is the use of electric energy to do work.
5597 Electric railway is an electrically powered railway system.
5598 Electric switch is a device that controls the flow of electric current in a circuit.
5599 Electric wiring is the system of wires and cables that distributes electricity throughout a home, store,
factory, or other building.
5600 Electrician is a person who repairs, installs, operates, or maintains electrical devices.
5601 Electricity is a basic feature of the matter that makes up everything in the universe.
5602 Electrocardiograph is an instrument used to diagnose heart disorders.
5603 Electrochemistry is a science that deals with chemical reactions that involve electricity.
5604 Electrocution is a means of causing death by the use of a strong electric shock.
5605 Electrode is a conductor through which current enters or leaves an electric or electronic device.
5606 Electroencephalograph is an instrument used to measure and record the electrical voltages produced by
neurons (nerve cells) in the brain.
5607 Electrolysis is a process in which an electric current is passed through a liquid, causing a chemical
reaction to take place.
5608 Electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity.
5609 Electromagnet is a temporary magnet formed when electric current flows through a wire or other
conductor.
5610 Electromagnetic waves are related patterns of electric and magnetic force.
5611 Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the relationship between electricity and
magnetism.
5612 Electromotive force is a measure of the amount of work required to carry a unit of electric charge through
a circuit.
5613 Electromotive series, also called the electrochemical series or activity series, is a listing of metals and
hydrogen with respect to their tendency to lose electrons during chemical reactions.
5614 Electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle.
5615 Electron gun is the heart of various electron devices.
5616 Electron microscope is a device that uses a beam of electrons to magnify an object's image.
5617 Electronic data processing (EDP) is the handling of information in electronic form by computers and
similar machines.
5618 Electronic game is a game controlled by a tiny computer called a microprocessor.
5619 Electronic mail, also called e-mail, is a message sent from one computer to another over telephone
lines.
5620 Electronic music is music in which sounds are produced electronically.
5621 Electronic publishing is the use of computers to design, edit, and distribute material that traditionally
would have been produced on printing presses.
5622 Electronic tagging is a method of monitoring the whereabouts of a person, such as in the enforcement of
house arrest.
5623 Electronics is a branch of physics and engineering that involves controlling the flow of electric charges in
certain devices for a useful purpose.
5624 Electrophoresis is a method of separating and purifying large biological molecules, such as proteins and
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), through the use of an electric field.
5625 Electroplating is the process of putting a metallic coating on a metal or other conducting surface by using
an electric current.
5626 Electroscope is an instrument that detects the presence of an electric charge.
5627 Electrotyping is the process of making metal reproductions of type, engravings, or etchings.
5628 Elegy is a poem that usually reflects upon death--often the death of a friend.
5629 Element, Chemical, is any substance that contains only one kind of atom.
5630 Element 104 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5631 Element 105 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5632 Element 106 is an artificially created radioactive element.
5633 Element 107 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5634 Element 108 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5635 Element 109 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5636 Element 110 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5637 Element 111 is an artificially produced radioactive element.
5638 Elephant is the largest animal that lives on land.
5639 Elephant bird is any one of about seven species of giant extinct birds that once lived on the island of
Madagascar.
5640 Elephantiasis is a skin disease that is most common in the tropics.
5641 Elephant's-ear is a plant with large leaves shaped like an elephant's ear or a shield.
5642
Eleusinian Mysteries were ancient Greek religious rituals performed annually at Eleusis, near Athens.
5643 Elevated railway is an electric railway that runs on tracks above other traffic.
5644 Eleven-Plus is an examination taken in a few parts of the United Kingdom (UK) by primary
schoolchildren between the ages of 101/2 and 111/2.
5645 Elf is an imaginary creature in northern European folklore.
5646 Elgar, Sir Edward William (1857-1934), a British composer, became best known for his Pomp and
Circumstance, a set of five marches.
5647 Elgin, Earl of (1811-1863), served as governor general of Canada from 1847 to 1854.
5648
Elgin Marbles are a group of ancient Greek sculptures that originally decorated the Acropolis in Athens.
5649
Elijah was a Hebrew prophet of the 800's B.C. He was born in Tishbe in what was then northern Israel.
5650 Elimination, also called excretion, is the process of removing water, waste matter, and harmful
substances from the body.
5651
Eliot, George (1819-1880), was the pen name of Mary Ann (or Marian) Evans, a great English novelist.
5652 Eliot, T. S. (1888-1965), ranks among the most important poets of the 1900's.
5653 Elisha was the follower, servant, and later the successor of the Hebrew prophet Elijah.
5654
Elision, in poetry, means dropping or slurring the final vowel or syllable in a word to keep a strict rhythm.
5655 Elixir is a sweetened alcoholic preparation used to disguise the taste of medicines.
5656
Elizabeth (pop. 28,958), 27 kilometres north of Adelaide in South Australia, was once a satellite city.
5657 Elizabeth I (1533-1603), was queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603.
5658 Elizabeth II (1926-...) is the queen of the United Kingdom and the head of the Commonwealth of
Nations.
5659
Elizabeth, Saint, according to Luke 1, was the mother of John the Baptist and a kinswoman of Mary.
5660 Elizabeth Farm House is the oldest building still standing in Australia.
5661 Elk is the common name in Europe for the largest member of the deer family.
5662 Elkhorns are specialized kinds of ferns, found in rainforests in warm, coastal areas of Australia.
5663 Ell was a measure of length taken from the forearm.
5664 Ellesmere Island lies west of northern Greenland.
5665 Ellesmere Port and Neston (pop. 78,800) is an industrial centre and local government district in northern
Cheshire, England.
5666 Ellington, Duke (1899-1974), was an American jazz composer, bandleader, and pianist.
5667 Elliott, Herb (1938-...), an Australian runner, set a world record by running a mile in less than 4 minutes
17 times before he retired in 1962.
5668 Ellipse is a geometric figure with the shape of a flattened hoop.
5669 Ellis, Havelock (1859-1939), was a British author and psychologist.
5670 Ellis Island was a United States immigration station for more than 60 years.
5671
Ellison, Ralph (1914-1994), a black American author, became famous for his novel Invisible Man (1952).
5672 Elm is a large attractive tree used for shade and for timber.
5673 Elman, Mischa, (1891-1967), a Russian-born violinist, made his first public appearance in St.
Petersburg, Russia, in 1904 with great success.
5674 Elmbridge (pop. 109,900) is a local government district in northern Surrey, England.
5675 El Misti is a beautiful cone-shaped volcano in southern Peru.
5676 El Nino is a warm current in the Pacific Ocean that flows southward along the west coast of South
America.
5677 Elodea is a plant that grows submerged in water.
5678
Elohim is a Hebrew word that means gods, a god, or God, depending on the context in which it is used.
5679 Elorde, Cirilo Gabriel (1935-1985), a Filipino boxer, won world titles in 1956 and 1960.
5680 El Paso, Texas, U.S.A. (pop. 515,342, met. area pop. 591,610), lies on the border between the United
States and Mexico and serves as a main gateway for travel between the two countries.
5681 El Salvador is the smallest Central American country in area.
5682 Elton, Charles Sutherland (1900-1991), was an English biologist.
5683 Elwyn-Jones, Lord (1909-1989), was lord chancellor in the British Labour government from 1974 to
1979.
5684 Ely is a city in East Cambridgeshire, England.
5685 Elysium in Greek and Roman mythology, was the place to which the souls of heroes were sent after
death as a reward for their virtuous lives.
5686 Elzevir is the name of a famous family of Dutch printers.
5687 Embalming is the preservation of dead bodies by chemical means.
5688
Embargo is an order designed to stop the movement of goods to another country by land, sea, or air.
5689 Embezzlement is the crime committed when someone entrusted with another's money or property
illegally takes it for personal use.
5690
Emblem is a symbol of an idea, or of things for which a person, a country, or an organization stands.
5691 Embolism is a condition in which a blood vessel is blocked by material that has been carried there by the
bloodstream.
5692 Embossing is a process in which a raised design is stamped or pressed on such materials as leather,
paper, wood, or metal.
5693
Embroidery is the art of stitching decorations on a fabric or similar material with a needle and thread.
5694 Embryo is an animal or plant in an early stage of its development.
5695 Embryology is the study of multicellular organisms during their early stages of development.
5696 Emden was a German cruiser that was stationed in the China Seas and the Indian Ocean at the
outbreak of World War I.
5697 Emerald is a rich green gemstone that is a variety of the mineral beryl.
5698 Emerald Irrigation Scheme serves farms on more than 35,000 hectares around the town of Emerald in
central Queensland, Australia.
5699 Emerald Isle is a poetic name for Ireland.
5700 Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803-1882), ranks as a leading figure in the thought and literature of American
civilization.
5701 Emery is a hard black or grey rock used for grinding and polishing.
5702 Emetic is a medicine that is used to produce vomiting.
5703 Emigres were people who fled France because of the French Revolution.
5704 Emin Pasha (1840-1892), was a German colonial administrator and explorer in Africa.
5705 Eminent domain is the inherent right of a state to force property owners to sell their property when it is
needed for public use.
5706 Emmer is a cereal grain similar to wheat.
5707
Emmet, Robert (1778-1803), an Irish patriot, became one of that country's best-remembered heroes.
5708
Emotion is usually considered to be a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts.
5709 Empedocles (495?-435? B.C.), was an early Greek philosopher.
5710 Emperor is the ruler of an empire, or group of nations or states.
5711 Emperor gum moth lives in eastern Australia from northern Queensland to Tasmania.
5712 Emperor moth is a European moth that lives in heathland areas.
5713
Emphysema is a lung disease in which victims have difficulty breathing, especially when they exhale.
5714 Empire is a domain made up of different countries or states, held together and ruled by the strongest
nation in the group.
5715 Empire State Building is one of the tallest skyscrapers in the world.
5716 Empiricism is a philosophical approach that views experience as the most important source of
knowledge.
5717 Empson, Sir William (1906-1984), a British poet and literary critic, became known for his technically
complex poetry.
5718 Emu is a large, flightless bird that lives in Australia.
5719 Emulsion is a preparation of one liquid evenly distributed in another.
5720 Enamel is a glasslike substance used primarily to form a smooth, glossy surface on metal.
5721 Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain.
5722 Enclave is a territory belonging to one country but lying within the boundaries of another country.
5723 Enclosures of open fields and common land to form independent farms played an important part in the
development of English farming in the late 1500's, and particularly in the late 1700's.
5724 Encounter Bay lies at the entrance of Lake Alexandrina, at the mouth of the Murray River, between the
northern end of the Coorong and Cape Jervis in South Australia.
5725 Encumbrance, also spelled incumbrance, is a legal restriction on land and property.
5726 Encyclical is a letter from a Christian leader, particularly the pope, which is intended for general
distribution among churches.
5727 Encyclopedia is a collection of information about people, places, events, and things.
5728 Endangered species are living things threatened with extinction--that is, the dying off of all individuals of
their kind.
5729 Enderby Land is a region on the fringe of Antarctica.
5730 Enders, John Franklin (1897-1985), an American research bacteriologist, shared the 1954 Nobel Prize
for physiology or medicine with Frederick C. Robbins and Thomas H. Weller.
5731 Endive is a leafy vegetable closely related to chicory.
5732 Endometriosis is a disease of the female reproductive system in which clusters of cells from the lining of
the uterus invade other areas of the body.
5733 Endorphin is any of a group of substances in the nervous system of human beings and animals.
5734
Endoscope is a medical instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body.
5735
Endymion in Greek mythology, was a handsome youth loved by Selene, the goddess of the moon.
5736 Energy, in physics, is the ability to do work.
5737 Energy supply is the total quantity of usable energy available to people.
5738
Enewetak is an isolated atoll in the northwest corner of the Marshall Islands, in the Pacific Ocean.
5739 Enfield (pop. 249,100) is a borough within Greater London, England.
5740
Engels, Friedrich (1820-1895), was a German social scientist, journalist, and professional revolutionary.
5741 Engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical work.
5742 Engine analyser is an instrument used to determine the performance of parts of petrol and diesel
engines.
5743 Engineering is the profession that puts scientific knowledge to practical use.
5744 England is the largest of the four political divisions that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.
5745 English Channel is a body of water between England and France that connects the Atlantic Ocean and
the North Sea.
5746 English foxhound is one of the oldest breeds of hounds.
5747 English horn is a woodwind instrument.
5748 English language is the most widely spoken language in the world.
5749 English literature consists of the poetry, prose, and drama written in the English language by authors in
England, Scotland, and Wales.
5750 English setter is a popular dog because of its handsome face and sleek coat.
5751 English springer spaniel is a sporting dog that forces game to spring from hiding places.
5752 English toy terrier is a dog which was originally bred for ratting.
5753 Engraving is a process of cutting a design or picture into a flat metal plate.
5754 Ensor, James (1860-1949), was a Belgian painter and printmaker.
5755 Entail is an estate that descends to certain heirs, rather than to all the heirs.
5756 Entebbe (pop. 32,488) is a major city in Uganda, a nation in eastern Africa.
5757 Entomology is a major branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects.
5758 Entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system.
5759 Envelope is a piece of folded, sealed paper.
5760 Environment is everything that is external to an organism.
5761 Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways that human activity harms the natural
environment.
5762 Enzyme is a protein molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in all living things.
5763 Ephedrine is a drug used to treat asthma.
5764 Ephesians, Epistle to the, is the 10th book of the New Testament.
5765
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city that stood about 56 kilometres south of modern-day Izmir, Turkey.
5766 Epic is a long narrative poem.
5767 Epictetus (A.D. 50?-138?), was a Greek Stoic philosopher.
5768 Epicurus (342?-270 B.C.), was a Greek philosopher.
5769 Epidaurus is the site of several ancient Greek ruins, including a famous outdoor theatre.
5770 Epidemic is an outbreak of disease which attacks many people at about the same time.
5771 Epigram is a short, witty poem or pointed saying.
5772
Epilepsy is any one of a group of disorders of brain function characterized by sudden, recurrent attacks.
5773 Epiphany is a Christian festival.
5774
Epiphyte, also called air plant, is any plant that grows on another plant but manufactures its own food.
5775 Episcopal Church is a Christian denomination in the United States.
5776 Episcopal Church, Scottish, is the Anglican church in Scotland, governed by bishops.
5777 Epistle can refer to any letter written to an individual or a group.
5778 Epitaph is a memorial inscription on a tombstone or other monument to the dead.
5779 Epithelioma is any tumour of the epithelium, the tissue that lines the body cavities and covers the body
surface and the internal organs.
5780
Epithelium is one of the major kinds of tissue formed in the bodies of human beings and some animals.
5781 Epping Forest (pop. 113,100) is a residential area and local government district in southwestern Essex,
England.
5782
Epsom and Ewell (pop. 66,000) is a residential area and local government district in Surrey, England.
5783
Epstein, Sir Jacob (1880-1959), was an American-born sculptor who spent most of his life in London.
5784 Epstein-Barr virus is a virus that causes several important diseases in human beings.
5785 Equator is the great circle of the earth that lies halfway between the North and South poles.
5786 Equatorial Guinea is a small country in western Africa.
5787 Equestrian order was a class of prominent citizens in ancient Rome.
5788 Equilibrium, Chemical, is a state of balance that is reached when chemical reactions have apparently
stopped.
5789 Equinox is either of the two days of the year when the sun is directly above the earth's equator.
5790
Equity, in law, is a set of rules that was originally developed to overcome inflexibility in court decisions.
5791
Erasmus, Desiderius (1466?-1536), was a Dutch priest and scholar who sought to reform the church.
5792 Eratosthenes (276?-195? B.C.) was a Greek mathematician.
5793 Erbium (chemical symbol, Er), is one of the rare earth metals.
5794 Erewash (pop. 104,400) is a borough and local government district in Derbyshire, England.
5795 Ergot is a parasitic fungus that attacks wheat, barley, rye, and many wild and cultivated grasses.
5796
Erhard, Ludwig (1897-1977), served as chancellor of West Germany (now Germany) from 1963 to 1966.
5797 Eri, Vincent (1936-1995), a leading public servant in Papua New Guinea, became the first Papua New
Guinean to publish a novel in the English language.
5798 Eric the Red (A.D. 950?-1000?) was a Viking explorer who colonized Greenland.
5799 Ericson, Leif (A.D. 980?-1025?), was a Norse explorer who led what was probably the first European
expedition to the mainland of North America.
5800 Ericsson, John (1803-1889), was a Swedish-born American engineer.
5801 Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the United States.
5802 Erigena, Johannes Scotus (810?-877?), an Irish philosopher and theologian, became famous for his
great learning.
5803 Eritrea is a small country on the northeast coast of Africa.
5804
Ern Malley was the pen name used by two Australian poets, James McAuley and Harold Stewart, in a
series of poems they wrote to test the literary value of a surrealist movement of the early 1940's.
5805 Ernst, Max (1891-1976), was a German artist associated with the development of the dada and
surrealist movements.
5806 Eros is the name popularly given to the statue of a winged youth with a bow that stands in Piccadilly
Circus, in London.
5807 Erosion is a natural process by which rock and soil are broken loose from the earth's surface at one
location and moved to another.
5808 Erskine, John (1879-1951), an American graphic novelist, gained popularity in the 1920's as the author
of comic novels about legendary characters.
5809
Ervine, St. John (1883-1971), an Irish novelist and dramatist, is best known for his novel, Mrs. Martin's
Man (1914), and the plays Mixed Marriage (1911), Anthony and Anna (1926), and Robert's Wife (1937).
5810 Erysipelas is a skin infection that chiefly affects infants, young children, and elderly people.
5811 Erythema is an abnormal flushing or redness of the skin.
5812 Erythromycin is an antibiotic used in treating a variety of bacterial infections.
5813 Esau was the son of Isaac and Rebecca, and the elder twin brother of Jacob in the Bible.
5814 Escalator is a moving stairway that transports people from one floor or level to another.
5815 Escorial is an enormous building about 48 kilometres from Madrid, Spain.
5816
Escrow is cash, a document, or other property given to one person for delivery to someone else when a
certain condition is met. The holder of the property is called the escrow agent or escrow holder.
5817 Esdraelon, Plain of, is a large fertile plain in northern Israel.
5818 Eshkol, Levi, (1895-1969), helped found the state of Israel and served as prime minister from 1963 until
his death.
5819 Espalier is a method of training a fruit tree or shrub to grow into a definite pattern on a trellis, on a lattice,
or against a wall.
5820 Esperance Bay is a large area of cultivated former heathland in the southeast plains of Western
Australia.
5821 Esperanto is the most widely used international language.
5822 Espionage is the act of spying on a country, organization, movement, or person.
5823 Essay is a short, nonfictional composition that presents the writer's opinion or analysis of a particular
subject.
5824 Essen (pop. 619,991) is a city in western Germany.
5825 Essenes were members of a Jewish sect living in Palestine from about 150 B.C. to A.D. 68.
5826 Essex is a county in southeastern England.
5827 Essex, Earl of, was the title held by two English noblemen who became famous as soldiers.
5828 Esson, Louis (1879-1943), did much to develop drama in Australia--both as a playwright and as a
promoter of repertory theatre.
5829 Establishment refers to the relationship in the United Kingdom between the state and the Church of
England and Church of Scotland.
5830 Estate is a legal term that refers to a person's total property.
5831 Estates-General, often called States-General, was the French representative assembly from 1302 to
1789.
5832 Ester is any of an important group of organic (carbon-containing) compounds.
5833 Estes, Eleanor (1906-1988), an American children's author, based most of her plots on her childhood
experiences in a small town.
5834 Estevanico (1500?-1539), also called Esteban, was a black slave from Morocco who became one of the
first explorers of the southwestern United States.
5835 Esther, Book of, a book of the Bible, tells the story of Esther, a young Jewish woman, during the reign of
Persian King Ahasuerus.
5836 Estonia is a European nation that regained its independence in 1991, after more than 50 years of forced
annexation to the Soviet Union.
5837 Estournelles de Constant, Paul Henri d' (1852-1924), Baron d'Estournelles, was a French diplomat,
political leader, and author.
5838 Estrada, Joseph Ejercito (1937-...), became vice-president of the Philippines in 1992, and is also
chairman of the presidential Anti-Crime Commission.
5839 Etching is a process of creating a design or picture on a metal plate with the use of acid.
5840 Ethane is an important industrial gas.
5841 Ether, in chemistry, is a colourless, highly flammable liquid with a strong, sweet smell.
5842 Ether, in physics, was once believed to be a substance that filled all space.
5843 Etherege, Sir George (1634?-1691), was an English playwright.
5844
Ethics, or moral philosophy, is the study of human actions in respect to their being right or wrong.
5845 Ethiopia is a country in northeastern Africa.
5846 Ethnic group is a group of people with characteristics in common that distinguish them from most other
people of the same society.
5847 Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is the best and most natural.
5848
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology that produces scientific descriptions of contemporary cultures.
5849 Ethology is the branch of zoology that deals with animal instincts.
5850 Ethylene, an organic gas, is one of the world's most important industrial chemicals.
5851 Etiquette is a code of behaviour that helps people get on with one another.
5852 Eton College is the largest and most famous of the group of English private secondary schools called
public schools.
5853 Eton wall game is a ball game played only by boys at Eton College.
5854 Etruscans were a people who lived in Etruria (present-day Tuscany, Umbria, and Latium) in Italy.
5855 Ettrick and Lauderdale (pop. 33,939) was a local government district in Scotland until 1996, when
Borders Region became the unitary authority of Borders.
5856 Etude is a short musical composition.
5857 Etymology is the study of the origin and development of words.
5858
Eucalypt forests make up the majority of the woodland and forest areas of the Australian continent.
5859 Eucalypts or eucalyptus are the most common type of trees in Australia.
5860 Eucalyptus oil is obtained from eucalyptus leaves.
5861 Euclid (330?-270? B.C.), a Greek mathematician, is often called the father of geometry.
5862 Eugene III (?-1153), was elected pope in 1145.
5863 Eugene IV (1383-1447), was elected pope in 1431.
5864 Eugenics is a method that aims at improving the human race by selection of parents based on their
inherited characteristics.
5865 Eugenie Marie de Montijo (1826-1920), became empress of France as the wife of Napoleon III. She
married Napoleon in 1853, soon after the Second Empire was proclaimed.
5866 Euglena is a genus (group) of microscopic, one-celled organisms.
5867 Eulenspiegel, Till, was a practical joker whose pranks became a favourite subject of writers and
musicians.
5868 Euler, Leonhard (1707-1783), a Swiss mathematician, became famous for his great output of original
mathematics, and for the wide range of subjects he covered.
5869 Euphrates River is the longest river in southwestern Asia.
5870 Eureka Stockade was the best-known incident in the quarrel in Australia between the government of
Victoria and the gold miners of Ballarat.
5871 Euripides (about 480-406 B.C.), was the third of the three great writers of Greek tragedy.
5872 Eurodollar is a U.S. dollar held by individuals or banks outside of the United States.
5873
Europa, in Greek mythology, was the beautiful daughter of Agenor, king of the city of Tyre in Phoenicia.
5874 Europe is the birthplace of Western civilization.
5875 Europe, Council of, is an international organization of nations that seeks to promote closer unity among
its members in order to achieve economic and social progress.
5876 European Community (EC) is the former name of a group of European nations now called the European
Union.
5877 European Court of Human Rights is an organ of the Council of Europe.
5878 European Economic Area (EEA) agreement came into force on Jan. 1, 1994, creating the world's largest
free trade area of 372 million consumers.
5879 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a trade organization of four European nations.
5880 European Monetary System (EMS) is an organization set up by 10 European nations to stabilize their
exchange rates.
5881 European Space Agency (ESA) promotes a cooperative space programme among the nations of
Western Europe.
5882 European Union (EU), formerly known as the European Community (EC), is an organization of European
countries that promotes economic and political cooperation among its members.
5883 Europium (chemical symbol, Eu) is one of the rare-earth metals.
5884 Eurydice, in Greek mythology, was a tree nymph loved by Orpheus, a legendary Greek musician.
5885 Eustachian tube, also called auditory tube, is a canal (passage) about 3.8 centimetres long, made of
bone and cartilage, and lined with mucous membrane.
5886 Euthanasia is the practice of painlessly ending the lives of people who have incurable, painful, or
distressing diseases or handicaps.
5887 Eutrophication is a process that affects lakes and other bodies of water.
5888 Evangeline is a long narrative poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
5889 Evans, Sir Arthur John (1851-1941), a British archaeologist, became known for the excavations he
began on the island of Crete in 1893.
5890 Evans, Dame Edith (1888-1976), was one of the most celebrated actresses of her time.
5891 Evans, George William (1780-1852), an explorer and surveyor, opened up many valuable areas of land
in New South Wales, Australia, during the early 1800's.
5892 Evans, Sir Geraint (1922-1992), was a Welsh baritone whose fine voice and dramatic ability brought him
international success as an opera singer.
5893 Evans, Godfrey (1920-...), one of the greatest wicketkeepers.
5894 Evans, Maurice (1901-1989), was an English-born actor and theatrical manager.
5895 Evans, Oliver (1755-1819), an American engineer, inventor, and manufacturer, built what was probably
the first self-propelled land vehicle in the United States (see CAR [History of the car]).
5896 Evans, Robley Dunglison (1846-1912), was an American naval officer known as Fighting Bob.
5897 Evans, Walker (1903-1975), was an American photographer best known for his pictures of Southern
sharecroppers of the 1930's.
5898
Evaporated milk is whole sweet milk from which about 60 per cent of the water has been removed.
5899 Evaporation is the conversion of a liquid or solid to a gas.
5900 Evatt, Herbert Vere (1894-1965), was an Australian statesman, politician, and lawyer who gained a
worldwide reputation for his approach to world politics.
5901 Evelyn, John (1620-1706), an English writer, became famous for his diary, a private account of his life
that he kept from 1641 until the year he died.
5902 Evening primrose is any one of 80 species of wild flowers native to the Americas, especially North
America.
5903 Evening star is an informal name for the planet Venus when it is visible as a brilliant object in the
western sky after sunset.
5904 Everglades is one of the most interesting and unusual swamp areas in the world.
5905 Evergreen is a plant that remains green throughout the year.
5906
Evert, Chris (1954-...), is an American tennis champion and one of the top women players in the world.
5907 Evesham, Battle of (1265), was fought between Simon de Montfort and Prince Edward, son of King
Henry III of England.
5908 Eviction is a legal process that deprives a tenant of the use of leased or rented premises, such as a
home or an office.
5909 Evidence is information that tends to prove or disprove a fact in question.
5910 Evil eye is the supposed power to harm people or their possessions by merely looking at them.
5911 Evolution is a process of change over a long period.
5912 Ex post facto is a Latin term meaning from what is done afterwards.
5913 Excalibur was the sword of King Arthur, a legendary British ruler of medieval times.
5914
Exchange rate is the price of one nation's currency expressed in terms of another country's currency.
5915 Exchequer is a department in the Treasury of the United Kingdom.
5916 Excise is a tax on the manufacture, sale, or use of goods or services levied by governments.
5917 Exclamation mark is a punctuation mark shown as ! at the end of a sentence.
5918 Excommunication is the most severe penalty that a religious body can impose on a member.
5919 Executor is a person who is named in a will to carry out the provisions of the will.
5920 Exeter (pop. 101,100) is a city in southern Devon, England.
5921 Exeter, Marquess of (1905-1981), David George Brownlow Cecil, became a famous British amateur
athlete.
5922 Exile is banishment from one's own land.
5923 Existentialism is a philosophical movement that developed on the continent of Europe during the 1800's
and 1900's.
5924
Exmoor is a large area of hilly moorland on the northern coast of Devon and Somerset in England.
5925 Exobiology is the branch of biology that specializes in the search for and study of life elsewhere in the
universe.
5926 Exodus is the second book of the Bible.
5927 Exorcism is the act of breaking the power of the Devil or other evil spirits that influence or control a
person.
5928 Expansion is an increase in the size of a body without the addition of material to the body.
5929 Exploration Exploration is one of the oldest and most widespread of human activities.
5930
Explosive is a material that produces a rapid, violent reaction when acted upon by heat or a strong blow.
5931 Exports and imports are the articles shipped out of and into a country.
5932 Expressionism was an art movement that flourished in the early 1900's.
5933 Extinct animal. A species of animal becomes extinct when every one of its kind has died.
5934 Extortion is the attempt to obtain money or property by threatening to physically harm a person, injure a
person's property or reputation, or accuse a person of a crime.
5935 Extract is a concentrated preparation of certain substances obtained from plants, herbs, flowers, or
animal tissues.
5936 Extradition is the handing over by one state or country to another of persons accused of crimes.
5937 Extrasensory perception, usually abbreviated to ESP, describes a way of communicating or of being
aware of something without using the known senses.
5938 Extraterrestrial intelligence is intelligent life that developed somewhere other than the earth.
5939 Extraterritoriality is a legal term for the privilege granted to some people living in foreign countries.
5940 Extrovert, when used nontechnically, means a sociable person who makes friends easily.
5941 Extrusion is the process of shaping a piece of solid material, such as steel, by forcing it through an
opening.
5942 Eye is the organ of sight.
5943 Eye bank is a nonprofit agency through which eyes removed shortly after death are distributed to
specially trained surgeons.
5944 Eyre, Edward John (1815-1901), became famous for his exploration of Australia.
5945 Eyre Peninsula lies between the Great Australian Bight and Spencer Gulf in South Australia.
5946 Eysenck, Hans (1916-1997), was a leading British psychologist.
5947 Ezekiel, Book of, is a book of the Bible named after a Hebrew prophet.
5948 Ezra, Book of, is a book of the Bible.
5949 F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet.
5950 Faber, Eberhard (1822-1879), a Bavarian-born American businessman, built the first mass-production
pencil factory in the United States.
5951 Faberge, Peter Carl (1846-1920), was a Russian goldsmith and jeweller who won international fame for
his design of decorative objects.
5952
Fabianism, a socialist movement, began in 1884 with the formation of the Fabian Society in London.
5953 Fable is a brief fictitious story that teaches a moral.
5954
Fabre, Jean Henri Casimir (1823-1915), a French naturalist, spent his life observing insects and spiders.
5955 Face is the front part of a person's head.
5956 Facey, Albert (1894-1982), an Australian, became a best-selling, prizewinning author when his
autobiography, A Fortunate Life, was published in 1981.
5957 Facsimile, often called fax, is a way of transmitting text and pictures over telephone lines.
5958
Factor. The factors of a number are the numbers that when multiplied together give the original number.
5959 Factory is a building or group of buildings in which products are manufactured.
5960 Factory acts protect people who work in British factories.
5961 Fadden, Sir Arthur (1895-1973), an Australian politician, was prime minister of Australia from August to
October 1941.
5962 Fadiman, Clifton (1904-...), became well known in the United States as master of ceremonies for several
radio and television programmes.
5963 Fafnir, in Scandinavian mythology, was a man who turned himself into a dragon.
5964 Fahd (1923-...), became king and prime minister of Saudi Arabia in 1982, following the death of his halfbrother
King Khalid.
5965 Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel (1686-1736), a German physicist, developed the Fahrenheit temperature
scale.
5966 Faience is a kind of earthenware.
5967 Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness.
5968 Fair is an event held for the presenting or viewing of exhibits, or for recreation.
5969 Fair-trade laws were designed to allow manufacturers or distributors of goods to set a minimum resale
price, preventing large retail stores from undercutting the price of other shops.
5970 Fairbanks, Douglas, Sr. (1883-1939), was an American film actor who became famous for his acrobatic
acting in adventure films.
5971 Fairbanks, Douglas, Jr. (1909-...), is an American film actor.
5972 Fairbanks, Thaddeus (1796-1886), an American, invented the platform scale in 1831.
5973 Fairbridge, Kingsley (1885-1924), founded the Fairbridge farming schools in Australia.
5974 Fairchild, David Grandison (1869-1954), an American botanist and explorer, brought more than 200,000
species of plants to the United States.
5975
Fairchild, Sherman Mills (1896-1971), an American inventor and businessman, was called the "father of
aerial mapping photography." He invented many cameras and an automatic photoengraver.
5976
Fairfax was the name of two leaders, father and son, of the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
5977
Fairfax, a well-known Sydney family, has contributed greatly to the Australian publishing industry.
5978 Fairweather, Ian (1891-1974), an Australian artist, was known as a wandering painter of subjects in Bali,
India, China, and the islands of the South Pacific.
5979 Fairy is an imaginary creature that appears in the folklore of western Europe.
5980 Fairy penguin, also called little blue penguin, is the smallest species (kind) of penguin found off the
southern coasts of Australia and New Zealand.
5981 Faisal, also spelled Feisal, is the name of two kings of Iraq, grandfather and grandson.
5982 Faisal, also spelled Feisal (1906?-1975), was king of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975.
5983 Faiz Ahmad Faiz (1911-1984), was the leading Pakistani Urdu poet of the 1900's.
5984 Fakir is a Muslim or Hindu man who practises extreme self-denial as part of his religion.
5985 Falange Espanola, also called Spanish Phalanx, was the only legal political party in Spain under dictator
Francisco Franco.
5986 Falcon is a type of bird closely related to hawks.
5987 Falconry, once the "sport of kings," is the art of training falcons, hawks, or eagles to hunt game.
5988 Faldo, Nicholas Alexander (1957-...) is a British golfer.
5989 Falkirk (pop. 139,038) is a local government area in central Scotland.
5990 Falkland Islands are a dependency of the United Kingdom (UK) in the Commonwealth of Nations.
5991
Fall line is a line or zone where waterfalls occur on a series of roughly parallel rivers (see WATERFALL).
5992 Falla, Manuel de (1876-1946), was a Spanish composer who gained international recognition for his
success in developing a modern Spanish style of music.
5993 Fallacy is an error in reasoning.
5994 Falling bodies, Law of. Several laws, or rules, tell what an object does when it is allowed to fall to the
ground without anything stopping it.
5995 Fallopian tube, also called oviduct or uterine tube, is either of a pair of female reproductive organs
through which eggs from the ovaries pass to the uterus.
5996 Fallout is radioactive material that settles over the earth's surface following a nuclear explosion in the
atmosphere.
5997 Falstaff, one of the best-known characters in the plays of the English playwright William Shakespeare,
appears in the two parts of Henry IV and in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
5998 Famechon, Johnny (1945-...), won the Australian featherweight boxing title in 1964 and the world
featherweight title in 1969, when he outpointed (scored more points than) Jose Legra in London.
5999 Family, in biology, is a unit of scientific classification.
6000 Family is one of the oldest and most common human institutions.
6001 Famine is a prolonged food shortage that causes widespread hunger and death.
6002 Fan. Long ago, people learned they could make themselves feel cooler on hot days by waving a leaf
through the air and creating an artificial breeze.
6003 Faneuil, Peter (1700-1743), a merchant of Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., built Faneuil Hall for the city
as a public market and meeting place.
6004 Fanon, Frantz Omar (1925-1961), was a political theorist who became a leader of Algeria's struggle to
gain independence from France.
6005 Fantasia is an instrumental musical composition that has no fixed form or style.
6006 Far East is a term that is sometimes used for the easternmost part of Asia.
6007 Farad is a unit used to measure electrical capacitance.
6008 Faraday, Michael (1791-1867), one of the greatest English chemists and physicists, discovered the
principle of electromagnetic induction in 1831 (see ELECTROMAGNETISM).
6009 Fareham (pop. 54,866), is a market town in Hampshire, England.
6010 Fargo, William George (1818-1881), was a partner in the American gold rush express company of Wells,
Fargo & Company (see WELLS, FARGO & COMPANY).
6011 Farjeon, Eleanor (1881-1965), was a British author who became famous for her stories and poems for
children.
6012 Farm Cove is a bay on the southern side of Sydney Harbour, near Sydney Opera House, in New South
Wales, Australia.
6013 Farmer, Fannie Merritt (1857-1915), was an American cookery expert.
6014 Farnaby, Giles (1560?-1640), was an English composer.
6015 Farne Islands are a group of 25 to 30 small islands off the coast of Northumberland, northeastern
England.
6016 Farnese Bull is a famous group sculpture that portrays an episode in Greek mythology.
6017
Farnsworth, Philo Taylor (1906-1971), an American inventor, was a pioneer in television technology.
6018 Faroe Islands, also spelled Faeroe and Foroyar, are a group of 18 islands and some reefs in the North
Atlantic Ocean.
6019 Farquhar, George (1678-1707), is a transitional figure in the history of English drama.
6020
Farrar, Frederic William (1831-1903), an English clergyman and schoolmaster, is best remembered as
the author of Eric, or Little by Little (1858), an edifying story of a boy's school life.
6021 Farrar, Geraldine (1882-1967), an American soprano, enjoyed a brilliant career in opera and on the
concert stage.
6022 Farrell, James T. (1904-1979), was an American writer best known for his novels about lower middleclass
life in a decaying neighbourhood of a large city.
6023 Farrer, William (1845-1906), became known as the father of the Australian wheat industry because of his
pioneering work in breeding new varieties of wheat.
6024 Farthing was a coin of the lowest value in British currency.
6025 Faruk I (1920-1965), also spelled Farouk, was the last king of Egypt.
6026 Fasces were a symbol of power in the days of the Roman Republic, of the Roman Empire, and, later, of
Benito Mussolini's Fascist government in Italy.
6027 Fascism is a form of government headed, in most cases, by a dictator.
6028
Fashion is a term commonly used to describe a style of clothing worn by most of the people of a country.
6029 Fast is abstinence from food, or certain kinds of food, for a period of time.
6030 Fat is any of a group of chemical compounds found in both animals and plants.
6031 Fat hen is a tall weed related to beets and spinach.
6032 Fatalism is the belief that events are determined by forces that human beings cannot control.
6033 Fates were three goddesses who ruled people's lives.
6034 Father's Day is a day on which the people of many countries express gratitude and appreciation for their
fathers by giving them gifts or greetings cards.
6035 Fathom is a unit of length used to measure ropes or cables and the depth of water.
6036 Fathometer is an instrument used on ships to measure the depth of water.
6037 Fatigue is another name for tiredness.
6038 Fatima (605?-633), was the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and the wife of Ali.
6039 Fatima (pop. 3,464), is a town in west-central Portugal and the site of a famous religious shrine.
6040 Fatimah, Hajjah (?-...?), a Malay woman, built the Hajjah Fatimah Mosque in Singapore between 1845
and 1846.
6041 Fatimah Hashim (1924-...), was a leader of the women's section of the United Malays National
Organization (UMNO), the main political party of Malaysia.
6042 Fatimid dynasty was a line of Muslim caliphs (rulers) who held power from A.D. 909 to 1171.
6043 Faulkner, Brian (1921-1977), was prime minister of Northern Ireland from 1971 until the position was
suspended in March 1972.
6044 Faulkner, William (1897-1962), ranks among the leading authors in American literature.
6045 Faun was a half-human and half-animal spirit of the woods and herds in Roman mythology.
6046
Fauna is the name given to the animal life of a certain part of the world or of a certain period of time.
6047 Faure, Gabriel Urbain (1845-1924), was a French composer.
6048 Faust, also called Faustus, was a German astrologer and magician who became an important figure in
legend and literature.
6049 Fauves were a group of French artists who painted in a style that emphasized intense colour and rapid,
vigorous brushstrokes.
6050 Favenc, Ernest (1846-1908), was a British-born Australian explorer and author.
6051 Fawcett, Percy Harrison (1867-1925?), was an Englishman who explored the jungles of Brazil.
6052 Fawkes, Guy (1570-1606), was a member of the group of conspirators who plotted to blow up King
James I of Great Britain and his Protestant Parliament on Nov. 5, 1605.
6053 Fawkner, John Pascoe (1792-1869), an Australian pioneer, was a cofounder of Melbourne.
6054 Feasts and festivals are special times of celebration.
6055 Feather is one of the light, thin growths that cover a bird's body.
6056 Feather, Lord (1908-1976), Victor Grayson Hardie Feather, was General Secretary of Britain's Trades
Union Congress (TUC) from 1969 until 1973.
6057 Feather-tail gliders, also known as pygmy gliders, are the smallest marsupials able to make gliding
flights.
6058 February is the second month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost
all countries of the world today.
6059 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the chief investigating branch of the United States Department of
Justice.
6060 Federal district is a tract of land that a country sets apart as the seat of its national capital.
6061 Federalism is a system in which political power is divided between a central (national) government and
smaller governmental units.
6062 Federation of Australia dates from 1901, when the six Australian colonies became states of the
Commonwealth of Australia.
6063 Federation wheat was a popular wheat variety bred in Australia between 1894 and 1901 by William
Farrer.
6064 Feed is a term for food given to farm animals.
6065 Fegen, Fogarty (1891-1940), an Australian sailor, was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross (see
VICTORIA CROSS) during World War II (1939-1945).
6066 Feininger, Lyonel (1871-1956), was an American painter whose works combine qualities of cubism and
expressionism.
6067 Feldspar is any of the most abundant group of minerals on the surface of the earth.
6068 Fellini, Federico (1920-1993), was a famous Italian film director.
6069 Fels, Samuel Simeon (1860-1950), was an American civic leader, industrialist, and philanthropist.
6070 Felt is a fabric made of wool fibres or animal hair matted together by steam and pressure.
6071 Feminism is the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.
6072 Fencing is the art and sport of swordsmanship using blunted weapons.
6073 Fenech, Jeffrey (1964-...), became the first Australian boxer to win three world titles.
6074 Fenech Adami, Eddie (1934-...), a leader of the Maltese Nationalist Party, became prime minister of
Malta after his party won the general election of 1987.
6075 Fenelon, Francois de Salignac de la Mothe- (1651-1715), was a French author and a Roman Catholic
archbishop, known for his advanced political, social, and educational ideas.
6076 Fenian movement was a struggle by Irish nationalists to free Ireland from English rule.
6077 Fenland (pop. 72,900), is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England.
6078 Fennec is a small fox that lives in the deserts of North Africa and Arabia.
6079 Fennel is a herb related to parsley.
6080 Fens are a low-lying region of land in England, extending west and south of The Wash as far as
Cambridge.
6081 Fenton, James (1820-1901), was an Irish-born pioneer and historian in Tasmania, Australia.
6082 Fer-de-lance is one of the largest and deadliest of the poisonous snakes.
6083 Ferber, Edna (1885-1968), an American novelist and playwright, wrote many books about the colourful
life of America in the 1800's.
6084 Ferdinand II (1578-1637), ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1619 until his death.
6085 Ferdinand III (1608-1657), ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1637 until his death.
6086 Ferdinand V (1452-1516), ruled what is now Spain and helped unify the country.
6087 Ferguson, Harry (1884-1960), was an Irish engineer and inventor.
6088 Ferguson, Sir John (1881-1969), combined a distinguished legal career with a keen interest in
bibliography.
6089 Fermanagh is the most westerly of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
6090 Fermat, Pierre de (1601-1665), a French mathematician, won fame for his work on the theory of
numbers or integers.
6091 Fermentation is a chemical process that breaks down organic materials.
6092 Fermi, Enrico (1901-1954), an Italian-born American physicist, designed the first atomic pile and
produced the first nuclear chain reaction in 1942.
6093 Fermion is any member of a certain class of atomic and subatomic particles.
6094 Fermium is an artificially created radioactive element.
6095 Fern is a green, nonflowering plant that grows in most parts of the world.
6096 Fernan, Marcelo Briones (1927-...), a distinguished Filipino lawyer, became chief justice of the Philippine
Supreme Court in 1988.
6097 Ferret is a small, active mammal that belongs to the weasel family.
6098 Ferrier, Kathleen (1912-1953), was an English contralto who sang opera, oratorio, and lieder (German
art songs) with equal distinction.
6099
Ferris wheel is an entertainment device used at fairs, carnivals, and amusement and theme parks.
6100 Ferrous sulphate is a substance that occurs in light-green crystals.
6101 Ferry is a boat used to carry persons, vehicles, and freight across narrow bodies of water.
6102 Fertile Crescent was a crescent-shaped region in southwest Asia.
6103 Fertilization is the process by which male and female sex cells unite to form a new individual.
6104 Fertilizer is a substance that is added to soil to help plants grow.
6105 Fescue is the name of a group of grasses that grow mostly in the temperate regions of the Northern
Hemisphere.
6106 Fetish is an object that supposedly has magic powers.
6107 Feud is a long and sometimes murderous conflict between individuals, families, or groups.
6108 Feudalism is the general term used to describe the political and military system of western Europe
during the Middle Ages.
6109 Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (1804-1872), was a German philosopher.
6110 Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is raised to a higher than normal level.
6111 Feverfew is a low, hardy plant that requires little attention.
6112 Feynman, Richard Phillips (1918-1988), of the United States, shared the 1965 Nobel Prize for physics
with Julian S. Schwinger and Sin-itiro Tomonaga.
6113
Fez, also spelled Fes (pop. 769,014), is the religious centre of Morocco and one of its traditional capitals.
6114 Fez is a tall, red, brimless cap with a coloured tassel of silk or wool.
6115 Fianna Fail is the largest political party in the Republic of Ireland.
6116 Fiat, in government, is an executive order or decree that requires obedience but is not a law.
6117 Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib, (1867-1928), was a Danish bacteriologist.
6118 Fibonacci, Leonardo (1175?-1240?), was an Italian mathematician who helped introduce the Hindu-
Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) into western Europe.
6119 Fibre is a hairlike strand of a substance that is extremely long in relation to its width.
6120 Fibre optics is a branch of physics based on the transmission of light through transparent fibres of glass
or plastic.
6121 Fibreboard is a building material made of wood or other plant fibres pressed into sheets.
6122 Fibreglass, also called fibrous glass, is glass in the form of fine fibres (threads).
6123 Fibrin is a white, fibrous protein substance that makes up the most important part of a blood clot.
6124 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762-1814), was a German philosopher.
6125 Fiction is a story created from an author's imagination.
6126 Fiddleback spiders are venomous spiders native to the Mediterranean region.
6127 Fiddler crab is a burrowing animal that lives along sandy or muddy beaches and salt marshes in tropical
and temperate regions.
6128 Fiedler, Arthur (1894-1979), conducted the Boston Pops Orchestra from 1930 to 1979.
6129 Field is the name of an American family that became prominent in merchandising, publishing, and
philanthropy.
6130 Field, Barron (1786-1846), an English-born judge and critic, brought out the first book of poetry ever
published in Australia, First Fruits of Australian Poetry, in 1819.
6131 Field, John (1782-1837), was an Irish-born composer and pianist who won international fame in Europe
for his delicate romantic pieces known as nocturnes.
6132 Field names may describe the shape of fields, their quality, or their location.
6133 Field spaniel is a gundog.
6134 Fielding, Henry (1707-1754), an English author, wrote The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749),
one of the world's great novels.
6135 Fields, Dame Gracie (1898-1979), an English actress and singer, won fame as a stage and film star in
the music hall tradition.
6136 Fields, W. C. (1879-1946), was an American film comedian.
6137 Fife is a small woodwind instrument that belongs to the flute family.
6138 Fife is a local government area lying on the east coast of central Scotland between the Firth of Tay and
the Firth of Forth.
6139
Fifth column refers to undercover agents operating within the ranks of an enemy to undermine its cause.
6140 Fifty-Four Forty or Fight was a slogan used during a boundary dispute between the United States and
Great Britain.
6141 Fig is a fruit that has been cultivated for more than 4,000 years.
6142 Fightingfish is a small, quarrelsome fish that lives in the waters around the Malay Archipelago.
6143 Figure of speech is the use of words in certain conventional patterns of thought and expression.
6144 Figwort family, also called Scrophulariaceae, is a group of about 3,000 species of herbs, shrubs, and
small trees.
6145 Fiji is a country in the South Pacific Ocean.
6146 Filaria is a long threadlike roundworm that lives as a parasite in the bodies of human beings and
animals.
6147
Filene, Edward Albert (1860-1937), an American merchant, pioneered in improving retail distribution.
6148 Filbert is the name for both the nut and the plant of a group of trees and shrubs closely related to the
birches.
6149 Filibustering is the practice by which a minority in a legislature uses extended debate to block or delay
action on a proposed bill.
6150 Fillmore, Millard (1800-1874), was president of the United States from 1850 to 1853.
6151
Film industry is the art and business of making films, also known as movies, motion pictures, or cinema.
6152 Filmstrip is a related series of still pictures on 35 mm film.
6153 Filter is a device that removes unwanted quantities from the flow of liquids or gases, or from the
transmission of electric currents, beams of light, or sound waves.
6154 Finance company is a firm that loans money to people who promise to repay the loan with interest over a
specified period of time.
6155 Finch is a general term applied to any small seed-eating songbird.
6156 Finch, Peter (1916-1977), an Australian actor, won an Academy Award after his death in 1977 for the
role he had played in Network.
6157 Finch, Robert Hutchison (1925-1995), was United States secretary of health, education, and welfare
(HEW) under President Richard M. Nixon in 1969 and 1970.
6158 Fine is a payment of money ordered by a court from a person who has been found guilty of violating a
law.
6159 Fine arts are concerned with making beautiful objects, or with producing or performing works that appeal
to a person's aesthetic tastes.
6160 Fine Gael is one of the chief political parties in the Republic of Ireland.
6161
Finger painting is a method of painting pictures using the fingers, hands, and arms to apply the paint.
6162 Fingerprinting is a process of identification based on the impressions made by the ends of the fingers
and thumbs.
6163
Fingleton, Jack (1908-1981), was a New South Wales cricketer and opening batsman for Australia.
6164 Finland is a country in northern Europe famous for its scenic beauty.
6165 Finlay, Carlos Juan (1833-1915), a Cuban doctor, was the first person to report evidence that yellow
fever might be transmitted by the bite of the Stegomyia mosquito (Aedes aegypti).
6166 Finn MacCool was leader of the Fianna, an Irish band of warriors who appear in the Fenian cycle of
ancient Irish tales.
6167 Finney, Albert (1936-...), a British actor and director of plays and films, achieved his first success in the
realistic drama of the 1950's and 1960's.
6168
Finney, Charles Grandison (1792-1875), was a Presbyterian and Congregationalist revival preacher.
6169 Finnian of Clonard, Saint (?-549), helped develop the early Church in Ireland.
6170
Finnish spitz is a strong, sturdy dog related to the Siberian husky, the Samoyed, and other Arctic dogs.
6171 Fiord, also spelled fjord, is a long, narrow, winding inlet or arm of the sea.
6172
Fir is the common name for about 50 species (kinds) of evergreen trees that belong to the pine family.
6173 Firdausi, also called Firdusi (940?-1020?), means the Heavenly One.
6174 Fire. The earliest use people made of fire was to keep warm.
6175 Fire ant is any of several species of ants that inflict painful, burning stings.
6176 Fire extinguisher is a metal container filled with water or chemicals used to put out fires.
6177 Fire marks are metal plates that British insurance companies used to put on buildings that they insured
against fire.
6178 Fire prevention is a term for the many safety measures used to keep harmful fires from starting.
6179 Fire worship is an ancient religious practice based on the idea that fire is sacred.
6180 Firearm is any weapon that uses gunpowder to fire a bullet or shell.
6181 Fireball is a meteor that burns brightly as it plunges through the earth's atmosphere.
6182 Firecracker flower is a perennial plant of the amaryllis family.
6183 Firefighting is one of the most important emergency services in a community.
6184 Firefly is any member of one particular family of soft-bodied beetles known for producing glowing or
flashing light.
6185 Fireproofing is the popular name for the coatings and methods used to protect paper, plastic, textiles,
wood, and other materials against fire.
6186 Fires of London destroyed large areas of London in 1666 and in 1940.
6187 Fireweed, also called willow herb, is an erect plant that thrives in the North Temperate Zone.
6188 Fireworks are combinations of gunpowder and other ingredients that explode with loud noises and
colourful sparks and flames when they burn.
6189 First aid is the immediate care given to a victim of an accident, sudden illness, or other medical
emergency.
6190 First Fleet brought the first convicts from Britain to Australia in 1788.
6191 Firth is a deep, narrow arm of the sea.
6192 Firth of Clyde is the broad, irregularly shaped mouth of the River Clyde in southwestern Scotland.
6193 Firth of Forth is the large mouth of the River Forth on the east coast of Scotland.
6194 Fischer, Emil (1852-1919), a German chemist, won the 1902 Nobel Prize for chemistry for his wide
research.
6195 Fischer, Hans (1881-1945), a German biochemist, received the 1930 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his
work on the composition of the colouring matter in leaves and blood.
6196 Fischer, Timothy Andrew (1946-...), became Australia's deputy prime minister, and minister for trade, in
1996.
6197 Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich (1925-...), a German baritone, is one of the finest singers of lieder (German art
songs) of his time (see LIEDER).
6198 Fish are vertebrates (backboned animals) that live in water.
6199 Fisher, Andrew (1862-1928), was prime minister of Australia three times--in 1908 and 1909, from 1910
to 1913, and in 1914 and 1915.
6200 Fisher, Carl Graham (1874-1939), was an American financier and motor racing enthusiast.
6201 Fisher, Dorothy Canfield (1879-1958), an American novelist, became noted for her stories about the
problems of normal married couples and of children.
6202 Fisher, Geoffrey Francis (1887-1972), Baron Fisher of Lambeth, was archbishop of Canterbury and
primate of all England from 1945 until 1961.
6203 Fisher, H. A. L. (1865-1940), was a British historian, politician, and educationist.
6204 Fisher, Irving (1867-1947), was an American mathematical economist and monetary reformer.
6205 Fisher, John Arbuthnot (1841-1920), was a British admiral.
6206 Fisher, Saint John (1469?-1535), was a Roman Catholic bishop of Rochester, England.
6207 Fisher, Sir Ronald (1890-1962), a British statistician and geneticist, developed statistical methods on
which much modern research and experiment are based.
6208 Fisher, Sylvia (1910-...), an Australian soprano, became a principal singer at the Royal Opera House,
Covent Garden, in London.
6209 Fisher's ghost is the subject of an Australian legend dating from the 1820's.
6210 Fishery is an area which supplies abundant fish for commercial purposes.
6211 Fishing is one of the most popular forms of recreation.
6212
Fishing industry is an important economic activity that provides food and jobs for millions of people.
6213 Fisk, Sir Ernest (1896-1965), a radio engineer, received the first direct wireless message between
England and Australia in 1918.
6214 Fission, in physics, is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two nearly equal parts.
6215 Fistula is a deep, sometimes twisting, passage developing abnormally in the body.
6216 Fitch, John (1743-1798), was an American inventor and metal craftsman.
6217 Fitt, Gerard (1926-...), Lord Fitt of Bell's Hill, was an independent Socialist politician.
6218 FitzGerald, Edward (1809-1883), was an English writer famous for his translation of the Rubaiyat, a long
poetic work by the Persian poet of the 1200's, Omar Khayyam.
6219 Fitzgerald, Ella (1918-1996), ranks among the best and most popular jazz singers of all time.
6220 Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1896-1940), was the leading writer of America's Jazz Age, the Roaring Twenties,
and one of its glittering heroes.
6221 FitzGerald, Garret (1926-...), was Taoiseach (prime minister) of the Republic of Ireland from December
1982 until March 1987, when he lost an election.
6222 Fitzgerald, R. D. (1902-1987), a leading Australian poet, wrote poetry concerned mainly with the nature
of human existence.
6223 Fitzpatrick, Sir Charles (1853-1942), served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1906
to 1918.
6224 Fitzroy is the name of three Australian rivers.
6225 Fitzroy, Robert (1805-1865), was a British naval officer, meteorologist, and oceanographer.
6226
Fitzsimmons, Bob (1863-1917), held the world's heavyweight boxing championship from 1897 to 1899.
6227 Five Towns is an area in the county of Staffordshire, England, that forms the setting for many of the
novels of Arnold Bennett (see BENNETT, ARNOLD).
6228 Five-year plan is a programme to increase the economic and social development of a country over a fiveyear
period.
6229 Fives is a simple ball game for two players.
6230 Fixed star is an expression often used in referring to the stars, because their places in the sky relative to
one another do not seem to change.
6231 Flag. A flag may represent a nation, person, or organization; it may symbolize a belief or idea; or it may
transmit information.
6232 Flag of truce is a plain white flag used by opposing sides on a battlefield when they want to discuss
peace terms.
6233 Flageolet is a small woodwind instrument that belongs to the flute family.
6234 Flagstad, Kirsten (1895-1962), a Norwegian operatic soprano, became famous as an interpreter of the
heroines in the operas of Richard Wagner.
6235 Flaherty, Robert Joseph (1884-1951), was a pioneer American filmmaker.
6236 Flail is a hand implement used to thresh small grain crops such as wheat, barley, and oats.
6237 Flame test is a way of identifying a chemical element by the colour of the light it gives off when held in a
flame.
6238 Flame thrower is a weapon of war that shoots a stream of burning fuel in much the same way that a fire
hose squirts water.
6239 Flame tree is one of Australia's most colourful trees.
6240 Flamenco is a type of dance and music first performed by the Gypsies of southern Spain.
6241 Flamingo is a bird known for its long, stiltlike legs and curved bill and neck.
6242 Flammarion, Camille (1842-1925), a Frenchman, was one of the most imaginative and colourful writers
of science books.
6243 Flanders is a part of northern Europe that was a separate political unit until modern times.
6244 Flanders, Ralph Edward (1880-1970), was an American politician, businessman, and author.
6245 Flannel is a soft, warm fabric.
6246 Flannel flowers grow in many parts of Australia and New Zealand.
6247 Flat-coated retriever is considered a gamekeeper's dog in Great Britain.
6248 Flatboat is a large, raftlike barge used to haul freight and passengers.
6249 Flatfish is a name given to several saltwater fish.
6250 Flatfoot is an inherited condition in which the long arch of the foot appears to be flat or collapsed.
6251 Flatley, Michael (1958-...), is an American dancer and concert flautist.
6252 Flatworm is a kind of worm.
6253 Flaubert, Gustave (1821-1880), was a French writer whose novels contain some of the most vivid and
lifelike characters and descriptions in literature.
6254 Flax is a plant grown for its fibre and seed.
6255 Flaxman, John (1755-1826), a British designer and sculptor, is best known for his delicate and graceful
designs for Wedgwood pottery.
6256 Flea is a small, wingless insect that lives on mammals and birds, and sucks blood for food.
6257 Fleabane, also known by its scientific name Erigeron, is the name of over 200 kinds of plants of the
daisy family.
6258 Fleay, David (1907-...), an Australian zoologist, was the first person to breed a platypus in captivity, in
1943, and the first person to milk a taipan (see TAIPAN) to produce an antivenene (an antitoxin used to
counteract snake venom) in 1950.
6259 Flecker, James Elroy (1884-1915), was a British poet and dramatist.
6260 Fleet Prison, an historic London jail, took its name from its location near Fleet stream.
6261
Fleet Street is the London street that is identified with the national press of the United Kingdom (UK).
6262 Fleming, Sir Alexander (1881-1955), was a British bacteriologist at St. Mary's Hospital, part of the
University of London.
6263 Fleming, Ian Lancaster (1908-1964), an English novelist, became one of the most popular authors of the
mid-1900's.
6264 Fleming, Sir John Ambrose (1849-1945), a British electrical engineer, won fame for his invention of the
thermionic radio valve.
6265
Fleming, Sir Sandford (1827-1915), a Canadian civil engineer, built the Intercolonial Railway across
Canada and made surveys for the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway (now CP Rail).
6266 Flemings are a group of people who live in northern Belgium.
6267 Flemming, Arthur Sherwood (1905-1996), a United States politician, was secretary of health, education,
and welfare under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1958 to 1961.
6268 Flesh is the name given to the soft tissues or parts of the body of human beings and of most animals
with backbones.
6269 Fletcher, Giles (1588?-1623), an English poet, wrote Christ's Victorie and Triumph (1610), an epic poem
in the style of Edmund Spenser (see SPENSER, EDMUND).
6270 Fletcher, John (1579-1625), was an English playwright.
6271 Fleur-de-lis is a French name that literally means flower of the lily, but actually refers to the iris.
6272 Flinders, Matthew (1774-1814), was a British navigator who charted and explored large areas of the
Australian coastline.
6273 Flinders Island is the largest of the Furneaux group, in Bass Strait, off the northeastern coast of
Tasmania.
6274
Flinders Range, in South Australia, stretches northward from Port Augusta to beyond Leigh Creek.
6275 Flinders River is the longest river in Queensland, Australia.
6276 Flint is a hard mineral that ranges in colour from brown to dark grey to black.
6277 Flintlock was a firing mechanism used in pistols, muskets, and other firearms from about 1620 to the mid-
1800's.
6278 Flintshire is a United Kingdom local government area in North Wales.
6279 Flood is a body of water that covers normally dry land.
6280 Flooring is the general name given to all materials used to cover floors.
6281 Flora is the name given to the plant life of a particular part of the world or period of time.
6282
Florence (pop. 403,294) is an Italian city that became famous as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
6283 Flores Island (pop. 4,367), famed for its abundant foliage, is the westernmost island of the Portuguese
Azores.
6284 Florey, Lord (1898-1968), a British bacteriologist, helped develop with Ernst Chain the antibiotic penicillin
(see ANTIBIOTIC; PENICILLIN).
6285 Floriculture is the art, science, and business of growing and caring for ornamental plants.
6286 Florida is the southernmost state on the mainland of the United States.
6287
Florida Keys are a group of small islands or reefs that are part of southern Florida, U.S.A. They stretch in
a curved line about 240 kilometres long from Biscayne Bay southwest into the Gulf of Mexico.
6288 Florin is a type of coin first made in the Italian city of Florence in 1252.
6289 Florist is a merchant who sells cut flowers and pot plants.
6290 Flotation process is used to separate valuable minerals from each other or from other minerals with
which they are mixed.
6291 Flotsam, jetsam, and lagan are terms used to describe goods in the sea.
6292 Flounder is the name of a group of saltwater flatfish.
6293 Flour is a powdery food made by grinding grain.
6294 Flour beetle is any of several small, reddish, flattened beetles that breed in flour, meal, and other grain
products.
6295 Flower is a blossom, or an entire plant that is known for its blossoms.
6296 Flowering maple or abutilon is the common name for about 90 kinds of herbs and shrubs that grow in
temperate regions of Africa, Asia, and North and South America.
6297 Flowering tobacco or nicotiana is the name of several annual and perennial plants in the nightshade
family.
6298 Flowerpecker is a perching bird that lives from southern Asia to the Philippines and from Australia
eastward to the Solomon Islands.
6299 Flugelhorn is a brass musical instrument that resembles a large cornet and has the same general range
of about 21/2 octaves.
6300 Fluid is any substance that flows easily.
6301 Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids--liquids and gases--behave at rest and in motion.
6302 Fluke is any one of a large group of parasitic flatworms (see FLATWORM).
6303 Fluorescence is a process by which a variety of substances give off light or another form of
electromagnetic radiation when they absorb energy.
6304 Fluorescent lamp is a tube-shaped electric light that has widespread use in factories, offices, and
schools.
6305
Fluoridation is the addition of chemicals called fluorides to water supplies to help teeth resist decay.
6306 Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F. At ordinary temperatures, it is a pale yellow gas.
6307 Fluorocarbon is any of a group of synthetic organic compounds that contain fluorine and carbon.
6308 Fluoroscopy is a diagnostic medical procedure that uses X rays.
6309 Fluorspar, also called fluorite or fluor, is a common mineral composed of calcium and fluorine.
6310 Flute is a woodwind instrument that serves as a soprano voice in many bands, orchestras, and
woodwind groups.
6311
Flux, in chemistry, is any substance that lowers the melting point of a substance to which it is added.
6312 Fly is an insect with one pair of well-developed wings.
6313 Fly is the largest river in New Guinea.
6314 Flycatcher is the name of four different groups of birds.
6315 Flying Doctor Service is an unusual medical service that originated in Australia.
6316 Flying dragon is the name commonly given to the so-called flying lizards of southeastern Asia and the
East Indies.
6317 Flying Dutchman is a ghost ship in folklore.
6318 Flying fox is a kind of large bat, not a fox.
6319 Flying lemur, or colugo, is a common mammal of Southeast Asia.
6320 Flying Pieman was the nickname of William Francis King (1807-1874), a colourful character who lived in
old Sydney.
6321 Flying squirrel is a squirrel that can glide through the air.
6322 Flyingfish is a type of fish that throws itself from the water with the motion of its strong tail.
6323 Flynn, Errol (1909-1959), an Australian-born American actor, became famous for his roles as a
swashbuckling hero of adventure films.
6324 Flynn, John (1880-1951), was an Australian Presbyterian minister who gained worldwide fame for his
work with the Australian Inland Mission and the Royal Flying Doctor Service.
6325 Flywheel is a heavy wheel attached to the shaft of an engine to keep its speed nearly constant.
6326 Foch, Ferdinand (1851-1929), a French military leader, was acclaimed by many as the greatest Allied
general of World War I (1914-1918).
6327 Fodder is a coarse food fed to farm animals.
6328 Foehn is a warm, dry wind that blows down a mountainside.
6329 Fog is a collection of tiny water droplets that float in the air.
6330
Fokine, Michel (1880-1942), was a great Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (dance composer).
6331
Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard (1890-1939), was a Dutch engineer, pilot, and aircraft manufacturer.
6332 Folger Shakespeare Library, in Washington, D.C., houses one of the most important collections of books
on British civilization from about 1485 to 1715.
6333 Folio is the name printers and publishers use for a sheet of paper folded once, making four pages, front
and back.
6334 Folk dancing is the traditional form of dancing of a nation or ethnic group.
6335 Folk music consists of people's traditional songs or tunes.
6336
Folklore is any of the beliefs, customs, and traditions that people pass on from generation to generation.
6337 Follies are buildings and monuments of various kinds, generally erected purely as decorations.
6338 Folsom point, a type of prehistoric spearhead, was the first evidence that human beings lived in North
America during the Ice Age.
6339 Fonda, Henry (1905-1982), was an American stage and film actor.
6340 Fonda, Jane (1937-...), is an American film actress.
6341 Fontainebleau (pop. 15,679), a small city in northern France, is famous for a magnificent chateau
(castle) that stands in a nearby forest.
6342 Fontane, Theodor (1819-1898), a German author, became known for his realistic and critical novels
about Prussian society during the 1800's.
6343 Fontanne, Lynn (1887-1983), was an American actress.
6344 Fonteyn, Dame Margot (1919-1991), is generally considered to have been the greatest British ballerina
of all time.
6345 Food is one of our most basic needs.
6346 Food, Frozen. Freezing is one of the best ways to preserve foods.
6347 Food additive is any chemical that food manufacturers intentionally add to one of their products.
6348 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
6349 Food poisoning results from eating food that has been contaminated by bacteria or chemicals or that is
poisonous in itself.
6350
Food preservation is the term used to describe any process used to slow the normal decay of food.
6351 Food supply is the total amount of food available to all the people in the world.
6352 Foot is the name of three brothers who became British politicians.
6353 Foot is the structure at the end of the leg, on which humans and some animals stand.
6354 Foot is a unit of length in the inch-pound system of measurement customarily used in many Englishspeaking
countries.
6355 Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease of animals.
6356 Foot-candle is a unit of measurement of illumination, the amount of light that falls on an object.
6357 Foot-pound is a unit of work and energy in the customary, or English, system of measurement.
6358 Football, American, is an exciting team sport played chiefly in the United States and Canada.
6359 Football, Association, is the world's most popular sport.
6360 Football pools are a popular form of gambling in the United Kingdom.
6361 Footnote is a note printed in small type at the bottom of a page.
6362 Footprinting is a system of identification similar to fingerprinting.
6363 Forbes (pop. 7,552), is a town on the Lachlan River in New South Wales, Australia.
6364 Forbes, Esther (1891-1967), was an American author.
6365 Forbes, Sir Francis (1784-1841), was the first chief justice of New South Wales, Australia, from 1823 to
1837, and therefore responsible for ensuring that any legislation was consistent with the principles of
British law.
6366 Forbes, George (1869-1947), was the prime minister of New Zealand in 1930 as leader of the United
Party and also in 1931 during the coalition administration that followed the election.
6367 Force is any cause that changes the motion or the shape of an object.
6368 Ford is a place where a stream or river can be crossed.
6369 Ford, Ford Madox (1873-1939), was an English author of complex and symbolic novels which show the
influence of the psychological novels of Henry James.
6370 Ford, Gerald Rudolph (1913-...), was president of the United States from 1974 to 1977.
6371 Ford, Henry (1863-1947), was a leading American manufacturer of cars in the early 1900's.
6372 Ford, Henry, II (1917-1987), was an American car manufacturer who reorganized the Ford Motor
Company during the 1940's and rescued it from near bankruptcy.
6373 Ford, John (1586-1639?), was an English dramatist.
6374
Ford, John (1895-1973), an American film director, was the first to win Academy Awards for four films.
6375 Ford, William (1852-1932), with Arthur Bayley, discovered 8,505 grams of alluvial gold at Coolgardie,
Western Australia, in June 1892.
6376 Ford Motor Company ranks as one of the giants of world industry.
6377 Forde, Francis (1890-1983), an Australian politician, was prime minister of Australia from July 6 to July
12, 1945.
6378 Fordyce, Bruce (1955-...), a South African long distance runner, became one of his country's greatest
athletes.
6379 Foreign Legion is one of the world's most colourful and gallant fighting forces.
6380
Foreign service is the main organization through which a country's international affairs are conducted.
6381 Foreordination is the belief that every event is foreordained, or decreed beforehand, by God.
6382 Forest is a large area of land covered with trees.
6383 Forest Heath (pop. 57,200), a local government district in Suffolk, England, includes the famous horseracing
town of Newmarket.
6384 Forest of Dean (pop. 74,200), is a local government district in western Gloucestershire, England, which
includes the Forest of Dean National Forest Park.
6385 Forest products have long provided people with food, shelter, clothing, and fuel.
6386 Forester, Cecil Scott (1899-1966), was an English novelist who won fame for his fictional creation of
Horatio Hornblower, a British naval hero of the 1800's.
6387 Forestry is the science of managing forest resources for human benefit.
6388 Forfeiture is a legal punishment or penalty by which a person who is guilty of wrongdoing or who has
breached a contract or condition loses some right or possession.
6389 Forgery is deliberately tampering with a written paper for the purpose of deceit or fraud.
6390 Forget-me-not is a plant that belongs to the borage family.
6391 Forging is a process in which metal is shaped by being heated and then hammered or pressed.
6392 Formaldehyde is a colourless toxic gas.
6393 Formby, George (1904-1961), a British comedian, began his career in music hall and later won fame
through films and radio.
6394 Formic acid is an important industrial chemical.
6395 Forrest is the family name of two brothers, born in Australia, who did much for Australian exploration and
politics.
6396 Forssmann, Werner (1904-1979), a German surgeon and urologist, shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for
medicine for his work on cardiac catheterization.
6397 Forster, E. M. (1879-1970), was an English novelist, essayist, and literary critic.
6398 Forster, William Edward (1818-1886), was a Liberal politician who did much to make education available
to all in the United Kingdom.
6399 Forsythe, William (1949-...), is an American dancer and choreographer.
6400 Forsythia is one of several species of shrubs that belong to the olive family.
6401 Fort-de-France (pop. 99,844), is the capital of Martinique, an island in the West Indies that is an
overseas department of France.
6402 Fort Dearborn was built near the mouth of the Chicago River, close to the site of the present Michigan
Avenue Bridge in Chicago.
6403 Fort Denison was built on an island in Sydney Harbour, Australia, between 1841 and 1857.
6404 Fort Knox, Kentucky, U.S.A., houses the United States Army Armor Center.
6405 Fort Sumter was the first Union fort captured by the Confederates during the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
6406 Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain in New York, U.S.A., was an important stronghold during the
American Revolution.
6407 Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A. (pop. 447,619; met. area pop. 1,332,053), is a major industrial city and one of
America's chief aircraft producers.
6408 Fortaleza (pop. 648,815; met. area pop. 1,581,588), is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil.
6409 Forth is one of the main rivers of Scotland.
6410 Fortuna was the goddess of luck in Roman mythology.
6411 Fortunetelling is the practice of predicting future events by methods generally considered illogical and
unscientific.
6412
Forty-Niner was a gold-seeker who rushed to California, U.S.A., after gold was discovered there in 1848.
6413 Forum, Roman, was the section of ancient Rome that served as the centre of government.
6414 Foscolo, Ugo (1778-1827), was an Italian author.
6415 Fossey, Dian (1932-1985), was an American zoologist who studied the mountain gorillas of the Virunga
Mountains in east-central Africa.
6416 Fossil is the mark or remains of a plant or animal that lived thousands or millions of years ago.
6417 Foster, Stephen Collins (1826-1864), was one of America's best-loved songwriters.
6418 Foster parent is a person who provides a home for one or more children who are not legally members of
his or her family.
6419 Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon (1819-1868), a French physicist, used a revolving mirror to measure the
speed of light.
6420 Foundation Day is an annual public holiday in Western Australia.
6421 Foundry is a plant where workers make moulded metal products called castings.
6422 Fountain is a jet or stream of water that rises naturally or artificially as a result of pressure.
6423 Fountain of Youth was an imaginary spring.
6424 Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are beings mentioned in the sixth chapter of the last book of the New
Testament of the Bible, The Revelation of St. John the Divine.
6425
Four Masters were four Irish scholars who, in the early 1600's, compiled manuscripts on Irish history.
6426 Four-o'clock, also called the marvel-of-Peru, is an attractive perennial (plant that lives for more than one
year) from tropical America.
6427 Fourier, Charles (1772-1837), was an important French socialist.
6428
Fourth dimension. We usually think of space as having three dimensions: length, width, and height.
6429 Fourth estate is a name sometimes given to the newspaper profession in England.
6430 Foveaux Strait separates Stewart Island from South Island in New Zealand.
6431
Fowler is the family name of two brothers who became lexicographers (dictionary makers) and writers.
6432 Fowler, Henry Hamill (1908-...), served as United States (U.S.) secretary of the treasury from 1965 to
1968 under President Lyndon B. Johnson.
6433 Fowler, Sir John (1817-1898), a British engineer, built with Sir Benjamin Baker the Forth Rail Bridge, in
Scotland.
6434
Fowler, Sir Norman (1938-...), an English politician, became chairman of the Conservative party in 1992.
6435 Fox is a bushy-tailed, sharp-snouted member of the dog family.
6436 Fox, Charles James (1749-1806), an English statesman and speaker, was a friend of the American
Colonies in their fight for freedom from Britain.
6437 Fox, George (1624-1691), an English religious leader, founded the Society of Friends, or Quakers, in
about 1647.
6438 Fox, John William, Jr. (1863-1919), was an American author who wrote novels about the Cumberland
mountaineers of Kentucky.
6439 Fox, Sir William (1812-1893), was four times premier of New Zealand.
6440
Fox hunting, also called riding to hounds, is a sport that originated in England in about the middle 1700's.
6441 Fox Talbot, William Henry (1800-1877), was a British scientist who invented the negative-positive
system in photography.
6442 Fox trot is a ballroom dance that first became popular in the United States in about 1914.
6443
Foxe, John (1516-1587), an English Puritan teacher, was the author of the Book of Martyrs (1563).
6444 Foxglove is the name for a group of plants native to Europe, northern Africa, and western and central
Asia.
6445 Foxhound is a medium-sized hound.
6446 Fra Angelico (1400?-1455), was an Italian painter.
6447 Fractal is a complex geometric figure made up of patterns that repeat themselves at increasingly smaller
scales.
6448 Fraction is a part of something.
6449 Fracture is a broken bone.
6450 Fragmentation is the breaking of any material into small pieces.
6451 Fragonard, Jean Honore (1732-1806), was a French artist who painted in the delicate, decorative style
known as rococo.
6452 Frame, Janet (1924-...), a New Zealand writer, gained an international reputation as a novelist.
6453 Frampton, Sir George (1860-1928), was a British sculptor.
6454 Franc is the standard coin of France.
6455 France is the largest country of Western Europe in area.
6456 France, Anatole (1844-1924), was the pen name of Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault, a French
novelist and critic.
6457 Francescatti, Zino (1905-1991), a French violinist, became noted for his concert performances in Europe
and America.
6458 Franchise is a type of business agreement.
6459 Francis was the name of two kings who ruled France in the 1500's.
6460 Francis II (1768-1835), was the last Holy Roman emperor.
6461
Francis, Dick (1920-...), is a British author of mystery novels, most with horse-racing backgrounds.
6462 Francis de Sales, Saint (1567-1622), was a French nobleman.
6463 Francis Joseph (1830-1916), also spelled Franz Josef, was the aged ruler of the dual monarchy of
Austria-Hungary at the beginning of World War I (1914-1918).
6464 Francis of Assisi, Saint (1181?-1226), founded the Franciscan religious order of the Roman Catholic
Church.
6465 Franciscans are members of a variety of Roman Catholic religious orders that take their inspiration and
rule (programme of life) from Saint Francis of Assisi.
6466 Francium is a radioactive element produced in certain nuclear reactions.
6467 Franck, Cesar (1822-1890), was a French composer, organist, and teacher.
6468 Franck, James (1882-1964), was a German scientist.
6469 Franco, Francisco (1892-1975), was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975.
6470 Franco-Prussian War began in 1870 as a result of a dispute between France and Prussia, a German
state.
6471 Frank, Anne (1929-1945), a German-Jewish girl, wrote a vivid, tender diary while hiding from the Nazis
during World War II.
6472 Frank, Ilya M. (1908-1990), a Russian theoretical physicist, shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for physics with
P. A. Cherenkov and I. Y. Tamm.
6473 Frankenstein is a famous horror novel written by the English author Mary Shelley.
6474 Frankenthaler, Helen (1928-...), an American artist, is a leading abstract expressionist painter.
6475 Frankfurt (pop. 644,865), is the transportation hub of Germany.
6476 Frankincense is a fragrant gum resin obtained from certain trees that grow in Africa and Asia.
6477 Frankland, Sir Edward (1825-1899), was an English chemist.
6478 Frankland, George (1800-1838), a surveyor general, explored and mapped Tasmania's river systems
and studied the island's plants and animals.
6479 Franklin, Lady (1792-1875), was the wife of the governor of Tasmania and Arctic explorer Sir John
Franklin (see FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN).
6480 Franklin, Aretha (1942-...), an American rhythm and blues singer, ranks among the best-selling female
artists in the history of recorded music.
6481 Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790), was an American writer, publisher, public servant, scientist,
philanthropist, and diplomat.
6482 Franklin, Sir John (1786-1847), pioneered English exploration in the Arctic area.
6483 Franklin, Miles (1879-1954), an Australian author, gained a major reputation as a novelist of the
countryside.
6484 Franklin, Rosalind (1920-1958), was a British chemist and molecular biologist.
6485 Franklin River is a river in southwestern Tasmania, Australia.
6486 Franks were members of a confederation of Germanic peoples that attacked the Roman Empire
beginning in the A.D. 200's.
6487 Franz Josef Land is a group of about 85 islands in the Arctic Ocean, north of Novaya Zemlya.
6488 Fraser, Dawn (1937-...), an Australian swimmer, won three successive gold medals in the women's 100-
metre free-style race at the Olympic Games.
6489 Fraser, Malcolm (1930-...), served as prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983.
6490 Fraser, Neale (1933-...), an outstanding Australian tennis player, won the United States Open in 1959
and 1960, and the Wimbledon singles title in 1960.
6491 Fraser, Peter (1884-1950), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1940 to 1948.
6492 Fraser Island, also called Great Sandy Island, is the largest sand island in the world.
6493 Fraser of the North Cape, Lord (1888-1981), Bruce Austin Fraser, commanded British fleets in World
War II.
6494 Frater, William (1890-1974), was a pioneer of post-impressionist painting in Australia.
6495 Fraud is an intentional untruth or a dishonest scheme used to take deliberate and unfair advantage of
another person or group of persons.
6496
Frazer, Sir James George (1854-1941), a Scottish anthropologist, wrote the famous Golden Bough.
6497 Frederick I (1121?-1190), called Barbarossa or Red Beard, succeeded his uncle Conrad III as king of
Germany in 1152.
6498 Frederick II (1194-1250), called Stupor Mundi (The Amazement of the World), was one of the most
brilliant rulers of the Middle Ages.
6499 Frederick II (1712-1786), the third king of Prussia, became known as Frederick the Great.
6500 Frederick III (1831-1888), the only son of Wilhelm I, became king of Prussia and German emperor in
1888.
6501 Frederick William (1620-1688), often called the Great Elector, ruled the German state of Brandenburg
from 1640 to 1688.
6502 Frederick William I (1688-1740), served as king of Prussia from 1713 until his death.
6503 Frederik, also spelled Frederick, is the name of two kings of Denmark who were members of the House
of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg.
6504 Free Churches are Protestant Christian Churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland that are distinct
from the established Anglican Churches.
6505 Free city is an independent or nearly independent city-state with its own government.
6506
Free-piston engine, sometimes called a gasifier, generates hot gases usually used to run a turbine.
6507 Free ports are ports or airports through which goods may pass without attracting customs duties and
taxes.
6508 Free settlers were people who travelled to Australia of their own free will after 1793.
6509 Free State (FS) is a province in central South Africa.
6510 Free trade is the policy of permitting the people of a country to buy and sell where they please without
restrictions.
6511 Free verse is a style of poetry that does not follow traditional rules of poetry composition.
6512 Free will is a term for the free choice most of us assume we have in making decisions.
6513 Freedmen's Bureau was an agency created by the United States Congress to help the slaves freed at
the end of the American Civil War (1861-1865).
6514 Freedom is the ability to make choices and to carry them out.
6515 Freedom from Hunger is a worldwide information programme planned by the Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations.
6516
Freedom of religion is the right of a person to believe in and practise whatever faith he or she chooses.
6517 Freedom of speech is the right to speak out publicly or privately.
6518 Freedom of the press is the right to publish facts, ideas, and opinions without interference from the
government or from private groups.
6519 Freeling (pop. 827), is a town 60 kilometres northeast of Adelaide in South Australia, situated on the rail
connection between Gawler and Kapunda.
6520 Freesia is a fragrant, attractive plant belonging to the iris family.
6521 Freethinker is a person who refuses to accept the authority of a church or religious doctrine.
6522 Freetown (pop. 469,776), is the seaport capital of the West African country of Sierra Leone.
6523 Freeze-drying is a method of preserving substances by removing water from them.
6524 Freezing point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.
6525 Freight is manufactured goods or raw materials transported from one place to another.
6526 Frejus Tunnels are two tunnels--one a railway tunnel and the other a road tunnel--that connect the Italian
province of Turin with the French province of Savoy.
6527 Fremantle (pop. 23,838), is the third busiest port in Australia, after Sydney and Melbourne, and the chief
port of Western Australia.
6528 Fremont, John Charles (1813-1890), an American, sometimes called "The Pathfinder," explored much of
the area between the Rocky Mountains of North America and the Pacific Ocean.
6529 French, John Alexander (1914-1942), an Australian corporal, was awarded the Victoria Cross for heroic
action in World War II (1939-1945).
6530 French, John Denton Pinkstone (1852-1925), Earl of Ypres, a British army officer, commanded the first
units of British soldiers sent to France in World War I (1914-1918).
6531 French, Leonard (1928-...), an Australian painter and designer of stained glass, became widely
recognised for his monumental stained-glass ceiling in the Great Hall of the National Gallery of Victoria,
Melbourne, Australia.
6532 French, Percy (1854-1920), was an Irish singer and songwriter who created songs such as "Phil the
Fluther's Ball" (1889).
6533 French Academy is a French organization of intellectuals.
6534 French bulldog is a strong, heavy little dog.
6535 French cricket is a simple game in which the players need only a bat and a soft ball.
6536 French Equatorial Africa was a federation of four territories in central Africa that was administered by
France.
6537 French Guiana is an overseas department (administrative district) of France on the northeastern coast of
South America.
6538 French horn is a brass musical instrument.
6539 French language is the official language of France, its overseas territories, and associated states.
6540 French literature is one of the world's richest and most influential national literatures.
6541 French Polynesia is an overseas territory of France.
6542 French Revolution brought about great changes in the society and government of France.
6543 French Southern and Antarctic Territories are overseas possessions of France.
6544 French West Africa was a federation of eight territories in western Africa.
6545 French West Indies consists of several small islands at the eastern end of the Caribbean Sea.
6546 Freneau, Philip (1752-1832), was an American poet and journalist.
6547 Frequency band, also called waveband, is a range of radio frequencies set aside for a single
broadcasting station.
6548
Frequency modulation, usually called simply FM, is a method of sending sound signals on radio waves.
6549 Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward (1815-1884), a British colonial official, entered the Indian Civil Service in
1834.
6550 Fresco is a painting made on fresh plaster, using pigments mixed with water.
6551 Freud, Anna (1895-1982), was an Austrian-born leader in the field of child psychoanalysis, the treatment
of children's mental illnesses.
6552 Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939), was an Austrian doctor who revolutionized ideas on how the human mind
works.
6553 Frey, also called Freyr, was the god of agriculture and fertility in Norse mythology.
6554 Freyberg, Bernard (1889-1963), Baron Freyberg, was a British military commander in World Wars I
(1914-1918) and II (1939-1945).
6555 Freyja was the goddess of love and marriage in Norse mythology.
6556 Friar is the title applied to a member of one of the Roman Catholic religious orders of men who originally
lived as mendicants (beggars).
6557 Frick, Ford (1894-1978), an American, was national commissioner of United States baseball from 1951
to 1965.
6558 Fricker, Peter Racine (1920-1990), an English composer, used counterpoint and serial techniques, but
wrote music with a strong emotional impact.
6559
Friction is the property that objects have which makes them resist being moved across one another.
6560 Friday is the sixth day of the week.
6561 Friedan, Betty (1921-...), is considered the founder of the women's liberation movement in the United
States.
6562 Friendly society is a British organization that exists to provide financial benefits for its members.
6563 Friese-Greene, William (1855-1921), was an outstanding British inventor of photographic devices.
6564 Frietchie, Barbara, is the heroine of the American writer John Greenleaf Whittier's poem "Barbara
Frietchie" (1864).
6565 Frigate is a warship used for escort and patrol duty.
6566 Frigatebird is a sea bird with a large wingspread and unusually great powers of flight.
6567 Frilled lizard is a lizard of tropical northern Australia that grows to about 1 metre long.
6568 Friml, Rudolf (1879-1972), a Czech-born U.S. pianist and composer, was one of the most popular
composers of operettas of the early 1900's.
6569
Fringe tree is a small tree or large shrub named after its threadlike or fringelike white flower petals.
6570 Frink, Dame Elisabeth (1930-1993), was a British sculptor noted for the solidity and strength of her work
in bronze.
6571 Frisbee is a plastic, saucer-shaped disc that skims through the air when flipped with the hand.
6572 Frisch, Karl von (1886-1982), an Austrian zoologist, was a pioneer in the field of animal behaviour.
6573 Frisch, Max (1911-1991), was a Swiss author who became one of the leading writers in the Germanspeaking
world after World War II (1939-1945).
6574 Frisch, Ragnar (1895-1973), a Norwegian economist, shared the 1969 Nobel Prize for economics with
Jan Tinbergen of the Netherlands.
6575 Fritillary is the name given to a group of medium-sized orange and brown coloured butterflies.
6576 Fritillary is the common name for a genus (group) of herbs that belong to the lily family.
6577 Frobel, Friedrich Wilhelm August (1782-1852), was a German educator who founded the kindergarten
movement.
6578 Frobisher, Sir Martin (1535?-1594), was one of the first English navigators to search for a Northwest
Passage to India and the East.
6579 Frog is a small, tailless animal with bulging eyes.
6580 Froissart, Jean (1337?-1410?), a French poet and historian, wrote The Chronicles of France, England,
Scotland, and Spain.
6581 Fromm, Erich (1900-1980), was a German-born social psychoanalyst.
6582 Fronde was a revolt of nobles against the French monarchy.
6583 Frontenac, Comte de (1620-1698), was governor general of New France, the French empire in North
America, in the late 1600's.
6584 Frost is a pattern of ice crystals formed from water vapour on grass, windowpanes, and other exposed
surfaces near the ground.
6585 Frost, John (1784?-1877), a British radical, led the Chartist Movement in Wales.
6586 Frost, Robert Lee (1874-1963), became the most popular American poet of his time.
6587 Frostbite is an injury that results from exposure of the body to extreme cold.
6588 Fructose is a sugar produced by nearly all fruits and by many vegetables.
6589 Fruit is the part of a flowering plant that contains the plant's seeds.
6590 Fruit fly is any of several kinds of flies whose larvae eat their way through different fruits.
6591 Fry, Charles Burgess (1872-1956), was one of Britain's best all-round sportsmen.
6592 Fry, Christopher (1907-...), is an English playwright.
6593 Fry, Elizabeth Gurney (1780-1845), a British reformer, was among the first to insist that prisoners need
help rather than punishment in order to become good citizens.
6594 Fry, Franklin Clark (1900-1968), was one of America's most prominent Lutheran clergymen.
6595 Fry, Joseph (1728-1787), was a British doctor and businessman.
6596 Fuchs, Sir Vivian Ernest (1908-...), is a British geologist and Antarctic expert.
6597 Fuchsia is a widely cultivated house and garden plant.
6598 Fuel is a material that provides useful energy.
6599 Fuel cell is a device that produces electricity from a fuel and an oxidizer, a substance that combines with
the fuel.
6600 Fuel injection is a system for squirting fuel into the cylinders of petrol and diesel engines.
6601 Fuentes, Carlos (1928-...), is Mexico's best-known fiction writer and an important figure in Spanish-
American literature.
6602 Fugard, Athol (1932-...), is a South African playwright.
6603 Fugitive slave laws were laws that provided for the return of runaway slaves who escaped from one
American state to another.
6604 Fugue is a musical composition in which several voices or instruments repeat a number of melodies with
slight variations.
6605 Fukuoka (pop. 1,157,111), is an important commercial centre of the island of Kyushu, in Japan.
6606 Fulani are a people of the grassy regions of western Africa.
6607 Fulbright, J. William (1905-1995), a United States Senator, served as a Democrat in the U.S. Senate
from 1945 to 1974.
6608 Fulbright Scholarship is an award made by the United States government for research, teaching, or
graduate study.
6609 Fuller, Alfred Carl (1885-1973), founded the Fuller Brush Company.
6610 Fuller, Buckminster (1895-1983), was an American designer who sought to express the technology and
needs of modern life in buildings and enclosures of space.
6611 Fuller, Roy (1912-1991), was an English poet and author.
6612 Fuller's earth is a claylike material that bleaches and purifies fats and oils.
6613 Fulmar, an ocean bird, is one of the petrels.
6614 Fulton, Robert (1765-1815), an American inventor, civil engineer, and artist, is best known for designing
and building the first commercially successful steamboat.
6615 Fumarole is a hole or vent in the ground that gives off volcanic gases.
6616 Fumigation is a method of killing pests that involves the use of toxic gases.
6617 Funafuti (pop. 2,800), is the capital of Tuvalu, a small island country in the South Pacific Ocean.
6618 Funchal (pop. 99,244), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of the Madeira Islands.
6619 Fundamentalism is a broad movement within many religions.
6620 Funeral customs are special ceremonies performed after a person dies.
6621 Fungal disease. Many kinds of fungi live and feed on the tissues of living plants and animals (see
FUNGI).
6622
Fungi are organisms that lack chlorophyll, the green colouring matter that many plants use to make food.
6623 Fungicide is a chemical substance used to kill growths called fungi that are harmful to human beings and
plants.
6624 Funj Sultanate was a Muslim empire in what is now Sudan, in northeastern Africa.
6625 Funnel web spider is a type of venomous Australian spider whose bite can cause death to human
beings.
6626 Funny bone is not a bone, but a sensitive place at the bend of the elbow.
6627 Fur is the thick growth of hair that covers the skin of many kinds of animals.
6628 Furfural is a liquid chemical that is used in many industries.
6629 Furies were the terrible goddesses of vengeance in Roman mythology.
6630
Furlong is an English unit of measurement of length equal to 40 rods (220 yards), or about 200 metres.
6631 Furneaux, Tobias (1735-1781), a British naval officer and explorer, sailed around the world with the
explorer Samuel Wallis between 1766 and 1768.
6632 Furneaux Islands are a group of islands that lie at the eastern end of Bass Strait, between Tasmania and
the mainland of Australia.
6633 Furniture consists of chairs, tables, beds, and other pieces that provide comfort and convenience in our
homes, schools, and offices.
6634 Furphy, Joseph (1843-1912), was one of the most original novelists in Australia at a time when strongly
nationalistic themes were prevalent in literature.
6635 Furtseva, Ekaterina (1910-1974), was the first woman to serve on the Presidium of the Soviet Union's
Communist Party Central Committee.
6636 Furtwangler, Wilhelm (1886-1954), was a noted German musical conductor.
6637
Furze, a spiny shrub of the pea family, grows wild in Europe and is sometimes called gorse, or whin.
6638 Fuse is a device that protects an electric circuit against damage from excessive current.
6639 Fuse is a device used to cause an explosion.
6640 Fuseli, Henry (1741-1825), was a Swiss painter and art critic.
6641
Fusion, in physics, is the joining of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element.
6642 Futurism was an Italian art movement that flourished from 1909 to about 1916.
6643
Fuzhou (pop. 1,395,739), also spelled Foo-chow or Fu-chou, is the capital of Fujian Province in China.
6644 Fylde (pop. 70,100), is a local government district in western Lancashire, England.
6645 Fynbos is a general name given to a large group of shrubs and other plants that grow in the
southwestern and southern coastal areas of South Africa.
6646 Fyrd, in Anglo-Saxon England, was the body of fighting men recruited by each king to protect his
kingdom against invaders.
6647 Fysh, Sir Hudson (1895-1974), a leading Australian airman, helped found the Australian airline Qantas in
Winton, Queensland, in 1920.
6648 G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet.
6649 G is a symbol used to rate the forces that act on riders in any kind of vehicle, whether an aeroplane, a
spacecraft, or even a Ferris wheel.
6650 Gabardine is a fabric woven in such a way that it has diagonal lines of the yarn raised on one side of the
cloth.
6651 Gable, Clark (1901-1960), was a popular romantic star of American films.
6652 Gabo, Naum (1890-1977), was a Russian-born sculptor who created constructions of metals, plastics,
glass, and wire.
6653
Gabon is a small, heavily forested country that lies on the west coast of Africa, straddling the equator.
6654 Gabor, Dennis (1900-1979), a Hungarian-born engineer, invented holography, a method of making threedimensional
photographs.
6655 Gaborone (pop. 96,000), is the capital and largest city of Botswana.
6656 Gabriel was one of the archangels and a messenger of God.
6657 Gades, Antonio (1936-...), is a Spanish dancer and choreographer.
6658
Gadolinium is a silver-white metal of the rare-earth group of chemical elements (see RARE EARTH).
6659 Gadwall is a duck found in much of the Northern Hemisphere.
6660 Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA)--in Irish, Cumann Luthchleas Gael--organizes and promotes traditional
Irish games and pastimes.
6661 Gaelic games are a group of physically demanding, skilful sports that are popular in Ireland and in many
other parts of the world, wherever there is a large population of Irish people.
6662 Gaelic language belongs to the Celtic branch of the Indo-European family of languages.
6663 Gaelic literature includes all the writings in the Gaelic language.
6664 Gaels are members of the Goidelic (Gadhelic) branch of the Celtic-speaking peoples.
6665
Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich (1934-1968), a Soviet air force pilot, was the first human to travel in space.
6666 Gage, Thomas (1721-1787), a British general, gave the orders that resulted in the first battle of the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
6667 Gaia is the idea that the earth is a living organism which functions as a unified whole to regulate
conditions in the air, land, and water.
6668
Gaillardia is a type of flower that looks like a daisy with a dark-coloured disc and yellow or red rays.
6669 Gainsborough, Thomas (1727-1788), was one of the greatest British painters.
6670 Gair, Vincent (1902-1980), was parliamentary leader of the Democratic Labor Party in Australia from
1965 to 1973.
6671 Gairy, Sir Eric (1922-1997), was prime minister of Grenada from 1974 to 1979.
6672 Gaitskell, Hugh Todd Naylor (1906-1963), a British politician, became the leader of the United Kingdom's
Labour Party when Clement Attlee resigned in 1955.
6673 Gaius was a great Roman teacher and organizer of law who lived in the A.D. 100's.
6674 Gajah Mada (1300?-1364), a Javanese statesman, was the most outstanding chief minister of the
empire of Majapahit, based in eastern Java.
6675 Galago is a tree-dwelling African animal known for its ability to leap great distances among the
branches.
6676 Galah is a common pink and grey cockatoo of Australia.
6677 Galahad, Sir, was the noblest and most virtuous knight in the legends of King Arthur's Round Table in
medieval Britain.
6678 Galapagos Islands lie in the Pacific Ocean about 970 kilometres west of Ecuador, and belong to
Ecuador.
6679 Galatea was a beautiful sea nymph in Greek mythology.
6680 Galatia was a region in central Asia Minor, a region that is now central Turkey.
6681 Galatians, Epistle to the, is the ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible.
6682 Galaxy is a system of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity.
6683 Galbraith, John Kenneth (1908-...), is an American economist whose books sparked widespread interest
in economic issues.
6684 Galen (A.D. 129-about 210), became one of the most famous and influential doctors in the history of
medicine.
6685 Galena is the chief ore of lead.
6686 Galicia is a region that lies on the north slope of the Carpathian Mountains in southeastern Poland and
the western part of Ukraine.
6687 Galilee was the northernmost part of Palestine in Roman times.
6688 Galilee, Sea of, is a small freshwater lake in northern Israel (formerly Palestine).
6689 Galileo (1564-1642), an Italian astronomer and physicist, has been called the founder of modern
experimental science.
6690 Gall is an abnormal growth on plants, often seen as a rounded swelling.
6691 Gall bladder is a small pouch that stores bile.
6692 Galleon was at first an Italian armed merchant ship.
6693 Galley was a long, narrow, wooden warship.
6694 Gallienus (A.D. 218?-268), was a Roman emperor.
6695 Gallinule is the name of several species of small waterbirds that are related to coots and rails.
6696 Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga.
6697 Gallon is a unit of measurement used for liquids.
6698 Gallowglass was a type of Scottish foot soldier.
6699 Gallup, George Horace (1901-1984), an American statistician, specialized in public opinion and business
surveys.
6700 Galsworthy, John (1867-1933), a British novelist and playwright, won the Nobel Prize for literature in
1932.
6701 Galton, Sir Francis (1822-1911), a British scientist and cousin of Charles Darwin, became known for his
researches in meteorology, heredity, and anthropology.
6702 Galvani, Luigi (1737-1798), an Italian doctor and anatomist, discovered that electrical currents could
cause contractions in muscles and nerves.
6703 Galvanizing is the process of coating such metals as iron and steel with a thin protective layer of zinc or
zinc alloy.
6704 Galvanometer is a delicate instrument used chiefly to detect and measure small electric currents.
6705 Galway is the second-largest county in area in the Republic of Ireland.
6706 Galway (pop. 50,842), is the capital and administrative centre of the county of Galway, in the Republic of
Ireland.
6707 Galway, James (1939-...), is an Irish musician who has become one of the most famous flautists of his
time.
6708 Gamaliel was the name of six great ancient Jewish scholars who lived in Palestine.
6709 Gambetta, Leon Michel (1838-1882), was one of the founders of the Third Republic of France, and
served briefly as his country's premier.
6710 Gambia is one of the smallest independent countries in Africa.
6711 Gambling is betting on the outcome of a game, event, or chance happening.
6712
Game is the name given to most wild animals, especially those sought for the sport of hunting or fishing.
6713 Game is a mental or physical contest played according to rules.
6714 Game laws protect wild animals by regulating the conditions under which people are allowed to hunt
them.
6715 Game theory is a method of studying decision-making situations in which the choices of two or more
individuals or groups influence one another.
6716 Gamelan is a traditional Indonesian orchestra, mainly comprising percussion instruments, which are
played by striking them.
6717 Gamio, Manuel (1883-1960), was a Mexican anthropologist and archaeologist.
6718 Gamma globulin is one of the classes of proteins found in blood plasma.
6719 Gamma rays Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to X rays.
6720 Gamow, George (1904-1968), was a Russian-born physicist known for his contributions to many fields of
science.
6721 Ganda are the largest ethnic group in the African nation of Uganda.
6722 Gandhi, Indira (1917-1984), was the first woman prime minister of India.
6723
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948), was one of the foremost political leaders of the 1900's.
6724 Gandhi, Rajiv (1944-1991), was prime minister of India from 1984 to 1989.
6725 Gandon, James (1743?-1823), was a British architect who designed several important buildings in
England and Ireland.
6726 Ganges River is the greatest waterway in India and one of the largest in the world.
6727 Gangrene is the death of body tissues from lack of oxygen.
6728 Gannet is the name of three species of large seabirds.
6729 Ganymede was a handsome Trojan prince in Greek mythology.
6730 Ganz, Rudolph (1877-1972), was a Swiss-American pianist, composer, and conductor.
6731 Gap is a narrow valley or gorge cut by a stream across a ridge.
6732 Gar is a fierce, hungry fish that lives chiefly in freshwater lakes and large rivers.
6733 Garand rifle, also called the M1 rifle, is a .30-calibre, eight-shot semiautomatic weapon.
6734 Garbo, Greta (1905-1990), became one of the most famous actresses in film history.
6735 Garcia Lorca, Federico (1898-1936), was one of the greatest Spanish poets and dramatists.
6736 Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Jose (1928-...), is a Colombian novelist.
6737 Garcia Y Iniguez, Calixto (1839-1898), was a Cuban lawyer and revolutionary general.
6738
Garden cities are urban centres deliberately designed to include large areas of gardens and trees.
6739 Garden Island is the name given to two Australian islands, one in Sydney and one near Perth.
6740 Garden, Mary (1874-1967), an American soprano, was considered one of the best singing actresses of
her time.
6741 Gardenia is an evergreen shrub or small tree that bears a fragrant, waxy, white flower.
6742 Gardening is the cultivation of plants, usually in or near the home as a hobby.
6743
Gardiner, Lord (1900-1990), Gerald Austin Gardiner, was British Lord Chancellor from 1964 to 1970.
6744 Gardiner, Frank (1831-1890?), was an Australian bushranger.
6745 Gardner, Erle Stanley (1889-1970), was an American author.
6746 Garfield, James Abram (1831-1881), became president of the United States in 1881.
6747
Gargantua and Pantagruel, by Francois Rabelais, is a comic narrative on French society of the 1500's.
6748 Gargle is a liquid used to soothe sore throats and help prevent the spread of germs.
6749 Gargoyle is a decorated waterspout that projects from the upper part of a building or tower.
6750
Garibaldi, Giuseppe (1807-1882), was a military hero who fought to unite Italy into a single kingdom.
6751 Garland, Hamlin (1860-1940), was an American author.
6752 Garland, Judy (1922-1969), was an American singer and film actress.
6753 Garlic is a plant grown for its pungently flavoured bulb, which is used to season foods.
6754 Garnet is any of a group of hard, glassy minerals.
6755 Garnishment, also called garnishee proceedings, is a process in law whereby a creditor (A) can demand
direct payment of a debt due to his debtor (B) by a third person (C).
6756 Garran, Sir Robert (1867-1957), an Australian lawyer, was secretary of the committee that produced a
draft federal Constitution for Australia in 1897.
6757 Garret, Leslie (1955-...), is a British opera singer.
6758 Garrick, David (1717-1779), ranks among the greatest British actors.
6759 Garrote is an iron collar.
6760 Garter, Order of the, is the highest and oldest order of knighthood in the United Kingdom.
6761
Garter snake is one of a group of harmless snakes found in many parts of North and Central America.
6762 Garuda, in the Hindu religion, is an eagle-like being who serves as the vakana (mount) and emblem of
the god Vishnu.
6763 Garvey, Marcus (1887-1940), was a black leader from Jamaica who worked to improve the position of
black people throughout the world from 1908 until his death.
6764 Garvin, James Louis (1868-1947), a leading British journalist, was editor of the Sunday newspaper The
Observer from 1908 to 1942.
6765 Gas (fuel) is one of our most important resources.
6766 Gas is one of the three main states of matter.
6767 Gas chamber is a legal means of execution in some states of the United States.
6768 Gas mask protects the wearer from breathing harmful gases into the lungs.
6769 Gas meter is a device for measuring the volume of gas used.
6770 Gas oil is one of the fractions (parts) into which petroleum is divided by distillation.
6771 Gascoigne, George (1525?-1577), was an English author of the Elizabethan era who was a pioneer in
many literary forms.
6772 Gascony, an old French province, lies between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Garonne River in
southwest France (see FRANCE).
6773 Gascoyne River rises to the north of the Robinson Ranges in Western Australia and flows westward for
680 kilometres.
6774 Gaskell, Elizabeth (1810-1865), an English writer, is best known for her novel Cranford (1853).
6775 Gasnier, Reginald (1939-...), is known as one of the greatest centres in the history of Australian Rugby
League football.
6776 Gaston, William (1778-1844), was an American lawyer and advocate of political rights for blacks and
Roman Catholics.
6777 Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
6778 Gastroenteritis is an infection of the digestive system.
6779 Gates, Arthur Irving (1890-1972), an American educator, became well known for his contributions to the
improvement of reading.
6780
Gates, Bill (1955-...), is the cofounder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation.
6781
Gateshead (pop. 196,500) is an industrial centre and metropolitan district in Tyne and Wear, England.
6782 Gatling gun was the first practical, rapid-firing machine gun.
6783 Gatti-Casazza, Giulio (1868-1940), directed the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York City from
1908 to 1935, leading it to artistic and financial success.
6784 Gaucher's disease is a severe hereditary disorder that affects the spleen, liver, bones, and, in some
forms of the disease, the brain and nerves.
6785 Gaucho is the cowboy of the South American pampas, or plains.
6786 Gaudi, Antonio (1852-1926), was a major Spanish architect.
6787 Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri (1891-1915), was a French sculptor and artist.
6788 Gauge, also called gage, is an instrument used for measurement.
6789 Gauguin, Paul (1848-1903), was a French painter.
6790 Gaul is the English name for the region called Gallia by the Romans.
6791 Gauntlet was a leather glove covered with steel plates that medieval knights wore as part of their
armour.
6792 Gaur is a wild ox of India, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula.
6793 Gauss is a unit used to measure the strength of a magnetic field.
6794 Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777-1855), was a German mathematician who became one of the greatest
mathematicians of all time.
6795 Gauteng is a province in the northern region of South Africa.
6796 Gautier, Theophile (1811-1872), was a French poet, novelist, and critic.
6797 Gauze is a thin, open cloth made of cotton, silk, rayon, or synthetic fibres.
6798 Gavaskar, Sunil (1949-...), is an Indian cricketer.
6799 Gavial is a reptile much like a crocodile, except that it has an extremely long and narrow snout.
6800 Gawler, George (1795-1869), was governor of South Australia from 1838 to 1841.
6801 Gawler Range is a series of hills in South Australia that separate the Eyre Peninsula from the semidesert
lands surrounding Lake Gairdner and Lake Torrens.
6802
Gay, John (1685-1732), an English playwright and poet, is best known for The Beggar's Opera (1728).
6803 Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778-1850), was a French chemist and physicist.
6804 Gayndah (pop. 2,848), is a small town situated in the Central Burnett district of southeast Queensland,
Australia.
6805 Gaza Strip is a piece of land that was formerly administered by Egypt.
6806 Gazankulu was a homeland, an area set aside for Tsonga and Shangane people by the South African
government (see SOUTH AFRICAN HOMELANDS).
6807 Gazelle is a slender antelope that is noted for its beauty, grace, and gentleness.
6808
Gdansk or, in German, Danzig (pop. 466,500), is a Polish port city 6 kilometres from the Baltic Sea.
6809 Gear is a mechanical device that transfers rotating motion and power from one part of a machine to
another.
6810 Geber (721?-815?) had a reputation as a great Arab alchemist.
6811 Gecko is the name of certain small lizards that live in warm climates.
6812 Ged, William (1690-1749), a British jeweller, developed stereotyping.
6813 Geddes, Norman Bel (1893-1958), was an American designer and producer.
6814 Gedling (pop. 107,600) is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England.
6815 Geebung is the common name given to a range of small trees and shrubs belonging to the Australian
genus Persoonia.
6816 Geelong (pop. 145,323) is a city and port in Victoria, Australia.
6817 Geiger, Abraham (1810-1874), was a Jewish theologian and a leader of Reform Judaism.
6818
Geiger, Hans (1882-1945), was a German physicist who became famous for his work in nuclear physics.
6819 Geiger counter, also called Geiger-Muller counter, is an instrument that detects forms of ionizing
radiation.
6820 Geikie, Sir Archibald (1835-1924), was a Scottish geologist.
6821 Geissler tube is a gaseous-discharge tube similar to a neon lamp.
6822 Gelasius I, Saint (?-496), was elected pope in 492.
6823 Gelatin is a protein substance that comes from the skins and bones of animals.
6824 Gelsemium is a climbing shrub that grows in the Southern United States and Southeast Asia.
6825 Gem is a mineral or other material used in jewellery and other ornaments.
6826 Gemini, the Twins, is the third sign of the zodiac.
6827 Gemsbok, also called gemsbuck, is a large antelope related to the roan and sable antelopes.
6828 Gender. In English, living things are classed as male or female, and things without life as neuter, or
sexless.
6829
Gene is the part of a cell that determines the characteristics living things inherit from their parents.
6830 Gene mapping is a method of identifying and locating genes on the chromosomes within cells.
6831 Gene therapy is a technique for treating diseases by providing the cells of a patient's body with a normal
gene (unit of heredity) to make up for a defective or missing gene.
6832 Genealogy is the study of family origins based on records of important events in the lives of individuals
and their ancestors and families.
6833 General is one of the highest ranks in the major armies of the world and in some air forces.
6834 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a multilateral treaty that aims to promote trade
among its members.
6835 General Certificate of Education (GCE), in England and Wales, is awarded to students who have passed
a special examination.
6836
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an examination designed for pupils who have
completed a five-year course of study in a secondary school in England, Northern Ireland, or Wales.
6837 General Electric Company is the name of two large electrical companies, one in the United Kingdom and
the other in the United States.
6838 General Motors Corporation is one of the biggest manufacturers, and the largest producer of motor cars,
in the world.
6839 General Santos (pop. 250,389) is a port city in the Southern Mindanao region of the Philippines.
6840 General Strike was held in 1926 by most of Britain's major trade unions in support of the Mineworkers'
Union.
6841 Generation is a term that refers to a particular group of animals or plants in a line of descent.
6842 Genesis is the first book of the Bible.
6843 Genet, Jean (1910-1986), a French author, became known for his violent, complex plays.
6844 Genetic counselling is the technique of determining the possibilities of a baby being born with birth
defects.
6845 Genetic engineering is the term applied to techniques that alter the genes (hereditary material) or
combination of genes in an organism.
6846 Genetics is the scientific study of heredity, the passing on of characteristics of living organisms from one
generation to the next.
6847 Geneva (pop. 159,895; met. area pop. 378,274) is a historic city in southwestern Switzerland.
6848 Geneva Accords were a series of four international agreements made on July 20 and 21, 1954.
6849 Geneva Conventions provide for the humane treatment of civilians, prisoners, and wounded persons in
wartime.
6850
Genghis Khan (1162-1227) was a Mongol conqueror who founded the largest land empire in history.
6851
Genie is a word often used in English for jinni (plural, jinn), a type of demon in Arabian mythology.
6852 Genius was a guardian spirit worshipped by the ancient Romans.
6853 Genoa (pop. 678,771) is Italy's busiest and largest port and a major industrial centre.
6854 Genocide is the extermination of national or religious groups.
6855 Gentian is the name of a group of plants that consists of about 1,000 species.
6856 Gentile, in ancient times, referred to the people of all nations other than the Jews.
6857 Gentileschi, Artemisia (1593-1652?), was an Italian painter.
6858 Geochemistry is a science that applies chemistry to the study of the earth.
6859 Geode is a hollow, stonelike formation often lined with crystals.
6860
Geodesy is a science that deals with determining the size, shape, and gravitational field of the earth.
6861 Geoduck, also spelled goeduck or gweduc, is a huge edible clam found along the Pacific coast of the
United States.
6862 Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100?-1154?) was a Welsh historian.
6863 Geoghegan-Quinn, Maire (1950-...), became the Republic of Ireland's first woman Cabinet minister, as
minister for the Gaeltacht, in 1979.
6864 Geography is the study of the location and distribution of living things and the earth features among
which they live.
6865 Geology is the study of the earth.
6866 Geometric style is a term for a number of ancient and modern styles in art.
6867 Geometry is a branch of mathematics.
6868
Geomorphology is the science that studies the surface of the earth and the changes that take place on it.
6869
Geophysics is the study of the earth and its atmosphere and waters by means of the science of physics.
6870 Geopolitics attempts to explain world political developments in terms of geographic space.
6871 George was the name of six kings of Great Britain.
6872 George was the name of two kings of Greece.
6873 George, Saint, is the patron saint of England.
6874 George, Stefan (1868-1933), was a major German representative of the European symbolism movement
in poetry.
6875 George, Walter Franklin (1878-1957), served as a Democratic United States senator from Georgia from
1922 to 1957.
6876 George Town (pop. 248,241) is the third-largest city in Malaysia.
6877 Georges River, in Australia, flows 81 kilometres from the Illawarra Ranges southwest of Sydney to
Botany Bay.
6878 Georgetown (pop. 72,049; met. area pop. 188,000) is the capital and chief city of Guyana.
6879 Georgia is a country in the Caucasus Mountains that became independent in 1991 after nearly 200
years of Russian and Soviet rule.
6880 Georgia (pop. 6,508,419) is a state in southeastern United States.
6881 Georgian architecture was the chief architectural style of England during the reigns of Kings George I, II,
III, and IV. The kings reigned from 1714 to 1830.
6882
Geothermal power. See ELECTRIC POWER (Other sources of electric power); ENERGY SUPPLY
(Geothermal power); NEW ZEALAND (Natural resources); VOLCANO (Benefits of volcanoes).
6883 Geraldton (pop. 20,590) is a port and holiday resort in Western Australia.
6884 Geranium is a plant native to temperate regions throughout the world.
6885
Gerbil is any of a group of furry, ratlike rodents, most of which have long hind legs and a long, hairy tail.
6886 Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with old age and its diseases.
6887 Gericault, Theodore (1791-1824), a French artist, was one of the first romantic painters.
6888 German, Sir Edward (1862-1936), was a British composer who is best remembered for his tuneful
operettas Merrie England and Tom Jones.
6889 German language is the official language of Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein, and an official
language of Switzerland and Luxembourg.
6890 German literature is the literature of the German-speaking peoples of central Europe.
6891 German pinscher is a breed of dog that originated in Germany.
6892 German shepherd dog is often called the German police dog, because many of such dogs are trained for
police work.
6893 German shorthaired pointer is a dog often used to hunt game birds.
6894 German spitz, also called the great spitz, is a very old breed of dog.
6895 German wirehaired pointer is a hunting dog that was developed in Germany in the 1800's by crossing
German shorthaired pointers with terriers, bloodhounds, and poodles.
6896 Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge.
6897 Germany is a large country in central Europe.
6898 Germination is the sprouting of a seed.
6899 Germiston (pop. 186,426), South Africa, lies 13 kilometres east of Johannesburg in the great gold field of
the PWV Province.
6900 Geronimo (1829-1909) was a warrior of the Chiricahua Apache Indians.
6901 Gerrymander is the practice of dividing a city, state, or country into voting districts to favour the party in
power.
6902 Gershwin, George (1898-1937), an American composer, became famous for his musical comedies,
popular songs, symphonic works, and the opera Porgy and Bess.
6903 Gerund is a term for a present participle used as a noun.
6904 Gesell, Arnold Lucius (1880-1961), an American psychologist, became known for his studies of the
behaviour of infants and children.
6905 Gesso is a plasterlike coating used to cover the grain of wooden surfaces.
6906 Gestalt psychology is a school of psychology that emphasizes the study of experience as a unified
whole.
6907 Gestapo was the secret police force of Nazi Germany.
6908 Gesualdo, Carlo (1560-1613), Prince of Venosa, was an Italian composer.
6909 Gethsemane is a garden spoken of in the New Testament of the Bible.
6910 Getty, J. Paul (1892-1976), an American business executive, became one of the richest people in the
world.
6911 Gettysburg, Battle of, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, marked a turning point in the American Civil
War (1861-1865).
6912 Gettysburg Address is a short speech that Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States, delivered on
Nov. 19, 1863, at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania.
6913 Getz, Stan (1927-1991), was an American jazz tenor saxophonist known for his light, smooth tone and
lyrical approach to improvisation.
6914 Geyser is a spring that throws up hot water with explosive force from time to time.
6915 Ghan was a train that operated from Marree in South Australia to Alice Springs in the Northern Territory
between 1929 and 1980.
6916 Ghana is a tropical country in western Africa.
6917 Ghana Empire was an important black trading state in West Africa from about the A.D. 300's to the mid-
1000's.
6918 Ghent (pop. 236,540) is a Belgian city 50 kilometres northwest of Brussels.
6919
Ghent, Treaty of, ended the War of 1812 between the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States.
6920 Ghetto is a section of a city settled by a minority ethnic, religious, or nationality group.
6921 Ghiberti, Lorenzo (1378-1455), was an Italian sculptor and goldsmith.
6922 Ghirlandajo, Domenico (1449-1494), also spelled Ghirlandaio, was the most successful Italian painter of
his time in Florence.
6923 Ghost, according to tradition, is a spirit of a dead person that visits the living.
6924 Ghost town. In the 1800's, many towns, particularly in the United States and Australia, grew up near
mines.
6925 Giacometti, Alberto (1901-1966), was a Swiss sculptor whose long, thin human figures express a feeling
of anonymity and helplessness.
6926 Giannini, Amadeo Peter (1870-1949), was an American businessman.
6927 Giant is a person who grows abnormally tall because of a disorder in the pituitary gland.
6928 Giant, in Greek and Roman mythology, belonged to a race of beings that looked like people, but were
much bigger.
6929 Giant schnauzer is the largest of the three schnauzer dog breeds.
6930
Giant's Causeway is an unusual formation of rock columns along the north coast of Northern Ireland.
6931 Giardiasis is a common intestinal disease.
6932 Giauque, William Francis (1895-1982), was an American chemist.
6933 Gibberellin, also called GA, is any of a group of hormones that regulate plant growth.
6934 Gibbon is the smallest of the apes.
6935 Gibbon, Edward (1737-1794), was a British scholar who wrote the History of the Decline and Fall of the
Roman Empire, a masterpiece of historical writing.
6936 Gibbons, Grinling (1648-1720), a sculptor and wood carver, became famous for his delicate work.
6937
Gibbons, James Cardinal (1834-1921), was one of the leading American religious figures of his time.
6938 Gibbons, Orlando (1583-1625), was an English composer and musician.
6939 Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839-1903), one of the greatest American mathematical physicists, might be
called the father of modern physical chemistry.
6940 Gibbs, May (1875?-1969), an Australian writer and illustrator, published The Gumnut Babies in 1916 and
Snugglepot and Cuddlepie in 1918.
6941 Giblin, Lyndhurst Falkiner (1872-1951), was an Australian economist who frequently advised the federal
government on economic affairs.
6942 Gibraltar is a United Kingdom (UK) dependency in the Commonwealth of Nations.
6943 Gibraltar, Strait of, is a narrow body of water that connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic
Ocean.
6944 Gibran, Kahlil (1883-1931), was a Lebanese writer.
6945
Gibson, Althea (1927-...), an American sportswoman, became the first important black tennis player.
6946
Gibson, Charles Dana (1867-1944), an American illustrator, drew the famous "Gibson Girl." She was
intended to represent a typical society woman and to be the image of ideal American femininity.
6947 Gibson, Mel (1956-...), an Australian actor, first became well known for his starring roles in three Mad
Max films between 1979 and 1985.
6948 Gibson Desert forms part of the plateau of Western Australia.
6949 Gide, Andre (1869-1951), a French author, won the 1947 Nobel Prize for literature.
6950
Gideon in the Old Testament of the Bible, was a hero of Israel who saved his people from the Midianites.
6951 Gideons International is an association of Christian business and professional men.
6952 Gielgud, Sir John (1904-...), is a leading British actor and director.
6953
Gierek, Edward (1913-...), was first secretary of the Communist Party of Poland from 1970 to 1980.
6954 Gieseking, Walter (1895-1956), was a German pianist.
6955 Giftblaar is an extremely poisonous shrub which grows on the high veld (open grassland) of South
Africa.
6956 Gifted children are young people who have extremely high intelligence or exceptional creative ability--or
both--in one or more areas.
6957 Gigli, Beniamino (1890-1957), was an Italian tenor singer of outstanding quality.
6958 Gila monster is a large, poisonous lizard.
6959 Gilbert, Sir Alfred (1854-1934), was a British sculptor and goldsmith noted for the simplicity and delicate
symmetry of his work.
6960 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey (1539?-1583), an English scholar and soldier, became famous as a navigator and
explorer.
6961 Gilbert, Johnny (^? ^-1865), was an Australian bushranger (outlaw).
6962 Gilbert, Kevin (1933-1993), an Aboriginal poet, artist, and author, wrote the first Aboriginal play, The
Cherry Pickers, in 1970.
6963 Gilbert, William (1540-1603), an English doctor and scientist, was the first person to use the word
electricity.
6964 Gilbert and Sullivan wrote the most popular operettas in the history of the British theatre.
6965 Gilbert Islands are a group of 16 small coral islands in the South Pacific Ocean.
6966 Gilbreth was the family name of two American industrial engineers, husband and wife.
6967
Gilding is the art of applying gold leaf or gold dust to glass, metal, paper, porcelain, or other material.
6968 Giles, Ernest (1835-1897), was an explorer who led four expeditions into the unmapped wilderness of
central and western Australia.
6969 Gilgamesh, Epic of, a Babylonian poem, is one of the oldest epics in world literature.
6970 Gill is the breathing organ of many animals that live in the water.
6971 Gill, Eric (1882-1940), was a leading British sculptor, engraver, and typographic designer.
6972 Gill, Samuel Thomas (1818-1880), was an early Australian artist.
6973 Gillespie, Dizzy (1917-1993), was an American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader.
6974 Gillingham (pop. 93,300) is a town and local government district in Kent, England.
6975 Gillray, James (1757-1815), was a great British caricaturist.
6976 Gilmore, Dame Mary (1865-1962), was an Australian poet.
6977 Gilmore, Patrick Sarsfield (1829-1892), was the best-known American bandmaster of the 1800's.
6978 Gilroy, Sir Norman Thomas Cardinal (1896-1977), was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Australia,
from 1940 to 1971.
6979 Gilt Dragon, also called Vergulde Draeck, was a Dutch vessel belonging to the Dutch East India
Company.
6980 Ginastera, Alberto (1916-1983), was an Argentinian composer.
6981 Ginger is a tangy spice most commonly used in baking and in flavouring beverages.
6982 Gingham is a cloth used to make dresses, curtains, and furniture covers.
6983 Ginkgo, also called the maidenhair tree, is the only surviving member of a group of plants that lived
millions of years ago.
6984 Ginsberg, Allen (1926-1997), was an American poet.
6985 Ginseng is a perennial herb of eastern Asia and eastern North America.
6986 Giorgione (1478?-1510) was an Italian artist who helped make Venice a centre of painting during the
Italian Renaissance.
6987 Giotto (1267?-1337) was the most important painter of the 1300's.
6988 Gipps, Sir George (1791-1847), was governor of New South Wales, Australia, from 1838 to 1846.
6989 Gippsland is a district in eastern Victoria, Australia.
6990
Gippsland giant earthworm is an extraordinary worm found in the Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia.
6991 Giraffe is the tallest of all animals.
6992 Girard, Stephen (1750-1831), was an American businessman and philanthropist.
6993 Giraud, Henri Honore (1879-1949), a French professional soldier, served as high commissioner of North
Africa in 1942 and 1943, and as chief of the French armed forces from 1942 to 1944.
6994
Giraudoux, Jean (1882-1944), was the most prominent French playwright between the two world wars.
6995 Girl Guides and Girl Scouts movement is a worldwide organization that encourages girls to develop their
interests and abilities and to learn new skills.
6996 Giro is a system of banking by which holders of accounts can make payments to each other.
6997
Girona, a ship of the Spanish Armada, provided the richest treasure in the history of Irish archaeology.
6998 Girondists were members of a French political party that began during the French Revolution.
6999 Girtin, Thomas (1775-1802), was a British watercolour painter.
7000
Gisborne (pop. 31,484), is a city in northern New Zealand, on the eastern coast of the North Island.
7001 Giscard d'Estaing, Valery (1926-...), served as president of France from 1974 until 1981.
7002 Gish, Dorothy (1898-1968), was an American star of silent films.
7003 Gish, Lillian (1893-1993), an American film actress, was one of the leading stars of silent films.
7004 Gissing, George Robert (1857-1903), was a British novelist.
7005 Giza (pop. 2,144,000) is a suburb of Cairo and Egypt's third largest city.
7006 Gizzard is a special organ of the digestive system of birds and a few other animals.
7007 Glacier is a huge mass of ice that flows slowly over land.
7008 Gladiator was a trained warrior who fought bloody battles to entertain the ancient Romans.
7009 Gladiolus is a garden plant with spikes of large silky blossoms that are popular as cut flowers.
7010 Gladstone (pop. 24,205) is a city on the north-central coast of Queensland, Australia.
7011 Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898), was one of the most famous British political leaders of the
1800's.
7012 Glaisher, James (1809-1903), was a British meteorologist and aeronaut.
7013 Glamorgan, the leading industrial area in Wales, has been a gateway to South Wales since prehistoric
times.
7014 Gland is a tissue or organ that produces and releases a useful chemical substance.
7015 Glanders is a severe disease of horses and donkeys.
7016 Glandular fever, also called infectious mononucleosis, is a mild infectious disease.
7017 Glanville, Ranulf de (?-1190), wrote one of the earliest commentaries on medieval law.
7018 Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926-...), an American physicist, won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1960 for
inventing the bubble chamber.
7019
Glasgow (pop. 654,542) is Scotland's largest city and the third largest city in the United Kingdom.
7020 Glasgow, University of, is the second oldest university in Scotland.
7021 Glass is one of the most useful materials in the world.
7022 Glass, Philip (1937-...), is an American composer.
7023 Glass lizard is the name of certain legless lizards.
7024 Glasses are a pair of lenses held in place in front of the eyes by a frame.
7025 Glasshouse Mountains rise east of the Blackall Range in southeastern Queensland, Australia.
7026 Glasswort is one of several species of plants that grow in salt marshes around the world.
7027 Glastonbury, an English town, is famous in history and in the legends of King Arthur.
7028 Glauber's salt is a chemical compound of sodium sulphate and water.
7029 Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by increased pressure of the fluid within the eye.
7030
Glauconite is a bright green mineral that looks like tiny flakes of the mineral mica, or small lumps of clay.
7031 Glen Coe is a mountain pass in Highland Region, Scotland.
7032 Glen Mor, sometimes called the Great Glen or the Great Glen of Alban, is a valley in Scotland that
extends for about 97 kilometres northeast from Fort William to Inverness.
7033 Glen of Imaal terrier is a breed of dog which originated in County Wicklow, Ireland.
7034 Glenbawn Dam is a part of the Hunter Valley irrigation and flood mitigation scheme in New South Wales,
Australia.
7035
Glendower, Owen (1359?-1416?), was a Welsh prince who led his country against English domination.
7036 Gleneagles agreement was a pledge made by leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations in 1977 to
discourage sporting contact with South Africa.
7037 Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921-...), was the first American to orbit the earth.
7038 Glenrowan, a small town 290 kilometres north of Melbourne, Australia, is the place where Ned Kelly
made his last stand on July 28, 1880.
7039 Glidden, Carlos (1834-1877), an American inventor, is best known for his share in the invention of the
Remington typewriter.
7040 Glider is an aircraft that resembles an aeroplane but has no engine.
7041 Glider is a type of possum that lives in forests in New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia.
7042 Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich (1804-1857), was the first important Russian composer of the 1800's.
7043 Global Positioning System, or GPS, is a worldwide navigation system that uses radio signals broadcast
by satellites.
7044 Globe is a map that has been pasted or printed on a hollow sphere.
7045 Globe Theatre in Southwark, London, was the scene of the first productions of many of the plays of
William Shakespeare in the 1600's.
7046 Globulin is a protein component of the plasma, which is the watery part of the blood.
7047 Glockenspiel is a percussion instrument that consists of two rows of metal bars on a frame.
7048 Glorious Revolution of 1688 ended the rule of King James II of England and brought William III and Mary
II to the throne.
7049 Gloucester (pop. 91,800) is an industrial and shipping city near the mouth of the River Severn in westcentral
England.
7050 Gloucestershire is one of the most beautiful counties in England.
7051 Glove is a protective or decorative covering for the hand.
7052 Glover, John (1767-1849), was an early painter of Australian landscapes.
7053 Gloxinia is a plant remarkable for its richly coloured velvety leaves and large bell-shaped flowers.
7054 Glubb, Sir John Bagot (1897-1986), known as Glubb Pasha, was a British Army officer who became
Chief of General Staff of the Arab Legion, the Jordanian army.
7055 Gluck, Christoph Willibald (1714-1787), a German composer, reformed opera in the 1700's.
7056 Glucose is a type of sugar.
7057 Glue is an adhesive made from the skins, connective tissues, or bones of animals.
7058 Gluon is a subatomic particle that carries a powerful force which holds together the components of
protons and neutrons.
7059 Gluten is an elastic, sticky substance that helps make dough rise.
7060 Glycerol, also called glycerin or glycerine, is a thick, sweet-tasting liquid used in the manufacture of
many products for homes and industry.
7061 Glycogen is a tasteless, odourless white powder.
7062 Glycol is a type of organic compound.
7063 Glyndwr (pop. 41,500) is a local government district in Clwyd, Wales.
7064 Gnat is a general name given to a wide variety of small flies.
7065 Gnatcatcher is the name of several small songbirds native to the Western Hemisphere.
7066 Gneiss is a banded, coarse-grained rock.
7067 Gnome is a dwarflike creature in European folklore.
7068 Gnosticism was a religious and philosophical movement in Europe and the Middle East that flourished
from about the A.D. 100's to the 700's.
7069 Gnotobiotics is the scientific study of animals or other organisms reared in environments that are free of
germs or that contain only specifically known germs.
7070 Gnu, also called wildebeest, is a large African antelope.
7071 Goa is the smallest state of the republic of India.
7072 Goanna is an Australian name for a large lizard known in other parts of the world as a monitor or monitor
lizard.
7073 Goat is an animal that has provided people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times.
7074 Gobi is a windswept, nearly treeless desert that stretches across part of southern Mongolia and part of
northern China.
7075 Gobind Singh (1666-1708) was an Indian spiritual leader.
7076 Goble, Paul (1933-...), is a British author and illustrator of children's books.
7077 Goby is the name of about 2,000 kinds of fish that live in the shallow parts of warm oceans.
7078 God is a religious term for the "supreme reality." In many religions, God is the creator of the universe
and the ultimate source of knowledge, power, and love.
7079 God Save the Queen, or "God Save the King," is the national anthem of the United Kingdom.
7080 Godard, Jean-Luc (1930-...), is a controversial French film director.
7081 Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882-1945), was an American pioneer of rocket science.
7082 Goderich, Viscount (1782-1859), Frederick John Robinson, was a minister in successive British
governments for more than 30 years.
7083 Godetia is a popular annual garden flower.
7084 Godey, Louis Antoine (1804-1878), in 1830 founded Godey's Lady's Book, the first women's magazine in
the United States.
7085 Godiva, Lady, the wife of Earl Leofric of Chester, England, lived during the 1000's.
7086 Godley, John Robert (1814-1861), helped to establish the Anglican settlement at Canterbury, New
Zealand.
7087 Godthab (pop. 11,957) is the capital of Greenland.
7088 Godwin, William (1756-1836), was a British author and philosopher.
7089 Godwit is a wading bird of the snipe and sandpiper family.
7090 Goebbels, Joseph (1897-1945), was the official propagandist of Nazi Germany.
7091 Goering, Hermann Wilhelm (1893-1946), was second to Adolf Hitler as a leader of Nazi Germany.
7092 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832), was a German poet, novelist, and playwright.
7093 Gogarty, Oliver St. John Joseph (1878-1957), was an Irish poet, wit, and literary personality.
7094 Gogol, Nikolai (1809-1852), was a major Russian playwright, novelist, and short story writer.
7095 Goh Chok Tong (1941-...) became prime minister of Singapore in 1990.
7096 Goh Choo San (1948-1987), a Singapore choreographer, created 26 ballets before his early death at the
age of 39.
7097 Goitre is a condition in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged.
7098 Gokhale, Gopal Krishna (1866-1915), was a moderate, Indian nationalist politician.
7099 Golan Heights is a hilly area in the southwestern corner of Syria.
7100 Gold is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Au.
7101
Gold Coast (pop. 163,332) is a city located on the extreme southeast corner of Queensland, Australia.
7102 Gold leaf is gold metal that has been beaten into very thin sheets or leaves.
7103 Gold rush is a rapid movement of people to a site where gold has been discovered.
7104 Gold standard is the use of gold as the standard of value for the money of a country.
7105 Goldberg, Arthur Joseph (1908-1990), an American lawyer and diplomat, was secretary of labour,
Supreme Court justice, and United States ambassador to the United Nations.
7106
Goldberger, Joseph (1874-1929), an American doctor, is remembered chiefly for his work on pellagra.
7107 Golden Age is a term used by the Greek poet Homer to describe a remote period of the past that he
considered more civilized and enlightened than his own.
7108 Golden Fleece, in Greek mythology, was the golden wool of a flying ram.
7109 Golden Gate Bridge is one fo the largest and most spectacular suspension bridges in the world.
7110 Golden Mile is a rich gold-mining area near Kalgoorlie, in Western Australia.
7111 Golden retriever is a medium-sized hunting dog.
7112
Golden rule is the principle that people should treat others as they would like to be treated themselves.
7113
Golden section, also called the divine proportion, is the division of a line segment in such a way that the
ratio of the whole segment to the larger part is equal to the ratio of the larger part to the smaller part.
7114 Goldenrod is a common wild flower.
7115 Goldenseal, also called orangeroot, is a perennial flowering plant of the eastern United States.
7116 Goldfinch is the name of species of finch with a lot of yellow in its plumage.
7117 Goldfish is a variety of carp also called golden carp.
7118
Golding, Sir William (1911-1993), a British novelist, wrote about the conflict between mind and instinct.
7119 Goldman, Edwin Franko (1878-1956), was a leading American bandmaster.
7120
Goldman, Emma (1869-1940), was a revolutionary who left Russia to live in the United States in 1885.
7121 Goldoni, Carlo (1707-1793), was an Italian playwright.
7122 Goldsmith, Oliver (1730?-1774), was an Irish-born writer who produced a variety of works marked by a
charming, lively style.
7123 Goldsmithing is the art of making jewellery and other objects from gold.
7124 Goldstone, Richard (1938-...), is a judge of the Supreme Court of South Africa.
7125 Goldwater, Barry Morris (1909-1998), an American politician, was the Republican candidate for U.S.
president in 1964.
7126
Goldwyn, Samuel (1882-1974), was one of the first and most successful American film producers.
7127 Golf is an outdoor sport in which a player attempts to hit a small, hard ball into a hole in as few hits as
possible.
7128 Golgi, Camillo (1844-1926), an Italian anatomist and pathologist, shared the 1906 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine for his studies on the structure of the nervous system.
7129 Goliath, in the Old Testament of the Bible, was a Philistine warrior almost 3 metres tall.
7130 Golschmann, Vladimir (1893-1972), a French-born conductor, conducted the St. Louis Symphony
Orchestra from 1931 to 1957.
7131
Goncourt was the family name of two French brothers who had an important influence on literature.
7132 Gondola is a long, slender boat used on the canals of Venice, Italy.
7133 Gong is a metal percussion instrument shaped like a circular plate.
7134 Gongora, Luis de (1561-1627), was the greatest poet of the Spanish baroque period.
7135 Gonne, Maude (1866-1953), was an Irish nationalist who also won fame for her association with the poet
William Butler Yeats, in one of whose plays she acted.
7136
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium found only in human beings.
7137 Gonzaga, Saint Aloysius (1568-1591), was an Italian Roman Catholic saint.
7138 Gonzalez, Pancho (1928-1995), also spelled Gonzales, was an American who became one of the
greatest players in tennis history.
7139 Gonzalo de Cordoba, Hernandez (1453?-1515), was a Spanish general.
7140 Good Friday is the Friday before Easter Sunday, the central festival of the Christian year.
7141 Goodall, Jane (1934-...), is an English zoologist who studies the behaviour of animals.
7142 Goodman, Benny (1909-1986), was an American clarinet player and bandleader.
7143 Goodspeed, Edgar Johnson (1871-1962), was a United States Bible scholar.
7144 Goodwin Sands are a group of sandbanks off the east coast of Kent, England.
7145 Goodyear, Charles (1800-1860), was an American inventor.
7146 Googol is the number written as 1 followed by a hundred zeros.
7147 Goolwa (pop. 2,359), is a tourist town in South Australia.
7148 Goonyella is a rich opencast coal mine in the Bowen basin, central Queensland, Australia.
7149 Goose is a water bird closely related to the duck and swan.
7150 Gooseberry is an oval, tart fruit or berry that is closely related to the currant.
7151 Goossens is the family name of four famous British musicians, brothers and sisters.
7152 Gopher is a small animal that lives in long, complex, underground tunnels.
7153 Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich (1931-...), was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991.
7154 Gordian knot, in Greek mythology, was a skilfully tied knot.
7155 Gordimer, Nadine (1923-...), a South African writer, won the 1991 Nobel Prize for literature, the first
South African author to receive the award.
7156 Gordon (pop. 73,968) is a local government district in central Grampian Region, Scotland, administered
from the town of Inverurie.
7157 Gordon, Adam Lindsay (1833-1870), one of the best-known Australian poets, is often referred to as the
father of the bush ballad.
7158 Gordon, Charles George (1833-1885), a British soldier, was called Chinese Gordon and Gordon Pasha
because of his distinguished service in China and Egypt.
7159 Gordon, Richard (1921-...), is a British author who became famous for a series of novels he wrote about
the life of a doctor.
7160 Gordon Riots (1780) followed the passing of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1778 by the British
Parliament.
7161 Gordon River Dam provides water for hydroelectricity in southwestern Tasmania, Australia.
7162 Gordon setter is a black and tan hunting dog that was well known as early as 1620.
7163 Gore, Al (1948-...) was elected vice president of the United States in 1992.
7164 Gorgonian is a type of soft coral with a treelike branching form.
7165 Gorgons were three sisters in Greek mythology.
7166 Gorilla is the largest of the anthropoid (humanlike) apes.
7167 Gorki, Maxim (1868-1936), was a Russian novelist, playwright, and short-story writer.
7168 Gorky, Arshile (1904-1948), an American artist, was a leading member of the abstract expressionist
movement.
7169 Gormanston (pop. 341), used to be an important mining town in Tasmania, Australia.
7170 Goroka (pop. 18,797) is the administrative and commercial centre of the eastern highlands province of
Papua New Guinea.
7171 Gorse, also known as furze, is a spiny evergreen shrub native to Europe and Africa.
7172 Gorton, Sir John (1911-...), a member of the Australian Liberal Party, was prime minister of Australia
from 1968 to 1971.
7173 Gosford (pop. 128,931) is a city on the coast of New South Wales, Australia.
7174 Gosnold, Bartholomew (?-1607), was an English navigator.
7175 Gospels are the first four books of the New Testament of the Bible.
7176 Gosport (pop. 72,800) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, situated on the west side of
Portsmouth harbour.
7177
Gosse, Sir Edmund (1849-1928), was a British poet, critic, and student of northern European languages.
7178 Gosse, William Christie (1842-1881), an Australian explorer and surveyor, visited Ayers Rock in 1873
and named it in honour of Sir Henry Ayers, who was then premier of South Australia.
7179
Goteborg, or Gothenburg (pop. 424,085; met. area pop. 698,794), is Sweden's second largest city.
7180 Gothic art is the name given to the art of the later Middle Ages, especially from the mid-1100's to about
1400.
7181 Gothic novel was a type of fiction that became popular in England during the late 1700's and early
1800's.
7182
Goths were a confederation of Germanic tribes that invaded the Roman Empire during the A.D. 200's.
7183 Gottfried von Strassburg (1170?-1220?) was a medieval German poet.
7184 Gottlieb, Adolph (1903-1974), was a leading American abstract expressionist artist.
7185 Goudy, Frederic William (1865-1947), was an American type designer and printer.
7186 Goujon, Jean (1510?-1568?), was a French sculptor of the Renaissance period.
7187 Goulburn (pop. 21,453) is an important market city of New South Wales, Australia.
7188 Goulburn is the name of two rivers in Australia.
7189 Gould, Glenn (1932-1982), was a famous Canadian pianist.
7190 Gould, John (1804-1881), a British ornithologist, produced illustrated books on birds from every part of
the world.
7191 Gould, Shane (1956-...), an Australian swimmer, broke every women's world free-style record in 1971
and 1972.
7192 Gounod, Charles (1818-1893), was a French composer whose reputation rests on his opera Faust
(1859, revised and expanded 1869).
7193 Gourd is the name of a group of ornamental trailing or climbing plants.
7194 Gout is a chronic disease that can produce severe swelling of the joints.
7195 Gove Peninsula lies at the eastern end of the Arnhem Land Aboriginal Reserve in the Northern Territory,
Australia.
7196 Government is one of humanity's oldest and most important institutions.
7197 Government ownership, also called public, or state, ownership, is the ownership and operation of a
service, business, or industry by a government.
7198 Government regulation is the supervision of privately owned businesses or private activities by
government or government agencies.
7199 Governor is an instrument that keeps machines running at desired speeds.
7200
Governor general is an executive official who directs the activities of deputy or lieutenant governors.
7201 Gowda, Deve (1933-...) became prime minister of India in 1996, as head of a coalition of parties called
the United Front.
7202 Gower, David (1957-...), a left-handed English batsman, was captain of the Leicestershire and England
cricket teams.
7203 Gower, John (1325?-1408), an English poet, is remembered for three principal poetic works.
7204 Gower Peninsula is a peninsula that forms part of the county of West Glamorgan, in Wales.
7205 Goya, Francisco (1746-1828), a Spanish painter, was one of the first masters of modern art.
7206 Goyder's Line is an imaginary line marking off a huge area of inland South Australia that gets an average
of 254 millimetres of rainfall a year or less.
7207 Goyen, Jan Van (1596-1656), was a Dutch artist who specialized in painting landscapes.
7208 Gracchus family was a family of high nobility in ancient Rome.
7209
Grace, in Christianity, is the term for God's action in forgiving, sanctifying, or strengthening people.
7210 Grace, W. G. (1848-1915), a British cricketer, was one of the greatest cricketers of all time.
7211 Grace and favour apartments are accommodation made available by the British sovereign.
7212
Graces, in Greek mythology, were daughters of Zeus, king of the gods, and the nymph Eurynome.
7213
Grackle is the name of several species of medium-sized birds that live in North and South America.
7214 Graduation. Universities and colleges usually give a diploma or certificate in recognition of achievement
to students who satisfactorily complete a course.
7215 Graf, Steffi (1969-...), is a German tennis champion who became the dominant player in women's
professional tennis in the late 1980's and 1990's.
7216 Graf, Urs (1485?-1529), was a Swiss printmaker and professional soldier who became known for his
woodcuts and etchings.
7217
Graf Spee was one of three German pocket battleships (swift, heavily armed cruisers) which preyed on
British (United Kingdom) merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean early in World War II (1939-1945).
7218 Grafting is the process of uniting parts of two plants to form a single plant.
7219 Grafton (pop. 17,123), is a commercial city in New South Wales, Australia.
7220
Grafton, Duke of (1735-1811), Augustus Henry Fitzroy, was prime minister of Britain from 1768 to 1770.
7221 Graham, Billy (1918-...), of the United States, became a world-famous evangelist.
7222 Graham, Katharine (1917-...), is chairman of the board of the Washington Post Company.
7223 Graham, Martha (1894-1991), became a leading American dancer and choreographer (dance
composer).
7224 Graham, Thomas (1805-1869), a British chemist, is recognized as the founder of colloid chemistry (see
COLLOID).
7225 Grahame, Kenneth (1859-1932), a British author, wrote The Wind in the Willows (1908), a children's
classic.
7226 Grahame-White, Claude (1879-1959), was a British pioneer aviator and aeronautical engineer.
7227
Grahamstown (pop. 25,120; met. area pop. 60,700) is a town in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa.
7228 Grain is any of several cereal plants that rank among the most important food crops.
7229 Grain store is a building equipped for storing, loading, and unloading grain before the grain is sold or
used.
7230 Grain sorghum is a cereal plant grown mainly as food for livestock.
7231 Grain weevil is a small, dark beetle that destroys grain.
7232 Grainger, Percy Aldridge (1882-1961), an Australian-born pianist and composer, became a leading
interpreter of Edvard Grieg's piano music.
7233 Gram is a unit of mass (quantity of matter) in the metric system.
7234 Grammar is a set of principles by which a language functions.
7235 Grampian Region, in northeastern Scotland, is a prosperous area with strong agricultural and fishing
industries.
7236 Grampians are a system of mountain ranges in western Victoria, Australia.
7237 Gran Chaco is a great, low-lying plain in South America.
7238
Granada (pop. 58,108), a port on Lake Nicaragua, is an important commercial centre in Nicaragua.
7239 Granada (pop. 254,034), in southeastern Spain, is the site of the Alhambra palace and fortress (see
ALHAMBRA).
7240 Granada was once a Moorish kingdom in southern Spain.
7241 Granados, Enrique (1867-1916), was a Spanish pianist and composer, known for his charming piano
works, Goyescas, inspired by the famous painter Francisco Goya.
7242 Grand Alliance was the name of three unions of European countries formed to curb the military power of
France under King Louis XIV. Each checked French expansion and maintained a balance of power in
Europe.
7243 Grand Banks is one of the world's richest fishing grounds.
7244 Grand bleu de Gascogne is one of the oldest breeds of French hounds.
7245 Grand Canyon National Park, in the United States, consists almost entirely of the Grand Canyon, one of
the most spectacular canyons in the world.
7246 Grand Coulee Dam is the largest concrete dam and the greatest single source of water power in the
United States.
7247 Grand jury is a group of citizens who decide whether there is sufficient evidence of a crime to try a
person in court.
7248 Grand Metropolitan plc is one of the United Kingdom's largest and most diversified companies.
7249 Grand National is the most famous steeplechase horse race in the world.
7250 Grand unified theories, also called GUT's, attempt to unite three of the four fundamental forces that are
thought to govern the universe.
7251 Granite is a hard, coarse-grained rock that makes up a large part of every continent.
7252 Granny Smith is the name of an apple originally cultivated by Maria Ann Smith (?-1870).
7253 Grant, Cary (1904-1986), was an American film actor.
7254 Grant, Ulysses S. (1822-1885), was president of the United States from 1869 to 1877.
7255 Granville-Barker, Harley (1877-1946), was a British playwright, actor, and producer-director.
7256 Grape is a juicy, smooth-skinned berry that grows on a woody vine.
7257 Grapefruit is a large, round citrus fruit.
7258 Graph is a drawing that shows the relative sizes of numerical quantities.
7259
Graphic arts is a general term for drawing and other techniques used to reproduce words and pictures.
7260 Graphical user interface (GUI) is a way of interacting with a computer using pictures and other visual
elements displayed on a computer screen.
7261 Graphite is a soft black mineral that is greasy to the touch.
7262
Graphology is the study of a person's handwriting to obtain information about his or her personality.
7263 Grass is one of the largest and most varied families in the plant kingdom.
7264 Grass, Gunter (1927-...), is a German novelist, poet, playwright, artist, and essayist.
7265 Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul (1722-1788), Comte de Grasse, a French admiral, aided General George
Washington at the siege of Yorktown in the American Revolution.
7266 Grasshopper is an insect that can leap about 20 times as far as the length of its body.
7267 Grassland is one of the four chief kinds of natural vegetation.
7268
Grattan, Henry (1746-1820), an Irish orator, worked to free the Irish Parliament from British control, to
free Irish commerce from heavy restrictions, and to give voting rights to Roman Catholics.
7269 Gravel is a mixture of loose pieces of rock and particles of sand and clay.
7270 Graves, Morris (1910-...), is an American artist who became known for his paintings and watercolours
that show the influence of oriental mysticism.
7271 Graves, Robert James (1796-1853) was an Irish doctor.
7272 Graves, Robert (1895-1985), was an English author.
7273 Gravesham (pop. 90,000) is a local government district in north Kent, England.
7274 Graves's disease is a disorder that causes the thyroid gland to become overactive.
7275 Gravitation is the force of attraction that acts between all objects because of their mass--that is, the
amount of matter they are made of.
7276 Gravity, Centre of, is the point in an object where the force of gravity appears to act.
7277
Gray, Asa (1810-1888), became the leading authority of his time on the plant life of the United States.
7278 Gray, Elisha (1835-1901), an American inventor, disputed Alexander Graham Bell's claims as inventor of
the telephone.
7279 Gray, Robert (1755-1806), was the first person to sail around the world under the American flag.
7280 Gray, Simon (1936-...), is a British dramatist.
7281 Gray, Thomas (1716-1771), was a British poet.
7282 Grayling is a game fish, once called "the flower of fishes" by Saint Ambrose.
7283 Graz (pop. 243,405), Austria's second largest city, is the capital of the province of Styria.
7284 Greasewood, also called black, or true, greasewood, is a scraggly thorny bush 0.5 to 1.8 metres high
with stiff, grey-barked branches and narrow fleshy leaves.
7285 Great Artesian Basin is the largest artesian basin in Australia.
7286 Great Barrier Reef is the largest group of coral reefs in the world.
7287 Great Barrier Island, the largest island near the coast of the North Island of New Zealand, lies northeast
of Auckland and the Coromandel Peninsula.
7288 Great Basin is a large desert region in the Western United States.
7289 Great Bear Lake is the largest lake in Canada and the fourth largest in the Americas.
7290 Great Britain is the name often used for the country officially known as the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland.
7291 Great-circle route is the shortest, most direct route between two points on the earth's surface.
7292 Great Dane is a breed of large working dog.
7293 Great Depression was a worldwide business slump of the 1930's.
7294 Great Divide, also called Continental Divide, is the highland in North America that separates the waters
flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
7295 Great Dividing Range runs along the eastern and southern coasts of Australia.
7296 Great Famine took place in Ireland from 1845 to 1847.
7297
Great Lakes are five lakes in North America that form the largest group of fresh-water lakes in the world.
7298 Great Plague was an outbreak of bubonic plague that struck London in 1665, and was particularly violent
during August and September (see BUBONIC PLAGUE).
7299 Great Plains is a vast, dry grassland in North America.
7300 Great Pyrenees is a large dog from the Pyrenees Mountains, where it is used as a sheepdog, guard, and
rescue dog.
7301 Great Rift Valley is a series of valleys that cuts through much of eastern Africa and part of southwestern
Asia.
7302 Great Salt Lake, an inland sea in northwestern Utah, United States, is one of the natural wonders of the
world.
7303 Great Salt Lake Desert is a low, flat, arid region in northwestern Utah, United States, just west of Salt
Lake City.
7304 Great Sandy Desert occupies part of the desert basin in northern Western Australia.
7305 Great Seal, in the United Kingdom, is used to indicate the monarch's approval on many state
documents.
7306 Great Slave Lake, one of the largest lakes in the Americas, covers 28,438 square kilometres in
Canada's Northwest Territories.
7307
Great Smoky Mountains are so named because they are usually covered by a smoky mist or haze.
7308
Great Trek was the historic journey made into the interior of South Africa by Dutch-speaking farmers.
7309 Great Victoria Desert, an area of shifting sand dunes, stretches for about 1,300 kilometres across
southwestern Australia (see AUSTRALIA).
7310 Great Wall of China is the longest structure ever built.
7311 Great Yarmouth (pop. 85,900) is a local government district on the coast of Norfolk, England.
7312 Greaves, Captain, also called Red Legs, was a Scots-Irish pirate in the 1670's.
7313 Grebe is a kind of diving bird.
7314 Grechko, Andrei Antonovich (1903-1976), was a Soviet military leader.
7315 Greco, El (1541?-1614), was one of the world's great painters.
7316 Greco, Jose (1918-...), one of the world's best Spanish dancers, learned his art in New York City.
7317
Greece is a small country in southern Europe where Western civilization started about 2,500 years ago.
7318 Greece, Ancient, was the birthplace of Western civilization about 2,500 years ago.
7319
Greek fire is a chemical mixture that ignites and burns furiously when it comes in contact with water.
7320 Greek language is one of the oldest surviving branches of the Indo-European family of languages.
7321 Greek literature is the oldest and most influential national literature in the Western world.
7322 Greely, Adolphus Washington (1844-1935), was an American soldier and Arctic explorer.
7323 Green, Henry (1905-1973), was the pen name of Henry Vincent Yorke, a British novelist.
7324 Green, J. R. (1837-1883), a British historian, became known for his work A Short History of the English
People.
7325 Green belts, in the United Kingdom, are areas of land, near a town, on which buildings may not be
constructed, except in special circumstances.
7326 Green party is any of a number of political parties that are most widely known for promoting
environmental issues.
7327 Green tree ant of tropical Australia is one of the most remarkable members of the ant family.
7328 Greenaway, Kate (1846-1901), was a British illustrator of children's books.
7329 Greene, Graham (1904-1991), a British author, won fame for both serious novels and for lighter books
he called "entertainments." His entertainments include the detective story This Gun for Hire (1936) and
the adventure mystery The Third Man (1950).
7330 Greene, Robert (1558?-1592), was an English writer.
7331
Greenhood is a small orchid that grows in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and New Zealand.
7332 Greenhouse is a building in which people can grow plants throughout the year.
7333 Greenhouse effect is a warming of the lower atmosphere and surface of a planet by a complex process
involving sunlight, gases, and particles in the atmosphere.
7334 Greenland is the largest island in the world.
7335 Greenpeace is an international environmental organization.
7336 Greenvale is the site of a nickel mine, 224 kilometres west of Townsville in northern Queensland,
Australia.
7337 Greenway, Francis (1777-1837), a convict, was Australia's first fully qualified architect.
7338 Greenwich (pop. 200,800) is a borough in Greater London.
7339 Greenwich Meridian is a north-south line that passes through Greenwich, a borough of London, on a
map of the earth.
7340 Greenwich Observatory, Royal, was founded in 1675 by Charles II of England.
7341 Greer, Germaine (1939-...), is an Australian writer and intellectual.
7342 Greeting cards mark special occasions or provide friendly greetings to persons receiving them.
7343 Greevy, Bernadette (1939-...), is an Irish contralto singer of outstanding quality.
7344 Gregg, John Robert (1867-1948), invented the Gregg system of shorthand, in which lines and curves
represent letters and syllables.
7345 Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used in almost all of the world today.
7346 Gregory I, Saint (540?-604), was elected pope in 590.
7347 Gregory VII, Saint (1020?-1085), was elected pope in 1073.
7348 Gregory IX (about 1155-1241) was elected pope in 1227.
7349 Gregory X (1210-1276) was elected pope in 1271, after the office had been vacant for almost three
years.
7350 Gregory XIII (1502-1585) was elected pope in 1572 and devoted his reign to Catholic reform.
7351 Gregory, Lady (1852-1932), an Irish playwright, helped launch the renaissance in Irish drama associated
with Dublin's Abbey Theatre.
7352 Gregory, Augustus (1819-1905), led four major expeditions of exploration in Australia.
7353 Gregory, Dick (1932-...), is a black American entertainer who gained fame for his satirical views on
American racial attitudes.
7354 Gregory, Francis Thomas (1821-1888), brother of Sir Augustus Gregory, led two expeditions into
Western Australia.
7355 Gregory, Jack (1895-1973), came from a great Australian cricketing family.
7356 Greiner, Nick (1947-...), was elected premier of New South Wales in 1988--the first Liberal premier in
twelve years.
7357 Gregory Range is a mountain range offshooting the Great Dividing Range in northern Queensland,
Australia.
7358
Gremlin is a small imaginary creature that supposedly causes mechanical problems in aeroplanes.
7359 Grenada is an independent country in the Caribbean Sea.
7360 Grenade is a small explosive bomb that may be thrown, or may be fired from a rifle.
7361
Grenadines make up a chain of about 600 small and mostly uninhabited islands in the West Indies.
7362 Grenfell, Sir Wilfred Thomason (1865-1940), a British medical missionary, became known as Grenfell of
Labrador.
7363 Grenoble (pop. 153,973; met. area pop. 400,141) is a city in southeastern France.
7364 Grenville was the family name of two British Prime Ministers, a father and son.
7365 Grenville, Sir Richard (1541-1591), an English naval commander, led Sir Walter Raleigh's first colonizing
expedition to America.
7366 Gresham, Sir Thomas (1519?-1579), an English merchant and financier, founded the Royal Exchange in
London.
7367 Gresham's law is an economic principle dealing with the circulation of money.
7368 Gretna Green is a village in Scotland noted for the runaway marriages that were performed there.
7369
Greuze, Jean Baptiste (1725-1805), was a French painter known for his scenes of moral family life.
7370 Grevillea is a genus (group) of about 250 trees and shrubs, almost all of which are Australian.
7371 Grew, Joseph Clark (1880-1965), served as the United States ambassador to Japan before the 1941
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which brought America into World War II (1939-1945).
7372 Grey, Earl (1764-1845), Charles Grey, was a British Whig Prime Minister from 1830 to 1834.
7373 Grey, Beryl (1927-...), is a British ballet dancer.
7374 Grey, Edward (1862-1933), Viscount Grey of Fallodon, was a British diplomat and statesman.
7375 Grey, Sir George (1812-1898), was a British colonial governor.
7376 Grey, Lady Jane (1537-1554), became known as the nine days' queen of England.
7377 Grey, Zane (1872-1939), ranks as one of the most popular authors in American literature of novels about
the Wild West.
7378 Grey nurse shark is a dangerous enemy to people because of its speed and ferocity.
7379 Grey Owl (1888-1938) was the name used by Archibald Stansfeld Belaney in writing and lecturing about
wildlife.
7380
Grey Range is a line of hills in southwest Queensland and northwest New South Wales, Australia.
7381 Greyhound is one of the fastest of all dogs.
7382
Greyhound racing, also called dog racing, is a sport in which greyhounds compete on an oval track.
7383 Grid is a network of straight lines drawn on a map.
7384 Grieg, Edvard (1843-1907), was a Norwegian composer.
7385 Grierson, John (1898-1972), was a British director and producer of documentary films that influenced the
techniques of modern film production.
7386 Griffin was a strange creature of Greek mythology, with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of
a lion.
7387 Griffin, Robert Paul (1923-...), a United States politician, served as assistant minority leader of the U.S.
Senate from 1969 to 1977, a leading role role in the Republican Party, which he represented in
Michigan.
7388 Griffin, Walter Burley (1876-1937), an American architect, gained worldwide recognition as a town
planner with his design for Canberra, the capital of Australia.
7389 Griffith (pop. 20,536), is an Australian city in central southern New South Wales.
7390 Griffith, Arthur (1872-1922), was an Irish journalist and politician who, in 1905, founded an organization
called Sinn Fein, meaning We Ourselves.
7391 Griffith, D. W. (1875-1948), was a pioneer American film director and producer.
7392 Griffith, Sir Samuel Walker (1845-1920), was premier of Queensland, Australia, twice between 1883 and
1893.
7393 Grignard, Francois Auguste Victor (1871-1935), was a French organic chemist.
7394 Grillparzer, Franz (1791-1872), was an Austrian playwright.
7395 Grimaldi, Joseph (1779-1837), was one of the greatest British clowns, and had an important influence on
the development of the pantomime.
7396 Grimes, Martha (1931-...), is an American author famous for detective novels with an English
background.
7397 Grimm is the family name of two German brothers, Jakob Ludwig Grimm (1785-1863) and Wilhelm Karl
Grimm (1786-1859).
7398 Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoffel von (1622?-1676), was a German author.
7399 Grimmett, Clarrie (1891-1980), a New Zealand-born cricketer, was one of the best spin bowlers to
represent Australia.
7400 Grimm's Fairy Tales is a famous collection of German folk tales.
7401 Grimond, Lord (1913-1993), was a British politician.
7402 Grimsby, Great (pop. 88,900), is a town on Humberside, England.
7403 Grinding and polishing are two important manufacturing processes.
7404 Gris, Juan (1887-1927), a Spanish-born painter, made important contributions to the modern style of
painting called cubism.
7405
Grison is the name of two species of furry, weasellike animals that live in Central and South America.
7406 Grizzly bear is a large, powerful bear of western North America.
7407 Groat was a British silver coin worth 4 old pennies (11/2 pence).
7408 Grofe, Ferde (1892-1972), was an American composer and arranger.
7409 Gromyko, Andrei Andreyevich (1909-1989), was an important official of the former Soviet Union for
many years.
7410 Groote Eylandt is an island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, in northern Australia.
7411 Gropius, Walter (1883-1969), was a German architect.
7412 Grosbeak is any one of several handsome perching birds that belong to the finch family.
7413 Grose, Francis (1758?-1814), a British soldier, was appointed lieutenant governor of New South Wales,
in Australia, and commandant of the New South Wales Corps in 1789.
7414 Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all goods and services produced in a country during a
given period.
7415 Grosseteste, Robert (1175?-1253) was an English scholar, teacher, and bishop.
7416 Grossmith, George (1847-1912), was a British entertainer famous for his songs and sketches at the
piano.
7417 Grosz, George (1893-1959), a German painter, became famous in the 1920's for his biting satires of the
military and wealthy classes, and for drawings criticizing the moral collapse of society after World War I
(1914-1918).
7418 Grote, George (1794-1871), an English historian and politician, wrote his famous 12-volume History of
Greece (1846-1856) after he had retired as a London bank manager.
7419 Grotius, Hugo (1583-1645), a Dutch lawyer, theologian, statesman, and poet, is considered the founder
of international law.
7420 Ground sloth is a huge, extinct animal of the sloth family.
7421 Ground squirrel is any member of the squirrel family that burrows underground to build its nest.
7422 Ground water is water beneath the surface of the earth.
7423 Grounds, Sir Roy (1905-1981), a prominent Australian architect, was awarded the Royal Australian
Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1968.
7424 Groundsel, or common groundsel, is a common weed of the daisy family.
7425
Group dynamics includes the forces that work on any group of people and determine what it does.
7426 Group of Seven was a group of seven Canadian artists who painted in the early 1900's.
7427 Grouper, also known as groper, is a type of ocean fish that lives in warm and temperate seas, mostly
around rocky shores and coral reefs.
7428 Grouse is a bird that lives in the Northern Hemisphere.
7429 Grout, Wally (1927-1968), was a record-setting Australian wicketkeeper (see CRICKET).
7430 Grove, Sir George (1820-1900), was a distinguished British writer on music.
7431 Groves, Sir Charles (1915-1992), was an internationally acclaimed British conductor.
7432 Growth is an increase in the number or size of a living thing's cells.
7433 Grub is the name given to the larva (immature form) of certain insects.
7434 Gruenther, Alfred Maximilian (1899-1983), an American Army officer, won fame for his work with the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
7435 Grunewald, Matthias (1470's-1528), was a German painter of dramatic religious scenes.
7436
Grunion is a small, silvery fish that lives along the coast of southern California and northwestern Mexico.
7437 Grunt is an ocean fish that makes a grunting sound both in and out of the water.
7438 Gu Kaizhi (A.D. 345?-406?), also spelled Ku K'ai-chih, was the first Chinese painter recognized as a
great master.
7439 Guadalajara (pop. 1,650,205; met. area pop. 2,846,720) is the second largest city in Mexico.
7440 Guadalcanal Island lies in the Coral Sea, east of the southern tip of New Guinea.
7441 Guadalupe Day commemorates the day that the Virgin Mary is believed to have appeared to Juan
Diego, a poor Indian.
7442 Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of. The United States and Mexico signed an agreement on Feb. 2, 1848,
that officially ended the Mexican War (1846-1848), which was fought over the status of Texas and other
territorial disputes.
7443 Guadeloupe is an island territory in the Caribbean Sea, located about 600 kilometres north of Venezuela
and lying between the islands of Montserrat and Dominica.
7444 Guam is a territory of the United States located in the Mariana Island group.
7445 Guan is a game bird of tropical America.
7446 Guanaco is an animal that looks like a small camel without a hump.
7447 Guangzhou (pop. 3,918,010) is the largest city in southern China and a major centre of international
trade.
7448 Guano is the waste matter of sea birds and bats.
7449 Guantanamo (pop. 167,405) is a city in southern Cuba, about 15 kilometres inland from Guantanamo
Bay, the site of a United States naval base.
7450 Guar is a hardy, drought-resistant legume grown for its seeds, as forage, and as a green manure crop to
improve the soil.
7451 Guarantee is an agreement, usually in writing, whereby one person promises to pay another's debt if the
latter fails to pay.
7452 Guardian, in law, is a person appointed by a court to care for another person called a ward, or for
another person's property, or both.
7453 Guards are the regiments of the British Army that form the Household Division.
7454 Guarneri is the name of a famous family of violinmakers who lived in Cremona, Italy.
7455 Guatemala is a Central American republic bounded by Mexico to the north and west, Honduras and
Belize to the east and El Salvador to the south.
7456 Guatemala City is the capital and largest city of Guatemala.
7457 Guava is a tropical fruit.
7458 Guayaquil (pop. 1,199,344) is the largest city and chief seaport in Ecuador.
7459 Guayule is a rubber-producing shrub that is native to the desert of southwestern Texas and north-central
Mexico.
7460 Guelder-rose is a handsome shrub of the honeysuckle family.
7461 Guelphs and Ghibellines were two political groups in Italy during the late Middle Ages.
7462 Guenon is any of a group of monkeys that live throughout Africa south of the Sahara.
7463 Guernsey is the westernmost of the Channel Islands in the English Channel.
7464 Guerrilla warfare is warfare by roving bands of fighters who torment the enemy with ambushes, sudden
raids, and other small-scale attacks.
7465 Guest, Edgar Albert (1881-1959), a British-born American poet, wrote about friendship, family affection,
the home, and similar subjects.
7466 Guevara, Che (1928-1967), was perhaps the second most powerful member of the Cuban government
under Fidel Castro.
7467 Guggenheim, Meyer (1828?-1905), was a Swiss-born industrialist who made a fortune in the United
States in the mining and smelting business.
7468 Guggenheim Museum houses an important collection of paintings, sculptures, and other works of art
created in the late 1800's and 1900's.
7469 Guided missile is a bomblike flying weapon that is steered to its target.
7470 Guido D'Arezzo (995?-1050?), a Benedictine monk, was an Italian music teacher.
7471 Guildford (pop. 121,500) is a local government district in Surrey, England, centred on the town of
Guildford.
7472 Guilds, in the Middle Ages, were associations of people who had common interests, or who were
engaged in the same work.
7473 Guilfoyle, Dame Margaret (1926-...), a leading Australian politician, was Liberal senator for Victoria in the
Australian Federal Parliament and served as a Cabinet minister from 1975 to 1983.
7474 Guillemot is a sea bird in the auk family.
7475 Guillotine was a beheading machine.
7476 Guinea is a region on the west coast of Africa.
7477 Guinea is a country on the west coast of Africa.
7478 Guinea was an old English coin, equal to 21 shillings.
7479 Guinea-Bissau is a small, independent country on the bulge of Africa's west coast.
7480 Guinea pig is a small South American mammal.
7481 Guineafowl is a close relative of the pheasant.
7482 Guinness is the name of an Irish family of brewers and philanthropists.
7483 Guinness, Sir Alec (1914-...), is a famous English stage and film actor.
7484 Guitar is a popular stringed instrument.
7485 Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874), was a French historian and statesman.
7486 Gujarat is a state in northwestern India, on the border with Pakistan.
7487 Gujral, Shri Inder Kumar (1919-...), became India's prime minister, as leader of the Janata Dal Party, in
1997.
7488 Gulbenkian is the family name of two financiers and oil industrialists, father and son.
7489 Gulf is a large body of salt water that is partially enclosed by land.
7490 Gulf Cooperation Council is an organization of Arab states that work together in such matters as military
defence and economic policy.
7491 Gulf of California is an arm of the Pacific Ocean that lies between the Lower California peninsula and the
mainland of Mexico.
7492 Gulf of Carpentaria, an arm of the Arafura Sea, stretches into northern Australia.
7493 Gulf of Mexico is a great curved arm of the Atlantic Ocean.
7494 Gulf of Saint Lawrence is a deep arm of the Atlantic Ocean, and the largest gulf on the North American
coast, except for the Gulf of Mexico.
7495
Gulf Saint Vincent is an inlet of the Indian Ocean that stretches 144 kilometres into South Australia.
7496 Gulf Stream is a major ocean current.
7497 Gulgong (pop. 1,988), is a former gold-rush town on the central tablelands of New South Wales,
Australia.
7498 Gull is a type of long-winged bird about the size of a pigeon or larger.
7499 Gulliver's Travels is a great satire in English literature, and a favourite children's story.
7500 Gullstrand, Allvar (1862-1930), a Swedish ophthalmologist, won the 1911 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine for his work on the refraction of light through the eye.
7501 Gum is any of many sticky substances that have a number of uses in industry.
7502 Gum arabic is a brittle kind of gum used chiefly in making perfumes, medicine, sweets, and mucilage
(adhesive).
7503 Gum resin is a group of vegetable substances that are obtained from the leaves, bark, and roots of
plants.
7504 Gum tree is the name of many trees that produce gum.
7505 Gun is a weapon that fires a bullet, a shell, or some other missile.
7506 Guncotton is an explosive.
7507 Gundagai (pop. 3,892), a town in southeastern New South Wales, Australia, stands beside the
Murrumbidgee River, midway between Sydney and Melbourne.
7508 Gunn, Mrs. Aeneas (1870-1961), was an Australian writer who became famous for her novels based on
her life and experience in the Northern Territory in the early 1900's.
7509
Gunn, Neil Miller (1891-1973), was a Scottish writer who was closely involved in Scottish nationalism.
7510 Gunn, Thom (1929-...), gained fame as a leading British poet in the 1950's and 1960's.
7511
Gunnell, Sally (1966-...) is an outstanding British hurdler in the 400 metres event (see HURDLING).
7512 Gunpowder is an explosive material that burns rapidly to form high-pressure gas.
7513 Gunpowder Plot was a plan to blow up the English Houses of Parliament on Nov. 5, 1605, when King
James I and a council of government officials were to be present.
7514 Gunsynd, known as the Goondiwindi Grey, was one of the most popular race horses in Australia.
7515 Gunther, John (1901-1970), an American journalist, became famous for a series of books that drew on
his observations as a foreign correspondent.
7516 Gunya is an Australian Aboriginal word for a temporary hut or windbreak.
7517
Guo Moruo (1892-1978), a Chinese scholar, was a leading historian and writer in China in the 1900's.
7518 Guppy is a small tropical fish.
7519 Gupta dynasty was a series of rulers of one family who reigned in northern India from about A.D. 320 to
500.
7520 Gurindji is the name of an Aboriginal tribe in the Northern Territory, Australia.
7521 Gurnard is the name of some marine fishes that live in warm coastal seas.
7522 Gustavus I (1496-1560) was the first king of independent Sweden.
7523 Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) was king of Sweden from 1611 to 1632.
7524 Guston, Philip (1913-1980), was an American painter who gained recognition in the 1940's, largely for
his melancholy city scenes.
7525 Gutenberg, Johannes (1395?-1468?), invented the type mould, which made printing from movable
metallic type practical for the first time.
7526 Guthrie, A. B., Jr. (1901-1991), was an American author known for his novels about the Oregon Trail and
frontier life in the Rocky Mountains.
7527 Guthrie, Alexander (1796-1865), a British merchant in Singapore, founded the trading house Guthrie and
Company Limited.
7528 Guthrie, Sir Tyrone (1900-1971), was a British theatrical director and producer noted for his imaginative
staging techniques.
7529 Guthrie, Woody (1912-1967), was an American folk singer and composer.
7530 Gutierrez Alea, Tomas (1928-1996), was a leading Latin-American filmmaker and one of the founders of
modern Cuban cinema.
7531 Gutta-percha is a milky juice obtained chiefly from the Palaquium gutta trees of Malaysia.
7532 Guy, Thomas (1645?-1724), was a great English public benefactor.
7533 Guy of Warwick was the legendary hero of an English romance.
7534 Guyana is a country on the northeast coast of South America.
7535 Gwardar, also called western brown snake, is a dangerous snake found in northwestern and central
Australia.
7536 Gwent was a county in southeastern Wales.
7537 Gwyn, Nell (1650-1687), was one of England's first actresses.
7538 Gwynedd is a United Kingdom local government area in North Wales.
7539 Gymnasium is a special room or building for instruction and practice in physical training.
7540 Gymnastics is a competitive sport for both men and women in which participants demonstrate body
control over a wide range of acrobatic exercises and other movements.
7541 Gymnosperm is the name of one of the two large groups of seed plants.
7542 Gympie (pop. 10,786), is a town in Queensland, Australia, that lies 185 kilometres north of Brisbane by
road.
7543 Gyor (pop. 129,116) is a major commercial and industrial city in northwestern Hungary.
7544
Gypsies, also spelled Gipsies, are a group of wandering people whose ancestors originally lived in India.
7545 Gypsophila is a plant that has masses of tiny starlike flowers.
7546 Gypsum is a white to yellowish-white mineral used to make plaster of Paris.
7547 Gypsy moth is a member of the tussock moth family that is destructive to forest and fruit trees,
particularly in North America.
7548 Gyrocompass is a mechanical device that determines direction.
7549
Gyroscope, also called a gyro, is a device that uses rotation to produce a stable direction in space.
7550 Gyrostabilizer is a large gyroscope that reduces the rolling of a ship at sea and makes travel more
comfortable.
7551 H is the eighth letter of the English alphabet.
7552 Haakon VII, (1872-1957), was chosen King of Norway by the Norwegian people and parliament, after the
separation of Norway from Sweden in 1905 .
7553 Haast Pass is the lowest and most southerly of the passes that cross the Southern Alps in the South
Island of New Zealand.
7554 Habakkuk, Book of, is a book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible.
7555
Habeas corpus is a legal term which, in its original Latin, means you are ordered to have the body.
7556 Haber process is a commercial method of producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.
7557 Habgood, John Stapylton (1927-...), became archbishop of York, in England, in July 1983.
7558 Habit is something a person learns to do over and over again without thinking about how to do it.
7559 Habitat is the kind of place in which a plant or an animal usually lives in nature.
7560 Habsburg, House of, was a famous European royal family.
7561 Hacienda is a large farm or country estate in Spanish America.
7562 Hackberry is the name of several species of trees of the elm family that are valued for their wood, have
edible fruits and are planted as ornamental trees.
7563 Hackney (pop. 164,200) is a borough in Greater London.
7564 Hackney carriage is a vehicle that stands or plies for hire.
7565 Haddock is an important food fish that belongs to the cod family.
7566 Hades was the god of the dead in Greek mythology.
7567 Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott (1859-1940), an English metallurgist, discovered a nonmagnetic manganese
steel.
7568 Hadlee, Sir Richard (1951-...), a New Zealand cricketer, became one of the world's top bowlers in the
1980's.
7569 Hadow, Sir William Henry (1859-1937), an English educationist, helped originate the Eleven-Plus
examination (see ELEVEN-PLUS).
7570 Hadrian (A.D. 76-138), a Roman emperor, stabilized Roman law into a single, uniform code, and made
government more efficient.
7571 Hadrian's Wall was built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian in the A.D. 120's across northern Britain
between Solway Firth and the mouth of the River Tyne.
7572 Hadron is a major group of subatomic particles.
7573 Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich (1834-1919), a German zoologist, became known for his theory of
recapitulation.
7574 Haematite is an ore that supplies most of the world's iron.
7575 Haemoglobin is the pigment that transports oxygen in the blood.
7576 Haemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells.
7577 Haemophilia is a hereditary disease in which the blood does not clot normally.
7578
Haemorrhage is bleeding, either within the body (internal) or through a break in the skin (external).
7579 Haemorrhoids are enlargements of the veins of the rectum.
7580 Hafiz (?-1389?), also spelled Hafez, is the poetic name of the Persian poet Mohammed Shams ud-Din
Hafez.
7581 Hafnium, a chemical element, is a silver-coloured metal.
7582 Hagen, Walter (1892-1969), was a great American golfer and the player most responsible for elevating
professional golf into a major sport.
7583 Hagenbeck, Carl (1844-1913), organized the type of trained wild animal acts that are sometimes
presented today.
7584 Hagfish is an eellike fish related to the lampreys.
7585 Haggai, Book of, is a book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible, named after an ancient Hebrew
prophet.
7586 Haggard, Sir Henry Rider (1856-1925), was one of the most successful English writers of popular fiction
in the late 1800's.
7587 Hagia Sophia is the finest and most famous example of Byzantine architecture in the world.
7588 Hague, The (pop. 449,338; met. area pop. 677,962), is the seat of the Netherlands government and the
official residence of the country's monarch.
7589 Hahn, Kurt (1886-1974), an educationist, founded Gordonstoun School, in Grampian Region, Scotland,
in 1934.
7590 Hahn, Otto (1879-1968), was a German chemist who won the 1944 Nobel Prize for chemistry for splitting
the atom.
7591 Hahnemann, Samuel (1755-1843), a German doctor, founded the homeopathic method of treating
disease.
7592 Haifa (pop. 246,500) is Israel's chief port and an important manufacturing and cultural centre.
7593 Haig, Douglas (1861-1928), commanded the British forces in France during most of World War I.
7594 Hail is a precipitation in the form of round or irregularly shaped lumps of ice.
7595 Haile Selassie I (1892-1975) became emperor of Ethiopia in 1930.
7596 Hailsham, Lord (1907-...), Quintin McGarel Hogg, served as lord chancellor in Great Britain from 1970 to
1974, and from 1979 to 1987.
7597 Haines, Janine (1945-...), was the first woman in Australian history to head a political party.
7598 Haiphong (pop. 1,190,900) is a manufacturing centre and seaport in northern Vietnam.
7599 Hair is a threadlike structure that grows from the skin of mammals.
7600 Hairdressing is the art of cutting, setting, arranging, and otherwise caring for the hair.
7601 Haiti is an independent country in the Caribbean Sea.
7602 Hajj, also spelled hadj, is a holy pilgrimage to Mecca, the holy city of the Islamic religion.
7603 Hake is the name of a group of food fish closely related to the cod.
7604 Hakea is a genus (group) of 130 to 140 trees and shrubs that grow naturally only in Australia.
7605 Hakluyt, Richard (1552?-1616), was a British clergyman and geographer.
7606
Halberg, Murray (1933-...), a New Zealand athlete, established several world track records in the 1960's.
7607 Halcyon days, according to sea tradition, is the two-week period of calm weather before and after the
shortest day of the year, about December 21.
7608 Haldane, J. B. S. (1892-1964), was a British scientist who made many contributions in the fields of
mathematics, physiology, biochemistry, and biology.
7609 Hale, George Ellery (1868-1938), was an American astronomer who pioneered the development of
instruments for studying the sun.
7610 Hale, Nathan (1755-1776), was an American patriot of the American Revolution.
7611 Halevi, Judah (1085-1141?), was one of the greatest Hebrew poets of the Middle Ages.
7612 Haley, Alex (1921-1992), was an American author who became famous for his book Roots: The Saga of
an American Family (1976).
7613 Haley, Gail E. (1939-...), an American children's book author and illustrator, won the 1971 Caldecott
medal for her pictures for A Story--A Story.
7614 Halibut is one of the largest and most important of the flatfishes.
7615 Halifax (pop. 330,846) is the capital of Nova Scotia, Canada.
7616 Halifax is a town in the Calderdale local government district of West Yorkshire, England.
7617 Hall, Ben (1837-1865), was an Australian bushranger.
7618 Hall, Charles Martin (1863-1914), was an American chemist.
7619 Hall, James (1811-1898), was an American palaeontologist, and one of the most influential scientists of
his time.
7620 Hall, Sir Peter (1930-...), an English theatrical director, won fame with his production of contemporary
plays, such as Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, The Waltz of the Toreadors by Jean Anouilh, and
Camino Real by Tennessee Williams.
7621 Hall effect is an electrical phenomenon that occurs when a current flows through a material in a
magnetic field.
7622
Hallam, Henry (1777-1859), was an English historian who is best remembered for three main works.
7623 Halle, Sir Charles (1819-1895), an internationally admired conductor and pianist, founded the Halle
Orchestra in 1857 and was influential in founding the Royal Manchester College of Music.
7624 Hallett Cove is a coastal area 22 kilometres southwest of Adelaide, South Australia, that is of
archaeological and geological significance.
7625 Halley, Edmond (1656-1742), also spelled Edmund, was an English astronomer noted for his work on
comets.
7626 Halley's Comet is a brilliant comet named after the English astronomer Edmond Halley.
7627 Halliburton, Richard (1900-1939), was an American adventurer, author, and lecturer.
7628 Hallmark is an official mark used in many countries to stamp gold, silver, or platinum articles in order to
guarantee their standard.
7629 Halloween is a festival that takes place on October 31.
7630 Hallucination is a mental state in which a person sees, hears, tastes, smells, or feels something that is
not present.
7631 Hallucinogen is any of several substances that distort a person's understanding of himself and his
surroundings.
7632 Halo is a luminous ring or a disc of light that surrounds an object.
7633 Halogen. The halogens are the chemical elements astatine (chemical symbol, At), fluorine (F), chlorine
(Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I).
7634 Halothane is a general anaesthetic--that is, it produces unconsciousness and loss of feeling throughout
the entire body.
7635 Halpern, Bernard Naftali (1904-1978), a French research biologist and physician, discovered and
studied antihistamine drugs.
7636 Hals, Frans (1580?-1666), was one of the finest Dutch portrait painters of the 1600's.
7637 Halsey, William Frederick, Jr. (1882-1959), was one of the leading United States naval commanders in
World War II.
7638 Halton (pop. 121,400) in Cheshire, England, was created a unitary authority in 1998, with all local
government powers within its boundaries.
7639 Ham is the meat taken from the hind leg of a pig.
7640 Haman, in the Old Testament, is the villain of the book of Esther.
7641 Hambleton (pop. 77,600) is a local government district in North Yorkshire, England.
7642
Hamburg (pop. 1,652,363) is Germany's second-largest city and its most important industrial centre.
7643 Hamengku Buwono IX (1912-1988) was sultan of Yogyakarta, Java, from 1939 to 1988.
7644 Hamersley Range, now known as Karijini, in the northwestern part of Western Australia, is one of the
richest mineral areas in the world.
7645 Hamilcar Barca (?-229 B.C.) was a great general of Carthage and the father of Hannibal, Carthage's
most famous general.
7646 Hamilton (pop. 9,756) is a city in Victoria, Australia.
7647 Hamilton (pop. 1,669) is the capital and chief port of Bermuda.
7648
Hamilton (pop. 306,278, met. area pop. 557,029), Ontario, is the centre of the Canadian steel industry.
7649 Hamilton (pop. 148,625) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand.
7650 Hamilton (pop. 103,139) is a local government district in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
7651 Hamilton, Alexander (1755 or 1757-1804), was a noted statesman and political leader during the early
years of the United States.
7652 Hamilton Island is located off the coast of northern Queensland, Australia, in the Cumberland group of
islands in the Great Barrier Reef.
7653 Hamites are certain African peoples who live mainly in eastern, northern, and northeastern Africa,
including parts of Ethiopia, the Sahara, and the Sudan.
7654 Hamka (1908-1981) is the name by which one of Indonesia's religious leaders and writers on Islamic
subjects is known.
7655 Hammarskjold, Dag (1905-1961), served as secretary-general of the United Nations from 1953 until his
death in a plane crash in Africa.
7656 Hammer is a tool used to drive nails and to work metals and other materials.
7657
Hammer throw is a sports contest in which an athlete throws a hammer (metal ball) as far as he can.
7658 Hammerhead is the name of sharks with broad-flattened heads.
7659 Hammersmith and Fulham is a borough within the Greater London area.
7660 Hammerstein, Oscar, II (1895-1960), wrote the lyrics and scripts for many of the most famous shows in
the history of American musical theatre.
7661 Hammett, Dashiell (1894-1961), was an American novelist regarded by some as the leader of the "hardboiled"
school of detective fiction.
7662 Hammond is a ghost town in South Australia, 230 kilometres north of Adelaide.
7663 Hammond, Dame Joan (1912-1996), a New Zealand-born soprano, became famous as an opera singer
and concert artist.
7664 Hammond, John Hays, Jr. (1888-1965), was an American inventor.
7665 Hammond, Walter Reginald (1903-1965), an outstanding English cricketer, captained England and
Gloucestershire cricket teams.
7666 Hammurabi, also spelled Hammurapi, was one of the greatest kings of Babylon.
7667 Hampden, John (1594-1643), was one of the Parliamentary leaders in the English Civil War (1642-1646
and 1648).
7668 Hampden, Walter (1879-1955), was an American actor.
7669 Hampshire is a county in southern England.
7670 Hampton, John Stephen (1809-1869), was governor of Western Australia from 1862 to 1868.
7671 Hampton, Lionel (1913-...), an American jazz musician, became the first major jazz stylist on the
vibraphone.
7672 Hampton Court is a royal palace on the bank of the Thames in southwest London, opposite Kingston
upon Thames.
7673 Hampton Court Conference was a meeting called in 1604 by King James I of England.
7674 Hamster is any of several kinds of small, chunky, furry rodents that live in Europe and Asia.
7675 Hamsun, Knut (1859-1952), was a Norwegian author who wrote about nature and the land.
7676
Han dynasty was a series of emperors of the same family who ruled ancient China for over 400 years.
7677 Han Wudi (156-87 BC), a Chinese ruler of great talent and bold vision, was the fifth emperor of the Han
dynasty.
7678 Hancock, Lang (1909-1992), an Australian prospector and farmer, pioneered aerial prospecting in
Australia.
7679 Hand is the end of a forelimb, or arm.
7680 Hand organ is the general name given to several kinds of musical instruments that produce music when
the player cranks a handle.
7681 Handball is a fast and exciting sport for men and women in which players try to score goals by throwing
a ball into their opponents' goal.
7682
Handcuffs are used by police officers to prevent a suspect or prisoner from having full use of the hands.
7683 Handel, George Frideric (1685-1759), was a German-born composer who is known today mainly
through his musical compositions called oratorios.
7684
Handforth, Thomas (1897-1948), was an American printmaker, illustrator, and author of children's books.
7685 Handgun is a firearm that is operated with one hand.
7686 Handicap is a way to equalize sports competition between opponents who are unequal in ability.
7687 Handicapped is a term used to describe people who have a physical or mental disability that interferes
with their leading a happy, productive life.
7688
Handicraft, also called handcraft or craft, refers to a particular skill or art of making objects by hand.
7689 Handkerchief is a small piece of cloth people carry to wipe their face, nose, or eyes.
7690 Handley, Tommy (1894-1949), was an English comedian who became famous during World War II for
his weekly radio programme "ITMA (It's That Man Again)." This comedy programme ran from 1939 to
1949 and introduced many characters whose catch-phrases wer
7691 Handley Page, Sir Frederick (1885-1962), was a pioneer English aircraft designer and engineer.
7692 Handwriting is an important and immediate way of recording and communicating ideas.
7693 Handwriting-recognition software is a computer program that translates handwritten letters, numbers,
and other characters into individual computer codes.
7694 Handwriting on the wall, also known as the writing on the wall.
7695 Handy, W. C. (1873-1958), was an American composer of blues songs.
7696 Hang Tuah (1450?-1500?) is the most famous Malay folk hero.
7697 Hanging is a means of execution.
7698 Hanging valley is a valley whose mouth lies high on the side of a larger valley.
7699 Hangzhou (pop. 2,589,504), is a Chinese tourist centre and the capital of Zhejiang Province.
7700 Hannan, Paddy (1843-1925), discovered some gold nuggets 80 kilometres northeast of Coolgardie,
Australia, in 1893.
7701 Hannibal (247-183 B.C.) was the greatest general and statesman of Carthage, an ancient North African
city.
7702 Hanoi (pop. 3,058,855), is the capital and second largest city of Vietnam.
7703 Hanover, also spelled Hannover, is a historic area in what is now northern Germany.
7704 Hanover (pop. 513,010), also spelled Hannover, is one of the largest cities in Germany.
7705 Hansard is the name of the official reports of the proceedings of the British Parliament.
7706 Hanseatic League was a confederation of north German cities, founded in the late 1200's.
7707 Hansen, Alvin Harvey (1887-1975), an American economist, believed that an economic depression like
that of the 1930's could be prevented by government planning for full employment.
7708 Hansom, Joseph Aloysius (1803-1882), an English inventor and architect, developed the Patent Safety
Cab, commonly called the Hansom Cab, in 1834.
7709 Hanukkah is the Jewish Festival of Lights or Feast of Dedication.
7710 Hanuman is the monkey general in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayana.
7711 Hara-kiri is a method of suicide used by members of the Japanese warrior class, or samurai.
7712 Harare (pop. 1,200,000) is the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe.
7713 Harbin (pop. 3,597,404) is one of the largest cities in China.
7714
Harborough (pop. 66,200) is an extensive rural local government district in Leicestershire, England.
7715 Harbour is any sheltered body of water where ships may moor or anchor.
7716 Hard drive is a device that stores information in virtually all desktop and laptop computers.
7717 Hardie, Keir (1856-1915), was a pioneer of the British Labour Party.
7718 Harding, Warren Gamaliel (1865-1923), was president of the United States from 1921 until his death on
Aug. 2, 1923.
7719 Hardness is the ability of a material to scratch a mark on other substances, or to resist being scratched
by them.
7720 Hardy, Frank (1917-...), an Australian author, became known for the social themes that characterized
such books as The Unlucky Australians.
7721 Hardy, Thomas (1840-1928), was an English novelist and poet.
7722 Hare is a long-eared mammal with powerful hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.
7723 Hare, David (1947-...), is a British playwright and director.
7724 Harem is the women's section of a household in some Middle Eastern and Asian countries.
7725 Hargrave, Lawrence (1850-1915), an Australian pioneer in aviation, conducted many experiments
involving the principles of flight.
7726 Hargraves, Edward Hammond (1816-1891), an Australian goldminer, discovered gold near Bathurst in
New South Wales, Australia, in 1851.
7727 Hargreaves, James (1722?-1778), invented the spinning jenny, the first commercially successful
machine to spin many threads at a time.
7728 Haringey (pop. 187,300) is a borough in Greater London.
7729 Harington, Sir Charles Robert (1897-1972), a British chemist, made important discoveries in
biochemistry.
7730 Harkins, William Draper (1873-1951), an American chemist, helped to clarify thinking on the nature of
the atom.
7731 Harkness, Edward Stephen (1874-1940), was an American philanthropist.
7732 Harlech is a village in Gwynedd, Wales.
7733 Harley Street is in Westminster, in London, and runs southwards from Marylebone Road to Cavendish
Square.
7734 Harlow (pop. 73,500) is a local government district and a new town in Essex, England.
7735 Harlow, Harry Frederick (1905-1981), was an American psychologist.
7736 Harmattan is a cool, extremely dry wind that forms over the Sahara and blows westward or
southwestward to the African coast.
7737 Harmonica is the name given to two simple musical instruments.
7738 Harmonics are the components of a musical tone.
7739 Harmonium is a reed organ.
7740 Harmony is the study of musical chords and their relationships.
7741 Harmsworth is the name of a British family of newspaper owners and politicians.
7742 Harnack, Adolf von (1851-1930), was a German scholar of the New Testament.
7743 Harness is the equipment placed on a horse or other animal that enables it to pull a vehicle with its
shoulders.
7744 Harold was the name of two early English kings.
7745 Harold I (860?-940?), also spelled Harald, was the first king of Norway.
7746 Harold III (1015-1066) was king of Norway.
7747 Harp is one of the oldest known stringed instruments.
7748 Harpoon is an arrow-shaped weapon that is used to spear large fish and whales.
7749 Harpsichord is a musical instrument that resembles a small piano.
7750 Harpur, Charles (1813-1868), was one of the first Australian poets to realistically portray Australian life
and landscape.
7751
Harpy, in Greek and Roman mythology, was a frightful monster that was half woman and half bird.
7752 Harpy eagle is a large bird of prey that lives in lowland tropical forests.
7753 Harquebus, also called arquebus, was an early handgun.
7754 Harrier is the name of ten species of slim-bodied birds of prey.
7755 Harrier is a breed of dog that was developed for the sport of hunting hares.
7756 Harriman, W. Averell (1891-1986), an American statesman and businessman, was one of the leading
diplomats of the mid-1900's.
7757 Harris, Sir Arthur (1892-1984), was an English commander in chief of the Royal Air Force's Bomber
Command from 1942 until 1945.
7758 Harris, Benjamin (1660?-1720), published the first newspaper in America.
7759 Harris, Howel (1714-1773), was one of the founders of Welsh Methodism.
7760 Harris, Joel Chandler (1848-1908), an American author and journalist, became famous for his Uncle
Remus stories.
7761 Harris, John (1754-1838), a surgeon, served with the New South Wales Corps in Australia.
7762 Harris, Reg (1920-1992), became the first Englishman to win the world professional sprint cycling
championship.
7763 Harris, Rolf (1930-...), an Australian entertainer and singer, first became well known when his song "Tie
Me Kangaroo Down, Sport" was a great success in 1960.
7764 Harris, Roy (1898-1979), was an American composer.
7765 Harris, William Torrey (1835-1909), an American educator, helped establish the first public school
kindergarten in the United States in St. Louis in 1873.
7766 Harrison, Benjamin (1726-1791), was a delegate from what became the U.S. state of Virginia to the
Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777.
7767 Harrison, Frederic (1831-1923), a lawyer and author, was a leading exponent of the Positivist philosophy
(see COMTE, AUGUSTE).
7768 Harrison, George (1943-...), is an English singer, guitarist, and composer who gained international fame
as a member of the pop group, the Beatles, from 1962 to 1970.
7769 Harrison, John (1693-1776), was a skilful maker of scientific instruments.
7770 Harrison, William Henry (1773-1841), a president of the United States, served the shortest time in office
of any U.S. president.
7771 Harrod, Sir Roy (1900-1978), an English economist and writer, became known as an outspoken Liberal
critic of restrictive government policies.
7772 Harrogate (pop. 141,000) is a local government district and town in North Yorkshire, England.
7773 Harrow. After farmers plough the ground, they must break the clods of earth into smaller pieces with a
harrow before they plant seeds.
7774 Harrow (pop. 194,300) is a borough within the Greater London area.
7775
Harsha (A.D. 590?-647) was an Indian king who ruled most of northern India from A.D. 606 to 647.
7776 Hart (pop. 78,700), a local government district in Hampshire, England, is an agricultural area with some
rich farmland.
7777 Hart, Albert Bushnell (1854-1943), a United States historian, encouraged the study of history by
investigating original sources.
7778 Hart, Lorenz (1895-1943), was an American writer of lyrics of popular songs.
7779 Hart, Moss (1904-1961), was an American playwright and director.
7780 Hart, W. E. (1885-1943), an Australian aviator, was the first person to be awarded a pilot's certificate in
Australia.
7781 Harte, Bret (1836-1902), was an American author who became famous for his colourful stories about the
West.
7782 Hartebeest is a large African antelope.
7783 Hartford (pop. 139,739; met. area pop. 767,841), is the capital and second largest city of Connecticut,
U.S.A. Only Bridgeport has more people.
7784 Hartlepool (pop. 87,310), is a unitary authority (local government area) and industrial town in northeast
England.
7785 Hartley, L. P. (1895-1972), an English novelist and short-story writer, wrote Eustace and Hilda (1947), a
novel that was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.
7786 Hartley, Marsden (1877-1943), was one of the first American painters to experiment with cubism and
abstract art.
7787 Hartmann von Aue (1170?-1210?) was a German poet.
7788 Hartog, Dirk, a Dutch navigator born in the 1500's, was the first European to land on the western coast of
Australia.
7789 Harty, Sir Hamilton (1879-1941), was an Irish composer and conductor.
7790 Harun al-Rashid (766-806) was an important ruler of the Abbasid Dynasty, which governed the Islamic
empire during the Middle Ages.
7791 Harunobu (1725-1770) was a Japanese printmaker.
7792 Harvard University is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.
7793 Harvest moon is the name given to the full moon that occurs nearest the autumnal equinox of the sun,
about September 23.
7794 Harvestman is a spider-like animal.
7795 Harvey, Neil (1928-...), one of Australia's greatest test batsmen, stands fourth in Australian batting
averages for test matches.
7796 Harvey, William (1578-1657), was an English doctor who discovered how blood circulates in the human
body.
7797
Harvey, William Henry (1811-1866), an Irish botanist, was a leading authority on algae and seaweeds.
7798 Haryana is a state in northern India.
7799 Hashish is a drug that acts on the central nervous system.
7800 Hasidism is a movement in modern Judaism.
7801 Haskalah was a movement that tried to modernize traditional Jewish beliefs and practices.
7802 Hasluck, Sir Paul (1905-1993), was governor general of Australia from 1969 to 1974.
7803 Hassan II (1929-...) became king of Morocco in 1961.
7804
Hassanali, Noor (1918-...), a lawyer, became president of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago in 1987.
7805 Hassett, Lindsay (1913-1993), captained the Australian cricket team from 1948 to 1953.
7806
Hastings (pop. 78,100) is a seaside resort and local government district in East Sussex, England.
7807 Hastings (pop. 57,748) is a city on the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
7808
Hastings, Battle of (Oct. 14, 1066), resulted in the conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy.
7809 Hastings, Sir Patrick Gardiner (1880-1952), was an English barrister, writer, and politician.
7810 Hastings, Warren (1732-1818), was the first governor general of India.
7811 Hat is the name of any of several kinds of coverings for the head.
7812 Hathaway, Anne (1556?-1623), was the maiden name of the wife of William Shakespeare.
7813 Hathor, sometimes called Athyr, was an ancient Egyptian goddess of the sky.
7814 Hatoum, Mona (1952-...), is a Lebanese artist.
7815
Hatshepsut (? 1503-1482? B.C.), was the fourth female pharaoh, or monarch, in Egyptian history.
7816 Hatta, Mohammad (1902-1980), an Indonesian nationalist leader, proclaimed his country's
independence in 1945, together with Sukarno, who became Indonesia's first president.
7817 Hattersley, Roy (1932-...), a Labour politician, was deputy leader of the British Labour Party from 1983 to
1992.
7818 Haughey, Charles James (1925-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, served as taoiseach (prime minister)
of the Republic for three terms.
7819 Hauptmann, Gerhart (1862-1946), a German dramatist, won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1912.
7820 Hauraki Plains cover a large area of low-lying land in the lower basin of the Waihou and Piako rivers in
the North Island of New Zealand.
7821 Haus Tambaran. A sacred house in Papua New Guinea.
7822 Hausa are a black people of West Africa.
7823 Havana (pop. 2,119,059) is the capital, chief port, and largest city of Cuba.
7824
Havant (pop. 117,400) is a local government district on the coast of Hampshire in southern England.
7825 Havel, Vaclav (1936-...), became president of the Czech Republic in 1993.
7826 Havelok the Dane was the hero of several English stories which appeared about 1290.
7827 Havering (pop. 224,400) is a borough within the Greater London area.
7828 Havers, Lord (1923-1992), an English politician was the United Kingdom's lord chancellor from June to
October 1987.
7829 Haversian canals are tiny channels within compact bone tissue, the hard, outer layers of bone.
7830 Hawaii is the only state in the United States that does not lie on the mainland of North America.
7831 Hawaiian honeycreeper is any member of a family of about 20 species of sparrow-sized birds that live
only in Hawaii.
7832 Hawdon, Joseph (1812-1871), a farmer, explorer, and politician, pioneered the first overland cattle route
to South Australia in 1838.
7833
Hawes, Charles Boardman (1889-1923), was an American author of sea-adventure books for boys.
7834 Hawfinch is a large finch, up to 18 centimetres long with a big head and a very thick heavy bill.
7835 Hawk refers to a type of bird of prey.
7836 Hawk moth is a member of a worldwide family of large, brightly coloured moths that are also called
sphinx moths.
7837 Hawke, Baron (1705-1781), Edward Hawke, United Kingdom admiral of the fleet, distinguished himself
in several sea battles against the French during the mid-1700's.
7838 Hawke, Bob (1929-...), served as prime minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991.
7839 Hawke Bay is a bay on the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
7840 Hawker, George Charles (1818-1895), a farmer, pioneer, and politician, established a Merino stud,
known as Bungaree, near Clare in South Australia in 1841.
7841 Hawker, Harry George (1889-1921), an Australian pioneer in aviation, won fame as a pilot and aircraft
engineer during World War I (1914-1918).
7842 Hawkes, Jacquetta (1910-1996), an English archaeologist and author, carried out excavations in the
United Kingdom, Ireland, France, and Palestine.
7843 Hawkes Bay is a province on the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
7844 Hawkesbury River is in New South Wales, Australia.
7845 Hawking, Stephen William (1942-...), is a British theoretical physicist.
7846 Hawkins, Coleman (1904-1969), was the first important tenor saxophonist in jazz.
7847 Hawkins, Sir John (1532-1595), also spelled Hawkyns, was an English sea captain during the reign of
Queen Elizabeth I. He was a fearless adventurer but also the first English slave trader.
7848 Hawks, Howard (1896-1977), was an American film director known for his action films.
7849 Hawkesbury sandstone soil. There are several types of soils associated with the Hawkesbury
sandstone of the Sydney region in Australia.
7850 Hawksmoor, Nicholas (1661-1736), an English architect, designed many of the churches that replaced
those destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.
7851 Hawkweed is a hairy perennial plant with dandelion-like flowers that may be yellow or orange-red.
7852 Haworth, Sir Walter Norman (1883-1950), a British chemist, discovered many general principles
concerning the structures of sugars and starches.
7853 Hawthorn is a thorny shrub or tree with fragrant white, pink, or red flowers.
7854 Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-1864), ranks among America's major authors.
7855 Hay consists of the dried stems and leaves of plants, and serves as feed for cattle, horses, and other
animals.
7856 Hay, Ian (1876-1952), was the pen name of the Scottish novelist, playwright, and soldier Major-General
John Hay Beith.
7857 Hay fever is an allergy that occurs most frequently during the spring, summer, and autumn.
7858 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty enabled the United States to build the Panama Canal.
7859 Hay Point is an Australian port 17 kilometres south of Mackay in Queensland.
7860 Hayam Wuruk (1334?-1389), also known as Rajasanagara, ruled the Javanese state of Majapahit from
1350 to 1389.
7861 Hayden, Melissa (1923-...), is a Canadian-born ballerina.
7862 Hayden, William George (1933-...), became governor general of Australia in 1988.
7863 Haydn, Joseph (1732-1809), an Austrian composer, ranks among the most important persons in the
development of instrumental music.
7864 Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899-1992), an Austrian-born economist, won the 1974 Nobel Prize in
economic science.
7865 Hayes, Helen (1900-1993), was an American actress.
7866 Hayes, Sir Henry Brown (1762-1832), was a colourful and wealthy Irishman who bought the Vaucluse
estate in Sydney in 1803.
7867 Hayes, Patrick Joseph Cardinal (1867-1938), an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church,
became archbishop of New York City in 1919.
7868 Hayes, Rutherford Birchard (1822-1893), was president of the United States from 1877 to 1881.
7869 Hayman Island is a popular Australian tourist resort.
7870 Haynes, Elwood (1857-1925), a pioneer American car inventor and manufacturer, designed one of the
first successful cars.
7871 Hays, Will (1879-1954), was an American politician who became known as the czar of the American film
making industry.
7872 Haywood, William Dudley (1869-1928), an American socialist, was a leader of the Industrial Workers of
the World (IWW), a labour organization formed in 1905 that wanted to replace the American economic
system with a society run by workers.
7873 Hazardous wastes are unwanted chemicals and their by-products produced by society which may
endanger human health, or pollute the environment.
7874 Hazel is any one of about 15 trees and shrubs that grow in the temperate climates of Asia, Europe, and
North America.
7875 Hazlitt, William (1778-1830), was one of the best essayists and critics in English literature.
7876 Head is the part of the body that contains the brain, the mouth, and the chief sense organs--the eyes,
ears, and nose.
7877 Head, Bessie (1937-1986), was a South African writer.
7878 Headache is one of the most common ailments among human beings.
7879 Headhunter is a person who cuts off the head of a dead enemy to keep as a trophy.
7880 Headphones are a device used for listening in private to various types of equipment that reproduce
sound.
7881 Healey, Denis (1917-...), was deputy leader of Britain's Labour Party from 1980 to 1983.
7882 Health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
7883 Health insurance, National, is a government programme that finances extensive health services for the
majority of the people in a country.
7884 Heaney, Seamus (1939-...), an Irish poet, won the 1995 Nobel Prize for literature.
7885 Heard Island is an Australian territory in the far southern Indian Ocean.
7886 Hearing aid is a device that improves hearing.
7887 Hearn, Lafcadio (1850-1904), was an American author.
7888 Hearne, Samuel (1745-1792), was an English explorer and fur trader.
7889
Hearst, William Randolph (1863-1951), was an American publisher of newspapers and magazines.
7890 Heart is the wondrous pump that powers the human body.
7891 Heart murmur is an abnormal sound in a person's heartbeat.
7892 Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, is a painful, burning sensation in the oesophagus.
7893 Heat is one of the most important forms of energy.
7894 Heat pipe is a device that transfers large amounts of heat from one place to another at a fairly constant
temperature.
7895 Heat pump is a device that takes heat from one area and delivers the heat to another area at a higher
temperature.
7896 Heat shield is a covering on a spacecraft or a rocket nose cone.
7897
Heath is the name given to a habitat where the main plants are shrubs belonging to the heather family.
7898 Heath, Sir Edward (1916-...), was prime minister of Great Britain from 1970 to 1974.
7899 Heather is a common shrub of heathland areas.
7900 Heating. The development of efficient indoor heating systems has made it possible for people to live
and work in places far from the warm parts of the world.
7901 Heaven, in the teachings of many religions, is the place or spiritual state in which God, gods, or spirits
abide.
7902 Heaves, also known as broken wind, is a lung disease of horses.
7903 Heaviside, Oliver (1850-1925), an English mathematical physicist, suggested the existence of the upper
atmosphere layer that reflects radio waves.
7904 Heavy water is water that contains the heavy isotope of hydrogen called deuterium (chemical symbol D)
in place of ordinary hydrogen.
7905 Hebbel, Friedrich (1813-1863), was a German playwright.
7906 Hebe was a goddess in Greek mythology who served nectar to the gods and goddesses on Mount
Olympus.
7907 Hebe is the name of about 75 species of evergreen flowering shrubs of the Southern Hemisphere.
7908
Heber, Reginald (1783-1826), an Anglican bishop, was a distinguished writer of sermons and hymns.
7909 Hebrew language and literature. Hebrew is one of the world's oldest living languages.
7910 Hebrews, Epistle to the, is the 19th book of the New Testament in the Bible.
7911 Hebrides are a group of Scottish islands that lie northwest of the country's mainland.
7912 Hebron (pop. 50,000) is a city in the West Bank region of Jordan.
7913 Hecate was a goddess of witchcraft and black magic in Greek mythology.
7914 Hecht, Ben (1894-1964), was an American playwright, novelist, and screenwriter.
7915 Hector, in Greek mythology, was the greatest hero of the ancient city of Troy.
7916 Hecuba was the second wife of Priam, the king of Troy, in Greek mythology.
7917
Hederman, Anthony James (1921-...), was the Republic of Ireland's attorney general from 1977 to 1981.
7918 Hedge is a continuous strip of shrubs or small trees planted close together to make a boundary.
7919 Hedge sparrow is a bird that lives in Asia and Europe.
7920 Hedgehog is the name of a dozen species of small, mainly nocturnal mammals that have a thick prickly
coat.
7921 Hedin, Sven Anders, (1865-1952), a Swedish explorer, provided the first maps and information about
areas in central Asia.
7922 Hedonism is the belief that pleasure is the highest good of life.
7923 Heenan, John Carmel Cardinal (1905-1975), became Roman Catholic archbishop of Westminster,
London, in 1963.
7924 Hegel, G. W. F. (1770-1831), was one of the most influential German philosophers.
7925 Hegira is the name of Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina on Friday, July 16, 622.
7926 Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976), was a German philosopher who exercised a tremendous influence on
the philosophers of continental Europe, South America, and Japan.
7927 Heidelberg (pop. 134,724), is a city in southern Germany.
7928 Heidelberg, University of, is the oldest university in Germany.
7929 Heidelberg man was a prehistoric human being who lived in Europe about 450,000 years ago.
7930 Heidelberg School was a group of young painters who worked on the tree-covered hills overlooking the
Yarra River in the Melbourne suburb of Heidelberg, Australia.
7931 Heiden, Eric (1958-...), an American athlete, ranks among the greatest speed skaters in the history of
the sport.
7932 Heifetz, Jascha (1901-1987), was a Lithuanian-born violinist.
7933 Heilbron, Sir Ian Morris (1886-1959), was a British chemist who carried out important research into
vitamins A and D, steroids, and penicillin.
7934 Heilbron, Dame Rose (1914-...), a British barrister, was the first woman to lead the defence in a murder
trial, the first woman to plead in the House of Lords, and the first woman to be appointed a recorder (see
RECORDER).
7935 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856), ranks among the most popular writers in German literature.
7936 Heinlein, Robert A. (1907-1988), was a popular and influential American author of science fiction.
7937 Heinz, Henry John, II (1908-1987), was an American industrialist.
7938 Heinze, Sir Bernard (1894-1982), an Australian conductor and musical scholar, made a major
contribution to the development of orchestral concerts in Australia.
7939 Gall, Franz Joseph (1758-1828), a German anatomist, founded the pseudoscience of phrenology.
7940 Heir. Technically, an heir is a person who receives money or property left by someone who died
intestate (without making a will).
7941 Heisenberg, Werner (1901-1976), a German physicist, is best known for his contributions to atomic
theory.
7942 Heisman Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the outstanding college American football player in the
United States.
7943 Hekla is a volcanic mountain in southwestern Iceland.
7944 Helen of Troy, in Greek mythology, was the most beautiful woman in the world.
7945 Helgoland is an island in the North Sea.
7946 Helichrysum is the name of daisylike flowers also known as everlasting or straw flowers because the
flowerheads dry out, retain their colour and are used for flower decoration.
7947
Helicopter is an aircraft that is lifted into the air and kept aloft by one or two powerful whirling rotors.
7948 Helidon is the site of a mineral-water spa about 14 kilometres from Toowoomba in Queensland,
Australia.
7949 Heliograph was an instrument used to send signals by reflecting sunlight with a mirror or mirrors.
7950 Helios was the sun and god of the sun in Greek mythology.
7951 Heliotrope is a popular plant with beautiful, fragrant flowers.
7952 Helium, a chemical element with the symbol He.
7953 Hell, according to many religions, is a place or state inhabited by demons, where wicked people are
punished after death.
7954 Hellebore is the common name of a genus of plants in the buttercup family.
7955 Hellenistic Age was a period in ancient history when Greek culture dominated much of what was then
the civilized world.
7956 Heller, Joseph (1923-...), is an American novelist who established his reputation with the comic novel
Catch-22 (1961).
7957 Hellespont is the former name of the strait between the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea.
7958 Hellgrammite is the larva of a four-winged insect known as the dobsonfly.
7959 Hellman, Lillian (1905-1984), was an American playwright.
7960 Hellyer, Henry (1792-1832), an Australian explorer, investigated the Mersey River area of Tasmania,
Australia, in 1826.
7961 Helmet is a covering of metal or other sturdy material designed to protect the head.
7962 Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821-1894), a German physicist, helped prove the law of
the conservation of energy (see ENERGY [The conservation of energy]).
7963 Helpmann, Sir Robert (1909-1986), an Australian actor, ballet dancer, and choreographer, was a
principal dancer with the Vic-Wells Ballet from 1935 to 1950.
7964 Helsinki (pop. 508,588; met. area pop. 888,871) is the capital and largest city of Finland.
7965 Helsinki Accords are several international agreements reached by the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) during the 1970's and 1980's.
7966 Helvetians were members of a tribe that lived in what is now northwestern Switzerland.
7967 Hemel Hempstead is a new town in Hertfordshire, England, at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, 47 kilometres
northwest of London.
7968 Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961), was one of the most well-known and influential American writers of the
1900's.
7969 Hemisphere is the name given to any half of the globe.
7970 Hemlock is a poisonous herb.
7971 Hemlock, also called hemlock spruce, is the common name of stately evergreen trees belonging to the
pine family.
7972 Hemp is a plant sometimes grown for its strong fibre.
7973 Henbane is a poisonous herb that is especially fatal to fowls.
7974 Hench, Philip Showalter (1896-1965), an American physician, shared the 1950 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine with E. C. Kendall and Tadeus Reichstein.
7975 Henderson, Arthur (1863-1935), a British statesman, served as president of the World Disarmament
Conference from 1932 to 1935.
7976 Henderson, Fletcher (1898-1952), was the first American jazz artist to introduce the concept of the "big
band" divided into brass, reed, and rhythm sections.
7977 Hendrix, Jimi (1942-1970), was a famous American rock music guitarist.
7978 Hendry, Stephen (1969-...), a Scottish snooker player, became the youngest world professional snooker
champion in 1990.
7979 Henequen, also spelt henequin or heniquen, is a yellow fibre made from the leaves of the henequen
plant.
7980 Hengest and Horsa, according to Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, were two Jutish leaders invited
to England by a local king named Vortigern to help to repel invaders from northern Britain.
7981 Henie, Sonja (1912-1969), was a Norwegian figure skater who won three Olympic titles and transformed
the sport into a display of ballet on ice.
7982 Henley, William Ernest (1849-1903), was an English poet, editor, and critic.
7983 Henley-on-Thames is a town on the River Thames in South Oxfordshire local government district.
7984 Henna is an orange-red dye that varies in colour with the article on which it is used.
7985 Hennepin, Louis (1626?-1705?), was a Belgian missionary and explorer who became famous for his
journey to the Mississippi River Valley in North America.
7986 Henricks, Jon (1935-...), an Australian swimmer, won the Olympic 100-metre freestyle event in record
time at Melbourne in 1956.
7987 Henry was the name of eight kings of England.
7988 Henry was the name of four French kings.
7989 Henry was the name of seven German rulers.
7990 Henry is the unit used to measure inductance, the reaction of an electric current against the magnetic
field that surrounds it.
7991 Henry, John, a black labourer, is a hero in American folklore.
7992 Henry, Joseph (1797-1878), an American physicist, became famous for his discoveries in
electromagnetism.
7993 Henry, Marguerite Breithaupt (1902-...), an American author of children's books, won the Newbery Medal
in 1949 for the King of the Wind, a story about an Arabian horse.
7994 Henry, O. (1862-1910), was the pen name of an American story writer, William Sydney Porter.
7995 Henry, Patrick (1736-1799), was a distinguished American statesman, lawyer, and orator at the time of
the American Revolution.
7996 Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) was a Portuguese prince who promoted explorations of the west
African coast during the 1400's.
7997 Henson, Matthew Alexander (1867-1955), was the only American who accompanied Robert E. Peary on
the last leg of the explorer's journey to the North Pole in 1909.
7998 Henty was the name of a pioneering family in Australia.
7999 Henty, G. A. (1832-1902), wrote lively and popular adventure books for boys.
8000 Henze, Hans Werner (1926-...), is a German composer.
8001 Hepatica is a sturdy but dainty woodland plant that grows in almost all countries of the Northern
Hemisphere.
8002 Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of and injury to the liver.
8003 Hepburn, Katharine (1909-...), is an American actress.
8004 Hephaestus was the Greek god of fire and the forge.
8005 Hepplewhite, George (?-1786), was an English furniture maker and designer.
8006 Heptagon is a plane figure with seven sides.
8007 Heptarchy was the name given to the seven most important English kingdoms that were established
after the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Roman Britain.
8008 Hepworth, Dame Barbara (1903-1975), was a leading English sculptor.
8009 Hera was the sister and wife of Zeus, the king of the gods in Greek mythology.
8010 Heraclitus was a Greek philosopher who was active about 500 B.C. He said that everything is made of
fire.
8011
Herald. In ancient times, direct communication between a ruler and the people was often impossible.
8012 Heraldry is the study of a system of symbols used to represent individuals, families, countries, and such
institutions as churches and universities.
8013 Herb is a low-growing plant that has a fleshy or juicy stem when it is young.
8014 Herbarium is an organized collection of dried plants.
8015 Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776-1841), was a German philosopher and educator who greatly influenced
educational theory of the late 1800's.
8016 Herbert, Sir Alan Patrick (1890-1971), a British author, poet, and politician, made legal history with his
campaign to reform Britain's divorce laws.
8017 Herbert, George (1593-1633), was a leading English poet of the 1600's.
8018 Herbert, Victor (1859-1924), an American composer and conductor, is often called "the prince of
operetta." One of his operettas is Babes in Toyland (1903), which was based on the nursery rhymes of
Mother Goose and fairyland characters.
8019 Herbert, Xavier (1901-1984), an Australian author, gained a major reputation when his novel Capricornia
was published in 1937.
8020 Herbicide is a chemical compound used to control or destroy unwanted plants.
8021 Herbivore is any animal that chiefly eats plants.
8022 Herculaneum was an ancient Roman city in Italy.
8023 Hercules is a constellation of the Northern Hemisphere between Corona Borealis and Lyra.
8024 Hercules was one of the greatest heroes of Greek mythology.
8025 Hercules beetle is the name of several species of large beetles whose males have long horns that
project from the head and upper parts of the body.
8026 Herder, Johann Gottfried von (1744-1803), was one of the most original and versatile German writers,
critics, and philosophers.
8027 Heredity is the passing on of biological characteristics from one generation to the next.
8028 Hereford (pop. 50,200) is a city in the county of Herefordshire, England.
8029
Hereford and Worcester was a county in the English Midlands, lying just east of the Welsh border.
8030
Heresy is an opinion or idea that contradicts the beliefs of a religious group or closely knit organization.
8031 Hereward the Wake (1032?-1072?) was a Lincolnshire landowner who became a leader of English
resistance to William the Conqueror in 1070 (see WILLIAM [I]).
8032 Herman, Sali (1898-...), an Australian artist, won the Wynne Prize for landscape painting in 1944, 1963,
and 1965.
8033 Herman, Woody (1913-1987), was an American bandleader and musician.
8034 Hermaphrodite is an animal with both male and female organs of reproduction.
8035 Hermes was the messenger of the gods in Greek mythology.
8036 Hermes of Praxiteles is an ancient Greek statue of Hermes, the messenger of the gods in Greek
mythology.
8037 Hermione was the daughter of Menelaus and Helen of Troy.
8038 Hermit is a person who lives a solitary life, removed from social contact with others.
8039 Hermit crab is an animal best known for its habit of occupying the empty shell of a snail.
8040
Hernia, also called rupture, is the protrusion of an organ or tissue through cavity walls within the body.
8041 Hero, also called Heron, a scientist of Alexandria, Egypt, lived during the first century A.D. He wrote
many works on mathematics, physics, and mechanics.
8042 Hero and Leander were legendary Greek lovers.
8043 Herod was the name of a ruling family in Palestine during the 100's B.C. and the first 100 years after
Christ's birth, while Palestine was part of the Roman Empire.
8044 Herodotus (484?-425? B.C.) was the first Greek historian.
8045 Heroin is a drug made from morphine, an active chemical in opium.
8046 Heron is any of about 60 species of wading birds, including egrets and bitterns.
8047 Herpes, Genital, is the name of a widespread sexually transmitted disease.
8048 Herpesvirus is the name of a group of viruses that cause a wide variety of diseases.
8049 Herpetology is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of reptiles and amphibians.
8050 Herrera, Tomas (1804-1854), was a soldier and statesman of Panama.
8051 Herrick, Robert (1591-1674), was one of England's finest lyric poets.
8052 Herring is one of the most important food fish in the world.
8053 Herriot, Edouard (1872-1957), was a French statesman and leader of the Radical Socialist Party.
8054
Herriot, James (1916-1995), was the pen name of James Alfred Wight, a British veterinarian and author.
8055 Herschel is the family name of three British astronomers.
8056 Herter, Christian Archibald (1895-1966), became United States secretary of state in April 1959, after
illness forced his predecessor, John Foster Dulles, to resign.
8057 Hertfordshire is a county in southern England that is known for its fine scenery, its beautiful old houses,
its new towns, and its high technology and aerospace industries.
8058 Hertsmere (pop. 86,100), a local government district in southern Hertfordshire, includes Borehamwood
(the district's administrative centre), Bushey, Elstree, Potters Bar, and Radlett.
8059 Hertz is the unit used to measure the frequency of waves and vibrations.
8060 Hertz, Gustav (1887-1975), a German physicist, shared the 1925 Nobel Prize for physics for proving the
validity of Niels Bohr's theory of the atom (see BOHR, NIELS).
8061 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph (1857-1894), was a German physicist.
8062 Hertzog, Barry (1866-1942), was a South African soldier and political leader.
8063
Herzberg, Gerhard (1904-...), is a Canadian physicist who won the 1971 Nobel Prize for chemistry.
8064 Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870), was a Russian journalist and one of the best-known
revolutionaries of his day.
8065 Herzl, Theodor (1860-1904), was an Austrian journalist and playwright who founded the Zionist
movement.
8066 Heseltine, Michael Ray Dibdin (1933-...), was the United Kingdom's deputy prime minister from 1995 to
1997.
8067 Hesiod was a Greek epic poet who probably lived during the 700's B.C. Scholars attribute two major
poems, the Theogony and the Works and Days, to Hesiod.
8068 Hesperides, in Greek mythology, were the daughters of Hesperis (Evening) and Atlas, a member of a
race of gods called Titans.
8069 Hesperornis was a bird that lived during the Upper Cretaceous period.
8070 Hess, Dame Myra (1890-1965), an English concert pianist, won fame for her playing of works by
classical composers, such as Scarlatti, J. S. Bach, and Mozart.
8071 Hess, Rudolf (1894-1987), served as secretary and deputy to Adolf Hitler.
8072
Hesse, officially Hessen, became a state of the German Federal Republic (West Germany) in 1949.
8073
Hesse, Hermann (1877-1962), a German novelist and poet, won the 1946 Nobel Prize for literature.
8074 Hessian fly is a tiny, two-winged insect.
8075 Hessians were German soldiers hired by the British to fight the colonists during the American
Revolution.
8076 Hestia was the Greek goddess of the hearth and its fire.
8077 Heteronym is a word which has the same spelling as another word or words but with a completely
different pronunciation and meaning.
8078 Hevesy, Georg von (1885-1966), won the 1943 Nobel Prize for chemistry.
8079 Hewson, John (1946-...), was leader of the Australian Liberal Party from 1990 to 1994.
8080 Hexagon is a plane figure that has six sides.
8081 Hexahedron, in geometry, is a solid figure that has six faces.
8082 Heydrich, Reinhard (1904-1942), called the Hangman, was one of the most feared men in Nazi
Germany.
8083 Heyer, Georgette (1902-1974), a prolific English novelist, became well-known for her light romantic
novels set in the early 1800's.
8084 Heyerdahl, Thor (1914-...), is a Norwegian anthropologist and author.
8085
Heyrovsky, Jaroslav, (1890-1967), a Czechoslovak scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1959.
8086 Heysen, Sir Hans (1877-1968), an Australian artist, became famous for his paintings of the Australian
countryside, especially in the northern part of the Flinders Ranges, in South Australia.
8087 Heysen Trail is a walking and riding trail proposed in the 1970's by the South Australian State Planning
Authority.
8088 Heywood, Thomas (1574?-1641), was a popular and productive English playwright of the Elizabethan
Age.
8089 Hezekiah was the king of Judah from about 727 to 698 B.C. His name means "God strengthens" in
Hebrew.
8090 Hiawatha was an Iroquois Indian leader in precolonial America.
8091 Hibernation is an inactive, sleeplike state that some animals enter during the winter.
8092 Hibernia is an old name for Ireland.
8093 Hibiscus is the name of a group of plants that belong to the mallow family.
8094 Hiccup, also spelled hiccough, is an abrupt, involuntary intake of air caused by a spasm of the
diaphragm.
8095 Hickok, Wild Bill (1837-1876), was an American frontier scout and marshal in the West.
8096 Hickory is any one of a group of about 15 tree species.
8097 Hicks, Edward (1780-1849), was an untrained American folk painter whose works reflect his Quaker
religious beliefs.
8098 Hicks, Sir John Richard (1904-1989), an English economist and taxation expert, gained great influence
through his economic writings and teaching.
8099 Hicks, Zachary (1738-1771), a lieutenant on James Cook's Endeavour, was the first European to sight
the Australian eastern coast.
8100 Hidalgo, Felix (1853-1913), a Filipino painter, won many prizes in Europe for his work.
8101 Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel (1753-1811), a Mexican priest, is called "The Father of Mexican
Independence." He led his Indian followers in a revolt against their Spanish rulers.
8102 Hides, Jack (1906-1939), an Australian patrol officer, made many important discoveries in the rugged
interior of New Guinea.
8103 Hideyoshi (1536-1598) was a Japanese military and political leader.
8104
Hieroglyphics is a form of writing in which picture symbols are used to represent ideas and sounds.
8105 Higgins, Andrew Jackson (1886-1952), an American shipbuilder, was one of the largest builders of small
craft during World War II.
8106 Higgins, Henry Bournes (1851-1929), became famous in Australia for his Harvester industrial award of
1907.
8107 High Commission, The Court of, was the most important of the English ecclesiastical courts.
8108
High-fidelity system is electronic equipment that reproduces sound with a high degree of accuracy.
8109 High jump is an athletics event in which an athlete tries to jump over a bar supported by two posts at
least 4 metres apart.
8110 High kings reigned in Ireland between the A.D. 200's and the 1100's.
8111 High Peak (pop. 83,800) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England.
8112 High priest was the head of the Jewish priesthood in later Biblical times until the destruction of the
temple in Jerusalem in A.D. 70.
8113 High school is a school in the United States and Canada that provides several years of education for
young people between the ages of 14 and 17 beyond the junior level.
8114 High seas are the areas of the oceans that lie outside the authority of any nation.
8115 Highland games are athletic, piping, and dancing competitions held in Scotland every summer.
8116 Highland (pop. 206,900) is a region that covers a vast area of northern Scotland.
8117 Highwayman was a person who robbed travellers during the 1600's and the early 1700's.
8118 Hijacking is the seizure of a commercial vehicle by force or the threat of force.
8119 Hiking is a healthy, relaxing form of exercise.
8120 Hilbert, David (1862-1943), was a German mathematician.
8121 Hill is an elevation of the earth's surface that has a distinct summit.
8122 Hill, Alfred (1870-1960), one of Australia's best-known composers, developed themes from Maori chants
and used them in many of his compositions.
8123 Hill, Archibald V. (1886-1977), an English physiologist, shared the 1922 Nobel Prize for medicine with
the German physiologist Otto Meyerhoff.
8124 Hill, David Octavius (1802-1870), a Scottish painter of landscapes and portraits, was the first to apply
photography to portraiture.
8125
Hill, Ernestine (1899-1972), an Australian author, wrote the historical novel My Love Must Wait (1941).
8126 Hill, Graham (1929-1975), became a leading motor racing driver.
8127 Hill, Joe (1879-1915), was a Swedish-born songwriter who popularized the goals of the American labour
movement through his music.
8128 Hill, Octavia (1838-1912), a British housing reformer, was equally interested in painting and social work
when young.
8129 Hill, Sir Rowland (1795-1879), is best known as the originator of the Penny Post.
8130 Hill End is a historic gold town 84 kilometres from Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
8131 Hill forts are earthworks that are found in many parts of Britain and Ireland.
8132 Hill of Luton, Lord (1904-1989), Charles Hill, won renown as a physician, radio broadcaster, politician
and administrator.
8133 Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival (1919-...), a New Zealand mountain climber, became one of the first two
men to reach the top of Mount Everest and return.
8134 Hillel I (70 B.C.?-A.D. 10?) was the most prominent spiritual leader among the Jews of Palestine from 30
B.C. until his death.
8135 Hillery, Patrick (1923-...), was president of the Republic of Ireland from 1976 to 1990.
8136 Hilliard, Nicholas (1547-1619), was the first of the great English miniature portrait painters.
8137 Hillingdon (pop. 225,800) is an English borough within the Greater London area.
8138 Hilton, Conrad (1887-1979), an American businessman, was sometimes called the biggest hotel man in
the world.
8139 Hilton, James (1900-1954), an English novelist, sprang to fame with Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1934).
8140 Himachal Pradesh is a wholly mountainous state in the Himalaya in the far north of India.
8141 Himalaya, also called Himalayas, is the highest mountain system in the world.
8142 Himalayan balsam is a tall attractive plant with thick reddish, succulent stems and pinkish purple flowers
spotted with crimson.
8143 Himmler, Heinrich (1900-1945), was one of the most powerful leaders of Nazi Germany.
8144
Hinckley and Bosworth (pop. 93,600) is a local government district in western Leicestershire, England.
8145 Hindemith, Paul (1895-1963), was a leading German composer and music theorist.
8146 Hindenburg, Paul von (1847-1934), was a German soldier and statesman.
8147 Hindi is one of the official languages of India.
8148 Hindmarsh, Sir John (1785-1860), a British naval officer, was the first governor of South Australia, from
1836 to 1838.
8149 Hindu Kush is a chain of mountains in Central Asia.
8150 Hinduism, the major religion of India, is one of the oldest living religions in the world.
8151 Hines, Duncan (1880-1959), an American businessman and author, became an authority on eating and
lodging establishments.
8152 Hines, Earl (1905-1983), was an American jazz pianist.
8153 Hinkler, Bert (1892-1933), an Australian aviator, made the first solo flight from Britain to Australia in
1928.
8154 Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril (1897-1967), a British chemist, teacher, and author, shared the 1956 Nobel Prize
for chemistry with Nikolai Semenov.
8155 Hinton, S. E. (1948-...), is an American writer of novels for young adults.
8156 Hip is the region of the body between the trunk and the thigh.
8157 Hipparchus (180 B.C.?-125 B.C.?), an ancient Greek astronomer, discovered the precession
(movement) of the equinoxes.
8158 Hipparchus (?-514 B.C.), was a son of Pisistratus, a ruler of Athens in the 500's B.C. Hipparchus came
to power with his brother Hippias in 527 B.C., after the death of their father.
8159 Hippies were members of a youth movement of the 1960's and 1970's that started in the United States
and spread to Canada, Great Britain, and many other countries.
8160 Hippocrates (460?-380? B.C.) was a well-known ancient doctor who practised medicine on the Greek
island of Cos.
8161 Hippodrome is a place for horse and chariot races.
8162 Hippopotamus is the third largest animal that lives on land.
8163 Hire purchase is a method of buying on credit.
8164 Hirohito (1901-1989) was emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989.
8165 Hiroshige (1797-1858), was a master painter and designer of Japanese colour prints.
8166 Hiroshima (pop. 1,044,129) is the Japanese city on which the first atomic bomb used in warfare was
dropped.
8167 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, in Washington, D.C., U.S.A., houses one of the world's
largest collections of modern art.
8168 Hirst, Damien (1965-...), is a British artist.
8169 Hispaniola is the second largest island in the West Indies.
8170
Hiss, Alger (1904-...), became the centre of a national controversy over Communist infiltration in the U.S.
government during the administration of President Harry S. Truman in the 1940's and 1950's.
8171 Histology is the biological science that studies the structure of the tissues of organisms.
8172 Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that attacks the lungs, mouth, throat, ears, spleen, liver, and
lymphatic system.
8173 History is the study of the human past.
8174 Hitchcock, Sir Alfred (1899-1980), was an English film director and producer.
8175 Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), ruled Germany as dictator from 1933 to 1945.
8176 Hittites were the earliest known inhabitants of what is now Turkey.
8177 Hives are a form of skin rash that appears suddenly and disappears without leaving a trace.
8178
Hluhluwe is a South African game reserve located in Kwazulu-Natal, 280 kilometres north of Durban.
8179 Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), a Vietnamese revolutionary leader, served as president of North Vietnam from
1954 until his death.
8180 Ho Chi Minh City (pop. 3,934,395), formerly called Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam.
8181 Hoad, Lew (1934-1994), an Australian tennis player, won the Wimbledon men's singles title in 1956 and
1957.
8182 Hoatzin is an unusual bird that lives in marshy areas by waterways in northern South America.
8183 Hobart (pop. 47,109; met. area pop. 181,838) is the capital of the state of Tasmania, Australia.
8184 Hobart, Lord (1760-1816), a British politician and statesman, was secretary for war and for the colonies
in the British government from 1801 to 1804.
8185 Hobbema, Meindert (1638-1709), was a Dutch landscape painter.
8186 Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679), was an English philosopher.
8187 Hobbs, Sir John (1882-1963), was one of the greatest English batsmen in cricket.
8188 Hobby can be any type of activity people do during their leisure time.
8189 Hobson, John Atkinson (1858-1940), was an English economist and journalist.
8190 Hobson, William (1793-1842), was the first governor of New Zealand from 1841, when it became a
separate colony, until his death a year later in 1842.
8191 Hochhuth, Rolf (1931-...), is a German playwright.
8192 Hochstetter, Ferdinand von (1829-1884), a German geologist, carried out the first major geological
survey of New Zealand.
8193 Hockey is a fast and exciting team sport in which players use sticks to try to hit a ball into their
opponents' goal.
8194 Hockney, David (1937-...), an English artist, became famous in the 1960's for his bold, unconventional
pictures.
8195 Hoddinott, Alun (1929-...), a Welsh composer, became professor of music at University College, Cardiff,
in 1967.
8196 Hoddle, Robert (1794-1881), was a pioneer surveyor in Australia.
8197 Hodgkin, Sir Alan (1914-...), a British physiologist, shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for medicine for his
research into nerve impulses.
8198 Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910-1994), a British chemist, won the 1964 Nobel Prize for chemistry for
determining the highly complex structure of the vitamin B-12 molecule.
8199 Hodgkin, Howard (1932-...), is a leading British painter.
8200 Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer in which the lymph nodes become enlarged (see LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM).
8201 Hoffman, Dustin (1937-...), is an American actor best known for his offbeat character roles in unusual
and demanding films.
8202 Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus (1776-1822), was a German writer.
8203 Hoffnung, Gerard (1925-1959), was a British humorist, artist, musician, and public speaker.
8204
Hofmann, Hans (1880-1966), a German-born American artist, became famous for his abstract painting.
8205 Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (1874-1929), an Austrian poet and playwright, is best known for librettos (texts)
for the operas of German composer Richard Strauss.
8206
Hogan, Ben (1912-1997), an American golfer, was one of the greatest players in the history of the sport.
8207 Hogan, Hector (1932-1960), was an Australian sprinter.
8208 Hogan, Paul (1940-...), an Australian comedian and actor, gained international attention when his film
Crocodile Dundee was released in 1986.
8209 Hogarth, William (1697-1764), was the leading English satirical painter of the 1700's.
8210 Hogben, Lancelot (1895-1975), a gifted English physiologist, also interested himself in language and
communication and in making scientific subjects understandable to laypeople.
8211 Hogg, Helen Sawyer (1905-...), an American-born astronomer, became known for her research on
variable stars.
8212 Hogg, James (1770-1835), was a Scottish poet and novelist.
8213 Hogmanay is the word used to describe New Year's Eve celebrations in Scotland.
8214 Hogrogian, Nonny (1932-...), is an American illustrator and designer of children's books.
8215 Hogweed is a large plant of the cow parsley family.
8216 Hohenstaufen was the name of a princely family of medieval Germany which held the imperial throne
from 1138 to 1254.
8217 Hohenzollern is the name of the famous royal family that ruled Brandenburg, Prussia, and the German
Empire.
8218 Hokusai (1760-1849) was a Japanese painter and designer of woodcut prints.
8219 Holbein, Hans, the Elder (1465?-1534?), was a painter who worked in southern Germany and the region
of Alsace in what is now France.
8220 Holbein, Hans, the Younger (1497?-1543), ranks among the world's greatest portrait painters.
8221 Holberg, Ludvig (1684-1754), was Scandinavia's first important playwright.
8222 Holden, Sir Edward (1885-1947), an Australian motorcar manufacturer, was a member of the family after
whom the first mass-produced Australian motorcar was named.
8223 Holderness (pop. 49,900) is an English local government district on the coast of Humberside,
administered from Skirlaugh, near Hull.
8224 Holding company is any company which holds a majority or a large enough minority of the stock or
voting power in another company to control its policies.
8225 Holey dollar, a silver coin used in Australia in the 1800's, was a Spanish dollar with a dump (a small
piece of silver) removed from its centre.
8226 Holford, Lord (1907-1975), an architect and town planner, is best known for his imaginative schemes for
rebuilding Piccadilly Circus and the area around St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
8227 Holi is a Hindu festival that takes place in late February or March.
8228 Holiday is any day on which people lay aside their ordinary duties and cares.
8229 Holiday, Billie (1915-1959), won recognition as the most moving jazz singer of her day.
8230 Holinshed's Chronicles is a book of English, Scottish, and Irish history and geography that was first
published in 1578.
8231 Holistic medicine is an approach to health care based on the belief that many factors may affect a
person's health.
8232 Holland (pop. 30,745) is a city in the state of Michigan, U.S.A., that was named after the homeland of its
Dutch settlers.
8233 Holland, John Philip (1841-1914), an Irish-American inventor, was mainly responsible for the
development of the submarine.
8234 Holland, Sir Sidney (1893-1961), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1949 to 1957.
8235 Holly is the common name for a group of shrubs and small trees.
8236 Holly, Buddy (1936-1959), was an American singer, composer, and electric guitarist.
8237 Hollyhock is a tall, hardy plant grown for its large spikes of colourful flowers.
8238 Hollywood, California, U.S.A., is generally considered the film capital of the world.
8239 Holmes, Burton (1870-1958), was an American photographer and lecturer, who made travel his
profession.
8240 Holmes a Court, Robert (1937-...), was one of the wealthiest men in Australia in the 1980's.
8241
Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1809-1894), was an American writer who won fame for his essays and poems.
8242
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr. (1841-1935), was one of the best-known American judges of the 1900's.
8243 Holmes, Sherlock, is the most famous detective in fiction.
8244 Holmium, a chemical element with symbol Ho, is one of the rare-earth metals.
8245 Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored murder of Jews and others by the Nazis during World
War II (1939-1945).
8246 Holography is a method of making three-dimensional images on a photographic plate or film.
8247 Holst, Gustav (1874-1934), was an English composer and teacher.
8248 Holt, Harold (1908-1967), was prime minister of Australia for less than two years.
8249 Holtermann, Bernard Otto (1838-1885), was one of the discoverers of the largest nugget of gold found
anywhere in the world.
8250 Holy Alliance was an agreement signed in Paris in September 1815, after the fall of Napoleon.
8251 Holy Grail, in medieval legend, was the cup that Jesus Christ used at the Last Supper.
8252 Holy Island is the name given to a number of small islands in Britain and Ireland.
8253 Holy Roman Empire was a German-based empire in western and central Europe that began in A.D. 962
and lasted until 1806.
8254 Holy Week is the period between Palm Sunday and Easter when Christians remember the final events in
the life of Jesus.
8255
Holyoake, Sir Keith Jacka (1904-1983), served as prime minister of New Zealand from 1960 to 1972.
8256 Holyroodhouse, Palace of, is a historic house in Edinburgh, Scotland.
8257 Homage, during the Middle Ages, was a feudal ceremony by which one man became the vassal or
follower of a lord.
8258 Home, Lord (1903-...), was prime minister of Great Britain from October 1963 to October 1964.
8259 Home Guard was a force raised in Britain in 1940 to supplement the regular armed forces during World
War II.
8260 Home rule, in Great Britain, refers to political movements in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
8261 Homelessness is the condition of someone who has no permanent address.
8262 Homeopathy is a system of medical practice based on the attempt to "let like cure like." According to
homeopathic doctors, a substance that produces certain symptoms in a healthy individual will cure those
symptoms in a sick individual.
8263 Homeostasis is a term that refers to the ability of a living organism to maintain a stable set of conditions
inside its body.
8264 Homer is traditionally considered the ancient Greek poet who composed the great epics the Iliad and the
Odyssey.
8265 Homer, Winslow (1836-1910), was an American artist.
8266 Homestead Act was passed by the United States Congress in May 1862.
8267 Homicide is the killing of one person by another.
8268 Homing pigeon is a special breed of pigeon developed for racing and carrying messages.
8269 Hominy is a food made from hulled maize.
8270 Homo erectus is regarded by most anthropologists as a species of human being that lived from about
11/2 million to 300,000 years ago.
8271 Homo habilis is considered by most anthropologists to be the oldest type of human being.
8272 Homogenization is the breaking up of particles in an emulsion so that they are small enough not to
separate.
8273 Homologous structures are structures that have an essential similarity and develop in the same general
way.
8274 Homonym is a word having the same spelling and pronunciation as another word or words, but a
different meaning.
8275 Homosexuality is the condition of being sexually attracted to individuals of the same sex.
8276 Hon Sui Sen (1916-1983) was a Singapore public servant and politician.
8277 Honduras is a small Central American country that is known for the production of bananas.
8278 Hone is the name of an Irish family that has been associated with the arts since the 1700's.
8279 Hone Heke Pokai (1810?-1850) was a famous Maori chief whose dislike of British (United Kingdom) rule
led to the first of the New Zealand Wars.
8280 Honecker, Erich (1912-1994), was the leader of East Germany from 1971 until 1989.
8281 Honegger, Arthur (1892-1955), was a Swiss-French composer.
8282 Honey is the sweet, thick fluid made by bees from flower nectar.
8283 Honey buzzard is a European bird of prey.
8284
Honey locust is a medium-sized tree with spreading branches and handsome, finely divided leaves.
8285 Honeyeater is the name of a family of about 170 species of land birds.
8286 Honeysuckle is any one of a family of ornamental shrubs and climbers.
8287 Hong Kong (pop. 5,729,000) is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
8288 Hongi Hika (1777-1828), a famous Maori chief and warrior, was head of the Ngapuhi tribe in the early
1800's.
8289 Honiara (pop. 30,499), is the capital and largest community of Solomon Islands, an island country in the
southwestern Pacific Ocean.
8290 Honolulu is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Hawaii.
8291 Honorius I (?-638) was elected pope in 625.
8292 Honorius III (?-1227) was elected pope in 1216.
8293 Honours and awards in the United Kingdom are formal tokens of the respect that the state feels is due to
people who have earned public recognition for their brave deeds, their long service, or their valuable
work.
8294 Hood, Clifford Firoved (1894-1978), was president of the United States Steel Corporation from 1953 until
1959.
8295 Hood, John Bell (1831-1879), was an American Confederate general.
8296 Hood, Raymond Mathewson (1881-1934), was the architect of some of America's largest and most
striking skyscrapers.
8297 Hood, Samuel (1724-1816), Viscount Hood, was a British admiral.
8298 Hood, Thomas (1799-1845), was a British poet and humorist.
8299 Hoof is a hard growth on the feet of mammals called ungulates.
8300 Hooghly River, in West Bengal, India, is one of the channels through which the Ganges River flows into
the Bay of Bengal.
8301 Hooke, Robert (1635-1703), an English experimental scientist, stated the currently accepted theory of
elasticity in Hooke's law.
8302 Hooker, Richard (1554-1600), was an English scholar, theologian, and clergyman.
8303 Hookworm is a small roundworm that enters the bodies of human beings and some animals through the
skin.
8304 Hoop pine, also called colonial pine or Moreton Bay pine, is among the largest of the few species of
Australian pines, reaching up to 60 metres.
8305 Hoopoe is a bird with a showy crest of feathers on its head and black and white bars on its wings and
tail.
8306 Hoover, Herbert Clark (1874-1964), was president of the United States from 1929 to 1933.
8307 Hoover, J. Edgar (1895-1972), served as director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) for 48 years.
8308 Hoover Dam is one of the highest concrete dams in the world.
8309 Hop is a vine grown for its papery, yellowish-green flowers, which are used in brewing beer.
8310 Hope, Alec Derwent (1907-...), one of Australia's most distinguished writers, published several books of
poetry, including The Wandering Islands (1955), Collected Poems (1966), and the satirical Dunciad
Minor (1970).
8311 Hope, Anthony (1863-1933), was an English novelist.
8312 Hope, Bob (1903-...), is a popular American comedian and actor.
8313
Hope, John Adrian Louis (1860-1908), Earl of Hopetoun, was the first governor general of Australia.
8314 Hope, Louis (1817-1894), founded the sugar industry in Queensland, Australia.
8315 Hopkins, Sir Anthony (1937-...), is a British actor.
8316 Hopkins, Esek (1718-1802), an American sea captain, commanded the tiny continental American Navy
from 1775 to 1778.
8317
Hopkins, Sir Frederick G. (1861-1947), an English biochemist, discovered the existence of vitamins.
8318 Hopkins, Gerard Manley (1844-1889), ranks as a major poet of Victorian England, though his work
remained almost unknown until 1918, when it was first published.
8319 Hopkins, Mark (1802-1887), was a famous American college teacher.
8320 Hopkinson, John (1849-1898), a British electrical engineer, developed the theory and improved the
construction of dynamos.
8321 Hopman, Harry (1906-1985), was captain of the Australian Davis Cup tennis team in 1938 and 1939 and
was nonplaying captain from 1950 to 1959.
8322 Hopper, De Wolf (1858-1935), was an American actor and singer.
8323 Hopper, Edward (1882-1967), was an American painter.
8324 Horace (65-8 B.C.) was one of the greatest poets of ancient Rome.
8325 Horatius was a legendary Roman hero.
8326 Hore-Belisha, Lord (1893-1957), Leslie Hore-Belisha, Baron Hore-Belisha of Devonport, became British
secretary for war shortly before the outbreak of World War II (1939-1945).
8327 Horehound, also spelled hoarhound, is the name given to several plants in the mint family.
8328 Horizon is the distant, curved line where the earth and sky seem to meet.
8329 Hormone is any of a number of chemical substances produced within an animal or a plant.
8330 Horn is the general name for instruments of the brass family.
8331 Horn is a pointed, bony structure on the heads of many mammals.
8332 Hornbeam is a broadleaf tree closely related to the birch.
8333 Hornbill is the name of 45 species of medium-sized to large birds with huge, often colourful, bills.
8334 Hornblende is any of a group of fairly hard rock-forming minerals.
8335 Hornbook. Paper was scarce and expensive during the Middle Ages and until the early 1800's.
8336 Horne, Donald (1921-...), an Australian author, wrote The Lucky Country (1964).
8337 Horne, Lena (1917-...), is an American singer and actress.
8338 Horne, Marilyn (1934-...), is an American opera star known for her singing as both a mezzo-soprano and
a soprano.
8339 Horned lizard is the name of 14 species of North American lizards.
8340 Hornet is the name of any one of several large social wasps.
8341 Horney, Karen (1885-1952), was a German-born psychoanalyst.
8342 Horniman, Annie (1860-1937), a wealthy theatrical producer and patron, helped to promote the modern
theatre in Britain and in Ireland.
8343 Hornung, E. W. (1866-1921), an English novelist, was the author of the Raffles stories.
8344 Hornwort is the name of a group of small, nonflowering plants related to mosses and liverworts.
8345 Horoscope is a chart that supposedly reveals a person's character or future.
8346
Horowitz, Vladimir (1904-1989), a Russian-born pianist, was one of the world's greatest musicians.
8347 Horrocks, Sir Brian (1895-1985), a British soldier and military writer, served in World Wars I and II.
Horrocks was born at Ranniket, in India, and educated at Uppingham School.
8348 Horse has been one of the most useful animals for thousands of years.
8349 Horse fly is a name for certain types of flies that live near water in pastures, fields, and forests.
8350 Horse latitudes are regions noted for their lack of winds.
8351 Horse racing is a popular sport based on the speed of horses and the skill of jockeys.
8352
Horsechestnut is the name of a group of trees and shrubs native to Europe, Asia, and North America.
8353 Horsehair worm is a long, thin worm that looks like a coiled hair from the mane or tail of a horse.
8354 Horsepower is a unit used to express the power (rate of doing work) of an engine in the imperial system
of measurements.
8355 Horseradish is a herb whose root is used to make a sharp food relish.
8356 Horseshoe crab is a large marine animal with a shell shaped something like a horse's hoof.
8357 Horseshoe pitching is a game played by throwing horseshoes at a stake.
8358 Horsetail is a plant with a hollow, jointed, and usually grooved stem.
8359 Horsham (pop. 107,300) is an English local government district in West Sussex centred on the
residential town of Horsham.
8360 Horsham (pop. 12,553), is a city on the Wimmera River in central western Victoria, Australia.
8361 Horsley, Colin (1920-...), a New Zealand pianist, became a professor at the Royal College of Music in
London in 1954.
8362 Horticulture is a branch of agriculture that specializes in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental
shrubs and trees.
8363 Horton is a New Zealand family that became prominent in newspaper publishing.
8364 Horus is the name for both the son of the Egyptian goddess Isis and of a number of ancient Egyptian sky
gods.
8365
Hosea, Book of, is a book of the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible, named after an Israelite prophet.
8366 Hoskins was a family of Australian engineers and steel manufacturers.
8367 Hospice is a kind of nursing home that specializes in the care of people who are dying.
8368 Hospital is an institution that provides medical services for a community.
8369 Hostage is a person held prisoner to force fulfilment of an agreement or demand.
8370 Hot line is a two-way telegraph-teleprinter system that links Washington, D.C., and Moscow.
8371 Hot rod is usually an older saloon car with an improved engine or body design.
8372 Hot springs are springs that discharge water heated by natural processes within the earth.
8373 Hotbed is a low, heated enclosure in which plants are grown during cold weather.
8374 Hotel is an establishment that provides overnight accommodation for the public.
8375 Hotham, Sir Charles (1806-1855), was governor of Victoria, Australia, in 1854 and 1855.
8376 Houdini, Harry (1874-1926), was an American magician who won world fame as an escape artist.
8377 Houdon, Jean Antoine (1741-1828), was probably the greatest French sculptor of the 1700's.
8378
Hough, Emerson (1857-1923), an American author, wrote many stories about the American Civil War.
8379 Hound is the name of a group of dogs.
8380 Hounslow (pop. 194,100) is a borough within the Greater London area.
8381 Houphouet-Boigny, Felix (1905-1993), was president of Ivory Coast from 1960 when that nation gained
independence from France until his death in 1993.
8382 Hour is an interval of time.
8383 Hourglass is a device that measures time.
8384 House, in astrology, is a division of a chart that supposedly reveals a person's character or future.
8385 House is a building that provides shelter, comfort, and protection.
8386 House of Burgesses was the first representative legislative body in America, and the first in any English
colony.
8387
House of Commons is one of the two houses of Parliament, the lawmaking body of the United Kingdom.
8388
House of Lords is one of the two houses of Parliament, the lawmaking body of the United Kingdom.
8389 House of Representatives is one of the two lawmaking bodies of many legislatures.
8390 Houseboat is any kind of floating home.
8391 Houseleek, also called live-forever, is a group of succulent plants related to the sedums.
8392 Housing includes any kind of building that provides shelter for people.
8393 Housman, A. E. (1859-1936), was a British poet and scholar.
8394 Houston (pop. 1,630,553) is the largest city in Texas and one of the fastest-growing major cities in the
United States.
8395 Houston, Sam (1793-1863), played a leading part in Texas's fight for independence from Mexico.
8396 Houtman, Frederik de, was a Dutch navigator who ran aground off the western coast of the Australian
continent in 1619.
8397 Hove (pop. 82,500) is a holiday resort in the Brighton and Hove unitary authority area on the East
Sussex coast of England.
8398 Hovell, William (1786-1875), an Australian explorer, became famous for his discovery in 1824 of a direct
land route from Lake George, south of Sydney, to Bass Strait.
8399 Hovercraft is a craft that travels on a layer of compressed air just above any kind of surface--land or
water.
8400 Hovhaness, Alan (1911-...), is an American composer.
8401 Howard, Bronson Crocker (1842-1908), was the first professional American playwright who was neither
a theatre manager nor an actor.
8402 Howard, John (1726?-1790), a British prison reformer, was apprenticed to a London grocer as a young
man and inherited a fortune at the age of 25.
8403 Howard, John (1939-...) became prime minister of Australia in March 1996, when his Liberal/National
Party coalition defeated Paul Keating's Labor government in the general election.
8404 Howard, Mabel (1893-1972), became the first female Cabinet minister in New Zealand in 1947, and the
first woman in the Commonwealth of Nations to be appointed to such a post.
8405 Howard of Effingham, Lord (1536-1624), commanded the English fleet that defeated the Spanish
Armada in 1588 (see SPANISH ARMADA).
8406 Howe is the family name of two American social reformers, husband and wife.
8407 Howe is the family name of two British brothers who fought for Britain in the American Revolution.
8408 Howe, Elias (1819-1867), an American inventor, constructed a practical sewing machine.
8409 Howe, Sir Geoffrey (1926-...), a Conservative politician, was Britain's deputy prime minister from 1989 to
1990.
8410 Howe, Michael (1787-1818), was a bushranger (an escaped convict living in the Australian bush).
8411 Howell, David (1936-...), a British politician, was the United Kingdom secretary of state for Transport
from 1981 to 1983.
8412 Howells, William Dean (1837-1920), was an American novelist, editor, and critic.
8413 Howler is a large monkey that makes a loud, howling roar.
8414 Hoxha, Enver (1908-1985), established a Communist government in Albania in 1944 and ruled the
country until his death.
8415
Hoyle, Edmond (1672-1769), was an English teacher of whist, a card game somewhat like bridge.
8416 Hoyle, Sir Fred (1915-...), a British astronomer and cosmologist, gained fame for his theories of the
origin of the universe.
8417 Hrdlicka, Ales (1869-1943), was a Czech-born physical anthropologist.
8418
Hu, Tsu Tau Richard (1926-...), a Singapore politician, became minister of finance in Singapore in 1985.
8419 Hu Yaobang (1915-...), also spelled Hu Yao-pang, served as general secretary of the Chinese
Communist Party from 1981 to 1987.
8420 Hua Guofeng (1918?-...), also spelled Hua Kuo-feng, was chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
from 1976 to 1981.
8421 Hua Luo-Yeng (1910-1985), a Chinese mathematician, was known for his work The Theory of Prime
Numbers in Dumps, completed in 1941.
8422 Huang He also spelled Huang Ho, is a long river in China.
8423 Hubbard, Bernard Rosecrans (1888-1962), was a Jesuit priest, author, and Arctic explorer.
8424 Hubbard, Elbert (1856-1915), was an American lecturer, publisher, editor, and essayist.
8425 Hubble, Edwin Powell (1889-1953), was an American astronomer.
8426 Hubble Space Telescope is a reflecting telescope built as an orbiting observatory.
8427 Huckleberry is a small, round fruit that grows on a shrub.
8428
Huddersfield is a town in West Yorkshire, England, situated about 26 kilometres southwest of Leeds.
8429 Hudson, George (1800-1871), became known in the United Kingdom as the Railway King because of his
ownership of many of the country's railways.
8430 Hudson, Henry (?-1611), was an English explorer and sea captain.
8431 Hudson, Manley Ottmer (1886-1960), an American law teacher and jurist, served on the International
Permanent Court of Arbitration from 1933 to 1945, and as a judge of the Permanent Court of
International Justice from 1936 to 1946.
8432 Hudson, Sir William (1896-1978), a New Zealand-born engineer, was the commissioner for the Snowy
Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority, in Australia, from 1949 to 1967.
8433 Hudson, William Henry (1841-1922), was an English author and naturalist.
8434 Hudson Bay is a vast inland sea in northeast Canada.
8435 Hudson River is one of the most important trade waterways in the United States.
8436 Hudson River School was the name of the first group of American artists to develop a characteristic style
of landscape painting.
8437
Hudson's Bay Company is a business firm that became famous for its role in western Canadian history.
8438 Hue (pop. 209,043) is a city in central Vietnam.
8439 Hugh Capet (940?-996) was king of France from 987 to 996.
8440 Hugh of Lincoln, Saint (1135?-1200), was bishop of Lincoln from 1186 until his death.
8441 Hughes, Howard Robard (1905-1976), an American businessman, became known as one of the world's
richest people.
8442 Hughes, Langston (1902-1967), was a black American author.
8443 Hughes, Sir Samuel (1853-1921), a Canadian soldier and statesman, served as minister of militia and
defence from 1911 to 1916.
8444 Hughes, Ted (1930-...), is an English poet known for his violent and symbolic nature poems.
8445 Hughes, Thomas (1822-1896), was an English author.
8446 Hughes, William Morris (1862-1952), served as prime minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923.
8447 Hugo, Victor Marie (1802-1885), a French author, led the romantic movement in French literature.
8448 Huguenots were a group of Protestants who became the centre of political and religious quarrels in
France in the 1500's and 1600's.
8449 Huhu beetles, the largest beetles found in New Zealand, are common throughout the country.
8450 Huias were birds, now extinct, that used to live in New Zealand.
8451 Huizinga, Johan (1872-1945), was a noted Dutch historian.
8452 Huizong (reigned A.D. 1101-1126), also spelled Hui-tsung, the last emperor of the Northern Song
dynasty of China, was the greatest imperial patron of art.
8453 Hukbalahap, also called Huk, a Communist guerrilla movement, tried to overthrow the democratic
government of the Philippines from 1945 to 1954.
8454 Hull (pop. 252,200) is a large industrial city and one of Britain's leading industrial ports.
8455 Hull, Cordell (1871-1955), an American statesman, won the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize for his peace
efforts while serving as U.S. secretary of state from 1933 to 1944.
8456 Hulme, Keri (1947-...), a New Zealand writer, won the Booker McConnell Prize, for her novel The Bone
People in 1985.
8457 Human being has the most highly developed brain of any animal.
8458 Human body. People sometimes call the human body the most wonderful machine ever built.
8459 Human engineering is a technique that applies scientific knowledge of human behaviour to build the
various kinds of equipment used by people in their everyday life.
8460 Human relations is a field of study that deals with group behaviour.
8461 Human Rights, Universal Declaration of, was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on Dec.
10, 1948.
8462 Humanism is a way of looking at our world which emphasizes the importance of human beings--their
nature and their place in the universe.
8463 Humber, River, in England, flows eastward through Humberside and empties into the North Sea.
8464 Humberside is a geographical region in northeastern England, lying on both sides of the Humber
estuary.
8465 Humboldt, Baron von (1769-1859), was a German scientist and geographer.
8466 Hume, Basil Cardinal (1923-...), a British Roman Catholic teacher and theologian, became archbishop of
Westminster, London, in 1976.
8467 Hume, David (1711-1776), was a Scottish philosopher.
8468 Hume, Hamilton (1797-1873), the first Australian-born explorer, opened up an overland route from
Sydney to Port Phillip, the present site of Melbourne, Australia.
8469 Hume, John (1937-...), is the leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) in Northern
Ireland.
8470 Hume Reservoir stands on the Murray River, in Australia, on the border of New South Wales and
Victoria.
8471 Humidifier is a device that increases the amount of moisture in indoor air or a stream of air.
8472 Humidity is a term that describes the amount of water vapour in the air.
8473 Hummingbird is a family of birds that contains the smallest bird in the world.
8474 Humour is any body fluid that is carried in the blood to act on a gland or other tissue.
8475 Humour. No one knows exactly why we laugh, or why anything that is funny should cause us to make
such a peculiar noise.
8476 Humperdinck, Engelbert (1854-1921), was a German composer.
8477 Humphreys, David (1752-1818), was General George Washington's aide-de-camp (field secretary)
during the American Revolution (1775-1783).
8478 Humphries, Barry (1934-...), an Australian writer, actor, and satirist, created the roles of Dame Edna
Everage, the housewife superstar; Sir Les Patterson, the beer-swilling, Australian cultural attache; and
Barry McKenzie, an Australian innocent abr
8479 Humus is a dark brown substance found in soil.
8480 Hun was a member of the wandering and warlike people that invaded the Roman Empire in the A.D.
400's.
8481 Hunchback is a nonmedical term for the forward bending of the spine.
8482 Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) extended over the reigns of five English and five French kings who
fought for control of France.
8483 Hundredweight is a unit of weight.
8484 Hungary is a small, landlocked country in central Europe.
8485 Hunger is an unpleasant, often painful sensation caused by the body's need for food.
8486 Hungerford, Thomas Arthur Guy (1915-...), an Australian novelist, wrote The Ridge and The River
(1952).
8487 Hunsaker, Jerome Clarke (1898-1984), was a pioneer aeronautical in the United States.
8488 Hunt, Lord (1910-...), John Hunt, Baron Hunt of Llanvair Waterdine, led the expedition that conquered
Mount Everest in 1953.
8489 Hunt, Leigh (1784-1859), was an English journalist, essayist, and poet.
8490 Hunt, Sam (1946-...), a New Zealand poet, first became known in the 1960's for entertaining audiences
in hotels, theatres, and town halls with his unique brand of poetry.
8491 Hunt, William Holman (1827-1910), was one of the painters of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (see PRERAPHAELITE
BROTHERHOOD).
8492 Hunter is the family name of two brothers who were famous British physicians.
8493 Hunter, John (1737-1821), was the second governor of New South Wales, Australia.
8494 Hunting is the sport of capturing or killing wild animals.
8495
Huntingdonshire (pop. 140,700) is a local government district in western Cambridgeshire, England.
8496 Huntington's disease is a severe hereditary disorder of the nervous system.
8497 Huntsman spider is common in Australia, where there are about 100 species.
8498 Hunza is an area in the northern tip of Pakistan.
8499 Huon is an area made up of three municipalities in southern Tasmania: Huon, Esperance, and Port
Cygnet.
8500 Huon pines grow naturally along or near rivers in the cool, temperate rainforest of western and
southwestern Tasmania, Australia.
8501 Hurd, Douglas (1930-...), was the United Kingdom's foreign secretary from 1989 to 1995.
8502 Hurdling is an athletics race in which runners jump over fencelike obstacles called hurdles.
8503 Hurley, Frank (1890-1962), an Australian still photographer and film cameraman, accompanied four
expeditions to the Antarctic between 1911 and 1934.
8504 Hurley, Patrick Jay (1883-1963), was an American statesman and soldier.
8505 Hurricane is a powerful, whirling storm that measures 320 to 480 kilometres in diameter.
8506 Hurst, Fannie (1889-1968), was an American author who wrote popular novels and short stories.
8507 Hus, John (1369?-1415), was a Bohemian religious reformer.
8508 Hussars were European light cavalrymen armed with carbines, swords, and sometimes pistols.
8509 Hussein I (1935-...) became king of Jordan in 1952.
8510 Hussein, Saddam (1937-...), has been president of Iraq since 1979.
8511 Hussein, Taha (1889-1973), an outstanding Egyptian writer, overcame poverty and blindness to become
a leading literary and public figure.
8512 Hussein bin Onn, Datuk (1922-...), was the third prime minister of Malaysia from 1976 to 1981.
8513 Husseini, Hajj Amin al- (1897-1974), was the grand mufti (Islamic religious head) of Jerusalem.
8514 Hussey, Gemma (1940-...), became, in 1982, the first female minister of education in the Republic of
Ireland.
8515 Hussites were followers of the Bohemian religious reformer John Hus.
8516 Huston is the family name of two film personalities--Walter, an actor; and his son John, a screenwriter
and director.
8517 Hutchins, Robert Maynard (1899-1977), an American educator, became well known for his
unconventional theories about higher education.
8518 Hutchinson, Anne Marbury (1591-1643), headed a group of Puritans whose religious beliefs were
unacceptable to Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the United States.
8519 Hutchinson, Thomas (1711-1780), was one of the last royal governors of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony.
8520 Hutt, John (1795-1880), was governor of Western Australia from 1839 to 1846.
8521 Hutt River Province (population approximately 30), is a popular tourist resort 560 kilometres from Perth,
Western Australia.
8522 Hutterites, also called Hutterian Brethren, are members of a North American religious sect who believe
in the common ownership of goods.
8523
Hutton, James (1726-1797), a Scottish philosopher and chemist, was a pioneer in the field of geology.
8524 Hutton, Sir Leonard (1916-1990), was captain of the England cricket team and a brilliant opening
batsman.
8525 Huxley is the family name of three distinguished British scientists and writers.
8526 Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695), was a Dutch physicist, astronomer, and mathematician.
8527 Hyacinth is a favourite spring flower of the lily family.
8528 Hybrid is the offspring of parents of different races, varieties, or species.
8529 Hydatids are cysts that contain a watery fluid.
8530 Hyde, Douglas (1860-1949), served as the first president of Eire (now the Republic of Ireland) from 1938
to 1945.
8531 Hyde Park Barracks is located at the southern end of Macquarie Street in Sydney, Australia.
8532 Hyderabad is a large historic region in India.
8533 Hyderabad (pop. 3,091,718; met. area pop. 4,273,498), an important centre of trade, is one of India's
largest cities.
8534 Hyderabad (pop. 751,529) is a city in the Sind province of Pakistan.
8535 Hyderabad, Nizam of (1886-1967), Sir Usman Ali, ruled the region of Hyderabad, in what is now India,
from 1911 to 1948.
8536 Hydra is a tiny, slender animal that lives in ponds and lakes.
8537 Hydra was a many-headed serpent of Greek mythology.
8538 Hydrangea is the name of about 80 species of handsome shrubs and climbers.
8539 Hydrate is a chemical compound made of a definite amount of water and another substance.
8540 Hydraulic engine, or fluidic engine, is a machine that produces motion by means of pressure from water
or some other fluid.
8541 Hydraulics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour of liquids at rest and in motion.
8542 Hydrazine is an important chemical compound used in jet and rocket fuels.
8543 Hydrocarbon refers to the most important class of organic compounds.
8544 Hydrochloric acid is a dangerous chemical that has many important industrial uses.
8545 Hydrofluoric acid is an extremely dangerous inorganic chemical.
8546
Hydrofoil is a boat whose hull can lift above the surface of the water when travelling at high speeds.
8547
Hydrogen is a tasteless, odourless, colourless gas and one of the most important chemical elements.
8548 Hydrogen bromide (chemical formula, HBr) is a colourless gas that fumes in moist air.
8549 Hydrogen iodide (chemical formula, HI) is a heavy, colourless gas with a strong odour.
8550 Hydrogen peroxide is an important industrial chemical that consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
8551 Hydrogen sulphide is a colourless, extremely poisonous gas that smells like rotten eggs.
8552 Hydrogenation is a chemical process that adds hydrogen to a substance.
8553 Hydrography is the branch of physical geography that deals with the surface waters of the earth.
8554 Hydrology is the study of the movement and distribution of the waters of the earth.
8555 Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving water as one of the reacting substances.
8556 Hydrometer is an instrument used to determine the density of liquids.
8557 Hydrophone is an instrument used to listen to sounds transmitted through water.
8558 Hydroplane is a fast motorboat that skims over the water almost in the way a flat skipping stone does
when thrown.
8559 Hydroponics is the science of growing plants without soil.
8560 Hydrosphere. When we think of the earth, we think mostly of areas of land.
8561 Hydrotherapy is a method of treating arthritic disorders and injuries by immersion in water.
8562 Hydroxide is a chemical compound consisting of a metal bonded to a hydroxide ion.
8563 Hyena is a mammal that is famous for its weird howl, which resembles a hysterical human laugh.
8564 Hygrometer is an instrument used to determine the relative humidity.
8565 Hyksos were invaders from Palestine and nearby areas who settled in ancient Egypt in the 1700's B.C.
They gradually seized control of Egypt from the pharaohs (kings).
8566 Hymn is a song of praise.
8567 Hyndburn (pop. 76,500) is a local government district in northern Lancashire, England.
8568 Hyperactivity, also called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a common behaviour disorder
of children.
8569 Hyperbola is a curve with two branches formed by a plane that cuts through two right circular cones that
are joined at their tips.
8570 Hyperbole is a figure of speech which is an exaggeration.
8571 Hypertension is the medical term for the disease commonly called high blood pressure.
8572 Hyperthermia is a condition that occurs when the body becomes overheated.
8573 Hyperventilation is abnormally rapid, deep breathing.
8574 Hypipamee crater, in the Atherton Tableland, Australia, is the crater of an extinct volcano.
8575 Hypnos was the god of sleep in Greek mythology.
8576 Hypnotism is the scientific and clinical use of hypnosis.
8577 Hypochlorous acid is a weak, inorganic acid that forms when chlorine is added to water.
8578 Hypochondria is a state of mind in which people obsessively worry about their health.
8579 Hypodermic injection is a method for administering drugs under the skin.
8580
Hypoglycaemia is a condition that occurs when the blood does not contain enough glucose (sugar).
8581 Hypothalamus is a small area at the base of the brain.
8582 Hypothermia is a condition in which the temperature of the human body is below the normal level of 37
C. It generally results from accidental exposure to cold.
8583 Hyrax is the name of a family of rabbit-sized animals that resemble guinea pigs.
8584 Hyssop is a bushy evergreen shrub of the mint family.
8585
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (womb), the organ in which unborn babies develop.
8586 Hysteria is a neurotic illness in which a person has physical symptoms, and yet no physical cause can
be found.
8587 Hywel Dda, or Howel the Good (?-950), was a king of Wales and a lawgiver.
8588 I is the ninth letter in the English alphabet.
8589 I Ching, also spelled Yijing, is the earliest and most important book of the ancient Chinese texts called
the Five Classics.
8590 Ibadan (pop. 1,060,000) is Nigeria's second largest city, after Lagos.
8591 Iberia is the ancient name of the peninsula occupied today by Spain and Portugal.
8592 Ibert, Jacques (1890-1962), was a French composer.
8593 Iberville, Sieur d' (1661-1706), was a French-Canadian explorer, naval officer, and founder of the
province of Louisiana, now in the United States.
8594 Ibex is a wild goat-antelope found in the Alps of Europe, the Middle East, northern Africa, and the
Himalaya of central Asia.
8595 Ibis is any of more than 25 species of wading birds found in warm regions throughout the world.
8596
Ibizan hound is a rare breed of dog that originated on the island of Ibiza, off the eastern coast of Spain.
8597 Ibn Batuta (1304-1377?) was a famous Arab traveller and writer.
8598 Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), was an Arab historian.
8599 Ibn Saud (1880-1953), became one of the most important absolute monarchs of his day.
8600 Ibsen, Henrik (1828-1906), a Norwegian playwright, is recognized as the father of modern drama.
8601 Ibuprofen is a drug that reduces fever and relieves such common problems as headaches, muscle
aches, and menstrual pain.
8602 Ibrahim, Encik Anwar bin (1947-...), a Malaysian politician, became minister of finance, in 1991.
8603 Ice is frozen water.
8604 Ice Age is a period in the earth's history when ice sheets cover large regions of land.
8605 Ice cream is a popular frozen food.
8606 Ice hockey is a fast, exciting sport played by two teams on a sheet of ice called a rink.
8607 Ice pack. When the surface of sea water in arctic areas freezes, it forms an ice sheet.
8608 Ice plant is the common name for a group of hardy plants that live in dry regions.
8609 Ice skating is the act of gliding over a smooth surface of ice on ice skates--boots with attached metal
blades.
8610 Iceberg. Huge masses of ice may break off the lower end of a glacier and fall into the sea.
8611 Iceboating, also called ice yachting, is a popular winter sport in northern regions of European countries
and of the United States.
8612 Icebreaker is a ship designed to travel through ice-covered waters.
8613
Icecap is one of the thick layers of ice and snow that cover large areas of land in the polar regions.
8614 Iceland is an island country that lies just below the Arctic Circle in the North Atlantic Ocean.
8615 Ichneumon wasp is an insect that lives as a parasite of other insects or spiders.
8616 Ichthyology is the branch of zoology, or the science of animals, that deals with fishes.
8617 Icon is a religious painting considered sacred in the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
8618 Iconoclast has come to mean a person who attacks long-established beliefs.
8619 Iconoscope was one of the first devices capable of converting light images into electric signals that could
be used to produce a television image.
8620 Idaho (pop. 1,011,986) is a Rocky Mountain state of the United States with exciting scenery and
enormous natural resources.
8621 Idealism, in philosophy, is a metaphysical theory--that is, a theory about the nature of reality.
8622 Ideograph, also called ideogram.
8623 Ideology is a system of thought based on related assumptions, beliefs, and explanations of social
movements or policies.
8624 Ides. In the old Roman calendar, the ides was a day near the middle of each month.
8625
Idiom is a phrase or expression whose total meaning differs from the meaning of the individual words.
8626 Idolatry is the worship of a statue or image of a god or spirit.
8627 Idriess, Ion L. (1890-1979), an Australian author, wrote many books of travel, adventure, and biography,
as well as books on prospecting and minerals.
8628 Idris I (1890-1983), became king of the newly independent nation of Libya in 1951.
8629 Idrisi, al-Sharif al- (1100-1166?), an Arab geographer, wrote the masterpiece The Pleasure Excursion of
One Who is Keen to Travel the Regions of the World.
8630 Idyll, also spelled idyl, is a kind of pastoral poem developed by the ancient Greeks.
8631
Ife was an important centre of black African culture for hundreds of years, beginning about A.D. 1000.
8632 Igbo are one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria.
8633 Igloo is the Inuit name for a shelter.
8634 Ignatius, Saint was a bishop of Antioch and an early Christian martyr.
8635 Igneous rock is rock formed by the hardening and crystallization of molten material that originates deep
within the earth.
8636 Ignition is any system that sets fire to a mixture of fuel and air to create power in an engine.
8637 Iguana is the name of certain lizards found mainly in the Western Hemisphere.
8638 Ikhwan is an Arabic term meaning brothers or brotherhood.
8639 Ileitis is a disease that involves inflammation of the ileum, the lower half of the small intestine.
8640 Iliad is the oldest surviving Greek poem.
8641 Illawarra is a coastal region in New South Wales, Australia.
8642 Illawarra shorthorns are milking cattle bred entirely within Australia.
8643 Illicium is the name of a group of fragrant shrubs and trees.
8644 Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
8645 Illuminated manuscript is a book written and decorated by hand.
8646 Illuminating gas is coal gas.
8647 Illustration is a picture that explains and adds interest to the written part of a printed work such as a
book.
8648 Illyricum was one of the four prefectures into which the Roman Empire was divided in A.D. 293, during
the reign of Emperor Diocletian.
8649 Ilmenite, also called titanic iron ore, is a black, heavy mineral, important as a source of titanium (see
TITANIUM).
8650 Iloilo (pop. 309,505) is the capital of the province of Iloilo, on the south coast of Panay Island in the
Philippines.
8651 Imagination is the capacity to consider objects or events in their absence or as they might be.
8652 Imago is the fully developed insect which emerges from the pupa at the end of the third stage of
metamorphosis in an insect life.
8653
Imam Bonjol (1772-1864), was an Indonesian Muslim who led a war against the Dutch in Sumatra.
8654 Imhotep was an ancient Egyptian architect, doctor, and statesman who lived about 2650 B.C. Imhotep
was one of the highest ranking officials in Egypt.
8655 Immaculate Conception is a doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church.
8656 Immersion foot, also known as trench foot, is a diseased condition of the lower limbs and feet, caused by
prolonged exposure to wet cold.
8657 Immigration is the act of coming to a foreign country to live.
8658 Immortelle is a flower which retains its natural form and colour indefinitely after it has been dried.
8659 Immune system is a group of cells, molecules, and tissues that help defend the body against diseases
and other harmful invaders.
8660
Immunization is the process of protecting the body against disease by means of vaccines or serums.
8661 Impala is an African antelope known for its swift, graceful jumping and running.
8662 Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) is a large international group of companies with its headquarters in the
United Kingdom (UK).
8663 Imperial preferences were advantageous terms of trade that were formally established between the
United Kingdom (UK) and members of the British Empire in Ottawa, Canada, in 1932.
8664 Imperialism is the policy or action by which one country controls another country or territory.
8665 Impetigo is a contagious skin infection that chiefly afflicts children.
8666 Impressionism is a style of art that presents an immediate impression of an object or event.
8667 Imran Khan (1952-...) a cricketer and politician, captained the Pakistan cricket team in the years 1982-
1983, 1985-1987, and 1988-1992.
8668 Inca were a South American Indian people who ruled one of the largest and richest empires in the
Americas.
8669 Incense is a mixture of sweet-smelling gums and balsams.
8670 Inch is the smallest unit of distance in the imperial system of measurement.
8671 Inchcape Rock is a dangerous reef in the North Sea, off the coast of Scotland.
8672 Inchon (pop. 1,387,491) is a major industrial city in northwestern South Korea and the nation's second
largest port.
8673 Incinerator is a furnacelike device for reducing waste products to ash.
8674 Inclined plane is a device used to raise heavy loads with relatively small forces.
8675 Inclinometer is a device for measuring angles formed with the plane of the horizon.
8676 Income is a term in economics that generally is defined in terms of consumption and wealth.
8677 Incubation is the process in which eggs, bacteria, protozoans, and other living organisms are kept under
proper conditions for growth and development.
8678 Incubator is an apparatus that maintains a favourable environment for growth and development.
8679 Indentured servant was someone who worked without wages for a period of time in exchange for
passage to the American Colonies.
8680 Independence (pop. 112,301) is a historic city in western Missouri, just east of Kansas City, U.S.A.
Independence became known in the 1800's as the starting point of the Oregon and Santa Fe trails, key
routes in the westward expansion of the United S
8681
Independence Day is the birthday of a nation, marking its freedom from the rule of another country.
8682 Independence Hall, or Old State House, is the most famous building in Philadelphia, U.S.A., and the
scene of some of the most important events in American history.
8683 Index is an alphabetical list of topics and subjects that appears at the end of many books.
8684 Index of Forbidden Books, commonly called the Index, was a list of books the Roman Catholic Church
once forbade its members to read without special permission.
8685 India is a large country in southern Asia.
8686 India, Armed services of. India's armed services number more than one-and-a-quarter million service
personnel and are formed into three branches--the army, the air force, and the navy.
8687 India, Art of. The art treasures of India are among the greatest in the world.
8688
India, Dance and music of. The arts of dance and music are of great importance to the culture of India.
8689 India, Government of. India is an independent, democratic republic.
8690 India, History of. India has one of the world's oldest and richest civilizations going back more than 5,000
years.
8691 India, Languages of. The Indian subcontinent consists of a number of separate linguistic communities
each of which share a common language and culture.
8692 India, Literature of. The story of Indian literature extends back over more than 3,000 years.
8693 India, Philosophy of. The recording of Indian philosophy began with the ancient religious writings of the
Vedas.
8694 Indian, American. The people now known as Indians or Native Americans were the first people to live in
the Americas.
8695 Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world.
8696 Indian paintbrush is any of about 200 species of handsome wild flowers that grow primarily in the
western United States.
8697 Indian pipe is a plant that is often mistaken for fungus.
8698
Indian Revolt, also called the Sepoy Rebellion, was a major Indian uprising against British rule in India.
8699 Indian Territory was the region in the United States, west of the Mississippi River, that the U.S.
government set aside for the residence of Indians from about 1830 to 1906.
8700 Indian wars were the struggles between Indians and white people for the rich lands that became the
United States.
8701 Indiana is a small state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
8702 Indianapolis (pop. 731,327) is the capital and largest city of Indiana in the United States, It is one of the
chief centres of manufacturing, transportation, and the distribution of goods in the Midwest.
8703 Indictment, in law, is a written statement accusing one or more persons of a particular crime.
8704 Indigestion is a discomfort in the chest or abdomen that most commonly follows eating or drinking too
much.
8705 Indigo is a deep blue dye used to colour cotton and wool.
8706 Indigo bunting is a North American songbird.
8707 Indium, a chemical element, is a rare, extremely soft, silver-white metal.
8708 Indochina is the eastern half of a long, curving peninsula that extends into the South China Sea from the
mainland of Southeast Asia.
8709 Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia that consists of more than 13,600 islands.
8710 Inductance is a property of an electric circuit that opposes any change in the current flowing in that
circuit.
8711 Induction, Electric, is the process by which an electrically charged object charges another object without
touching it.
8712 Induction coil is an electrical transformer that produces high-voltage alternating current from lower
voltage current.
8713 Inductive method is the reasoning process by which a person starts from particular experiences and
proceeds to generalizations.
8714 Indulgence is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church.
8715 Indus River is the longest river in Pakistan.
8716 Indus Valley civilization was one of the world's first great civilizations.
8717 Industrial design is the process of planning and developing products and systems.
8718 Industrial espionage is the stealing of secret, confidential, or sensitive commercial information belonging
to a company so that a competitor company can benefit from it.
8719 Industrial psychology is concerned with people at work.
8720 Industrial relations refers to the way that employers and their workers deal with each other.
8721 Industrial Revolution. During the 1700's and early 1800's, great changes took place in the lives and
work of people in several parts of the world.
8722 Industry. An industry is a group of businesses that produce a similar product or provide a similar
service.
8723 Inertia is a property of all matter.
8724 Inertial guidance is a method of navigation used to guide rockets and aeroplanes, submarines, and other
vehicles.
8725 Infant mortality is a measure of the number of infants who die before reaching their first birthday.
8726 Infantry has been the largest combat branch of most armies for hundreds of years.
8727 Infertility, in human beings, is the inability of a woman to conceive, or of a man to father children.
8728 Infinitive is the simple or base form of a verb, such as go, see, watch, or do.
8729 Infinity is a term commonly used to refer to a quantity or distance that is so large it cannot be counted or
measured.
8730 Inflammation is an abnormal condition of the tissues of some part of the body in which there is swelling,
redness, heat, and pain.
8731 Inflation is a continual increase in prices throughout a nation's economy.
8732 Inflection is a set of word forms that show different functions or meanings in a sentence.
8733 Inflorescence is the flowering region of a plant.
8734 Influenza is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus.
8735 Information retrieval is a system for locating facts in a central information storage area.
8736 Information science is the study of the recording, storage, retrieval, and use of information.
8737 Information theory describes how messages are transmitted and received through such electronic
information systems as television, radio, or telegraph.
8738
Infrared rays, often called heat rays, resemble light rays, but they cannot be seen by the human eye.
8739 Ingalls, John James (1833-1900), was an American editor, lawyer, and statesman.
8740 Inge, William (1913-1973), was an American playwright.
8741 Ingersoll, Robert Green (1833-1899), was an American lawyer, politician, and writer.
8742
Ingham (pop. 5,202) is a town in northern Queensland, Australia, 111 kilometres north of Townsville.
8743 Ingold, Sir Christopher Kelk (1893-1970), an English chemist, investigated the electrical charges of or
ganic compounds.
8744 Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique (1780-1867), was a leading French artist who painted in the style
known as neoclassicism.
8745 Inis is the Irish word for island.
8746
Initial teaching alphabet (i. t. a.) is a writing system designed to help people learn to read English.
8747 Injunction is an order requiring a person or persons to stop doing something they are already doing, or
not to do something they plan to do.
8748 Ink is a coloured liquid, powder, or paste used for writing, drawing, or printing.
8749 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political party in South Africa.
8750 Inkjet printer is a device commonly used to print text and illustrations created on computers.
8751 Inkslinger, Johnny, a character in American folklore, was Paul Bunyan's timekeeper.
8752 Inland revenue means all taxes except those on foreign commerce.
8753 Inland waterway is a route across a land region that can be used by boats, barges, or ships.
8754 Inlay is a type of decoration usually created by cutting a design into the surface of one material and filling
the pattern with another, often contrasting, material.
8755 Innes, John (1829-1904), was a British property dealer and philanthropist who won fame for his
horticultural work.
8756 Inness, George (1825-1894), was an American landscape painter.
8757 Innisfail (pop. 8,487) is about 6 kilometres from the mouth of the Johnstone River on the northeastern
coast of Queensland, Australia.
8758 Innocent III (1160?-1216), is often considered the greatest of the medieval popes.
8759 Innocent IV (1200?-1254), was elected pope in 1243.
8760 Inns of Court was the name given during the early Middle Ages to four groups of buildings in London
where lawyers lived, studied, taught, and held court.
8761
Innsbruck (pop. 116,100), a summer and winter resort, is the capital of the Austrian province of Tyrol.
8762 Inoculation is the injection of a special preparation into the body in order to produce immunity.
8763 Inonu, Ismet (1884-1973), was one of Turkey's leading statesmen of the 1900's.
8764 Input-output analysis is a method of studying the complex relationships between the various parts of an
economy.
8765 Inquest is an inquiry held by a group of people who have the legal right to make an investigation.
8766 Inquisition was an effort by the Roman Catholic Church to seek out and punish heretics (persons who
opposed church teachings).
8767 Insanity is a legal term for any severe mental disease or disorder that makes a person not reponsible for
his or her actions.
8768 Insect is a small, six-legged animal.
8769 Insecticide is a substance that kills insects.
8770 Insectivore is the name of any one of a group of small mammals, such as the mole, which feed chiefly on
insects.
8771 Insectivorous plant is any plant that traps insects for food.
8772 Insignia are badges of rank and awards won by such uniformed services as the armed forces, the police,
firefighters and ambulance crews.
8773 Insomnia is the inability to sleep naturally.
8774 Instinct is behaviour that is inherited rather than learned.
8775 Institute of France is a group of five learned societies that are encouraged and supported by the French
government.
8776 Instrument, Scientific, is a tool for learning about the world.
8777 Insulation is the restriction of heat, sound, or electricity within a specific area.
8778 Insulator, Electric is a material that conducts almost no electricity.
8779 Insulin is a hormone that regulates the body's use of sugar and other food.
8780
Insull, Samuel (1859-1938), was an English-born public utilities executive in the United States (U.S.).
8781 Insurance is a means of providing protection against financial loss in a great variety of situations.
8782 Integer is a number.
8783 Integrated circuit is a tiny device that controls electric signals in such electronic equipment as computers
and television sets.
8784 Intelligence. People differ in the speed with which they learn things and how well and how long they
remember ideas.
8785 Intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a number used to indicate a person's intelligence.
8786 Intelligence service is an agency that chiefly gathers and evaluates information for a country's political
and military leaders.
8787 Interactive program is a computer program that modifies its outcome in response to input from the
computer user.
8788
Intercom is a system for communicating between a number of points that are close to each other.
8789 Interest is the price paid to lenders for the use of their money.
8790 Interference is an effect caused by two waves of the same kind passing through the same space at the
same time.
8791
Interferometer is an instrument that uses the interference of waves to make precise measurements.
8792 Interferon is a chemical substance produced by the cells of human beings and other mammals in
response to viral infections or certain chemicals.
8793 Interior design, sometimes called interior decoration, is the art of creating rooms and other indoor areas
that are attractive, comfortable, and useful.
8794 Interjection is a word used in a sentence as an independent element, grammatically unrelated to the
other words.
8795 Interleukin is the name of a group of proteins that serve as messengers among the cells of the body's
immune system.
8796 Interlingua is an international language developed for scientific and medical writing.
8797 Intermezzo is a type of musical composition that has had many functions during its history.
8798 Internal-combustion engine produces power by burning fuel within the engine.
8799 International, The, is a name given to several early international organizations of workers.
8800 International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an organization of the world's scheduled international
airlines.
8801 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an organization that promotes peaceful uses of nuclear
energy throughout the world.
8802 International Bureau of Weights and Measures is an international organization that standardizes units of
measure.
8803 International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is one of the world's largest manufacturers of
information systems and equipment.
8804 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency related to the United Nations that
promotes the safe and orderly growth of civil aviation.
8805 International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) is an organization that promotes the interests
of working people.
8806 International Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP) is an organization devoted to the conservation of birds
and their habitats.
8807 International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) coordinates the activities of 20 international unions in
the fields of the natural sciences.
8808 International Court of Justice, often called the World Court, is the highest judicial agency of the United
Nations.
8809 International Date Line is an imaginary line which marks the spot on the earth's surface where each new
calendar day begins.
8810 International Development Association (IDA) is a world organization that provides loans to developing
countries for development projects.
8811
International Energy Agency (IEA) is an organization of 20 countries that are major importers of oil.
8812 International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an investment corporation owned and financed by about 125
countries.
8813 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is a specialized agency of the United Nations
(UN).
8814 International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that
promotes the welfare of workers.
8815 International law is the body of rules and general principles that nations are expected to observe in their
relations with one another.
8816 International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations, promotes cooperation
among governments in matters involving international shipping.
8817 International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of more than 175 member nations that works to
establish an efficient system of international payments and trade.
8818
International relations are primarily official contacts among the governments of independent countries.
8819
International standard book number is a group of ten numbers identifying a book and its publisher.
8820 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) establishes regulations on the international use of radio,
satellite, telegraph, and telephone communication services.
8821 International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries.
8822 Internationale, The, is an unofficial anthem used by some Socialist parties.
8823 Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world's businesses, institutions, and
individuals.
8824 Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that connects computer users to the Internet (the global
network of computers).
8825
Inter-Parliamentary Union is an organization made up of members of parliaments throughout the world.
8826 Interpol is an intergovernmental organization of police authorities from about 175 countries.
8827 Intervention is an act in which one nation interferes in the internal affairs of another nation.
8828 Intestine is the muscular tube in the body through which food and the products of digestion pass.
8829 Intolerable Acts. Early in 1774 the British Parliament passed five laws to which American colonists
strongly objected.
8830 Intoxication is the condition in which the body is poisoned by a toxin or by a narcotic, alcohol, or some
other drug.
8831 Intranet is a private computer network that mimics the feel and features of the Internet.
8832 Intravenous injection is given into the blood inside a vein.
8833 Introvert, when used nontechnically, usually means a shy, unsociable person.
8834
Intuition is knowledge that comes to a person without any conscious remembering or formal reasoning.
8835 Inuit are a people who live in and near the Arctic.
8836 Invention is the creation of a new device, process, or product.
8837 Invercargill (pop. 51,984) is the main city of Southland in the South Island of New Zealand.
8838 Inverclyde (pop. 89,990) is a unitary authority in Scotland bordering the Firth of Clyde.
8839 Inverell (pop. 15,590), is a town in the New England tableland (plateau) of northern New South Wales,
Australia (see NEW ENGLAND).
8840 Inverness (pop. 62,647) is an important town in northern Scotland.
8841 Inverness-shire, was a Scottish county, abolished in 1974.
8842 Invertebrate is an animal that lacks a vertebral column (backbone).
8843 Investigator was the ship in which the British navigator Matthew Flinders sailed around Australia in 1801,
1802, and 1803 (see FLINDERS, MATTHEW).
8844 Investment is the use of money to earn income or profit.
8845 Investment banking is a business activity in which a company purchases newly issued securities, such
as stocks and bonds, from businesses and governments.
8846 Invisible ink is a writing fluid intended for secret communication.
8847 Io, in Greek mythology, was a mistress of the god Zeus.
8848 Iodine is a nonmetallic chemical element.
8849 Ion is an atom or a group of atoms that has an electric charge.
8850 Ion microscope, also known as a field-ion microscope, is one of the most powerful magnifying
instruments in scientific use.
8851 Iona is an island of the Inner Hebrides in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
8852 Ionesco, Eugene (1912-1994), was a Romanian-born French playwright.
8853 Ionian Islands are a group of islands in the Ionian Sea that are part of Greece.
8854 Ionian Sea is the deepest part of the Mediterranean Sea.
8855 Ionians were a group of ancient Greeks.
8856 Ionosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that has many ions (electrically charged atoms and
groups of atoms) and free electrons.
8857 I.O.U. The words I owe you sound like the letters I O U. These letters serve as a brief form of that
statement.
8858 Iowa is a Midwestern state in the United States.
8859
Ipecac, also known as ipecacuanha, is a drug made from the dried root of a small shrub native to Brazil.
8860 Iphigenia, in Greek mythology, was the daughter of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon, the commander of
the Greek forces in the Trojan War.
8861 Ipoh (pop. 344,627) is the second largest city in Malaysia.
8862 Ipswich (pop. 73,310) is an industrial centre in south-eastern Queensland, Australia.
8863 Ipswich (pop. 115,500) is a town and local government district in Suffolk, England.
8864 Iqbal, Sir Muhammad (1873-1938), was a Muslim Indian scholar, philosopher, and poet.
8865 Iran is an ancient country in the Middle East region of southwestern Asia.
8866 Iraq is an Arab country at the head of the Persian Gulf in southwestern Asia.
8867 Iredell, James (1751-1799), served on the first Supreme Court of the United States.
8868 Ireland is a small, independent country in northwestern Europe.
8869
Ireland, Armed services of. The Irish armed services are the military forces of the Republic of Ireland.
8870 Ireland, David (1927-...), an Australian novelist and dramatist, became known for his novel The Chantic
Bird (1968).
8871 Ireland, Government of. Ireland is a republic with a written constitution.
8872 Ireland, History of. Ireland lies west of Great Britain and the mainland of Europe.
8873 Ireland, John (1879-1962), was an English composer.
8874 Irenaeus, Saint (A.D. 130?-202?), was one of the most important thinkers and leaders in the early
Christian church.
8875 Irian Jaya is a province of Indonesia that forms the western half of the island of New Guinea.
8876 Iridium is a silvery metallic element.
8877 Iris is a popular plant with large, beautifully coloured flowers.
8878 Iris, in Greek mythology, was the golden-winged goddess of the rainbow, and a messenger of the gods,
especially of Hera.
8879 Irish Brigade was founded by Irish soldiers who fled Ireland for France after the Williamite War in the late
1600's.
8880 Irish language is, under the Irish Constitution, the national language of the Republic of Ireland.
8881 Irish literature reflects the history and spirit of the Irish people better than any other art form.
8882 Irish moss, also called carrageen is the name of several kinds of seaweeds that grow along rocky shores
and that are collected for commercial use.
8883 Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a military organization that seeks to unite the independent Republic of
Ireland with Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom (UK).
8884 Irish Sea is a small sea that separates Ireland from England and Scotland.
8885 Irish setter, or red setter as it is more often called, is an attractive dog with a brownish-red coat.
8886 Irish Sugar p. l. c. is an important company in the Republic of Ireland.
8887 Irish terrier is a bold, fearless dog.
8888 Irish water spaniel is sometimes called the clown of the dog family.
8889 Irish wolfhound is the tallest of all dogs.
8890 Irkutsk (pop. 589,000) is a manufacturing, transportation, and cultural centre in Russia.
8891 Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe.
8892 Iron Age is the period of history that began between 1500 and 1000 B.C. with the widespread use of iron
for tools and weapons.
8893 Iron and steel are the world's cheapest and most useful metals.
8894 Iron Curtain is a phrase made popular by Sir Winston Churchill in the 1940's.
8895 Iron Knob (pop. 331) is a small mining town in the Middleback Ranges of South Australia.
8896 Iron lung is a device used to treat paralysis of the muscles and organs of breathing.
8897 Ironwood, or hornbeam, are names given to certain trees that have exceptionally hard wood.
8898 Ironwork, Decorative. People have used iron in useful and decorative ways since the Iron Age, when
they discovered that the metal could be easily worked.
8899 Irony is a device used in speaking and writing to deliberately express ideas so they can be understood in
two ways.
8900 Irradiation is the exposing of matter to radiation, usually for the purpose of producing a specific
biological, chemical, or physical change.
8901 Irrawaddy River, also spelled Irawadi, is the chief river of Burma.
8902 Irrigation is the watering of land by artificial methods.
8903 Irtysh River is the chief tributary of the Ob River.
8904 Irving, Sir Henry (1838-1905), was one of the greatest actors and most successful theatre managers of
his time.
8905 Irving, Washington (1783-1859), was one of the first American authors to win recognition in Europe as
well as the United States.
8906 Irwin, Margaret (1889-1967), a British historical novelist, gained great popularity for her skill in recreating
the great people of history.
8907 Isaac, the second of the Hebrew patriarchs, was the son of Abraham and his wife Sarah (see
ABRAHAM; ISHMAEL).
8908 Isaacs, Sir Isaac (1855-1948), was the first Australian-born governor-general of Australia.
8909 Isabella I (1451-1504), queen of Castile and Aragon, played one of the most important parts in the
history of Spain.
8910 Isaiah, Book of, is a book of the Bible that is named after the Hebrew prophet Isaiah.
8911 Isfahan (pop. 926,601) is one of the largest cities in Iran.
8912 Ishak Haji Muhammad (1909-1991), was a prominent Malay writer and radical political activist.
8913 Isherwood, Christopher (1904-1986), was an English-born writer best known for his descriptions of the
petty boredom and aimless quality of life in Europe in the 1930's.
8914 Ishiguro, Kazuo (1954-...), is a Japanese-born British novelist.
8915
Ishmael, in the Old Testament Book of Genesis, and in the Quran, was the elder son of Abraham.
8916 Isinglass is the purest form of animal gelatin.
8917 Isis was the most popular goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology.
8918 Iskandar Muda (1583?-1636), was the greatest ruler of Aceh, a sultanate on the northern tip of Sumatra,
in what is now Indonesia.
8919
Islam is the religion that was first brought to the world by the Prophet Muhammad in the A.D. 600's.
8920 Islamabad (pop. 204,364) is the capital of Pakistan.
8921 Islamic art is the art of the civilization based on the Islamic religion.
8922 Island is a body of land smaller than a continent and surrounded by water.
8923 Isle of Youth, called Isla de la Juventud in Spanish, is a Cuban island in the Caribbean Sea, 64
kilometres off the southwest coast of Cuba.
8924 Islington (pop. 155,200) is a densely populated borough in London.
8925 Islwyn (pop. 64,900) is a local government district in southwest Gwent, Wales.
8926 Ismail bin Abdul Rahman, Tun (1915-1973), was deputy prime minister of Malaysia from 1970 until his
death in 1973.
8927
Ismail bin Mohammed Ali (1918-...), was governor of the Central Bank of Malaysia from 1962 to 1980.
8928 Ismaili Muslims, or Ismailis, are a worldwide religious community belonging to the Shiite branch of Islam
(see ISLAM).
8929 Ismay, Lord (1887-1965), Hastings Lionel Ismay was a British soldier and administrator.
8930 Isobar is a line drawn on weather charts and maps to connect places that have the same atmospheric
pressure.
8931 Isocrates (436-338 B.C.), was a great Greek writer and teacher.
8932
Isolationism is the doctrine of people who believe a nation should hold itself separate from other nations.
8933 Isomers are two or more chemical compounds that have the same number of each kind of atom, but
differ in the way the atoms are arranged.
8934 Isometrics is a method of exercise that involves little or no visible movement.
8935 Isomorphism, in chemistry, applies to the close similarity found in the crystalline structures of different
substances.
8936 Isoniazid is a drug used to fight tuberculosis, actinomycosis (lumpy jaw), and other diseases.
8937 Isoptera is an order of insects that live in colonies similar to those of ants and bees.
8938 Isotherm is a line drawn on maps to connect places that have the same temperature.
8939 Isotope is one of two or more atoms of the same element that differ in atomic weight because their
atomic nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons.
8940 Israel is a small country in southwestern Asia.
8941 Istanbul (pop. 5,475,982), is the largest city and seaport of Turkey.
8942 Isthmian games. Ancient Greece had four great national festivals.
8943 Isthmus is a narrow strip of land which connects larger bodies of land.
8944 Italian greyhound is a small dog.
8945 Italian language is the official language of Italy and one of the official languages of Switzerland.
8946 Italian literature includes many masterpieces written since the early 1200's.
8947 Italics is the style of type in which this sentence is printed.
8948 Italo-Ethiopian War was fought between Italy and the African Empire of Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia)
from 1935 to 1936.
8949 Italy is a country in southern Europe.
8950 Itch is a sensation caused by irritation of particular nerves in the skin.
8951 Iturbi, Jose (1895-1980), was a Spainish pianist and conductor.
8952 Iturbide, Agustin de (1783-1824), a Mexican military leader, ruled Mexico from May 1822 to March 1823
as Emperor Agustin I. In 1821, Iturbide helped originate the "Plan of Iguala," which proposed that
Mexico, then a colony of Spain, become an indepen
8953 Ivan III, the Great (1440-1505), was grand prince of Moscow from 1462 to 1505.
8954 Ivan IV, the Terrible (1530-1584), in 1547 became the first Russian ruler to be crowned czar.
8955 Ives, Burl (1909-1995), was an American folk singer and actor.
8956 Ives, Charles Edward (1874-1954), was a leading American experimental composer.
8957 Ivory is a hard substance that makes up the main part of the tusks and teeth of certain animals.
8958 Ivory black is a black pigment made by heating waste ivory dust and chips.
8959 Ivory Coast is a country that lies along the Gulf of Guinea on the west coast of Africa.
8960 Ivory palm is a short palm tree native to South America.
8961 Ivy is an evergreen plant that climbs over walls and tree trunks.
8962 Iwo Jima is the middle island of the three Volcano Islands, or Kazan Retto, in the northwestern Pacific
Ocean.
8963 Ixtacihuatl (5,286 metres) is an inactive volcano about 55 kilometres southeast of Mexico City.
8964
Izmir (pop. 1,489,772) is a Turkish port and trading centre on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea.
8965 J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet, and was the last to be added.
8966 Jaafar, Long (?-1857), helped to establish and develop the tin-mining industry in Perak, Malaysia.
8967 Jaafar, Tuanku (1927-...) became the king of Malaysia in 1994.
8968 Jabiru is the name of two different species of storks.
8969 Jacana is a small wading bird of the tropics, with remarkably long toes and nails.
8970 Jacaranda is the Brazilian name for a group of trees and shrubs native to tropical America.
8971 Jack Frost is the imaginary sprite who is supposed to trace the beautiful patterns that frost makes on
trees, windows, and other objects.
8972 Jack-in-the-pulpit is any of several wild flowers that grow in moist woodlands and swampy areas.
8973 Jack-o'-lantern is a name often given to a hollowed-out pumpkin which has eyes, nose, and a mouth
carved in one side.
8974 Jack rabbit is a name for four kinds of large hares found in deserts and prairies in western North
America.
8975 Jack Russell terrier was developed in England in the early 1800's by John Russell, a hunting clergyman
in Devon.
8976 Jack the Ripper was an unknown murderer who terrorized London in 1888.
8977 Jackal is a wild dog that lives in Asia, Africa, and southeastern Europe.
8978 Jackdaw is a small crow that is common in Europe and North Africa.
8979
Jackeroo is the Australian term for a young male management trainee on a sheep or cattle station.
8980 Jackfruit is a fast-growing tropical tree with a large, edible fruit.
8981 Jacklin, Tony (1944-...), an English professional golfer, became famous in the late 1960's.
8982 Jacks, also called jackstones, is the name of a children's game played with small metal objects called
jacks.
8983 Jackson, Alexander Young (1882-1974), a Canadian landscape painter, was one of the original
members of the group of Toronto artists, who, during the 1920's and early 1930's, called themselves
"The Group of Seven."
8984 Jackson, Andrew (1767-1845), was the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837.
8985 Jackson, Glenda (1936-...), a British actress, became a member of the United Kingdom Parliament in
1992.
8986 Jackson, Henry Martin (1912-1983), served as United States senator for the state of Washington from
1953 to 1983.
8987
Jackson, Jesse (1941-...), is a black American civil rights activist, political leader, and Baptist minister.
8988 Jackson, Mahalia (1911-1972), was a famous American gospel singer.
8989 Jackson, Marjorie (1931-...), known as the Lithgow Flash, was the first Australian woman to win an
Olympic gold medal in athletics.
8990 Jackson, Michael (1958-...), an American singer, dancer, and songwriter, is one of the most popular and
exciting performers of rock music.
8991 Jackson, Stonewall (1824-1863), was one of the most famous Confederate generals in America.
8992 Jackson, Sir Barry Vincent (1879-1961), was founder and director of the Birmingham Repertory Theatre
in England.
8993 Jacksonville (pop. 672,971; met. area pop. 906,727), United States, is the largest city in Florida and the
state's financial and insurance capital.
8994 Jacky Jacky, an Aborigine from the Merton district in New South Wales, Australia, accompanied Edmund
Kennedy on his ill-fated expedition along the northeastern coast of Queensland in 1848.
8995 Jacob, in the book of Genesis in the Bible and in the Quran, was the son of Isaac.
8996 Jacob, Francois (1920-...), a French geneticist, shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine
with Andre Lwoff and Jacques Monod.
8997 Jacobins were members of the Jacobin Club, the most radical political society to rule during the French
Revolution.
8998 Jacobite risings, in 1715 and 1745, were attempts to restore the exiled Stuart family to the throne of
England.
8999 Jacobs, Joseph (1854-1916), was a British scholar best known for his collections of folk tales for
children.
9000 Jacobs, W. W. (1863-1943), was an English author of humorous short stories about London's dockland
and the crews of small ships.
9001 Jacquard is the name of an elaborate weave found in table damask, bedspreads, and brocades.
9002 Jacquard, Joseph Marie (1752-1834), perfected the automatic pattern loom.
9003 Jacques, Reginald (1894-1969), was an English conductor and musical educator.
9004 Jade is a hard, tough, and highly coloured stone widely used for fine carvings and jewellery.
9005 Jaffa, Israel, is one of the oldest cities in the world.
9006 Jagannath is the name of a famous Hindu temple and idol at Puri, in the state of Orissa, India.
9007 Jaguar is the largest, most powerful wild cat of the Western Hemisphere.
9008 Jaguarundi is a wild cat of the Western Hemisphere.
9009 Jahangir (1569-1627) was the fourth Mughal emperor of India.
9010 Jahangir Khan (1963-...), a Pakistani squash player, became world champion in the 1980's.
9011 Jahn, Helmut (1940-...), is an American architect.
9012 Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig, (1778-1852), a German teacher, was a founder of the gymnastics movement in
Germany.
9013 Jainism is an ancient religious and philosophical tradition of India.
9014 Jaipur (pop. 1,454,678; met. area pop. 1,514,425) is a city in northwest India, lying 259 kilometres
southwest of Delhi.
9015 Jakarta (pop. 6,761,886) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.
9016 Jakobovits, Lord (1921-...), Sir Immanuel Jakobovits, a Jewish religious leader, was chief rabbi of the
United Hebrew Congregation of the British Commonwealth of Nations from 1967 to 1991.
9017 Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at Amritsar in the Punjab, India, in April 1919.
9018 Jam and jelly are sweet, thick spreads made from fruit.
9019 Jamaica is an independent island country in the Caribbean Sea.
9020 Jambu is the Malay name for a tree which bears an edible fruit called a rose apple.
9021 James was the name of two kings of England and Scotland, and of five kings of Scotland.
9022 James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1901-1989), was a distinguished Trinidadian writer.
9023 James, Epistle of, is a book of the New Testament of the Bible.
9024 James, Henry (1879-1947), was an American writer, philanthropist, and businessman.
9025 James, Jesse (1847-1882), became one of the most famous bank and train robbers in United States
history.
9026 James, Marquis (1891-1955), was an American author who wrote about American leaders and
institutions.
9027 James, P. D. (1920-...), is a popular British writer of detective stories.
9028 James, Saint, was one of the leaders of the Christian church in Jerusalem during the first years after it
was founded.
9029 James, William (1842-1910), became the most widely-read American philosopher of the 1900's.
9030 James the Greater, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
9031 James the Less, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
9032 Jamestown, Virginia, was the first permanent English settlement in North America.
9033 Jammu and Kashmir is a state in the far north of the republic of India.
9034 Janacek, Leos (1854-1928), was a Czech composer best known for his operas and works for male
chorus.
9035 Janissaries were a group of highly trained professional soldiers of the Ottoman Empire.
9036 Jansen, Cornelius (1585-1638), was a Roman Catholic bishop best known for his book Augustinus,
published in 1640, after his death.
9037 Jansher Khan (1969-...), a Pakistani squash player, became world champion in the late 1980's.
9038 Jansky, Karl Guthe (1905-1950), an American engineer, was the first person to detect radio waves
outside the solar system.
9039 Jansz, Willem (1570?-?), was a Dutch navigator who is thought to be the first European to see and land
on the Australian continent.
9040 January is the first month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all the
world today.
9041 Janus, in Roman mythology, was a god who had two faces that looked in opposite directions.
9042 Japan is an island country in the North Pacific Ocean.
9043 Japan, Sea of, is an arm of the Pacific Ocean.
9044 Japanese beetle is an insect that injures grasses, trees, crops, and garden plants.
9045 Japanese chin is a dainty, graceful toy dog.
9046 Japanese language is the native tongue of the people of Japan and the neighbouring Ryukyu and Bonin
islands.
9047 Japanese literature ranks as one of the world's great literatures.
9048 Japanese print is a type of Japanese illustration printed on paper from carved blocks of wood.
9049 Japanese spitz is one of the family of spitz breeds of dog.
9050 Jardine was the name of a family of explorers of northern Queensland, Australia.
9051 Jarrah is among the world's most valuable hardwood timber trees.
9052 Jarrow is an industrial town on the south bank of the River Tyne, in northast England.
9053 Jaruzelski, Wojciech (1923-...), was the top leader of Poland from 1981 to 1989.
9054 Jasmine is the name of about 200 species of flowering shrubs that grow in mainly tropical and
subtropical regions.
9055 Jason was a hero in Greek mythology who led a band of men called the Argonauts.
9056 Jasper is the name of a dark red variety of chalcedony.
9057 Jaspers, Karl (1883-1969), was a leading German existentialist philosopher.
9058 Jassin, H. B. (1917-...), an Indonesian essay writer and literary critic, has been called "the custodian of
modern Indonesian literature." He is best known for his vast collection of materials on Indonesian
literature.
9059 Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin, the tissues, and the whites of the eyes.
9060 Java is the most heavily populated and important island of Indonesia.
9061
Java man was a type of prehistoric human being who lived from about 1 million to 500,000 years ago.
9062 Javed Miandad (1957-...), a right-handed Pakistani batsman, scored more test runs than any other
Pakistani cricketer.
9063 Javelin is a light, slender spear that is thrown for distance in athletics meetings.
9064 Javits, Jacob Koppel (1904-1986), a New York Republican, served in the United States Senate from
1957 to 1981.
9065 Jay is a woodland bird of the crow family.
9066 Jayakumar, Shunmugan (1939-...), became Singapore's minister of foreign affairs in 1994.
9067
Jazz is a kind of music that has often been called the only art form to originate in the United States.
9068 Jean Baptiste de la Salle, Saint (1651-1719), a French priest, founded the Institute of Brothers of the
Christian School, a Roman Catholic religious order devoted to teaching boys.
9069
Jeans are trousers that are usually made of denim, a heavy, coarse cotton cloth with a diagonal weave.
9070 Jeans, Sir James Hopwood (1877-1946), contributed to the understanding of the behaviour of
molecules, especially to the kinetic theory of gases (see GAS).
9071 Jedda was Australia's first feature film in colour.
9072 Jeep is a small all-purpose vehicle used by the armed forces of many countries.
9073 Jefferies, Richard (1848-1887), was an English naturalist and novelist.
9074 Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826), was the third president of the United States, holding the office from
1801 to 1809.
9075 Jeffreys, George (1645-1689), Lord Jeffreys of Wem, was a Tory judge who worked vigorously to
support Charles II and James II against their Whig opponents.
9076 Jeffreys, Sir Harold (1891-1989), a British geophysicist, became a leading authority on the structure of
the earth.
9077 Jeffries, James Jackson (1875-1953), was an American boxer.
9078 Jehoiakim (?-598? B.C.) was king of Judah from about 608 B.C. until his death.
9079 Jehoshaphat was a ruler of the kingdom of Judah during the first half of the 800's B.C. In the Bible,
Jehoshaphat's story is told in II Chronicles 17:1-21:3.
9080 Jehovah is a form of Yahweh, the sacred Hebrew name for God.
9081 Jehovah's Witnesses are members of a religious group that uses the Watch Tower Bible and Tract
Society as its corporate body.
9082 Jehu was a king of Israel.
9083 Jellicoe, Sir John (1859-1935), was a British naval officer during World War I (1914-1918).
9084 Jellyfish is the common name of a type of sea animal that biologists call a medusa.
9085 Jemison, Mae Carol (1956-...), an American astronaut and doctor, became the first black woman to
travel in space.
9086 Jenkin, Patrick (1926-...), a Conservative Party politician, was Britain's Secretary of State for the
Environment from 1983 to 1985.
9087 Jenkins, Charles Francis (1867-1934), was a United States inventor who developed the phantascope
and mechanical scanning devices for television.
9088 Jenkins, Roy Harris (1920-...), is a British politician.
9089 Jenne, also called is a small city in Mali.
9090 Jenner, Edward (1749-1823), a British doctor, discovered vaccination as a means of preventing
smallpox.
9091 Jenner, Sir William (1815-1898), a British doctor, studied certain acute communicable diseases and did
much to advance their treatment.
9092 Jenney, William Le Baron (1832-1907), was an American architect and engineer.
9093
Jennings, Sir Ivor (1903-1965), a British academic, became a leading authority on law and government.
9094 Jenolan Caves are a series of caves in Australia.
9095 Jensen, J. Hans (1906-1973), a German physicist, shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for physics with Maria
Goeppert Mayer and Eugene Paul Wigner.
9096 Jensen, Johannes Vilhelm (1873-1950), was a Danish author who won the 1944 Nobel Prize for
literature.
9097 Jenson, Nicolas (1415?-1480), a French printer, introduced roman types in 1470.
9098 Jerboa is a mammal that looks like a tiny kangaroo.
9099
Jeremiah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, named after a Hebrew prophet.
9100
Jericho (pop. 5,312) lies in the West Bank, a Middle Eastern territory inhabited chiefly by Palestinians.
9101 Jerilderie (pop. 954), is a small town in New South Wales, Australia.
9102 Jeritza, Maria (1887-1982), was a Czech dramatic soprano.
9103 Jeroboam is the name of two kings who ruled the northern kingdom of Israel.
9104 Jerome, Jerome K. (1859-1927), was a British playwright, novelist, and humorist.
9105 Jerome, Saint (about 340-420), was a great Biblical scholar of the Christian church.
9106 Jersey is the largest of the Channel Islands.
9107 Jersey is a plain, knitted fabric without ribs (ridges).
9108 Jerusalem is a holy city of Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
9109 Jerusalem artichoke is a plant native to North America, and cultivated in both the New World and the Old
World.
9110 Jervis Bay is an inlet on the coast of New South Wales, Australia.
9111 Jester was a person whose duty it was to amuse the family of a king or nobleman.
9112 Jesuits are members of a Roman Catholic religious order of men.
9113 Jesus Christ was one of the world's greatest religious leaders.
9114
Jet is a kind of coal so hard and uniform that it can be carved and polished to look like black glass.
9115 Jet boat is a small craft that is propelled by a jet of water pumped at a high velocity through a nozzle at
the stern.
9116 Jet propulsion is the production of motion in one direction by releasing a high-pressure stream of gas in
the opposite direction.
9117
Jet Propulsion Laboratory is a centre for the design of unmanned spacecraft and their control in space.
9118 Jet stream is a band of fast-moving air currents that occur at high altitudes.
9119 Jetty is an engineering structure built into a river or harbour.
9120 Jevons, William Stanley (1835-1882), a British economist, was one of the first to formulate the economic
theory of marginal utility.
9121 Jewel is an ornament made of enamel or precious metals or stones.
9122 Jewellery refers to the ornaments people wear.
9123 Jewfish is the name of several species of large fish, known as groupers (see GROUPER).
9124 Jews are the descendants of an ancient people called the Hebrews.
9125 Jew's-harp is a small musical instrument that is used mainly in folk music and by children.
9126 Jhansi, Rani of (1835-1858), an Indian queen, became famous for her military leadership in the war of
independence against the British in 1857.
9127 Jiang Qing (1914-1991), also spelled Chiang Ch'ing, was a Chinese political leader.
9128 Jiang Zemin (1927-...) became general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 1989.
9129 Jicama is a type of climbing vine grown for its fleshy, edible tubers (thick underground stems).
9130 Jidda (pop. 1,210,000) is the chief seaport and air terminal of Saudi Arabia.
9131 Jimenez, Juan Ramon (1881-1958), a Spanish poet, won the 1956 Nobel Prize for literature.
9132 Jimenez de Cisneros, Francisco (1436-1517), was a Spanish cardinal.
9133 Jimenez de Quesada, Gonzalo (1497?-1579), was a Spanish conqueror.
9134 Jimmu Tenno, also called Jimmu, was supposedly the first emperor of Japan and founder of the family
that has ruled Japan throughout its history.
9135 Jimson weed, also called thorn apple, is a large, bushy, poisonous plant.
9136
Jindabyne (pop. 1,733) is a tourist resort in the Snowy Mountains area of New South Wales, Australia.
9137 Jindivik is a remote-controlled jet aircraft, designed and produced in Australia under the government's
defence research programme.
9138 Jingoism is an attitude of boastful, warlike patriotism.
9139 Jinnah, Muhammad Ali (1876-1948), was a leader in India's struggle for independence.
9140 Jinrikisha, also called ricksha or rickshaw, is a light two-wheeled cart once widely used as a public
vehicle in Japan, China, and other countries of East Asia.
9141 Jivaro Indians are a tribe famous for their fierceness and for their head shrinking.
9142 Joan of Arc, Saint (1412?-1431), was a French national heroine who became a saint of the Roman
Catholic Church.
9143 Joaquin, Nick (1917-...), the foremost Filipino author writing in English, was honoured as a "national
artist" by the government of the Philippines in 1976.
9144 Job, Book of, is a book of the Bible.
9145 Jobim, Antonio Carlos (1927-...), is a Brazilian composer, pianist, and arranger of popular music.
9146 Job's tears is a type of tall grass that grows in tropical climates.
9147 Jodl, Alfred, (1892?-1946), signed the unconditional surrender of Germany in Reims in 1945.
9148 Jodrell Bank Observatory, near Manchester, England, is one of the world's largest radio astronomy
observatories.
9149 Joel, Book of, is a book of the Bible named after an Israelite prophet.
9150 Joffre, Joseph Jacques Cesaire (1852-1931), commanded the French armies during the early part of
World War I (1914-1918).
9151
Joffrey, Robert (1930-1988), was an American ballet teacher and choreographer (composer of dances).
9152
Jogging is a popular form of exercise and recreation in which a person runs at a steady, moderate pace.
9153
Jogues, Saint Isaac (1607-1646), a Jesuit missionary, preached among the Huron Indians in Canada.
9154 Johanan ben Zakkai was the foremost spiritual and cultural leader of the Jewish people shortly after the
time of Christ.
9155 Johannesburg (pop. 828,000; met. area pop. 2,747,000) is a city in South Africa.
9156 John (1167?-1216), often called John Lackland, was one of England's most unpopular kings.
9157 John II (1455-1495) ruled as king of Portugal from 1481 until his death in October 1495.
9158 John III Sobieski (1624-1696) was king of Poland when the Turkish menace to Christendom was at its
height.
9159 John VI (1769?-1826) was king of Portugal from 1816 to 1826.
9160 John XXII (about 1245-1334) was elected pope in 1316.
9161 John XXIII (about 1370-1419) was an antipope during a troubled period in church history called the
Great Schism (1378-1417).
9162 John XXIII (1881-1963) was elected pope in 1958, succeeding Pius XII. Many people thought that John
would have a short, uneventful reign because he was nearly 77 years old.
9163 John, Augustus Edwin (1878-1961), a Welsh-born painter, became known principally for his portraits of
prominent people.
9164 John, Barry (1945-...), a Welsh rugby union player, won fame as the most outstanding British player of
his time.
9165 John, Elton (1947-...), is a British rock pianist, singer, and songwriter.
9166 John, Epistles of, are the 23rd, 24th, and 25th books of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
9167 John, Errol (1923-1988), a West Indian actor and writer, won acclaim for his brilliant short play, Moon on
a Rainbow Shawl, first produced in London in 1958.
9168 John, Gwen (1876-1939), was a British painter, known for her portraits.
9169 John, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
9170 John Bull is the name used for England and the English people.
9171 John Dory is a short, deep-bodied fish with a characteristic large, black spot on each side.
9172 John of Gaunt (1340-1399), Duke of Lancaster, was the power behind the throne during much of the
reign of his nephew, King Richard II of England.
9173 John o' Groats lies at the extreme northeastern tip of the mainland of Scotland.
9174 John Paul I (1912-1978) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1978.
9175 John Paul II (1920-...) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1978.
9176 John the Baptist, Saint (6 B.C.?-A.D. 28), in Christianity, was a prophet who was considered the
forerunner of Jesus Christ.
9177 Johns, Jasper (1930-...), is an American artist.
9178 Johns, W. E. (1893-1968), a British writer, gained great popularity among schoolboys with his thrilling
stories of Biggles, a daring and adventurous airman.
9179 Johnson, Amy (1903-1941), a British airwoman, won fame in 1930 when she became the first woman to
make a solo flight from England to Australia.
9180 Johnson, Andrew (1808-1875), was president of the United States from 1865 to 1869.
9181
Johnson, Ian (1918-...), an Australian off-spin bowler and batsman, captained the Australian cricket team
in 17 test matches against England, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, and the West Indies.
9182 Johnson, Jack (1878-1946), an American boxer, was the first black to win the world heavyweight
championship.
9183 Johnson, Lyndon Baines (1908-1973), was president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
9184 Johnson, Philip Cortelyou (1906-...), is an American architect.
9185 Johnson, Richard (1753-1827), was the first clergyman in Australia.
9186 Johnson, Samuel (1709-1784), was the greatest British writer of his day and the subject of a famous
biography by his friend James Boswell.
9187 Johnson, Thomas (1732-1819), an American statesman and jurist, helped lead the state of Maryland
during the American Revolution (1775-1783).
9188 Johnson Space Center is the headquarters for all United States manned spacecraft projects conducted
by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
9189 Johnston, Bill (1922-...), was one of Australia's greatest bowlers during the period 1946 to 1950, when
Australia was the reigning world cricket champion.
9190 Johnston, Denis (1901-1984), an Irish playwright, was director of the Gate Theatre in Dublin from 1931
to 1936.
9191 Johnston, Edward (1872-1944), was a British authority on lettering.
9192 Johnston, George Henry (1912-1970), an Australian novelist, wrote My Brother Jack, which won the
Miles Franklin Literary Award in 1964.
9193 Johnston, Sir Harry (1858-1927), was a British explorer who played an important part in the foundation
of British rule in east-central Africa.
9194 Johor is the most southern state of Peninsular Malaysia.
9195 Johor Bahru (pop. 705,432) is the fourth largest city in Malaysia.
9196 Joint is the place at which two or more bones meet in the skeleton of the body.
9197 Joint-stock company was a form of business organization in which the funds to carry on business were
obtained by selling shares of stock (the companies' capital) to a number of individuals.
9198 Jojoba is an evergreen shrub that grows wild in desert regions of northwestern Mexico and the
Southwestern United States.
9199 Joliot-Curie, Irene (1897-1956), was a French physicist known for her work with radioactivity, especially
the production of artificial radioactive elements.
9200 Jolliet, Louis (1645-1700), also spelled Joliet, was a French-Canadian explorer who led an expedition
down the Mississippi River, in North America.
9201 Jolson, Al (1886-1950), was a popular American stage and film entertainer.
9202 Jonah, Book of, is one of a group of books of the Bible called the Prophets.
9203 Jones, Bobby (1902-1971), an American golfer, was one of the greatest players in the history of the
sport.
9204 Jones, Casey (1863-1900), was an American railway engineer who gave his life in a train crash to save
his passengers and crew.
9205 Jones, Ernest (1879-1958), a British doctor, helped introduce the principles of psychoanalysis into the
United States, Great Britain, and Canada.
9206 Jones, Henry Arthur (1851-1929), was an English dramatist and critic.
9207 Jones, Inigo (1573-1652), was the first major architect of the English Renaissance.
9208 Jones, John Paul (1747-1792), is often called the Father of the American Navy.
9209 Jones, Sir William (1746-1794), was one of the first British scholars to study the ancient Indian language
of Sanskrit.
9210 Jonquil is any of several yellow narcissuses that come from southern Europe and northern Africa.
9211 Jonson, Ben (1572-1637), was an English playwright and poet.
9212 Joplin, Janis (1943-1970), was an American blues and rock music singer of the 1960's.
9213 Joplin, Scott (1868-1917), an American composer and pianist, was the leading composer of ragtime, a
lively, rhythmic kind of music written chiefly for the piano.
9214 Jordan is an Arab kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan in the heart of the Middle East.
9215 Jordan, David Starr (1851-1931), was an American naturalist, educator, and chief director of the World
Peace Foundation.
9216 Jordan, Ernst Pascual (1902-1980), was a German physicist.
9217 Jordan, River, the only important river of Israel and Jordan, rises in the springs of Mount Hermon in
Syria.
9218 Jorgensen, Jorgen (1780-1841), was a Danish adventurer who settled in Sydney in 1801.
9219 Joseph was the husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and a descendant of David, the second king of
Israel.
9220 Joseph was the Hebrew boy who was sold into Egypt by his brothers and became the great prime
minister of Pharaoh.
9221 Joseph, Mother (1823-1902), was a Canadian-born Roman Catholic nun and architect.
9222 Joseph, Sir Keith Sinjohn (1918-1995), was the United Kingdom's secretary of state for education and
science from 1981 to 1986.
9223 Joseph of Arimathea was a wealthy member of the Jewish Sanhedrin (ruling council) in Jerusalem at the
time of Jesus.
9224 Josephine (1763-1814) was the beloved wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, one of French history's most
important figures.
9225 Josephus, Flavius (A.D. 37?-100?), a Jewish historian, wrote Jewish Antiquities, a 20-volume history of
the Jews from their beginnings to the close of Nero's reign.
9226 Joshua, a lieutenant of Moses, led Israel in the conquest of Palestine after Moses' death.
9227 Josiah was one of the last and most unselfish rulers of Judah.
9228 Jouhaux, Leon (1879-1954), a French socialist, labour leader, and worker for international cooperation,
won the 1951 Nobel Peace Prize.
9229 Joule, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure work and energy.
9230 Joule, James Prescott (1818-1889), a British physicist, shared in discovering the law of the conservation
of energy.
9231 Journalism is one of the most important professions.
9232 Jowett, Benjamin (1817-1893), was an outstanding British scholar, teacher, and administrator.
9233 Joyce, Eileen (1912-1991), an Australian pianist of outstanding technical brilliance, became a popular
concert artist in many countries.
9234 Joyce, James (1882-1941), an Irish novelist, revolutionized the treatment of plot and characterization in
fiction.
9235 Juan Carlos I (1938-...) is the king of Spain.
9236 Juan Fernandez is the name of a group of three islands that lie about 640 kilometres west of Chile in the
Pacific Ocean.
9237 Juarez (pop. 567,365) is Mexico's largest city on the border with the United States.
9238 Juarez, Benito Pablo (1806-1872), was one of the greatest Mexican political leaders.
9239 Judah, in the Old Testament of the Bible, was the fourth son of Jacob.
9240 Judah Maccabee was the leader of the Jews in their struggle for independence in the 100's B.C. He was
the son of a priest named Mattathias from the ancient city of Modin.
9241 Judaism is the religion of the world's approximately 13 million Jews.
9242 Judas Iscariot was the apostle who betrayed Jesus Christ.
9243 Judas tree is a small tree native to southern Europe.
9244 Judd, Charles Hubbard (1873-1946), was a leading American psychologist and educator.
9245 Jude, Epistle of, is a short letter that forms the 26th book of the New Testament in the Bible.
9246 Jude, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
9247 Judea was the name of a country in southern Palestine in ancient times.
9248 Judge is an officer of the government who presides over a law court.
9249
Judges, Book of, is a book of the Bible that describes the history of the tribes of Israel from about the
1100's to the 900's B.C. The Book of Judges tells the stories of leaders of ancient Israel called judges.
9250 Judgment, in law, is the decision of a court.
9251 Judgment involves understanding and acknowledging how two or more ideas may be alike or how they
may be different.
9252 Judith is the heroine of the Book of Judith, one of the Apocryphal books of the Old Testament in the
Bible.
9253 Judo is a sport in which a person uses balance, leverage, and timing to pin or throw an opponent.
9254 Judson, Clara Ingram (1879-1960), an American author, won awards for her stories and biographies for
children.
9255 Juggling is throwing and catching more than one object in one hand, or three or more objects in two
hands.
9256 Jugular vein is the name of each of four large veins that return blood to the heart from the head and
neck.
9257 Julian (A.D. 331-363) was the last Roman emperor to oppose Christianity.
9258 Julian calendar was devised in 46 B.C. by the order of Julius Caesar.
9259 Julian or Juliana of Norwich (1342?-after 1413) was a religious mystic (person who claims to have
knowledge or awareness of things beyond ordinary human experience).
9260 Juliana (1909-...) was the queen of the Netherlands from 1948 to 1980.
9261 Julius II (1443-1513) was the most vigorous and forceful of all the Renaissance popes.
9262 July is the seventh month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all the
world today.
9263 July Revolution of 1830 took place in Paris when the French people revolted against King Charles X.
King Charles had tried to make France an absolute monarchy as it had been before the first French
Revolution took place.
9264 Jumna River, in northern India, forms one of the most important branches of the Ganges River.
9265 Jumping bean, the seed of a Mexican shrub, is famous for its quick, jumping movements.
9266 Jumping mouse is a small animal that usually moves by hopping.
9267 Junco is the name of a few species of sparrowlike birds belonging to the finch family.
9268 June is the sixth month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all the
world today.
9269 June beetle, also called June bug or May beetle, is a name for several large brown beetles often seen in
temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere during May and June.
9270
Juneau (pop. 26,751), the capital of Alaska, has a larger area than any other city in the United States.
9271 Jung, Carl Gustav (1875-1961), was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist who developed the field of
analytical psychology.
9272
Jungfrau, a famous mountain, rises 4,158 metres above sea level in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland.
9273 Jungle is an area of lush, tropical vegetation.
9274 Jungle fowl is the name of a group of birds that live in southern Asia and the East Indies.
9275
Juniper is the common name of a group of evergreen shrubs and small trees of the cypress family.
9276 Junius letters appeared in a London newspaper, the Public Advertiser, between 1769 and 1772.
9277 Junk is a wooden sailing vessel used in China and other countries of the Far East.
9278 Junkers were wealthy landowners of Prussia.
9279 Juno was the sister and wife of Jupiter, king of the gods of Roman mythology.
9280 Junta is a small group that takes over a government and rules by decree.
9281 Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
9282 Jupiter was king of the gods and ruler of the universe in Roman mythology.
9283 Jura is a mountain range that lies between the Rhine and Rhone rivers.
9284 Jury is a group of lay citizens that hears the witnesses in legal disputes and decides the facts.
9285
Justice of the peace is a part-time, unpaid, local administrator who undertakes various legal duties in
countries such as Australia, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
9286 Justin the Martyr, Saint (100?-165?), was the first prominent defender of the Christian faith against non-
Christians.
9287
Justinian I (A.D. 482-565) was the Byzantine (East Roman) emperor from A.D. 527 until his death.
9288 Justinian Code. Justinian I, ruler of the eastern Roman Empire from A.D. 527 to 565, commanded 10 of
the wisest men in his realm to draw up a collection of the Roman laws.
9289 Jute is a long, soft, shiny fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads.
9290 Jutes were members of one of three tribes that conquered most of England between about A.D. 450 and
the late 500's.
9291 Jutland, Battle of, was the only major engagement between the fleets of Germany and Great Britain in
World War I (1914-1918).
9292 Juvenal (A.D. 60?-130?) was a Roman poet known for his 16 biting satires.
9293 Juvenile court is a special court that handles cases involving children who have committed crimes or
who need the care and protection of society.
9294 Juvenile delinquency usually refers to the violation of a law by a juvenile.
9295 K is the 11th letter of the English alphabet.
9296 K2, also called Mount Godwin Austen or Dapsang, is the world's second highest mountain.
9297 Kaaba, also spelled Caaba, is the most sacred shrine of Islam.
9298 Kabbalah is a mystical movement in Judaism.
9299 Kabir, who lived in the 1400's, was an Indian religious poet.
9300 Kabul (pop. 1,036,407), is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan.
9301
Kadar, Janos (1912-1989), ruled Hungary from 1956 to 1988 as first secretary of the Communist Party.
9302 Kadina (pop. 3,263), is a town in South Australia, at the northern end of Yorke Peninsula.
9303 Kaesong (pop. 345,642), is a commercial and industrial centre in southern North Korea.
9304 Kaffir is any one of a group of grain sorghums native to Africa (see SORGHUM).
9305 Kafka, Franz (1883-1924), was a Czech writer who gained worldwide fame only after World War II (1939-
1945).
9306 Kagawa, Toyohiko (1888-1960), was a leading Christian minister and social worker in Japan.
9307 Kahn, Louis Isadore (1901-1974), was a major American architect and teacher.
9308 Kaiser was the title used by rulers of the German Empire.
9309 Kaiser, Georg (1878-1945), was a German expressionist playwright.
9310 Kaiser, Henry John (1882-1967), an American industrialist, attracted attention during World War II (1939-
1945) by the speed with which he built ships.
9311 Kakadu National Park lies between the South Alligator and East Alligator rivers in the Northern Territory,
Australia.
9312 Kakapo is a rare New Zealand parrot.
9313 Kala-azar is a disease that affects humans and animals.
9314 Kalahari Desert is a large, dry sandy basin that covers about 500,000 square kilometres in southern
Africa.
9315 Kale is a vegetable somewhat like cabbage but with loose, curly leaves instead of a head.
9316 Kaleidoscope is a small tube in which you can see beautiful colours and designs.
9317 Kalgoorlie (pop. 26,079), a town in Western Australia, is the centre of Australia's chief gold and nickel
fields.
9318 Kalidasa was a great Indian poet and dramatist.
9319 Kalimantan is the name generally given to the Indonesian part of Borneo, the third-largest island in the
world.
9320 Kalinga, Conquest of, was a turning point in the life and reign of Emperor Asoka, the greatest ruler of
ancient India.
9321 Kaliningrad (pop. 380,000), is the westernmost port city of Russia.
9322 Kaltenborn, H. V. (1878-1965), an American radio commentator, gained recognition as the father of his
profession.
9323
Kaluli are a tribal people who live near Mount Bosavi on the Papuan Plateau of Papua New Guinea.
9324 Kamakura period, in Japanese history, lasted from 1185 to 1333.
9325 Kambalda (pop. 3,519), is a town in Western Australia about 56 kilometres south of Kalgoorlie.
9326 Kamchatka Peninsula extends southward from eastern Siberia, in Russia, between the Bering Sea and
the Sea of Okhotsk.
9327 Kamehameha I (1758?-1819), founded the Kingdom of Hawaii.
9328
Kamikaze was a type of Japanese pilot who flew suicide missions during World War II (1939-1945).
9329 Kampala (pop. 773,463), is the capital and largest city of Uganda.
9330 Kandinsky, Wassily (1866-1944), was a Russian artist.
9331 Kane, Paul (1810-1871), a pioneer Canadian painter, was the first artist of importance to paint North
American Indians.
9332 Kanem was one of the longest-lasting empires in history.
9333 Kangaroo is a furry animal that hops on its hind legs.
9334 Kangaroo court is a slang term for an unauthorized gathering of people who take the law into their own
hands by acting as a court.
9335 Kangaroo Island is the largest island off the coast of South Australia.
9336 Kangaroo paw is a flowering plant that grows only in Western Australia.
9337 Kangaroo rat is a rodent that jumps around like a kangaroo on long, powerful hind legs.
9338 Kania, Stanislaw (1927-...), served as first secretary of the Communist Party of Poland from September
1980 to October 1981.
9339 Kanishka (?-A.D. 160?), was the greatest ruler of the Kushan Empire, which flourished in what is now
Pakistan, Afghanistan, and northwest India from about A.D. 50 to the mid-200's.
9340 Kano School was a group of Japanese painters whose members were all drawn from one family.
9341 Kanpur (pop. 2,103,483), is the largest city in Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India.
9342 Kansas is a Midwestern state of the United States.
9343 Kansas City (pop. 584,913; met. area pop. 1,566,280), is an industrial city in the Midwestern region of
the United States.
9344 Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804), was a German philosopher.
9345 Kantor, Mackinlay (1904-1977), a versatile American author, wrote two notable Civil War novels.
9346 Kaolin is a pure white clay made of feldspar that has decomposed.
9347 Kapitsa, Pyotr (1894-1984), a Soviet physicist, became well known for his work in low-temperature
physics and in magnetism.
9348 Kapok is a light, soft, lustrous, cottonlike fibre.
9349 Kapoor, Anish (1954-...) is an Indian artist living in the United Kingdom (U.K.).
9350 Kapunda (pop. 3,199), is a town 65 kilometres northeast of Adelaide in South Australia.
9351 Kara Sea, an arm of the Arctic Ocean, lies off the northern coast of Siberia, between the Kara Strait and
the Severnaya Zemlya Islands.
9352 Karachi (pop. 5,208,170), is the largest city and chief port of Pakistan.
9353 Karajan, Herbert von (1908-1989), was one of the leading symphony orchestra and opera conductors of
the 1900's.
9354 Karaka is a round-headed tree native to New Zealand and its offshore islands.
9355
Karakul is a fat-tailed sheep from which pelts called broadtail, Persian lamb, and caracul are obtained.
9356 Karakum is a large desert that occupies most of Turkmenistan.
9357 Karate is a form of unarmed combat in which a person kicks or strikes with the hands, elbows, knees, or
feet.
9358 Karelia is an autonomous republic in Russia.
9359 Karloff, Boris (1887-1969), was a British actor known for his chilling performances in American horror
films.
9360 Karlovy Vary, also called Karlsbad (pop. 58,541), is a health resort in the Czech Republic.
9361 Karma is an important concept in several Eastern religions, especially Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Jainism.
9362 Karnataka is a state on the west coast of southern India.
9363
Karoo is a semidesert high-lying area in the upland regions of South Africa's Eastern Cape Province.
9364
Karratha (pop. 9,533), is the largest town in the Pilbara, an iron ore mining region in Western Australia.
9365 Karri is a type of eucalyptus tree that grows in Western Australia.
9366 Karsh, Yousuf (1908-...), a Canadian photographer, became famous for his portraits of leading
international figures in politics, literature, and the arts.
9367 Kartini, Raden Ajeng (1879-1904), was one of the first women in Indonesia to campaign for more
education, freedom, and independence for women.
9368 Kathmandu (pop. 419,073), also spelled Katmandu, is the capital and largest city of Nepal.
9369 Katin, Peter (1930-...), is a British pianist known especially for his interpretations of the works of Ludwig
van Beethoven and Frederic Chopin.
9370 Katydid is a large green or brown insect with long antennae (feelers).
9371 Katzenbach, Nicholas deBelleville (1922-...), a United States politician, served as undersecretary of state
in the U.S.A. from 1966 until 1968.
9372 Kauffmann, Angelica (1741-1807), was a Swiss-born painter.
9373 Kaufman, George S. (1889-1961), was an American playwright.
9374 Kaunas (pop. 400,000), is the second largest city of Lithuania.
9375 Kaunda, Kenneth David (1924-...), was president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991.
9376 Kauri is a magnificent pine tree that grows 25 to 30 metres high.
9377 Kaurna were a group of about 300 Aborigines who inhabited the Adelaide Plains at the time British
settlers arrived in South Australia in 1836.
9378 Kava is the name of two shrubs related to the pepper plant.
9379 Kavanagh, Liam (1935-...), an Irish Labour Party politician, was the Republic of Ireland's minister for
tourism, fisheries, and forestry from 1986 to 1987.
9380 Kavanagh, Patrick (1905-1967), was an Irish poet who drew on his experience of life in Ireland for much
of his poetry.
9381 Kawasaki disease is a potentially serious illness of young children.
9382
Kay, John (1704?-1764?), invented the flying shuttle, a device that saved weavers' time and labour.
9383 Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James Phillips (1804-1877), was a British educationalist who laid the foundations
of the English educational system.
9384 Kayak is a light, narrow boat that looks somewhat like a canoe but has an enclosed deck.
9385 Kaye, Danny (1913-1987), an American comedian, became noted for his lively pantomimes and his
command of ingenious songs.
9386 Kazakstan is a country in west-central Asia.
9387 Kazan (pop. 1,039,000), is the capital of the Tatar republic, which is part of Russia.
9388 Kazan, Elia (1909-...), became one of America's best-known stage and screen directors.
9389 Kazantzakis, Nikos (1883-1957), was a Greek novelist, dramatist, poet, and philosopher.
9390 Kea is a parrot that lives in New Zealand.
9391
Kean, Edmund (1787-1833), was considered the greatest and most influential British actor of his time.
9392 Keating, Geoffrey (1570?-1644?), an Irish historian and poet, was one of the greatest writers of classical
Irish prose.
9393 Keating, Paul (1944-...), was prime minister of Australia from 1991 to 1996.
9394 Keaton, Buster (1895-1966), was an American film actor.
9395 Keats, Ezra Jack (1916-1983), an American illustrator, won the Caldecott Medal (See CALDECOTT
MEDAL) in 1963 for The Snowy Day (1962).
9396 Keats, John (1795-1821), was a British poet of the romantic period.
9397 Keble, John (1792-1866), was a British scholar, poet, and clergyman.
9398 Kedah is a state in northwest Peninsular Malaysia.
9399 Keepit Dam blocks the Namoi River west of the Dividing Range in Australia.
9400
Keeshond is a Dutch dog of Arctic descent, related to the Samoyed, Chow chow, and Pomeranian.
9401 Keher, Eddie (1941-...), was an outstanding Irish hurling player.
9402 Keitel, Wilhelm (1882-1946), served as chief of the German supreme command in World War II (1939-
1945).
9403 Keith, Sir Arthur (1866-1955), was a British anatomist and anthropologist.
9404 Kekkonen, Urho Kaleva (1900-1986), served as president of Finland from 1956 to 1981.
9405 Kekule von Stradonitz, Friedrich August, (1829-1896), was a German chemist and professor.
9406 Kelantan is a state in the northeast of Peninsular Malaysia.
9407 Kell, Reginald (1906-1981), an English clarinetist, became known for his superb technique and for his
ability to produce beautiful tone through the whole range of his instrument.
9408 Keller, Gottfried (1819-1890), was the most famous Swiss author who wrote in German before the
1900's.
9409
Keller, Helen Adams (1880-1968), was an American author and campaigner for handicapped people.
9410 Kellogg, Frank Billings (1856-1937), was an American lawyer, diplomat, and statesman.
9411 Kellogg, W. K. (1860-1951), an American cereal manufacturer, became known as "king of the corn
flakes." Will Keith Kellogg spent the first half of his life in obscurity.
9412 Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact, also called Pact of Paris, condemned the use of war to solve international
problems, and called for peaceful settlement of disputes.
9413 Kelly, Colin (1915-1941), was a captain in the United States Army Air Forces.
9414 Kelly, Gene (1912-1996), was a popular American dancer, choreographer (dance creator), actor, and
director.
9415 Kelly, Sir Gerald (1879-1972), a British art expert, was president of the Royal Academy of Arts from
1949 to 1954.
9416 Kelly, Grace (1929-1982), Princess Grace of Monaco, was a famous American film actress before she
married Prince Rainier III of Monaco in 1956 (see RAINIER III).
9417 Kelly, James (1791-1859), founded the whaling industry in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).
9418 Kelly, Michael (1762-1826), was an Irish tenor who gained success in Vienna, partly through his
friendship with Mozart.
9419 Kelly, Ned (1855-1880), was the most notorious of Australia's bushrangers (outlaws).
9420 Keloid is a mass of scar tissue that occurs at the site of a healing wound.
9421 Kelp is any of a variety of large, brown seaweeds that grow underwater and on rocky shores.
9422 Kelvin, Lord (1824-1907), William Thomson, was one of the great British physicists of the 1800's.
9423 Kemble was the name of a British theatrical family in the 1700's and 1800's.
9424 Kendall, Amos (1789-1869), was an American political leader.
9425 Kendall, Edward Calvin (1886-1972), was an American biochemist.
9426 Kendall, Henry (1839-1882), was one of the first poets to capture the Australian scene in verse.
9427 Kendall, Thomas (1778-1832), a British schoolteacher and missionary, helped to compile the first
dictionary of the Maori language.
9428 Kendrew, Sir John Cowdery (1917-...), a British physicist, shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for chemistry with
Max Perutz.
9429 Keneally, Thomas (1935-...), an Australian writer, wrote Schindler's Ark, which won the United
Kingdom's Booker Prize and the Los Angeles Times' Fiction Prize in 1982.
9430 Kennan, George Frost (1904-? ? ?), an American diplomat, is credited with developing the U.S. policy to
prevent Soviet expansion after World War II (1939-1945).
9431
Kennedy is the name of a family that became prominent in American government, politics, and business.
9432 Kennedy, David Matthew (1905-1996), served as U.S. secretary of the treasury under President Richard
M. Nixon from 1969 to 1971.
9433 Kennedy, Edmund (1818-1848), was an Australian explorer.
9434 Kennedy, Jimmy (1903-1984), was an Irish songwriter.
9435 Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (1917-1963), was president of the United States from 1961 to 1963.
9436 Kennedy, Margaret (1896-1967), a British novelist, journalist, and playwright, won success in 1924 with
her novel The Constant Nymph, a charming and poignant love-story of a young girl.
9437 Kennet (pop. 67,500), is a local government district in Wiltshire, England, administered from the old
market town of Devizes.
9438 Kenny, Elizabeth (1880-1952), an Australian nurse, developed a method of treating poliomyelitis (see
POLIOMYELITIS).
9439 Kensington and Chelsea (pop. 127,600), is a borough within the Greater London area.
9440 Kensington rune stone is a stone slab inscribed with early Germanic characters called runes.
9441 Kent is the county in southeastern England known as the garden of England because of its beautiful
countryside.
9442 Kent, Rockwell (1882-1971), was an American painter, illustrator, printmaker, and author.
9443 Kent, William (1685-1748), a leading British architect of the Palladian style, is best known for his design
of the buildings at the Horse Guards' Parade, in London.
9444 Kentigern, Saint (?-A.D. 603), was an early Christian missionary in Scotland.
9445 Kenton, Stan (1912-1979), was an American jazz bandleader, pianist, composer, and arranger.
9446 Kentucky is a state in the Southern United States.
9447 Kentucky Derby is the most famous horse race in the United States.
9448 Kenya is a country on the east coast of Africa.
9449 Kenyatta, Jomo (1890?-1978), was the first president of Kenya.
9450 Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630), a German astronomer and mathematician, discovered three laws of
planetary motion.
9451 Kerala is a small, densely populated state in India.
9452 Keratin is a tough, insoluble protein found in the outer layer of the skin of human beings and many other
animals.
9453
Kerensky, Alexander Feodorovich (1881-1970), was an early leader in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
9454
Kermadec Islands are a group of rocky islands situated 965 kilometres north of Auckland, New Zealand.
9455 Kern, Jerome (1885-1945), an American composer, wrote the music for many musical comedies and
films.
9456 Kerosene is an important petroleum product, used chiefly as fuel.
9457 Kerouac, Jack (1922-1969), was an American author and a leader of the beat movement of the 1950's
and 1960's.
9458 Kerr, Sir John (1914-1991), was governor general of Australia from 1974 to 1977.
9459
Kerr's Hundredweight was a gold nugget found in 1851 at Meroo Creek, New South Wales, Australia.
9460 Kerrier (pop. 86,400), is a local government district in the south of Cornwall, England.
9461 Kerry is a coastal county in the southwest of the Republic of Ireland.
9462 Kerry blue terrier, also called the Irish blue terrier, is a type of dog originally bred in southwestern
Ireland.
9463 Kerst, Donald William (1911-1993), was an American physicist.
9464
Kerwin, Patrick (1889-1963), was the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1954 to 1963.
9465 Kesselring, Albert (1885-1960), was a German field marshal of World War II (1939-1945).
9466 Kestrel is the name of any of several small members of the falcon family.
9467 Kettering (pop. 75,200), a local government district in Northamptonshire, England, includes the towns of
Burton Latimer, Desborough, Kettering, and Rothwell.
9468 Kettering, Charles Franklin (1876-1958), was an American engineer and inventor.
9469 Kettle hole is a bowl-shaped hollow in the loose rocks and other material that have been deposited by a
melting glacier.
9470 Kew Gardens, more properly called the Royal Botanic Gardens, contain the largest collection of living
and preserved plants in the world.
9471 Key is a musical term used to tell the keynote in which a musical composition is written.
9472 Key, Francis Scott (1779-1843), was a well-known American lawyer and amateur verse writer.
9473 Key West, Florida (pop. 24,832), is the southernmost city in the continental United States.
9474 Keyes, Lord (1872-1945), a British admiral, served in the United Kingdom Royal Navy in World Wars I
(1914-1918), and II (1939-1945).
9475 Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946), was one of the most influential economists of all time.
9476 KGB was, until 1991, a government agency of the Soviet Union.
9477 Khachaturian, Aram Ilich (1903-1978), was an important Soviet composer.
9478 Khaki is a cotton cloth of a dust-brown colour.
9479 Khalid (1913-1982), served as king of Saudi Arabia from 1975 until his death.
9480 Khalid ibn al-Walid (?-642), an Arab general, was given the name "Sword of God" as a result of his
conquest of Syria.
9481 Khan is the word now used for mister in Afghanistan and other parts of central Asia.
9482 Kharkov (pop. 1,536,000), is a machinery manufacturing centre in Ukraine.
9483 Khartoum (pop. 476,218; met. area pop. 817,364), is the capital of Sudan.
9484 Khoikhoin is the name of a yellow-skinned people of southern Africa.
9485 Khoisan is the name given to the oldest identifiable groups of people to live in southern Africa.
9486 Khomeini, Ruhollah (1900?-1989), an Islamic religious leader, became the chief political figure of Iran
from 1979 until his death in 1989.
9487
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894-1971), was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964.
9488 Khufu was a king of ancient Egypt who lived about 2600 B.C. He is famous for his tomb, the Great
Pyramid at Giza (Al Jizah), near Cairo.
9489 Khusrau, Amir (1253-1325), was an Indian author, poet, and linguist.
9490 Khyber Pass is one of the most famous mountain passes in the world.
9491 Kiama (pop. 15,905), is a seaport on the Illawarra coast of New South Wales, Australia.
9492 Kiandra, once a bustling Australian gold-mining township, is now a ghost town located within the
Kosciusko National Park in southern New South Wales.
9493
Kibbutz (plural kibbutzim) is a form of Jewish community in Israel in which no one owns private property.
9494 Kidd, William (1645?-1701), was a famous Scottish pirate.
9495 Kidman, Sir Sidney (1857-1935), was an Australian station (ranch) owner.
9496 Kidnapping is the act of seizing and holding a person against his or her will.
9497 Kidney is a complex organ in human beings and all other vertebrates.
9498 Kidney stone is a hard object that forms in the kidneys.
9499 Kiefer, Anselm (1945-...), a German painter, is one of a group of artists called neoexpressionists, who try
to inject emotional and spiritual content into art.
9500 Kiel (pop. 245,682), is a major seaport city in northern Germany.
9501 Kiel Canal is a waterway that provides a short cut for ships from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea.
9502 Kiely, Benedict (1919-...), is an Irish literary critic and author.
9503 Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye (1813-1855), a Danish philosopher and religious thinker, is considered one of
the founders of existentialism.
9504 Kiesinger, Kurt Georg (1904-1988), was chancellor of West Germany (now Germany) from 1966 to
1969.
9505 Kiev (pop. 2,616,000), is the capital and largest city of Ukraine.
9506 Kiewa Hydro-Electric Scheme, in the mountains of northeastern Victoria, Australia, harnesses the
headwaters of the Kiewa River.
9507 Kigali (pop. 156,650), is the capital and largest city of Rwanda.
9508 Kikuyu are the largest ethnic group in Kenya, in East Africa.
9509
Kikuyu grass is an African species of grass that is named after the Kikuyu region of Kenya, East Africa.
9510 Kildare is a county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
9511 Kilimanjaro is a dormant East African volcano with two peaks.
9512 Kilkenny is a county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
9513 Killanin, Lord (1914-...), is an Irish businessman and writer whose achievements have won him
international recognition.
9514 Killarney (pop. 7,837), is a town in southwestern Ireland.
9515 Killdeer is a well-known plover (shore bird) that ranges from southern Canada to South America.
9516 Killer whale also called orca is a large marine mammal.
9517 Killy, Jean-Claude (1943-...), was one of the greatest skiers of the 1900's.
9518
Kilmarnock and Loudoun (pop. 78,558), is a local government district in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
9519 Kilmer, Joyce (1886-1918), an American author, wrote many poems and essays, but is remembered for
one short poem, "Trees." The poem first appeared in Poetry Magazine in 1913, and was the title poem
in Kilmer's collection Trees and Other Poems (1914)
9520 Kilogram is a unit of mass (quantity of matter) in the metric system.
9521 Kilohertz is a unit used to measure the frequency of many kinds of vibrations and waves, such as radio
and sound waves.
9522 Kilometre is a unit of distance in the metric system.
9523 Kilowatt is a unit of electric power.
9524
Kilpatrick, William Heard (1871-1965), was a leading American educational philosopher of the 1900's.
9525 Kilt is a traditional garment of men from the Highlands of Scotland and from Ireland.
9526 Kim Il Sung (1912-1994), was the president of North Korea from 1948, when the country was
established, until his death in 1994.
9527 Kimberley (pop. 80,082), is the capital of Northern Cape in South Africa.
9528 Kimberleys are a group of ranges and plateaus that occupy a large area in the northwestern region of
Australia.
9529 Kincaid, Jamaica (1949-...), is a Caribbean novelist.
9530 Kincardine and Deeside (pop. 52,625), was a local government district in the southern part of Grampian
Region, in Scotland.
9531
Kindergarten is a class or small school for young children usually between the ages of four and six.
9532 Kinesics is the scientific study of the body movements involved in communication, especially as they
accompany speech.
9533 King is a title denoting sovereignty.
9534 King, Billie Jean (1943-...), an American tennis star, became one of the greatest women players in
history.
9535 King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968), a black American Baptist minister, was the main leader of the civil
rights movement in the United States during the 1950's and 1960's.
9536 King, Philip Gidley (1758-1808), was governor of New South Wales, Australia, from 1800 to 1806.
9537 King, Stephen (1947-...), is a popular American writer of thrillers and horror fiction.
9538 King, Tom (1933-...), a British Conservative politician, was secretary of state for defence from 1989 to
1992.
9539
King, Sir Truby (1858-1938), a New Zealand doctor and welfare specialist, founded the Royal New
Zealand Society for the Health of Women and Children, commonly called the Plunket Society, in 1907.
9540 King Charles spaniel, a dog that came from China or Japan, was a favourite with English nobility in the
1600's.
9541 King Country is an area covering 25,900 square kilometres in the central part of the North Island of New
Zealand.
9542 King George Sound is one of the finest harbours in Australia.
9543 King Horn is the name given to one of the earliest surviving English romances in verse.
9544 King Island lies at the western approach to Bass Strait, between Tasmania and the mainland of
Australia.
9545 King Leopold Range, in Western Australia, flanks the Kimberley area and extends almost to Collier Bay
in the northern part of the state.
9546 Kingaroy (pop. 10,394), is a town in southeastern Queensland, Australia, near the headwaters of the
Burnett River.
9547 Kingdom is the largest unit of biological classification.
9548 Kingfish is the name given to several different fishes.
9549
Kingfisher is the name of a large family of birds that have large heads and long, heavy, pointed bills.
9550 Kinglet is a small, dainty, olive-green bird with a bright crown (patch) on top of its head.
9551 Kings, Books of, are two books in the Old Testament of the Bible.
9552 Kings and queens of Britain and Ireland. In the past, kings and queens had great power in Britain and
Ireland.
9553 King's Lynn and West Norfolk (pop. 128,400), is a local government district and borough in Norfolk,
England.
9554 Kingsbury, Bruce Steel (1918-1942), an Australian soldier, was awarded the Victoria Cross after his
death in World War II (1939-1945).
9555 Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles (1897-1935), Australia's greatest aviation pioneer, made the first flight
across the Pacific Ocean from the United States to Australia.
9556 Kingsley, Charles (1819-1875), was a famous British author and clergyman.
9557 Kingsley, Sidney (1906-1995), was an American dramatist known for realistic plays that reveal a concern
for social problems.
9558 Kingsnake is any one of a group of American snakes, all of which prey on other snakes.
9559 Kingston (pop. 104,041; met. area pop. 524,638), is the capital city and chief port of the Caribbean
island country of Jamaica, a part of the West Indies.
9560 Kingston upon Thames (pop. 130,300), is an English borough within the Greater London area.
9561 Kingstown (pop. 18,830), is the capital and largest city of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, an island
country in the Caribbean Sea.
9562 Kingswood (pop. 87,100) was a local government district in the county of Avon, England, lying east of
Bristol and north of the River Avon.
9563 Kinkaid, Thomas Cassin (1888-1972), an American naval officer, was famous for his service in the
Pacific during World War II (1939-1945).
9564 Kinkajou is a member of the raccoon family that can hang from tree branches by its long tail.
9565
Kinnock, Neil Gordon (1942-...), a British politician, was leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992.
9566
Kino, Eusebio Francisco (1645-1711), was an Italian-born Roman Catholic priest and explorer who
founded at least 24 missions in what is now southern Arizona, in the United States, and northern Mexico.
9567 Kinsella, Thomas (1928-...), is a leading Irish poet and literary scholar.
9568 Kinsey, Alfred Charles (1894-1956), an American biologist, was one of the first scientists to study human
sexual behaviour.
9569 Kinshasa (pop. 2,222,981), is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of Congo, also
known as Congo (Kinshasa).
9570 Kipling, Rudyard (1865-1936), was a leading British novelist, poet, and short-story writer.
9571 Kirchhoff, Gustav (1824-1887), a German physicist, made important discoveries about elements,
electricity, and radiation.
9572 Kiribati is a small country made up of 33 islands in the central Pacific Ocean.
9573
Kirilenko, Andrei Pavlovich (1906-1990), was an official of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
9574 Kiritimati Atoll, also called Christmas Island, is one of the largest islands formed by coral in the Pacific
Ocean.
9575 Kirk is the word for church in Scots and in some dialects of northern England.
9576 Kirk, Norman Eric (1923-1974), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1972 until his death.
9577 Kirkcaldy (pop. 144,574), is a local government district in Fife Region, Scotland.
9578 Kirkland, Lane (1922-...), served as president of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of
Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) from 1979 to 1995.
9579 Kirklees (pop. 367,600), is a local government metropolitan area in the county of West Yorkshire,
England.
9580 Kirlian photography is the process of creating an image of an object by exposing the object to an
electromagnetic field.
9581 Kirstenbosch is the site of South Africa's National Botanic Gardens.
9582 Kissinger, Henry Alfred (1923-...), a distinguished American statesman, served as U.S. secretary of state
from 1973 to 1977.
9583 Kit-Cat Club was a political and literary club in London in the early 1700's.
9584 Kitaj, R. B. (1932-...), is an American painter.
9585 Kitasato, Shibasaburo (1852-1931), was a Japanese bacteriologist famous for his experiments with
diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins.
9586 Kitchen midden is a mound of shellfish and other rubbish left behind by early inhabitants of an
archaeological site.
9587 Kitchener, Horatio Herbert (1850-1916), was a distinguished British soldier.
9588 Kite is a type of bird that preys on carrion (dead animals) and on small animals.
9589 Kite is an object that is flown in the air at the end of a line.
9590 Kittiwake is a gull that gets its name from its mournful cry.
9591 Kittredge, George Lyman (1860-1941), was an American academic and an authority on Shakespeare
and early English literature.
9592 Kiwanis International is an international organization of local clubs of men and women who are
interested in community service.
9593 Kiwi is the name of four species of New Zealand birds that cannot fly.
9594 Kiwi fruit is a berry with a brown, fuzzy skin and is similar in size and shape to an egg.
9595 Klaipeda (pop. 191,000), is the third largest city in Lithuania.
9596 Klammer, Franz (1953-...), an Austrian skier, was probably the greatest downhill skier in the history of
the sport.
9597 Klee, Paul (1879-1940), ranks among the greatest and most original masters of modern painting.
9598 Kleist, Heinrich von (1777-1811), was a German writer.
9599 Klemperer, Otto (1885-1973), was a famous conductor of opera and of symphony orchestras.
9600 Kleptomania is a recurrent failure to resist the impulse to steal things.
9601 Klimt, Gustav (1862-1918), was an Austrian artist.
9602 Kline, Franz (1910-1962), was an American abstract expressionist artist noted for his large, starkly
simple, black-and-white paintings.
9603 Klondike is a region in the Yukon Territory of northwestern Canada, where one of the world's greatest
gold rushes took place.
9604 Knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
9605 Kneller, Sir Godfrey (1646-1723), was a German-born painter famed for his portraits of the monarchs of
Europe and of the important people of his time.
9606 Knickerbocker, Diedrich was the pen name that Washington Irving used to sign his Knickerbocker's
History of New York.
9607 Knife is a cutting instrument used as an eating utensil, a tool, or a weapon.
9608 Knight, Eric (1897-1943), was a British author.
9609 Knight, Frank Hyneman (1885-1972), an American economist, wrote Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit
(1921).
9610 Knight, Dame Laura (1877-1970), was a British artist noted for her paintings of the ballet, the circus, and
gypsy life.
9611
Knighthood, Orders of. Knights of the Middle Ages banded themselves together in groups called orders.
9612 Knights and knighthood. The word knight comes from the Old English word cnight, which means a
household retainer.
9613 Knights of Saint John, also called the Knights Hospitallers and the Knights of Malta, is a religious order
of the Roman Catholic Church.
9614 Knights Templars were members of a religious military order of Christian knighthood.
9615 Knitting is a method of making fabric by looping yarns around each other using one or more knitting
needles.
9616 Knitting machine is a device that manufactures knitted fabrics.
9617 Knopf, Alfred A. (1892-1984), was a leading American book publisher.
9618 Knopwood, Robert (1761-1838), was the first chaplain of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).
9619 Knossos, also spelled Cnossus, was the chief centre of the Minoan civilization, which flourished on Crete
and some Aegean Sea islands from about 3000 to 1100 B.C. The culture was named after the legendary
King Minos of Crete.
9620 Knot is the name of two species of wading birds of the Northern Hemisphere.
9621 Knot is a unit of speed used for ships and aircraft.
9622 Knots, hitches, and splices are methods used to tie ropes or to fasten them together.
9623 Knowland, William Fife (1908-1974), was a United States senator from California for 14 years, and the
Republican party's Senate leader from 1953 to 1958.
9624 Knowsley (pop. 149,100), is a local government metropolitan area on Merseyside in northwestern
England.
9625 Knox, John (1515?-1572), led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland.
9626 Knox, Philander Chase, (1853-1921), served as American secretary of state from 1909 to 1913 under
the Republican President William Howard Taft.
9627
Knox, Ronald (1888-1957), a British Roman Catholic priest, scholar, and author, translated the official
Roman Catholic Bible, the Vulgate, from Latin into modern English (see BIBLE [The first translations]).
9628 Knoxville (pop. 165,121; met. area pop. 604,816), is the third largest city in the state of Tennessee,
U.S.A. Only Memphis and Nashville have more people.
9629 Knudsen, William S. (1879-1948), an American industrialist, directed American war production during
World War II (1939-1945).
9630 Koala is the name of one of the best-loved Australian animals.
9631 Kobe (pop. 1,410,843), is one of the most important seaports of Japan.
9632 Koblenz (pop. 110,843), also spelled Coblenz, is an administrative, trade, and tourist centre on the
Rhine River in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
9633 Koch, Christopher (1932-...), an Australian writer, won the Miles Franklin Award in 1986 for The
Doubleman (see FRANKLIN, MILES).
9634 Koch, Robert (1843-1910), a German doctor, established bacteriology as a separate speciality within
medicine.
9635 Kocher, Emil Theodor (1841-1917), a Swiss surgeon, is best remembered for his pioneering work on the
thyroid gland.
9636 Kodaly, Zoltan (1882-1967), was a Hungarian composer, music historian, and educator.
9637 Koestler, Arthur (1905-1983), was a Hungarian-born British novelist and essayist.
9638
Koffka, Kurt (1886-1941), was an early exponent of Gestalt psychology (see GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY).
9639 Koki is an important local market in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
9640 Kohl, Helmut (1930-...), is chancellor of Germany.
9641
Kohler, Wolfgang (1887-1967), a psychologist, contributed to the development of Gestalt psychology.
9642 Kohlrabi is a garden vegetable that is grown for its large, edible stem.
9643 Kokoda Trail is a foot track across the Owen Stanley Ranges in Papua New Guinea.
9644
Kokoschka, Oskar (1886-1980), was an Austrian painter associated with the expressionist movement.
9645 Kola nut, also spelled cola, is the seed of several types of evergreen trees native to West Africa.
9646 Kollwitz, Kathe (1867-1945), was a German printmaker and sculptor whose work became known for its
social protest themes.
9647 Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard.
9648 Komondor is a shepherd dog of Hungary.
9649 Kongo was an African kingdom that lasted from the 1400's to the early 1700's.
9650
Konev, Ivan Stepanovich (1897-1973), rose to fame as a Soviet marshal in World War II (1939-1945).
9651 Konoye, Prince (1891-1945), Fumimaro Konoye, was a prominent Japanese statesman in the years
immediately before World War II (1939-1945).
9652 Konrads is the family name of two Australian swimming champions, brother and sister.
9653 Kookaburra is a large woodland kingfisher that lives in Australia and New Guinea.
9654 Koolyanobbing is the site of large deposits of iron haematite on the northern shore of Lake Seabrook,
about 402 kilometres northeast of Perth, in Western Australia.
9655 Kopeck is a Russian coin of brass.
9656 Korda, Sir Alexander (1893-1956), was a Hungarian-born film producer and director who introduced
Hollywood methods into British film studios.
9657 Korea is a land in eastern Asia that consists of two states.
9658 Korean War (1950-1953) was the first war in which the United Nations (UN) played a military role.
9659 Kornberg, Arthur (1918-...), an American biochemist, shared the 1959 Nobel Prize in physiology or
medicine.
9660 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus (1746-1817), was a Polish patriot who fought for the independence of the United
States and Poland.
9661 Kosher, also spelled kasher, is a Hebrew word that means fit or proper.
9662 Kosice (pop. 218,238), is the chief industrial centre of Slovakia.
9663 Kossuth, Lajos (1802-1894), a Hungarian national hero, led the unsuccessful Hungarian rebellion of
1848-1849.
9664
Kosygin, Aleksei Nikolaevich (1904-1980), served as premier of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1980.
9665 Kota Kinabalu (pop. 56,000), is a town on the island of Borneo.
9666 Kouprey is a type of wild cattle that lives in Cambodia.
9667 Kouros, Yiannis (1956-...), a Greek athlete, won fame as a runner in the ultramarathon, a race longer
than the marathon distance of 26 miles 385 yards (42.2 kilometres).
9668 Kowhai is the name of two types of flowering shrubs that are native to New Zealand.
9669
Kowloon (pop. 799,123), also called Jiulong or Chiu-lung, and New Kowloon (pop. 1,651,064), make up
part of a large urban area of Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China.
9670 Krait was an Australian ship used in World War II (1939-1945).
9671 Krakatau is a volcano that lies in the Sunda Strait of Indonesia, between the islands of Sumatra and
Java.
9672 Krakow (pop. 751,300), is a city that lies on the Vistula River in south-central Poland.
9673 Kravchuk, Leonid Makarovich (1934-...), served as president of Ukraine from 1991 to 1994.
9674 Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf (1900-1981), a German biochemist working in England, shared the 1953 Nobel
Prize for physiology or medicine.
9675
Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in all cells that require oxygen to live.
9676 Kreisler, Fritz (1875-1962), one of the best-loved violinists of all time, was also a composer.
9677 Kremlin is a fortified enclosure within a Russian city.
9678 Kress, Samuel Henry (1863-1955), was an American businessman and art collector.
9679 Krill are small, shrimplike animals that live in oceans across the world.
9680 Krishna Deva Raya (?-1529), was an Indian king who reigned from 1509 to 1529.
9681 Krishna Menon, V. K. (1896-1974), was a prominent figure in India's independence movement.
9682 Krona is a standard coin of Iceland and Sweden.
9683 Krone is a standard coin of Denmark and Norway.
9684 Krol, John Joseph Cardinal (1910-1996), was an American religious leader.
9685
Kropotkin, Peter (1842-1921), was a Russian geographer and political writer associated with anarchism.
9686 Kruger, Paulus (1825-1904), was a South African statesman.
9687 Kruger National Park in South Africa is the largest national park in the world.
9688
Krupa, Gene (1909-1973), was the first jazz musician to popularize the drum set as a solo instrument.
9689 Krupp is the name of a leading German industrial family.
9690 Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna (1869-1939), was a Russian revolutionary leader and the wife of
V. I. Lenin.
9691 Krutch, Joseph Wood (1893-1970), was an American drama critic, teacher, and writer.
9692 Krypton is a chemical element that makes up only about one-millionth of the earth's atmosphere.
9693 Ku Klux Klan is a group of white secret societies who oppose the advancement of blacks, Jews, and
other minority groups.
9694 Kuala Lumpur is a federal territory of Malaysia.
9695 Kuala Lumpur (pop. 919,610), is the largest city and capital of Malaysia.
9696 Kubelik, Rafael (1914-...), is a Czech-born conductor.
9697 Kublai Khan (1216-1294), the grandson of Genghis Khan, founded the Mongol, or Yuan, dynasty that
ruled China from 1279 to 1368.
9698 Kubrick, Stanley (1928-...), is an American film director.
9699 Kuching (pop. 72,555), is the capital and largest town of Sarawak, one of the states of Malaysia.
9700 Kuchma, Leonid Danylovich (1938-...), was elected president of Ukraine in 1994.
9701 Kudarat, Sultan (1600?-1671), a Filipino Muslim leader, fought against Spanish rule in the southern
island of Mindanao.
9702 Kudu is a large antelope.
9703 Kudzu is a fast-growing climbing vine native to China and Japan.
9704 Kuhn, Richard (1900-1967), a German chemist, won the 1938 Nobel Prize for chemistry.
9705 Kuiper, Gerard Peter (1905-1973), was an American astronomer who made important studies of the
planets.
9706
Kukui, also known as the candle nut oil tree, has long spreading branches with light green leaves.
9707 Kukukukus are people who live in a rugged mountain area of New Guinea between the Huon Gulf and
the Gulf of Papua.
9708 Kula is a system of gift exchange, accompanied by elaborate ritual ceremonies, found among the
peoples of the islands southeast of Papua New Guinea.
9709 Kumiss is a fermented beverage made from mare's or camel's milk.
9710 Kumquat is the name of a few species of citrus fruit related to the mandarin.
9711 Kunlun Mountains extend about 3,700 kilometres from the Pamir Highland in central Asia to central
China.
9712 Kurds are a people of a mountainous region of southwest Asia.
9713 Kuril Islands is a chain of islands that stretches 1,247 kilometres from the Kamchatka Peninsula of
Russia to Hokkaido Island of Japan.
9714 Kurnell, a suburb of Sydney, Australia, is noted as the first landing place of Captain James Cook when
he charted the east coast of the Australian continent.
9715 Kurosawa, Akira (1910-...), became the first Japanese film director to gain worldwide fame.
9716 Kuroshio is a warm, dark-coloured current in the Pacific Ocean.
9717 Kush, also spelled Cush, was a kingdom along the Nile River in what is now northeastern Sudan.
9718 Kushan Empire flourished in what is now Pakistan, Afghanistan, and northwestern India from about A.D.
50 to the mid-200's.
9719 Kuvasz is a large, powerful dog.
9720 Kuwait is a small Arab country in southwestern Asia, at the north end of the Persian Gulf.
9721 Kuwait (pop. 44,335), is the capital and chief port of the country of Kuwait.
9722 Kwajalein (pop. 6,624), is one of the world's largest atolls (rings of coral islands).
9723 Kwanzaa is an Afro-American holiday based on the traditional African festival of the harvest of the first
crops.
9724
Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by malnutrition, in particular by a severe lack of complete protein.
9725 KwaZulu-Natal is one of South Africa's nine provinces.
9726 Kwinana (pop. 17,280), is a city located on Cockburn Sound about 20 kilometres south of Perth,
Western Australia.
9727
Kyanite is a pale-blue mineral commonly found in metamorphic rocks (see METAMORPHIC ROCK).
9728 Kyd, Thomas (1558-1594), was an English playwright who greatly influenced the development of
Elizabethan drama.
9729 Kymograph is a recording instrument.
9730 Kyle and Carrick (pop. 113,572) was a local government district in the southwestern part of Strathclyde
Region, Scotland.
9731 Kyoto (pop. 1,461,103), is one of the largest cities in Japan .
9732 Kyrgyzstan, formerly known as Kirghiz, is a mountainous country in central Asia.
9733 Kyzyl Kum is a desert that lies in southern Kazakstan and northern Uzbekistan in central Asia.
9734 L is the 12th letter of the English alphabet.
9735 Laboratory is a place equipped with apparatus for conducting scientific experiments, investigations, and
tests.
9736 Labour Day is a holiday in Australia and New Zealand.
9737 Labour force is the part of a nation's population that works for pay or is actively seeking work.
9738 Labour Party is a political party that was first established in Britain to promote socialist policies.
9739 Labrador is a large peninsula in northeastern Canada.
9740 Labrador Current is a cold ocean current that rises in the Arctic Ocean.
9741 Labrador retriever originally came from Newfoundland in Canada, not Labrador.
9742 Labrador tea is the name of six species of small evergreen plants of the heather family.
9743 La Brea pits are one of the world's richest known sources of Ice Age fossils.
9744 La Bruyere, Jean de (1645-1696), was a French satirist.
9745 Labuan is an island in Brunei Bay off the coast of Sabah.
9746 Laburnum is a small tree with bright yellow blossoms.
9747 Labyrinth was a place with many confusing paths and passageways.
9748 Lac is a sticky substance given off by a kind of scale insect.
9749 Laccadive Islands are a group of tiny coral islands off the southwestern coast of India.
9750 Lace is a decorative fabric that consists of an open, netlike pattern of threads.
9751
La Ceiba (pop. 61,900), a chief Caribbean port of Honduras, lies 185 kilometres north of Tegucigalpa.
9752 Lacewing is an insect with thin and delicate wings.
9753 Lachlan is a river in New South Wales, Australia.
9754 Lacquer is a shiny, protective film used on metals, woods, and porcelain.
9755 Lacquerware is a decorative object made by coating an article, such as a box, dish, tray, or vase, with
many layers of varnish.
9756 Lacrosse is a fast game adopted from the North American Indians.
9757 Lactation is the giving of milk by mammals.
9758 Lactic acid is the common organic acid found in milk and other dairy foods that have turned "sour." It
also occurs in sauerkraut, pickles, and beer.
9759 Lady in the United Kingdom is a member of the nobility or the wife of a nobleman.
9760 Lady Day is the traditional name of the Christian feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin.
9761 Ladybird is a small beetle with a round body shaped like half a pea.
9762 Lady's-slipper is any one of several showy wild flowers of the orchid family.
9763 Lae (pop. 61,617) is the administrative centre of Morobe district of Papua New Guinea.
9764 Laennec, Rene Theophile Hyacinthe (1781-1826), a French doctor and surgeon, invented the
stethoscope in 1816.
9765 Laetrile is a controversial drug used to treat cancer.
9766 La Farge, John (1835-1910), was an American painter.
9767 La Farge, Oliver (1901-1963), was an American author and anthropologist.
9768 La Fayette, Madame de (1634-1693), was a French novelist.
9769 Lafayette, Marquis de (1757-1834), was a French soldier and statesman.
9770 Laffite, Jean (1780?-1826?), also spelled Lafitte, was an American smuggler, pirate, and patriot based
around New Orleans.
9771 La Fontaine, Jean de (1621-1695), a French poet, is famous for his Fables (1668-1694).
9772 Lag ba'omer is a minor Jewish festival that falls on the 18th day of the Hebrew month of Iyar
(approximately May).
9773 Lagan is a river in Northern Ireland.
9774 Lagerkvist, Par Fabian (1891-1974), a Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet, won the Nobel Prize for
literature in 1951.
9775 Lagerlof, Selma (1858-1940), a Swedish writer, won the 1909 Nobel Prize for literature.
9776 Lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from the open sea.
9777 Lagos (pop. 1,149,200) is the largest city of Nigeria.
9778 Lagrange, Joseph Louis (1736-1813), was a French mathematician.
9779 La Guardia, Fiorello Henry (1882-1947), gained national fame as the mayor of New York City from 1934
to 1945.
9780 Lahey, Vida (1882-1968), was an Australian painter and teacher.
9781 Lahore (pop. 2,952,689) is the second largest city in Pakistan.
9782 Laird is the Scottish equivalent of the English word lord.
9783 Laissez faire is a theory of economic policy which states that government generally should not interfere
with decisions made in an open, competitive market.
9784 Lakatoi was a large sailing vessel used by the Motu people of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, for the
annual trading trip.
9785 Lake is a colouring substance that will not wash out.
9786 Lake is a body of water surrounded by land.
9787 Lake Agassiz was the largest glacial lake which once existed in North America.
9788 Lake Albano lies in the crater of an extinct volcano in west-central Italy.
9789 Lake Albert, also called Albert Nyanza, one of the sources of the Nile River, lies between Uganda and
Congo (Kinshasa).
9790 Lake Amadeus is a large lake in the Northern Territory of Australia.
9791 Lake Baikal, also spelled Lake Baykal, is the deepest lake in the world.
9792 Lake Bala is the largest lake in North Wales.
9793 Lake Balkhash is a large lake in the southeastern part of Kazakstan.
9794 Lake Bangweulu is a shallow depression about 80 kilometres long and 48 kilometres wide in northern
Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia).
9795 Lake Burley Griffin is an artificial lake in Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory.
9796 Lake Cargelligo, in Australia, lies 568 kilometres west of Sydney in a wheat-growing district of the central
area of New South Wales.
9797 Lake Chad is a large lake in north-central Africa.
9798 Lake Coleridge lies in the central part of the South Island of New Zealand, in the foothills of the Southern
Alps.
9799 Lake Como is a famous beauty spot of northern Italy.
9800 Lake Constance, called Bodensee in German, lies at the eastern end of the Swiss Plateau, at the border
of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.
9801 Lake District is a beautiful region of lakes and mountains in the county of Cumbria, in northwestern
England.
9802 Lake dwelling. Early peoples in Europe sometimes built dwelling places in lakes or at the edges of lakes
or creeks.
9803 Lake Eacham and Lake Barrine are two crater lakes that lie west of Cairns in northern Queensland,
Australia.
9804 Lake Edward is one of the sources of the Nile River.
9805 Lake Erie, lying on the international border between the United States and Canada, is the farthest south
of the five Great Lakes of North America (see GREAT LAKES).
9806 Lake Eucumbene is an artificial reservoir located in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales,
Australia.
9807 Lake Eyre is the largest lake in Australia.
9808 Lake Frome is one of a chain of salt lakes in the northeastern corner of South Australia.
9809 Lake Garda is the largest lake in Italy.
9810 Lake Geneva is one of the largest lakes in central Europe.
9811 Lake George lies in New South Wales, Australia, 32 kilometres northeast of Canberra.
9812 Lake Hindmarsh is the largest freshwater lake in Victoria, Australia.
9813 Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America.
9814 Lake Illawarra is a coastal lagoon in New South Wales, Australia, located about 10 kilometres south of
the city of Wollongong, between Port Kembla and Shellharbour (see LAGOON).
9815 Lake Ilmen is a freshwater lake in the northwestern part of Russia, just south of Novgorod.
9816 Lake Ladoga, in northwestern Russia, is the largest lake located entirely in Europe.
9817 Lake Lugano lies at the southern foot of the Alps between Lakes Maggiore and Como.
9818 Lake Macquarie is a large coastal lagoon in New South Wales, Australia.
9819 Lake Maggiore is one of the best-known lakes in Italy.
9820 Lake Manapouri is one of the most beautiful lakes in the South Island of New Zealand.
9821 Lake Maracaibo is the trade waterway of the farming and rich petroleum region of northwestern
Venezuela.
9822 Lake Michigan is the largest body of fresh water in the United States.
9823
Lake Nasser was formed when waters of the Nile River were blocked by the Aswan High Dam in Egypt.
9824 Lake Nemi lies about 24 kilometres southeast of Rome, Italy.
9825 Lake Nicaragua lies in western Nicaragua, about 19 kilometres east of the Pacific Ocean and 113
kilometres west of the Caribbean Sea.
9826 Lake Nyasa is the southernmost of a chain of large fresh-water lakes in the Great Rift Valley of eastern
Africa.
9827 Lake of Lucerne is the scene of some of the adventures of the legendary Swiss patriot, William Tell (see
TELL, WILLIAM).
9828 Lake of Thun lies 558 metres above sea level in the Bernese Alps, a popular tourist region in westcentral
Switzerland.
9829 Lake Onega is one of the largest lakes in Europe.
9830 Lake Ontario is the smallest and most eastern of the five Great Lakes of North America.
9831 Lake Pedder is in the South-West National Park of Tasmania, an island state of Australia.
9832 Lake Peipus is a body of water on the border between Estonia and Russia.
9833
Lake Poets were the British poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.
9834 Lake Rotoiti lies in the North Island of New Zealand.
9835 Lake Saint Clair lies at the southern end of the Cradle Mountain-Lake St. Clair National Park on the
central plateau of Tasmania, an island state of Australia.
9836 Lake Superior, one of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the largest body of fresh water in the
world.
9837 Lake Tana, also called Tsana, lies in northwestern Ethiopia.
9838
Lake Tanganyika, in east-central Africa, is the world's longest fresh-water lake and the second deepest.
9839 Lake Taupo, situated almost in the centre of the North Island, is New Zealand's largest lake.
9840 Lake Te Anau is the largest lake in the South Island of New Zealand.
9841 Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world.
9842 Lake Torrens is a shallow body of salt water in South Australia.
9843 Lake Turkana is a long, narrow lake in east-central Africa.
9844 Lake Tyrrell is a salt lake in northwestern Victoria, Australia.
9845 Lake Victoria, or, in Bantu, Victoria Nyanza, is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest
freshwater lake in the world.
9846 Lake Volta, in central Ghana, is one of the world's largest man-made lakes.
9847 Lake Waikaremoana lies in the Urewera National Park on North Island, New Zealand.
9848 Lake Xochimilco, a swamplike lake in Mexico City, Mexico, is noted for its so-called "floating gardens."
By the time the Spaniards conquered the region in 1521, the Indians had created five shallow lakes out
of a larger one by building dikes.
9849
Lakeland terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the 1800's in the Lake District of northern England.
9850 Laker, Sir Freddie (1922-...), is a British businessman who pioneered cheap transatlantic air passenger
travel.
9851
Lakes of Killarney are three famous lakes of great beauty in County Kerry, in southwestern Ireland.
9852 Lakshadweep (pop. 51,681) is the smallest Union Territory of India.
9853 La Leche League International is an organization of women who offer information and encouragement to
mothers who want to breast-feed their babies.
9854 Lalo, Edouard (1823-1892), was a French composer.
9855 Lalor, Peter (1827-1889), was the leader of the gold miners in Victoria, Australia, during the troubles at
the Eureka Stockade in the mid 1800's.
9856 Lama is a priest of the Buddhist religion in Tibet or Mongolia.
9857 Lamaism is a form of Buddhism practised in Tibet and Mongolia.
9858 Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte (1798-1859), was an American politician.
9859 Lamarck, Chevalier de (1744-1829), was a French biologist and botanist.
9860 Lamartine, Alphonse de (1790-1869), was a French writer and statesman.
9861 Lamb is meat obtained from sheep that are less than 1 year old.
9862 Lamb, Charles (1775-1834), was an English author.
9863 Lambay Island is a small island in the Irish Sea, off the coast of the county of Dublin, Ireland.
9864 Lambert, Constant (1905-1951), was an English composer, conductor, and author.
9865
Lambert, George Washington (1873-1930), an Australian artist, painted Across the Black Soil Plains.
9866 Lambeth (pop. 220,100) is an English borough within the Greater London area.
9867 Lambeth Palace is the official residence of the archbishop of Canterbury, the spiritual leader of the state
church of England.
9868 Lamb's-quarters is a tall weed related to beet and spinach.
9869 Lamentations is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, that mourns the destruction of Jerusalem
and the Temple in 587 or 586 B.C. According to tradition, Jeremiah, the prophet of the destruction, wrote
this book.
9870 Laminating is a process of permanently bonding together two or more pieces of wood or other materials
with glues, pressure, and sometimes heat.
9871 Lammergeier is one of the largest vultures of the mountain regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe.
9872 Lamming, George (Eric) (1927-...), is a leading Barbadian novelist.
9873 L'Amour, Louis (1908-1988), was a popular American author known for his exciting novels about
Western frontier life in America.
9874 Lamp is a device made to produce light.
9875 Lampedusa, Giuseppe Tomasi di (1896-1957), was an Italian prince and author.
9876 Lampman, Archibald (1861-1899), was one of the leading Canadian poets of the late 1800's.
9877 Lamprey is a fish with a long eellike body.
9878 Lancashire is a county on the northwestern coast of England.
9879 Lancaster was the name of the branch of the Plantagenet royal family that ruled England from 1399 to
1461.
9880 Lancaster (pop. 125,600) is a city and local government district in north Lancashire, England.
9881 Lancaster, Duchy of, is a group of estates belonging to the reigning British monarch, who personally
receives its revenues.
9882 Lancaster, Joseph (1778-1838), developed the monitorial system of teaching advocated by Andrew Bell,
superintendent of an orphanage in Madras (now Chennai), India, in the 1790's.
9883 Lancaster, Sir Osbert (1908-1986), an artist and author, won fame with his humorous cartoons for the
British newspaper the Daily Express.
9884 Lancelot, Sir, was one of the knights in medieval legends of King Arthur's Round Table.
9885 Lancewood is a tough wood used for archery bows, fishing rods, tool handles, and objects made on a
lathe.
9886 Land, Edwin Herbert (1909-1991), an American inventor, scientist, and business executive, invented the
Polaroid Land camera, the first instant camera.
9887 Landau, Lev Davidovich (1908-1968), was a Russian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in
1962.
9888 Landor, Walter Savage (1775-1864), an English poet, essayist, and novelist, was noted for his graceful
but forceful style.
9889 Landowska, Wanda (1879-1959), was a Polish pianist, composer, and harpsichordist.
9890 Land's End, a cape in the English county of Cornwall, is the most westerly point of the mainland of
England.
9891 Landsborough, William (1825-1886), an Australian explorer, was appointed head of one of the
expeditions organized in 1861 to look for the lost and ill-fated Burke and Wills exploration party.
9892 Landscape architecture is a profession that involves the design and development of land for human use
and enjoyment.
9893 Landseer, Sir Edwin (1802-1873), was a British artist who specialized in painting animals.
9894 Landslide, in geology, is a mass of earth or rocks that slides down a slope.
9895 Landsteiner, Karl (1868-1943), won the 1930 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for his discovery of
the main types of human blood--A, B, AB, and O. This discovery made safe blood transfusions possible
for the first time.
9896 Landy, John (1930-...), an Australian runner, was the second man in the world to run a mile in less than
4 minutes.
9897 Lane, Sir Allen (1902-1970), was a publisher and a leader in the paperback revolution in British book
publishing.
9898 Lane, Sir Hugh (1875-1915), was an Irish art collector and art patron.
9899 Lane, William (1861-1917), an Australian socialist, was one of the leaders of the trade union movement
in Australia.
9900 Lanfranc (1005?-1089) was an important medieval teacher and scholar.
9901 Lang, Andrew (1844-1912), was a Scottish scholar and author.
9902 Lang, Cosmo Gordon (1864-1945), was England's archbishop of Canterbury from 1928 to 1942.
9903 Lang, Fritz (1890?-1976), was a film director who made classic horror and suspense films in both
Germany and the United States.
9904 Lang, John Dunmore (1799-1878), the founder of the Presbyterian Church in Australia, also played an
active part in that country's political life.
9905 Lang, John Thomas (1876-1975), was premier of New South Wales, Australia, from 1925 to 1927 and
from 1930 to 1932.
9906 Langbaurgh-on-Tees (pop. 141,700), renamed Redcar and Cleveland in 1996, is a unitary authority with
all the local government powers within its boundaries in the northeast of England.
9907 Lange, David Russell (1942-...), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1984 until 1989, when he
resigned from office.
9908 Lange, Dorothea (1895-1965), was an American photographer known for her pictures of migratory farm
workers of the 1930's.
9909 Langenhoven, Cornelis Jacob (1873-1932), was a South African lawyer, author, and poet.
9910
Langland, William (1330?-1400?), wrote Piers Plowman, a great English poem of the Middle Ages.
9911 Langley, Samuel Pierpont (1834-1906), was an American astronomer, physicist, and pioneer in
aeronautics.
9912 Langmuir, Irving (1881-1957), an American chemist, won the 1932 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work
in surface chemistry and in the electron theory of matter.
9913 Langton, Stephen Cardinal (1165?-1228), one of England's greatest archbishops of Canterbury, was a
famous theologian, Biblical scholar, and statesman.
9914 Langtry, Lillie (1853-1929), was an English actress.
9915 Language is human speech, either spoken or written.
9916
Langur is any of about 15 species of monkeys that live throughout India and most of Southeast Asia.
9917 Lanier, Sidney (1842-1881), was an American poet.
9918 Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray (1847-1929), a British zoologist, did extensive research in comparative
anatomy and embryology.
9919 Lanney, William (1835-1869), was the last male tribal Aborigine in Tasmania.
9920 Lanolin, or wool fat, is made from a greasy coating found on sheep's wool.
9921 Lansbury, George (1859-1940), was a pioneer of the British Labour movement.
9922 Lansdowne, Marquess of (1845-1927), was a British colonial administrator who served as governor
general of Canada from 1883 to 1888.
9923 Lantern is any light enclosed in a casing that protects it from wind and rain.
9924 Lanternfish is the name of a large group of small fish with organs that give off light.
9925 Lanthanum is a soft, silvery-white metallic element.
9926 Lanzhou (pop. 1,460,000), also spelled Lan-chou, is the capital of Gansu Province in north-central
China.
9927 Laocoon, a Trojan priest, warned his people against the Greeks at Troy.
9928 Laois is a landlocked rural county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
9929 Laos is a country in Southeast Asia.
9930 Laozi, according to legends, wrote the Laozi, one of the basic books of the Chinese philosophy called
Taoism, also spelled Daoism.
9931 Laparoscopy is a surgical technique used to examine organs and to detect and treat certain diseases
within the abdomen.
9932 La Paz (pop. 976,800) is the largest city and chief commercial centre of Bolivia.
9933 La Perouse, Jean Francois (1741-1788), was a French navigator who sailed into Botany Bay, Australia,
only six days after Arthur Phillip arrived in the bay with the First Fleet to establish a colony there (see
PHILLIP, ARTHUR).
9934 Lapidary is the cutting and polishing of gems.
9935 Lapis lazuli is a beautiful azure-blue stone used as an ornament.
9936 Laplace, Marquis de (1749-1827), a French astronomer and mathematician, became famous for his
theory regarding the origin of the solar system.
9937 Lapland lies in the extreme northern part of Europe, above the Arctic Circle.
9938 Laptop computer is a lightweight, portable, battery-operated computer that is usually no larger than a
hardcover book.
9939 Lapwing is a crested bird that lives in western Europe.
9940
Lara, Brian (1969-...), a West Indian cricketer, made cricket history with a record-breaking test score.
9941 Larache (pop. 63,893) is a seaport on the northern Atlantic coast of Morocco.
9942 Larch is a tree that belongs to the pine family.
9943 Lard is a solid or semisolid fat obtained by melting the fatty tissues of pigs.
9944 Lardner, Ring (1885-1933), was an American journalist who achieved fame as the author of satirical
short stories.
9945 Lares and penates were patron spirits of the home in the religion of ancient Rome.
9946 Lark is a type of small songbird found mainly in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
9947 Larkin, James (1876-1947), was an Irish trade union leader and political leader who helped to organize a
general strike in Dublin in 1913.
9948 Larkin, Philip (1922-1985), became a leading figure in the anti-romantic movement that dominated
English poetry in the mid-1900's.
9949 Larkspur is the common name for a group of flowering plants that belong to the buttercup family.
9950 Larne (pop. 29,280), a local government district in Northern Ireland, is centred on the port and industrial
town of Larne.
9951 La Rochefoucauld, Duc de (1613-1680), was a French writer famous for his Maxims (1665).
9952 La Rochelle (pop. 75,840), is a city on the west coast of France that is famous for its historical religious
importance.
9953 Larreinaga, Miguel (1771-1847), was a Nicaraguan jurist, and a leader of the Central American
independence movement.
9954 Larva is an active, immature stage of an animal.
9955
Larwood, Harold (1904-1995), was an English cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire and England.
9956 Laryngitis is an inflammation of the tissues of the larynx, or voice box.
9957 Larynx is a section of the air passage in the throat.
9958 La Salle, Sieur de (1643-1687), was a French explorer.
9959 Lascelles, Edward (1847-1917), was a prominent Australian pastoralist (landowner).
9960 Lasdun, Sir Denys (1914-...), a British architect, achieved prominence for a wide range of buildings,
including housing schemes, blocks of flats, shops, and university buildings.
9961 Laser is a device that produces a very narrow, powerful beam of light.
9962 Laser printer is a computer-driven printer that uses lasers to produce output on paper.
9963 Lashley, Karl Spencer (1890-1958), was an American psychologist known for his research on the
function of the brain in relation to behaviour.
9964 Laski, Harold Joseph (1893-1950), was a British political scientist, educator, and leading member of the
Labour Party.
9965 Lasseter, Lewis Harold Bell ( ? -1931), was an Australian prospector (person searching for gold).
9966 Lasso, Orlando di (1532-1594), was a Flemish composer during the Renaissance.
9967 Las Vegas (pop. 258,295; met. area pop. 741,459), the largest city in Nevada, United States, is famous
for its gambling casinos and nightclubs.
9968 Lat (1951-...) is the pen name of Mohamed Nor Khalid, a Malaysian cartoonist.
9969 Latakia (pop. 234,000) is Syria's main seaport.
9970 Lateran is the common name for the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome.
9971 Latex is a milky substance that serves as the source of natural rubber.
9972 Latham, Jean Lee (1902-...), an American writer for young people, received the Newbery Medal in 1956
for her book Carry On, Mr. Bowditch (1955).
9973 Latham, Sir John (1877-1964), was deputy prime minister of Australia from 1931 to 1934 and chief
justice from 1935 to 1952.
9974 Lathrop, Dorothy P. (1891-1980), an American artist and writer for children, won the first Caldecott
Medal for Animals of the Bible in 1938.
9975 Lathrop, Rose Hawthorne (1851-1926), an American, was the main founder of the Servants of Relief for
Incurable Cancer, a Roman Catholic nursing order of nuns.
9976 Latimer, Hugh (1485?-1555), was a martyr of the Protestant Reformation in England.
9977 Latin America is a large region that covers all the territory in the Western Hemisphere south of the
United States.
9978 Latin-American literature consists of the literature of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Western
Hemisphere, of Puerto Rico, and of Portuguese-speaking Brazil.
9979 Latin language was the principal language of western Europe for hundreds of years.
9980
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings of the ancient Romans.
9981 Latitude describes the position of a point on the earth's surface in relation to the equator.
9982 Latium was an area in the central part of ancient Italy.
9983 Latrobe, Benjamin Henry (1764-1820), was the first important professionally trained architect to practise
in the United States.
9984 La Trobe, Charles Joseph (1801-1875), became superintendent of the Port Phillip district in Australia in
1839.
9985 La Trobe Valley, in Victoria, is one of Australia's most productive river valleys.
9986 Latter Day Saints, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of, is a Christian denomination that originated in
the United States in the early 1800's.
9987 Latvia is a European nation that regained its independence in 1991, after more than 50 years of forced
annexation to the Soviet Union.
9988 Laubach, Frank Charles (1884-1970), an American missionary, preacher, and educator, won fame for
teaching illiterate people to read.
9989 Lauder, Sir Harry (1870-1950), was one of the United Kingdom's best-loved entertainers.
9990 Laue, Max Theodor Felix von (1879-1960), a German physicist, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in
physics for his research in X-ray diffraction.
9991 Laughton, Charles (1899-1962), was an English-born actor.
9992 Launceston (pop. 66,286) is the second largest city in the Australian island state of Tasmania.
9993 Launfal, Sir, was a knight of King Arthur's Round Table in medieval British legend.
9994 Laura Ingalls Wilder Award is an American literary award.
9995 Laurel is the name of several types of trees and shrubs with spear-shaped evergreen leaves.
9996 Laurel, Jose Paciano (1891-1959), a lawyer and politician, served as president of the Philippines in the
government set up by the Japanese in 1943.
9997 Laurel and Hardy were the most popular comedy team in American cinema history.
9998 Laurence, Margaret (1926-1987), was a Canadian novelist, short-story writer, and essayist.
9999 Laurencin, Marie (1885-1956), was a French painter and designer.
10000 Lausanne (pop. 125,004; met. area pop. 258,071) is a city in western Switzerland, on the north shore of
Lake Geneva.
10001 Lava is molten rock that pours out of volcanoes or from cracks in the earth.
10002 Laval, Pierre (1883-1945), was a French politician who collaborated with the Germans during World War
II (1939-1945).
10003 Lavender is the name of about 20 species of small bushes that bear fragrant flowers and leaves.
10004 Laver, Rod (1938-...), is one of the leading tennis players of all time.
10005 Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse (1845-1922), a French Army surgeon, discovered the parasite that
causes malaria.
10006 La Verendrye, Sieur de (1685-1749), Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, was a French-Canadian fur trader
and explorer.
10007 Lavery, Sir John (1856-1941), an Irish painter, became well known for his portraits of women.
10008 Lavin, Mary (1912-1996), was an American-born writer of novels and short stories set in an Irish
background.
10009 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (1743-1794), a French chemist, was the founder of modern chemistry.
10010 Law is the set of enforced rules under which a society is governed.
10011 Law, Andrew Bonar (1858-1923), a British statesman, served as prime minister of the United Kingdom
from 1922 to 1923.
10012 Law, John (1671-1729), a Scottish financier and gambler, tried to revive the French economy by opening
a bank in 1716 to issue paper money.
10013 Law, Phillip Garth (1912-...), an Australian explorer and scientist, was director of the Antarctic Division of
the Australian Department of External Affairs from 1949 to 1966.
10014 Law enforcement is the means by which a country or community maintains order.
10015 Law of the Sea Convention is an international agreement that establishes nations' rights and obligations
regarding the ocean.
10016 Lawler, Ray (1922-...), an Australian dramatist, wrote the highly successful play Summer of the
Seventeenth Doll.
10017 Lawless, Theodore Kenneth (1892-1971), a black American doctor, became known for his work in the
field of dermatology (the study of skin diseases).
10018 Lawn is an area or plot of ground that has a thick covering of closely cut grass.
10019 Lawrence, D. H. (1885-1930), was an English writer known chiefly for his novels.
10020 Lawrence, Ernest Orlando (1901-1958), an American physicist, helped develop the cyclotron, a machine
for accelerating atomic particles.
10021 Lawrence, Gertrude (1901-1952), an English actress, achieved stardom in both England and the United
States.
10022 Lawrence, Marjorie (1907-1979), an Australian soprano, overcame an attack of poliomyelitis to sing at
the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
10023
Lawrence, T. E. (1888-1935), a British soldier and writer, became world famous as Lawrence of Arabia.
10024 Lawrence, Sir Thomas (1769-1830), was one of the most successful portrait painters of his time.
10025 Lawrencium is an artificially created radioactive element.
10026 Lawry, William (1937-...), an Australian cricketer, captained Australia in 26 test matches and played a
total of 69 test matches between 1961 and 1971.
10027 Lawson, Ernest (1873-1939), was an American painter.
10028
Lawson, Henry (1867-1922), a short-story writer and poet, is Australia's most famous and popular writer.
10029 Lawson, Nigel (1932-...), a Conservative politician, was Britain's chancellor of the exchequer from 1983
to 1989.
10030 Lawson, Victor Fremont (1850-1925), was an American newspaper publisher and editor.
10031 Lawson, Will (1876-1957), a popular balladist, wrote verse in both Australia and New Zealand during the
early 1900's.
10032 Lawson, William (1774-1850), an Australian explorer, crossed the Blue Mountains in May 1813, with
Gregory Blaxland and William Charles Wentworth.
10033 Lawyer is a person who is allowed to represent members of the public in a court of law or to advise them
on matters of law.
10034 Laxative is a medicine that speeds the emptying of the bowels (intestines).
10035 Laxness, Halldor Kiljan (1902-1998), an Icelandic novelist, won the 1955 Nobel prize for literature.
10036 Lazarus, in the account of John 11 in the Bible, was the brother of Mary and Martha of Bethany.
10037 Lazear, Jesse William (1866-1900), an American doctor, became known for his work in controlling
yellow fever.
10038 Leach, Bernard (1887-1979), was a leading British artist potter.
10039 Leacock, Stephen Butler (1869-1944), ranks as the most popular humorist in Canadian literature.
10040 Lead, a heavy, bluish-grey chemical element, is one of the world's oldest known metals.
10041 Lead poisoning is an illness caused by excess lead in the body.
10042 Leadenhall market, in London, is a centre for selling meat, game, and poultry.
10043 Leaf is the main food-making part of almost all plants.
10044 Leaf, Munro (1905-1976), was an American author and illustrator of children's books.
10045 Leaf insect is an insect that looks much like a green leaf or a twig.
10046 Leaf miner is a tiny beetle, moth, fly, or wasp which, in the larval stage, tunnels between the upper and
lower surfaces of leaves.
10047 Leafhopper is one of a large group of small, slender insects that feed on plants.
10048 League is a measure of length.
10049 League of Nations was an international association of countries created to maintain peace among the
nations of the world.
10050 Leahy, Michael James (1901-1979), a farmer in Papua New Guinea, explored the Central Highlands of
New Guinea during the 1930's.
10051 Leahy, William Daniel (1875-1959), was an American naval commander who served as chief of staff to
President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II (1939-1945).
10052 Leakey family includes three noted anthropologists--a husband and wife and their son--who made
important discoveries in eastern Africa concerning the origins of human beings.
10053 Lean, Sir David (1908-1991), was a highly acclaimed English film director.
10054 Leaning Tower of Pisa is a bell tower at Pisa, Italy.
10055 Leap year has 366 days, or one more day than an ordinary year.
10056 Lear, Edward (1812-1888), an English writer and artist, became famous for his humorous poems for
children.
10057 Learning is an important field of study in psychology.
10058 Learning disabilities are disorders that can interfere with the development of basic skills and so damage
a child's ability to learn.
10059 Lease is a contract between a person with a legal interest in land or other property and a person who
rents it from that person.
10060 Leather is a tough, flexible material made from the skin of animals.
10061 Leathercraft is the art of making useful and decorative objects out of leather.
10062 Leaven is a substance that causes fermentation of dough in breadmaking.
10063 Leaving Certificate examination is taken by pupils in the Republic of Ireland at the end of their secondary
education courses.
10064 Leavis, F. R. (1895-1978), was one of the most important English literary critics of the 1900's.
10065 Leavitt, Henrietta Swan (1868-1921), was an American astronomer.
10066 Le Bel, Joseph Achille (1847-1930), was a French industrial chemist who discovered that molecules are
three-dimensional.
10067
Lebanon is a small country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and the western end of Asia.
10068 Leblanc, Nicolas (1742-1806), was a French doctor, surgeon, and industrial chemist.
10069 Lebowa was one of ten homelands (nation states) set up by the South African government under the
former policy of apartheid (enforced racial separation).
10070 Le Carre, John (1931-...), is the pen name of David John Moore Cornwell, an English novelist.
10071 Lechenaultias, also spelled Leschenaultias, are a group of about 20 kinds of plants that grow in Western
Australia.
10072 Lecky, William Edward Hartpole (1838-1903), an Irish historian and philosopher, was one of the greatest
historians of his day.
10073 Le Corbusier (1887-1965) was the professional name of Charles Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, often
considered the most important architect of the 1900's.
10074 Lederberg, Joshua (1925-...), an American geneticist, shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine.
10075 Lee is a river in the southern part of the Republic of Ireland.
10076 Lee, Harper (1926-...), is an American author who became famous with her only novel, To Kill a
Mockingbird (1960).
10077 Lee, Henry (1756-1818), was a noted American cavalry leader during the American Revolution (1775-
1783).
10078 Lee, John A. (1891-1982), was a socialist politician in New Zealand.
10079 Lee, Laurie (1914-...), a British poet and author, won wide acclaim with his book Cider with Rosie (1959),
a sensitive, enthralling account of his childhood in Gloucestershire.
10080 Lee, Robert Edward (1807-1870), was a great general who commanded the Confederate Army in the
American Civil War.
10081 Lee, Sir Sidney (1859-1926), was an English author and editor.
10082 Lee, Tsung Dao (1926-...), shared the 1957 Nobel Prize for physics with Chen Ning Yang.
10083 Lee Hsien Loong (1952-...), became deputy prime minister of Singapore in 1990.
10084 Lee-Johnson, Eric (1908-...), a New Zealand painter, became well known for his paintings and drawings
of northern New Zealand.
10085 Lee Kuan Yew (1923-...) was prime minister of Singapore from 1959 until 1990.
10086 Lee Teng-hui (1923-...) became president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and chairman of the
country's Nationalist Party in 1988.
10087 Leech is a worm that has a disclike sucker at each end.
10088 Leech, Margaret (1893-1974), was an American author who specialized in United States history.
10089 Leeds (pop. 674,400) is a city in West Yorkshire,England.
10090 Leek is a vegetable related to the onion.
10091 Leeuwenhoek, Anton van (1632-1723), a Dutch amateur scientist, was one of the first people to record
observations of microscopic life.
10092 Leeward Islands lie in the West Indies.
10093 Le Fanu, Sheridan (1814-1873), was an Irish writer of short stories, novels, and poetry.
10094 Left wing is a term which means a radical party or branch of a political group.
10095 Leg is the limb that supports the body of a human being or animal.
10096 Legacy is a disposition of personal property made by the terms of a will.
10097 Legal aid is a scheme under which people may, in certain circumstances, claim money from the
government in order to pay for a lawyer to represent them in court.
10098 Le Gallienne, Dorian (1915-1963), is regarded by many critics as the most distinguished composer
Australia has ever produced.
10099 Legation is a diplomatic mission from one nation to another that is headed by a minister.
10100 Legazpi, Miguel Lopez de (1510?-1572), a Spanish explorer, claimed the islands of the Philippines for
Spain in 1566.
10101 Legend is a popular type of folk story.
10102 Legendre, Adrien Marie (1752-1833), a French mathematician, wrote Elements of Geometry (1794),
which influenced the teaching of geometry in schools.
10103 Leger, Fernand (1881-1955), was a French artist who developed a distinctive style that reflects modern
life in an industrialized society.
10104 Leger, Jules (1913-1980), was governor general of Canada from 1974 to 1979.
10105 Leger, Paul-Emile Cardinal (1904-1991), became archbishop of Montreal, Canada, in 1950.
10106 Leghorn (pop. 175,371) is a major Italian seaport.
10107 Legion was a division of the Roman army.
10108 Legionnaires' disease is an infection that most commonly occurs as pneumonia, with symptoms of fever,
cough, chest pain, and difficult breathing.
10109 Legislature is the lawmaking branch of a government.
10110 Le Guin, Ursula (1929-...), is an American author of science fiction for adults and children.
10111 Legume is any of the plants that belong to the pea family.
10112 Lehar, Franz (1870-1948), was the most important composer of operettas of the 1900's.
10113 Le Havre (pop. 197,219; met. area pop. 253,627) is the second busiest seaport city in France--after
Marseille--and a major industrial centre.
10114 Lehmann, Lilli, (1848-1929), was a German soprano.
10115 Lehmann, Lotte (1888-1976), a German soprano, won fame as a concert and opera singer.
10116 Lehmbruck, Wilhelm (1881-1919), was a German sculptor.
10117 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716), was a German philosopher, mathematician, and scholar.
10118 Leicester (pop. 270,600) is a city in the East Midlands, at the geographical centre of England.
10119 Leicester, Earl of (1532?-1588), an English nobleman, led a life of intrigue at the court of Queen
Elizabeth I. He was the fifth son of the Duke of Northumberland.
10120 Leicestershire is a county in the East Midlands of England.
10121 Leichhardt, Ludwig (1813-1848), was a German-born explorer.
10122 Leiden, also spelled Leyden (pop. 103,819; met. area pop. 174,501), lies 35 kilometres southwest of
Amsterdam on the Rhine River.
10123 Leigh Creek (pop. 1,967) is the site of the only operating coal mine in South Australia.
10124 Leigh-Mallory, Sir Trafford (1892-1944), was one of the leaders of the Royal Air Force Fighter Command
during the Battle of Britain, in 1940 (see BATTLE OF BRITAIN).
10125 Leighton, Lord (1830-1896), Frederic Leighton, was an English painter and sculptor in the classical style
that was inspired by the art of ancient Greece.
10126 Leinster is one of the four provinces of Ireland.
10127 Leipoldt, Christian (1880-1947), a South African doctor, journalist, and playwright, became one of the
most celebrated poets and authors in Afrikaans literature.
10128 Leipzig (pop. 554,595), a city in Germany, is a trade, industrial, and cultural centre.
10129
Leisler, Jacob (1640-1691), served as governor of the English colony of New York from 1689 to 1691.
10130 Leitrim is one of the five counties that make up the province of Connacht in the northwest of the Republic
of Ireland.
10131 Lely, Sir Peter (1618-1680), was a Dutch-born painter known for his portraits of English royalty and
famous naval personalities.
10132 Le Mans (pop. 147,697; met. area pop. 200,000) is a city in western France.
10133 Lemass, Sean (1899-1971), became Prime Minister of the Republic of Ireland and leader of the Fianna
Fail Party in 1959.
10134 LeMay, Curtis Emerson (1906-1990), commanded the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air
Force from 1948 to 1957.
10135 Lemming is a plump little animal related to the mouse.
10136 Lemon is a small, oval citrus fruit.
10137 Lemon balm is a perennial plant of the mint family.
10138 Le Moyne, Charles (1626-1685), a Canadian colonist, founded the city of Longueuil.
10139 Lemur is a long-tailed mammal with fluffy fur.
10140 Lena River is the chief waterway of a large district of eastern Siberia.
10141
LeNain, Louis (1597?-1648), was a French artist noted for his paintings of peasant life in the 1600's.
10142 Lend-Lease was a plan developed by the United States early in World War II (1939-1945) to aid the
countries which were then fighting the Axis powers.
10143 Lendl, Ivan (1960-...), is one of the world's top tennis players.
10144 L'Enfant, Pierre Charles (1754-1825), a French engineer and architect, became the first modern city
planner in the United States.
10145 L'Engle, Madeleine (1918-...), is an American author best known for her children's books.
10146 Lenihan, Brian (1930-1995), an Irish lawyer and politician, was tanaiste (deputy prime minister) and
minister of foreign affairs of the Republic of Ireland from 1987 to 1989.
10147 Lenin, V. I. (1870-1924), founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist
Party dictatorship.
10148 Lennard-Jones, Sir John Edward (1894-1954), was an English physical chemist.
10149 Lennon, John (1940-1980), was a founding member of the Beatles, the most popular group in the history
of rock music.
10150 Leno, Dan (1860-1904), was a popular English music-hall comedian.
10151 Lenoir, Jean Joseph Etienne (1822-1900), a Belgian-born French inventor, built the first practical internal
combustion engine in 1860.
10152 Le Notre, Andre (1630-1700), a French landscape designer, created most of the famous gardens of his
day.
10153 Lens is a piece of transparent material that has at least one curved surface.
10154 Lenswood Valley extends northeast and southwest about 20 kilometres east of Adelaide, South
Australia.
10155 Lent is a religious season observed in the spring by Christian churches.
10156 Lenticel is a round or long swelling on the bark of woody stems and roots that functions as a breathing
pore.
10157 Lentil is an ancient food plant.
10158 Lenz's law is a principle of physics important in the design of electric generators.
10159 Leo I, Saint (400?-461), was elected pope in 440.
10160 Leo III, Saint (?-816), was elected pope in 795.
10161 Leo IX, Saint (1002-1054), was elected pope in 1049.
10162 Leo X (1475-1521) was pope during the climax of the Renaissance in Rome, but he also faced the
beginnings of the Protestant Reformation.
10163 Leo XIII (1810-1903) was elected pope in 1878.
10164 Leo, the Lion, is the fifth constellation of the zodiac.
10165
Leominster (pop. 39,000) is a local government area in the county of Hereford and Worcester, England.
10166 Leonard, Sugar Ray (1956-...), an American boxer, won world professional boxing titles in five weight
classes.
10167
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was one of the greatest painters and most versatile geniuses in history.
10168 Leoncavallo, Ruggiero (1858-1919), was an Italian opera composer.
10169 Leonidas I (?-480 B.C.) was a king of ancient Sparta.
10170 Leonids are meteors that seem to come from the constellation Leo.
10171 Leontief, Wassily (1906-...), an American economist, won the 1973 Nobel Prize in economics for the
development of input-output analysis.
10172 Leopard is a large member of the cat family.
10173 Leopardi, Giacomo (1798-1837), was an Italian lyric poet.
10174 Leopold was the name of three kings of Belgium.
10175 Leopold, Aldo (1886-1948), an American naturalist, won international fame as an authority on wildlife
conservation.
10176 Leprosy, also called Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease.
10177 Lepton is one of the three major families of elementary particles.
10178 Lerner, Alan Jay (1918-1986), was one of the greatest lyricists of the American musical theatre.
10179 Lesage, Alain Rene (1668-1747), was a French novelist and dramatist.
10180 Lesbos, also spelled Lesvos, is a mountainous Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
10181 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare hereditary disease that can cause mental retardation.
10182 Leslie is the name of the first family to establish properties on the Darling Downs of Queensland,
Australia.
10183
Leslie, Frank (1821-1880), was a publisher of periodicals in the U.S.A. His most popular publication was
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, later Leslie's Weekly, which was issued from 1855 to 1922.
10184 Leslie, Sir Shane (1885-1971), a British author, wrote poetry, novels, biographies, and works on
historical subjects.
10185
Lesotho is a rugged, mountainous country that is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa.
10186 Lespedeza is the name of a group of herbs and shrublike plants.
10187 Lessing, Doris (1919-...), is an English writer noted mainly for her novels.
10188 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-1781), was a German playwright, critic, and philosopher.
10189 Le Sueur, Pierre (1657?-1705?), a French explorer and trader, helped open up the upper Mississippi
River Valley.
10190 Lethe was one of five rivers in the Underworld in Greek and Roman mythology.
10191 Letter of credit is issued by a bank, permitting an individual, a business firm, or a designated party to
draw up to a stated amount of money on that bank.
10192 Letter writing is a way of communicating a message in written words.
10193
Letters patent are patent (open) letters by which the government grants monopoly rights to inventors.
10194 Lettuce is a popular vegetable used chiefly in salads.
10195 Leu is a standard coin of Romania.
10196 Leucocytosis is an increase in the number of leucocytes (white blood cells).
10197
Leukaemia is a kind of cancer in which abnormal white blood cells grow in an uncontrolled manner.
10198 Leutze, Emanuel Gottlieb (1816-1868), gained fame as a painter of American historical subjects.
10199 Level is an instrument used by carpenters, plumbers, and other construction workers to determine if a
surface is perfectly horizontal.
10200 Levellers were political radicals in England during the mid-1600's who believed that all people deserved
a voice in government.
10201 Lever is one of the six simple machines for performing work.
10202 Leverhulme, Viscount (1851-1925), founded Lever Brothers Company, one of the world's largest soap
manufacturers (now a subsidiary of Unilever).
10203 Levi, Edward Hirsch (1911-...), served as attorney general of the United States from 1975 to 1977 under
President Gerald R. Ford.
10204 Levi-Strauss, Claude (1908-...), a French anthropologist, developed structuralism in the study of human
culture.
10205
Levine, Jack (1915-...), is an American artist who has won fame as a critic of life in the United States.
10206 Levine, James (1943-...), is an American conductor and pianist.
10207 Levites were a tribe of ancient Israel.
10208 Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
10209 Lewes (pop. 85,400) is a local government district in East Sussex, England.
10210 Lewis, C. S. (1898-1963), a British author, wrote more than 30 books.
10211 Lewis, D. B. Wyndham (1894-1969), was a British essayist, humorist, and biographer.
10212 Lewis, Elizabeth Foreman (1892-1958), an American-born author, is known for her realistic stories about
the young people of modern China, with its conflict of old and new ideas.
10213 Lewis, Essington (1881-1961), an Australian mining engineer, was general manager of Broken Hill
Proprietary Company Ltd. (BHP) for 30 years.
10214 Lewis, Gilbert Newton (1875-1946), an American chemist, helped develop the modern electron theory of
valence, a theory that explains the forces that hold atoms together in molecules.
10215 Lewis, Isaac Newton (1858-1931), an American inventor, developed the Lewis position-finder for
controlling artillery fire (1891), and the Lewis machine gun (1911).
10216 Lewis, John Aaron (1920-...), is an American pianist and composer.
10217 Lewis, Lennox (1965-...), is a British boxer.
10218 Lewis, Meriwether (1774-1809), was an American explorer.
10219 Lewis, Percy Wyndham (1884-1957), was a British novelist and painter.
10220 Lewis, Sinclair (1885-1951), gained international fame for his novels attacking the weaknesses he saw in
American society.
10221 Lewis and Clark expedition was the first exploration by the United States government of the country's
vast northwestern wilderness.
10222 Lewis Pass is the major highway route over the Southern Alps in northcentral South Island, New
Zealand.
10223 Lewisham (pop. 215,300) is a borough in Greater London, England.
10224 Lexcen, Ben (1936-1988), a self-taught Australian marine architect, designed the controversial and
revolutionary winged keel for Australia II. In 1983, the yacht became the first non-American entry to win
the America's Cup.
10225 Lexington, Kentucky (pop. 204,165; met. area pop. 317,629), is one of the chief trading centres for
tobacco in the United States.
10226 Leyden jar was one of the first devices used to store an electric charge.
10227 Lhasa (pop. 105,866) is the capital and holy city of Tibet.
10228 Lhasa apso is a dog that came originally from Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
10229 Li Bo (701-762) was one of China's greatest poets.
10230 Li Hung-Chang, (1823-1901), was a Chinese statesman.
10231 Li Peng (1928-...) is one of China's top leaders.
10232 Li Siguang (1889-1971) was a Chinese geologist.
10233 Li Xiannian (1909?-1992), also spelled Li Hsien-nien, was one of the longest-serving first generation
Chinese Communist Party leaders.
10234 Li Yuan (A.D. 566-635), a Chinese emperor, founded the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907).
10235 Liana is the name for various vines found chiefly in tropical rain forests.
10236
Libby, Willard Frank (1908-1980), an American chemist, won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1960.
10237
Libel is a written, printed, or other statement in a permanent form that harms a person's reputation.
10238
Liberal arts are the learned habits of thought and speech considered essential for a free human being.
10239 Liberal Democrats is the name of the third largest of the political parties of the United Kingdom.
10240 Liberal Party of Australia is a political party which supports individual initiative and enterprise, and is
conservative on social and moral questions.
10241
Liberalism is a political and economic philosophy that emphasizes freedom, equality, and opportunity.
10242 Liberia is a country on the west coast of Africa.
10243 Liberty Bell is a treasured relic of the early days of American independence.
10244 Libido is a psychoanalytic term referring mainly to the energy of natural instincts or urges that motivate
behaviour.
10245 Libra, the Scales or Balance, is the seventh constellation (star group) of the zodiac.
10246 Library. Libraries form a vital part of the world's systems of education and information storage and
retrieval.
10247 Library of Congress, in Washington D.C., is one of the largest and most valuable research libraries in the
world.
10248 Library of Congress Classification is a system for arranging materials in a library.
10249 Libreville (pop. 350,000) is the capital and largest city of the central African country of Gabon.
10250 Libya is an Arab country in northern Africa.
10251 Licad, Cecile (1961-...), a Filipino concert pianist, gained international fame in the 1980's.
10252 Lichen is an organism that consists of an alga and a fungus living together as a single unit.
10253 Lichfield (pop. 90,700) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England, centred on the historic city
of Lichfield.
10254
Lichfield, Patrick, Earl of (1939-...), is a British photographer, well known for his portraits of royalty.
10255
Lichtenstein, Roy (1923-...), an American painter, was one of the first artists in the pop art movement.
10256 Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory on top of Mount Hamilton, 80 kilometres southeast of
San Francisco in the United States.
10257 Lidgett, John Scott (1854-1953), an English Methodist minister, played a leading part in uniting the
factions of the Methodist Church (see METHODISTS).
10258 Lidice was a village in Czechoslovakia that German military forces destroyed in an act of revenge during
World War II (1939-1945).
10259 Lie, Marius Sophus (1842-1899) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in group theory
and differential geometry.
10260 Lie, Trygve (1896-1968), a Norwegian statesman, served as the first secretary general of the United
Nations.
10261 Lie detector is a device that helps determine whether a person is telling the truth.
10262 Liebig, Baron von (1803-1873), helped found organic chemistry, the study of compounds that contain
carbon.
10263 Liechtenstein is a tiny country in south-central Europe.
10264 Lieder is the German word for songs.
10265 Liege (pop. 195,389) is a city in eastern Belgium.
10266 Lien is a legal claim that one person has on the property of another as security for debt.
10267 Life. Most people have little difficulty distinguishing living things from nonliving things.
10268 Life cycle is the sequence of changes that a living thing passes through from a particular form in one
generation to the development of the same form in another generation.
10269 Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average number of years that a group of people of a
certain age may expect to live.
10270 Life jacket is a device that is worn to keep afloat in water.
10271 Lifeboat. Ships carry lifeboats on board to accommodate passengers and crew in the event of a
disaster.
10272 Liffey is the chief river in the east of the Republic of Ireland.
10273 Lift is a transportation device that carries people and freight to the floors of a building.
10274 Ligament is fibrous tissue that holds organs of the body in place and fastens bones together.
10275 Ligature is a thread used in surgery to tie a bleeding blood vessel.
10276 Light is so common that we often take it for granted.
10277 Light, Francis (1740-1794), was a pioneer English trader and adventurer who played a key role in the
British settlement of Malaya.
10278 Light, William (1786?-1839), was the founder and planner of Adelaide, Australia.
10279 Light meter is an instrument used to measure the brightness of light.
10280 Light-year is a unit used by astronomers to describe the distance to and between stars.
10281 Lighthouse is a tower with an extremely strong light that serves as a navigational aid for mariners.
10282 Lighting is a term that generally refers to artificial light--in most cases, electric light.
10283 Lightning is a giant electrical spark in the sky.
10284
Lightning conductor is a device that protects homes and other buildings from damage by lightning.
10285 Lightning Ridge is an opal-mining centre situated in central northern New South Wales, Australia, about
770 kilometres from Sydney, 75 kilometres north of Walgett, and 50 kilometres south of the Queensland
border.
10286 Lightvessel is a type of ship or buoy that acts as a lighthouse.
10287 Lignin is a complex substance formed by certain plant cells.
10288 Lignite, also called brown coal, is a coal of low quality.
10289 Lignocaine is a drug used to block pain sensation in a specific part of the body.
10290 Lignum vitae is an extremely hard wood obtained from certain Latin-American trees.
10291 Ligurian Sea is the broad portion of water between the Gulf of Genoa and the Mediterranean Sea.
10292 Lilac is a beautiful shrub that is loved throughout the world for its fragrant flowers.
10293 Liliuokalani, Lydia Kamekeha (1838-1917), reigned as queen of Hawaii from 1891 to 1893.
10294 Lille (pop. 178,301; met. area pop. 950,265) is an industrial city in northern France.
10295
Lillee, Dennis (1949-...), a West Australian cricketer, became one of the best fast bowlers in the world.
10296 Lillie, Beatrice (1894-1989), an English actress, won fame as one of the brightest and most natural
comediennes of her time.
10297 Lilongwe (pop. 186,000) is the capital of Malawi, in southeast Africa.
10298 Lily is one of the largest and most important plant families.
10299 Lily of the valley is a fragrant garden flower.
10300
Lim Bo Seng (1909-1944), a Chinese major general, became a hero during World War II (1939-1945).
10301 Lim Boon Keng (1869-1957), a Chinese doctor, promoted social and educational reforms in Singapore
and China.
10302 Lima (pop. 5,706,127; met. area pop. 6,414,500) is the capital and largest city of Peru.
10303 Lima bean is the most nutritious member of the pea family.
10304 Limavady (pop. 29,144) is a local government district in Northern Ireland.
10305 Limbo, in Roman Catholic theology, is the home of souls who belong neither in heaven nor in hell.
10306 Limbourg, Pol de (?-1416), and his brothers Herman and Jean were noted manuscript painters called
illuminators.
10307 Lime is an important industrial chemical.
10308 Lime is a rounded fruit that is pointed at both ends.
10309 Lime or linden is any of a group of graceful shade trees of the Northern Hemisphere.
10310 Limerick is a county located along the estuary of the River Shannon in the southwest of the Republic of
Ireland.
10311 Limerick is a form of humorous verse.
10312 Limerick, Treaty of, ended the war between the English kings William III and James II. The English had
deposed James, a Roman Catholic, in 1688 and made William, a Protestant, king.
10313 Limestone is a type of rock made up mostly of calcite, a mineral form of calcium carbonate.
10314 Limited company is a business organization in which each shareholder is responsible only for the shares
he or she holds.
10315 Limnology is the scientific study of lakes, streams, ponds, and other bodies of fresh water.
10316 Limonite is a yellowish or brownish mineral deposit.
10317 Limpet is a sea animal with a protective shell.
10318 Limpopo River is an important river that flows for about 1,600 kilometres in southeastern Africa.
10319 Lin Biao (1907-1971), also spelled Lin Piao, was defence minister of China from 1959 to 1971.
10320 Lin Yutang (1895-1976), was a Chinese scholar and writer.
10321 Linacre, Thomas (1460?-1524), was a physician and classical scholar.
10322 Lincoln (pop. 81,900) is a city in eastern England.
10323 Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865), was president of the United States from 1861 to 1865.
10324 Lincolnshire is a county situated midway along England's eastern seaboard.
10325
Lind, Jenny (1820-1887), a Swedish soprano, became one of the most famous singers of the 1800's.
10326 Lindbergh, Anne Morrow (1906-...), is an American poet and essayist.
10327 Lindbergh, Charles Augustus (1902-1974), an American aviator, made the first solo nonstop flight across
the Atlantic Ocean on May 20-21, 1927.
10328 Lindisfarne is a small island located about 5 kilometres off the coast of northern Northumberland,
England.
10329 Lindrum, Walter (1898-1960), was an Australian billiards player who dominated his sport for almost 20
years.
10330 Lindsay is the name of an Australian family of talented artists and writers.
10331 Lindsay, David (1856-1922) was an Australian explorer.
10332 Lindsay, Howard (1889-1968), was an American playwright best known for the several plays he wrote
with Russel Crouse.
10333 Lindsay, Vachel (1879-1931), was an American poet.
10334 Lindsay of Birker, Lord (1879-1952) was a Scottish philosopher and scholar.
10335 Lindwall, Ray (1921-...) was one of the greatest fast bowlers ever to play cricket for Australia.
10336 Line, in geometry, may be described as the track of a moving point.
10337 Line Islands, also called the Equatorial Islands, consist of 11 isolated, low coral islands in the central
Pacific Ocean.
10338 Line of Demarcation was an imaginary line drawn by Pope Alexander VI to settle land rights.
10339 Linear accelerator is a device that accelerates electrons, protons, and other electrically charged atomic
particles to high energies.
10340
Linear electric motor is a device used mainly to propel high-speed vehicles that do not run on wheels.
10341 Linen is the yarn or cloth made from fibres of the flax plant.
10342 Lingonberry is a small fruit related to the cranberry.
10343 Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
10344 Link, Edwin Albert (1904-1981), an American inventor and businessman, developed the mechanical
trainer, a machine on the ground that imitates aircraft flight.
10345 Linklater, Eric (1899-1974), a Scottish born writer, achieved wide popularity as an author of amusing
satirical novels.
10346 Linnaeus, Carolus (1707-1778), a Swedish naturalist and botanist, established the modern scientific
method of naming plants and animals.
10347 Linnet is a small bird in the finch family.
10348 Linoleum is a smooth-surfaced floor covering made from linseed oil.
10349 Linotype is the brand name of a machine used to produce metal type for printing.
10350 Linseed oil is an oil derived from the seeds of the flax plant.
10351 Linstead, Sir Reginald Patrick (1902-1966), a British chemist, made a study of organic chemicals and
synthetic dyes.
10352 Linton, Ralph (1893-1953), was an American anthropologist.
10353 Lion is a big, powerful cat.
10354 Lions Clubs, International Association of, usually called Lions Clubs International, ranks as the world's
largest service club organization.
10355 Lip reading is the technique by which one person understands the speech of another without hearing
any sound.
10356 Lipchitz, Jacques (1891-1973), was a Russian-born sculptor whose work represents many of the major
movements in modern sculpture.
10357 Lipid is one of a large group of oily or fatty substances essential for good health.
10358 Lipmann, Fritz Albert (1899-1986), an American biochemist, shared the 1953 Nobel Prize for physiology
or medicine with Hans Adolph Krebs.
10359 Lippi, Filippino (1457?-1504), was an important painter of the Italian Renaissance.
10360 Lippi, Filippo (1406?-1469), was a leading painter of the Italian Renaissance.
10361 Lippmann, Walter (1889-1974), was an American journalist who won worldwide fame as a political writer
and philosopher.
10362 Lippold, Richard (1915-...), is an American sculptor.
10363 Lipton, Sir Thomas Johnstone (1850-1931), founded a worldwide chain of grocery shops.
10364 Liquid is one of the three states in which matter exists.
10365 Liquid air is a product made by greatly reducing the temperature of air until it turns into a fluid.
10366 Liquid crystal is a substance that has the properties of both a liquid and a crystal.
10367 Liquidambar is the name of four species of deciduous trees with maplelike leaves that turn bright colours
in the autumn.
10368 Liquorice is a herb that contains both a valuable flavouring and compounds of medicinal value.
10369 Lira is a unit of money in Italy and Turkey.
10370 Lisbon (pop. 663,315) is the capital and largest city of Portugal.
10371 Lisburn (pop. 98,826), a local government area in Northern Ireland, lies to the south of Belfast.
10372 Lismore (pop. 41,389), is a city in the extreme northeast of New South Wales, Australia.
10373 Lisping is a type of speech problem.
10374 Lister, Sir Joseph (1827-1912), founded antiseptic surgery.
10375 Liszt, Franz (1811-1886), was a Hungarian pianist, composer, and teacher.
10376 Litany is a form of prayer-dialogue in which Christian worshippers take responsive parts.
10377 Litchi is the name of an evergreen tree that bears red fruit.
10378 Literacy is the ability to read and write.
10379 Literature in its broadest sense is anything constructed from a meaningful arrangement of words.
10380 Literature for children is of two kinds: literature that has been written especially for young readers--from
preschool to teenage--and literature that young readers have adopted for themselves.
10381 Litharge, also called (chemical formula, PbO), is a poisonous yellow or reddish-yellow solid, a compound
of lead and oxygen.
10382 Lithgow (pop. 12,369) is an industrial city in New South Wales, Australia.
10383 Lithium is a chemical element with symbol Li.
10384
Lithography is a printing process that has an important part in the fine arts and in commercial printing.
10385 Lithuania is a European nation that regained its independence in 1991, after more than 50 years of
forced annexation to the Soviet Union.
10386 Litmus is a substance that is commonly used in chemistry to indicate whether a solution is an acid or a
base.
10387 Litre is a commonly used measure of capacity and volume in the metric system.
10388 Little Barrier Island is a wooded island northeast of Auckland, in New Zealand.
10389 Little Sisters of the Poor is a religious congregation of women in the Roman Catholic Church.
10390 Littlewood, Joan (1915-...), is a British theatre director and the founder of Theatre Workshop.
10391 Littoral zone rock platform is a platform of rock along the seashore.
10392
Liturgy is a term that refers to acts of worship that are performed by the members of a religious group.
10393 Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich (1876-1951), a Soviet diplomat, joined the Russian foreign service in 1918
and became commissar for foreign affairs in 1930.
10394
Liu Bang (248?-195 B.C.), also spelled Liu Pang, was a Chinese emperor who founded the Han dynasty.
10395 Liu Shaoqi (1900?-1969?), also spelled Liu Shao-ch'i, succeeded Mao Zedong as chairman of the
People's Republic of China in 1959.
10396
Live oak is a beautiful evergreen oak that grows along the southeastern coast of the United States.
10397 Liver is the largest gland in the human body and one of the most complex of all human organs.
10398 Liverpool (pop. 448,300) is a port city in northwestern England.
10399 Liverpool, Earl of (1770-1828), was Prime Minister of Britain from 1812 to 1827.
10400 Liverwort is a type of small plant.
10401
Livery companies are institutions in the City of London that have evolved from medieval craft guilds.
10402 Livestock are domestic animals that are used to produce food and many other valuable products.
10403 Living will is a document that states the kind of medical care an individual would prefer if, due to injury or
disease, the person could not communicate his or her wishes.
10404 Livings, Henry (1929-...), an English playwright, developed as his central theme the conflict between
people in authority, and people who are rebels by nature.
10405 Livy (59 B.C.-A.D. 17) was one of the greatest Roman historians.
10406 Lizard is a reptile closely related to snakes.
10407 Ljubljana (pop. 276,133) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia.
10408 Llama is the largest South American member of the camel family.
10409 Llandudno (pop. 14,576) is a town and seaside resort in north Wales.
10410 Llanelli (pop. 44,953) is a town in south Wales.
10411 Llanfairpwllgwyngyll is a village on the island of Anglesey, in northwestern Wales.
10412 Llanos, meaning level lands, is most often used to mean a great savanna (grassland with scattered
trees) region in Venezuela and Colombia.
10413 Llewellyn, Sir Harry (1911-...) was for many years a leading British show-jumper.
10414 Lliw Valley (pop. 61,700) is a local government area in West Glamorgan, Wales.
10415 Lloyd, Clive (1944-...), captained the West Indies cricket team 74 times, achieving 36 victories.
10416 Lloyd, Harold Clayton (1894-1971), was an American comedian who won fame in silent films.
10417 Lloyd, Marie (1870-1922), was a popular music-hall performer in London in the early 1900's.
10418 Lloyd George, David (1863-1945), a British Liberal Party leader, was prime minister during the last half
of World War I (1914-1918).
10419
Lloyd, Selwyn (1904-1978), was secretary of state for foreign affairs for the United Kingdom from 1955
to 1960, chancellor of the exchequer from 1960 to 1962, and lord privy seal in 1963 and 1964.
10420 Lloyd Webber, Andrew (1948-...), a British composer, won fame for his rock musical Jesus Christ,
Superstar! (1970), written to words by Tim Rice (see RICE, TIM).
10421 Lloyd's is an insurance association in England popularly known as Lloyd's of London.
10422 Loach is any of approximately 175 species of small, slender, freshwater fish.
10423 Loam is a soil that is between sandy soil and clay soil in texture.
10424 Lobbying is an attempt to influence the decisions of government officials.
10425 Lobelia, native to South Africa, is a low-growing perennial plant usually grown as an annual.
10426 Lobster is a hard-shelled animal that lives on the bottom of the ocean near the shore.
10427 Local government generally refers to the government of an area smaller than a country, state, or
province.
10428 Locarno Conference resulted in the Rhineland Security Pact and six other treaties.
10429 Loch Lomond is the largest and one of the most famous of the Scottish lakes.
10430 Loch Ness monster is a large animal that some people believe lives in Loch Ness, a lake in northern
Scotland.
10431 Lochaber (pop. 20,803), a local government area in Highland Region, Scotland, takes in the areas of
Fort William, Ballachulish, Kinlochleven, and Ardnamurchan.
10432 Lochner, Stephen (1390?-1451), was one of the most important German painters of the 1400's.
10433 Lock is a water-filled chamber in a canal that allows a boat to move up or downhill.
10434 Lock is a device that prevents a door or other object from being opened, moved, or operated.
10435 Locke, Alain Leroy (1886-1954), was an American educator and a writer on black culture.
10436 Locke, John (1632-1704), was an English philosopher.
10437 Lockout occurs when an employer closes a factory in order to keep employees from working.
10438 Lockspeiser, Sir Ben (1891-1990), was a British scientist and science administrator.
10439 Lockwood, Charles Andrews (1890-1967), was a vice-admiral in the United States Navy.
10440 Lockwood, Douglas (1918-1980), an Australian author, wrote I, the Aboriginal (1963).
10441 Lockyer, Edmund (1784-1860), a British soldier, discovered coal while exploring the Brisbane River in
Australia in 1825.
10442 Lockyer, Joseph Norman (1836-1920), a British astronomer, discovered the element helium on the sun
about 30 years before helium was found on earth.
10443 Locomotive is a machine that moves trains on railway tracks.
10444 Locoweed is any one of several kinds of perennial herbs that grow in western North America.
10445 Locust is a name that can refer to any short-horned grasshopper--that is, a grasshopper with short
antennae (feelers).
10446 Locust, or false acacia, is any of about 20 plants native to North America.
10447 Lodestone is a hard black rock that exhibits magnetic properties.
10448 Lodge, Henry Cabot (1850-1924), led Republican members of the Senate in a successful fight to prevent
the United States from joining the League of Nations after World War I (1914-1918).
10449 Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. (1902-1985), served as a diplomat under four United States presidents.
10450 Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph (1851-1940), an English physicist, investigated the nature of oscillations and
electric waves in wires and in wireless telegraphy.
10451 Lodz (pop. 847,900) is the second largest city in Poland.
10452 Loess is a kind of silt that forms a fertile topsoil in some parts of the world.
10453 Loesser, Frank (1910-1969), an American composer, wrote the music and lyrics for many musical
comedies and films.
10454 Loewy, Raymond Fernand (1893-1987), was a French industrial designer.
10455 Loffler, Friedrich (1852-1915), a German bacteriologist, discovered the diphtheria bacillus in 1884, with
the help of Edwin Klebs.
10456 Lofoten Islands include several large islands and many islets off the northwest coast of Norway.
10457
Lofting, Hugh (1886-1947), was the creator of Doctor Dolittle, a well-known character in children's fiction.
10458 Log is an instrument that measures the speed of a ship.
10459 Log cabin was one of the earliest dwellings built by European settlers in North America.
10460 Logan, Patrick (1791-1830), a British soldier, was put in charge of the Moreton Bay convict settlement in
Australia in March 1825.
10461 Logan, Sir William Edmond (1798-1875), a Canadian geologist, gained fame for his pioneer work
researching coal, glacial action, early fossil evidence of life, and ancient rocks.
10462 Loganberry is a small, reddish-purple fruit that grows on a trailing blackberry plant.
10463 Logarithms are numbers that are known in algebra as exponents.
10464 Logbook is the official or legal written record of the events that take place during a ship's voyage.
10465 Logic is a branch of philosophy that deals with the rules of correct reasoning.
10466 Logistics is the practical art of providing and maintaining soldiers, equipment, and supplies for military
operations.
10467 Logwood comes from the core of a tree belonging to the pea family.
10468 Loire River is the longest river in France.
10469 Loke Wan Tho (1915-1964) was a well-known Malaysian-born photographer, art patron, and
ornithologist (a person who studies birds).
10470 Loke Yew (1845-1917) was a Chinese-born Malayan businessman and philanthropist.
10471 Loki was a god of Norse mythology who was known as a troublemaker and trickster.
10472 Lollards were followers of the English religious reformer John Wycliffe.
10473 Lombard, Peter (1095?-1160), was a medieval theologian who wrote an important theological textbook,
The Four Books of Sentences.
10474 Lombardi, Vince (1913-1970), was one of the most successful coaches in American professional football
history.
10475 Lombards were members of a Germanic tribe that conquered much of Italy in the late A.D. 500's, and
threatened the political power of the popes.
10476 Lombardy is a region in northern Italy.
10477 Lome (pop. 366,476) is the capital and largest city of Togo.
10478 Lon Nol (1913-1985) headed the government of Cambodia from 1970 to 1975.
10479 London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
10480 London, Ontario, Canada (pop. 311,085; met. area pop. 381,522), is a distributing, financial,
manufacturing, medical, and transportation centre in the southern part of the province.
10481 London, Jack (1876-1916), was an American author, journalist, and political activist.
10482 London, Treaties of. Throughout history, many international treaties have been signed in London.
10483 London, University of, is the largest traditional university in Great Britain.
10484 London Bridge is one of 15 bridges in London that span the River Thames.
10485 London Company was an association of "noblemen, gentlemen, and merchants" during the early days of
the American colonies.
10486 London Gazette publishes routine notices from central and local government in Britain, and British legal
notices.
10487 Londonderry is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
10488 Long, Crawford Williamson (1815-1878), was an American who, in 1842, became the first doctor to use
ether as an anaesthetic for surgery.
10489 Long Beach, California, U.S.A. (pop. 429,433), is a major industrial centre, seaport, and tourist area in
the southern part of the state.
10490 Long Island (pop. 6,861,474) is an island that forms the southeastern part of New York.
10491 Long Parliament refers to a session of the English Parliament that lasted without a break from 1640 to
1653.
10492 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1807-1882), was the most widely published and most famous American
poet of the 1800's.
10493 Longford is the title name of a British family that is associated with politics and the arts.
10494 Longford is a county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
10495 Longinus is the name given to the unknown author of On the Sublime, an ancient Greek treatise (long
essay) on literary criticism.
10496 Longitude. If one person on the equator travels directly north, and another person 111 kilometres west
also travels directly north, their paths will meet at the North Pole.
10497 Longsightedness, is a visual defect in which a person can see distant objects clearly, but near vision
may be blurred.
10498 Longstreet, James (1821-1904), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War.
10499 Lonsdale, Lord (1857-1944), Hugh Cecil Lowther, a leading British sportsman of his time, founded the
Lonsdale Belts for boxing.
10500 Lonsdale, Dame Kathleen (1903-1971), an Irish-born chemist, specialized in the field of X-ray
crystallography.
10501 Lonsdale, William (1800?-1864), served the Australian city of Melbourne in many ways during its first 18
years.
10502 Loon is a type of water bird with a sleek body for swimming and diving.
10503
Loosestrife is the common name of some flowering plants in the primrose family or the loosestrife family.
10504 Lopez Portillo, Jose (1920-...), served as president of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.
10505 Loquat is an orange or yellow fruit that has the shape and size of an egg.
10506 Loran stands for long range navigation.
10507 Lord is a title added to a person's name or to his office in Great Britain.
10508 Lord, Simeon (1770-1840), was an Australian pioneer merchant who became one of the wealthiest
people in New South Wales during the early years of its settlement.
10509 Lord chamberlain is the most important officer in the British royal household.
10510 Lord chancellor is the head of the judiciary in Britain.
10511 Lord chief justice is the highest judicial officer after the lord chancellor in England, Wales, and Northern
Ireland.
10512 Lord Howe Island (pop. 320) is a volcanic island off the eastern coast of Australia, almost 650 kilometres
northeast of Sydney.
10513 Lord lieutenant is the principal officer of a county in Great Britain.
10514 Lord mayor is the honorary title given the chairman of certain borough councils in Great Britain.
10515 Lord's Prayer is the most widely said Christian prayer.
10516 Lorelei is a high cliff that towers about 130 metres above the Rhine River between Mainz and Koblenz in
Germany.
10517 Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon (1853-1928), was a Dutch physicist.
10518 Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias (1903-1989), an Austrian naturalist, was one of the founders of ethology, the
study of animal behaviour.
10519 Loris is a slow-moving animal that lives in trees.
10520 Lorne, Marquess of (1845-1914), served as governor general of Canada from 1878 to 1883.
10521 Los Alamos National Laboratory, in Los Alamos, New Mexico, is one of the world's leading research
institutions.
10522 Los Angeles is a huge city in southern California, in the United States.
10523 Lost Colony is the name given to an English settlement established in 1587 on Roanoke Island, off the
coast of what is now North Carolina U.S.A. The colony is called lost because no one knows what
happened to its people or where they went.
10524 Lot, in the Book of Genesis, was the nephew of the patriarch Abraham.
10525 Lothian Region was a region of eastern Scotland, south of the Firth of Forth.
10526 Lotschberg Tunnel is a railway tunnel that cuts through the Bernese Alps of south-central Switzerland
near the Jungfrau.
10527 Lott, Dame Felicity (1947-...), is a British opera singer.
10528 Lottery is a popular form of gambling in which drawings are held for cash prizes.
10529 Lotus is the common name for many different kinds of plants.
10530 Lotus-eaters made up a race of people who were thought to live in North Africa.
10531 Lotze, Rudolf Hermann (1817-1881), was a German philosopher.
10532 Louangphrabang (pop. 44,244) is a city in Laos.
10533 Loudon, John Claudius (1783-1843), was a British landscape gardener and horticulturist.
10534 Lough Derg is the name of two famous lakes in the Republic of Ireland.
10535 Lough Neagh, in Northern Ireland, is the largest lake in the United Kingdom.
10536 Louis is the name of many famous French kings.
10537 Louis II, the German (804?-876) is often regarded as the founder of the German kingdom.
10538 Louis, Joe (1914-1981), an American boxer, held the world heavyweight boxing championship longer
than any other man.
10539 Louis Philippe (1773-1850), was king of France from 1830 to 1848.
10540 Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1776-1810) ruled Prussia, with her husband Frederick William III, from
1797 to 1810.
10541 Louisiana is a southern state of the United States.
10542 Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, was the most important event of the American President Thomas
Jefferson's first Administration.
10543 Louisville (pop. 269,063) is the largest city in Kentucky and a major industrial centre of the Southeast
United States.
10544 Lourdes (pop. 17,425) is a town in southwestern France near the Pyrenees foothills.
10545 Louse is a small, wingless insect that lives on birds and mammals, including human beings.
10546 Louth (pop. 90,707) is the smallest county in Ireland.
10547 Louvre is one of the largest and most famous art museums in the world.
10548
Louw, Nicolaas Petrus Van Wyk (1906-1970), was an outstanding South African writer and academic.
10549 Love, Nat (1854-1921), was a black American cowboy of the Old West.
10550 Love-in-the-mist is the name for an attractive flowering plant.
10551 Lovebird is any one of several kinds of small parrots.
10552 Lovelace, Richard (1618-1657), was a member of a group of English lyric poets called the Cavalier
poets.
10553 Lovell, Sir Bernard (1913-...), an English astronomer, built the world's first completely steerable radio
telescope.
10554 Low, Archibald M. (1888-1956), was a British engineer and research physicist.
10555
Low, Sir David (1891-1963), a British cartoonist, was famous for his caricatures of British statesmen.
10556 Low Countries are coastal regions located between France and Germany.
10557 Lowchen is a breed of small dog, also known as the little lion dog.
10558
Lowe, Robert (1811-1892), a British barrister, played a prominent part in Australian politics in the 1840's.
10559
Lowe, Thaddeus Sobieski Coulincourt (1832-1913), organized and directed balloon reconnaissance and
artillery spotting for the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
10560 Lowell, Abbott Lawrence (1856-1943), was an American academic.
10561 Lowell, Amy (1874-1925), was an American poet, critic, and biographer.
10562 Lowell, Francis Cabot (1775-1817), an American textile manufacturer, founded the first mill that carried
through the entire cotton-manufacturing process from raw material to finished cloth.
10563 Lowell, James Russell (1819-1891), was an American author who played an important part in the
cultural life of the United States during the 1800's.
10564 Lowell, Robert (1917-1977), was a leading American poet.
10565 Lower Hutt (pop. 94,540), is the ninth largest city in New Zealand.
10566 Lowestoft is a fishing port and seaside resort in Suffolk, on the North Sea coast of England.
10567 Lowry, L. S. (1887-1976), a British artist, became famous for his paintings depicting industrial towns in
Greater Manchester.
10568
Lowry, Malcolm (1909-1957), was an English author best known for his novel Under the Volcano (1947).
10569 Loyola, Saint Ignatius (1491-1556), was a Roman Catholic religious leader who founded the Society of
Jesus.
10570 LSD is an extremely powerful drug that causes distortions in thinking and feeling.
10571 Lu Xun (1881-1936) was the most important Chinese author of the early 1900's.
10572 Luanda (pop. 1,200,000) is the capital and largest city of Angola, and the country's chief industrial centre
and port.
10573 Luba are an important ethnic group in the African country of Congo (Kinshasa).
10574
Lubbock is the name of a British family whose members won fame in several fields, particularly politics.
10575 Lubeck (pop. 210,318) is the most important German port serving shipping on the Baltic Sea.
10576 Lubitsch, Ernst (1892-1947), a German-born film director and producer, became famous for his
comedies and farces.
10577 Lucas, George (1944-...), is an American film producer, director, and writer.
10578
Luce, Clare Boothe (1903-1987), became famous for her activities in American politics and government.
10579 Luce, Henry Robinson (1898-1967), was a noted American publisher and editor.
10580
Lucerne (pop. 60,562; met. area pop. 158,895) is a tourist centre and historic city in central Switzerland.
10581 Lucifer is a name commonly used for the devil.
10582 Luckner, Count von (1881-1966), a German naval officer, was one of the most colourful figures of World
War I (1914-1918).
10583 Lucknow (pop. 1,669,136) is a city in north-central India, the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh.
10584 Lucretius (99?-55? B.C.) was a Roman poet and philosopher.
10585 Luddites attacked textile factories and wrecked machinery in Britain between 1811 and 1816.
10586 Ludendorff, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm (1865-1937), a German general, served as chief of staff to Paul von
Hindenburg during World War I.
10587 Ludwig, Emil (1881-1948), was a German-born biographer who won both fame and criticism for his
biographies.
10588 Luftwaffe has been the name of the German Air Force since 1935.
10589 Lugard, Lord (1858-1945), Frederick Dealtry Lugard, was one of the greatest British colonial
administrators.
10590 Luge is a winter sport in which one or two people lie on their back on a sledge and race feet first down a
steeply banked, ice-covered course.
10591 Lugworm is a small sea worm with a soft body.
10592 Luke, Saint, was an early Christian who was a friend of Saint Paul.
10593 Lukin, Dean (1960-...), an Australian weight lifter, won a gold medal for weight lifting in the super
heavyweight division at the Olympic Games in Los Angeles in 1984.
10594
Lully, Jean Baptiste (1632-1687), an Italian-born composer, wrote the first significant French operas.
10595 Lumiere brothers were two French brothers who became noted scientists.
10596 Luminescence is the giving off of light by means other than heat.
10597
Lumpfish, also called lumpsucker, is a fish that lives near the shore in the cold ocean waters of the north.
10598 Luna was the goddess of the moon in Roman mythology.
10599 Luna, Juan (1857-1899), was the most important Filipino painter of the 1800's.
10600 Lund (pop. 81,199) is a city in southern Sweden, 20 kilometres northwest of Malmo.
10601 Lunda are a people who live in Angola, Congo (Kinshasa), and Zambia.
10602
Lundy Island is an island in the Bristol Channel off the north coast of Devon in the United Kingdom.
10603 Luneburg (pop. 59,645) is a city in the German state of Lower Saxony, in northern Germany.
10604 Lung is the chief breathing organ of mammals, birds, reptiles, and most adult amphibians.
10605 Lungfish is a type of fish that can breathe out of water.
10606 Lungwort is the name of several perennial plants of the borage family.
10607 Lunn, Sir Arnold (1888-1974), was a British pioneer of the sport of skiing.
10608 Lunt, Alfred (1892-1977), was one of the outstanding American actors of his generation.
10609 Lupercalia was an important religious festival in ancient Rome.
10610 Lupin is the name of a group of plants in the pea family.
10611 Lupus is the name of any of a group of diseases that affect the skin.
10612 Lusaka (pop. 818,994) is the capital and largest city of Zambia.
10613 Lushun lies near the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in northern China.
10614 Lusitania was a British passenger ship that sank near Ireland after the German submarine U-20
torpedoed it on May 7, 1915, during World War I (1914-1918).
10615 Lute is an ancient stringed musical instrument.
10616 Lutetium (chemical symbol, Lu) is one of the rare-earth metals.
10617 Luther, Martin (1483-1546), was the leader of the Reformation, a religious movement that led to the birth
of Protestantism.
10618 Lutherans make up the largest Protestant church in the world.
10619 Luthuli, Albert John (1898-1967), won the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize for his peaceful efforts to end racial
segregation in South Africa.
10620 Lutine Bell hangs on the rostrum in the Underwriting Room at Lloyd's, in London.
10621 Luton (pop. 167,300), is a manufacturing town and a unitary authority with all the local government
powers within its boundaries in Bedfordshire, England.
10622 Luton Hoo is a mansion in Bedfordshire, England.
10623 Luttrell Psalter is a handwritten book of psalms noted for its beautiful illustrations of English country life
and customs of the Middle Ages.
10624 Lutyens, Sir Edwin Landseer (1869-1944), was one of the most important English architects of the early
1900's.
10625 Lutyens, Elisabeth (1906-1983), pioneered the introduction of Arnold Schoenberg's 12-note method of
composition in the United Kingdom.
10626 Luxembourg is one of Europe's oldest and smallest independent countries.
10627 Luxembourg (pop. 76,640) is the capital and largest city of the country of Luxembourg.
10628 Luxemburg, Rosa (1871-1919), was a German socialist writer and revolutionary.
10629 Luzon (pop. 32,160,611) is the largest and most important island of the Philippines.
10630 Lvov (pop. 728,000) is a major city of Ukraine.
10631 Lwoff, Andre, (1902-1994), a French microbiologist, shared the 1965 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine with Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod.
10632 Lyceum is an organization in the United States that sponsors lectures, concerts, and other adult
educational programmes.
10633 Lyceum was a gymnasium where boys and young men of ancient Athens received physical training and
listened to the lectures of famous teachers.
10634 Lycurgus was a Spartan legislator.
10635 Lyddite is an explosive mixture of picric acid and collodion.
10636 Lydia was an ancient country in Asia Minor.
10637 Lydiard, Arthur (1917-...), a New Zealand athletics coach, developed successful techniques for training
long-distance runners.
10638 Lyell, Sir Charles (1797-1875), a British scientist, is often called the founder of modern geology.
10639 Lyly, John (1554?-1606), was an English writer.
10640 Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted by certain ticks.
10641 Lymphatic system is a network of small vessels that resemble blood vessels.
10642 Lynch, John (1917-...), was prime minister of the Republic of Ireland from 1966 to 1973 and again from
1977 to 1979.
10643 Lynching usually means the killing, generally by hanging, of a person by a mob in defiance of law and
order.
10644 Lyndsay, Sir David (1490-1555), was a Scottish poet who wrote mainly satirical verse in the common
language of his day.
10645 Lynen, Feodor (1911-1979), a German biochemist, studied how cells produce cholesterol and other fatty
substances known as lipids.
10646 Lynn, Dame Vera (1917-...), is a singer who won fame during World War II (1939-1945) with her records
and broadcasts.
10647 Lynx is a wild animal that belongs to the cat family.
10648 Lyon (pop. 422,444; met. area pop. 1,087,367) is the third largest city in France.
10649 Lyon, Arthur Sidney (1818?-1861), was an Australian journalist who is considered to be the father of the
Queensland press.
10650 Lyons was the name of two Australian politicians, husband and wife.
10651
Lyra, also called the Harp, is a small constellation that can be seen from the Northern Hemisphere.
10652 Lyre is an ancient stringed musical instrument that resembles a small harp.
10653 Lyrebird is one of the most unusual Australian birds.
10654 Lysander (?-395 B.C.) was a statesman and general of the ancient Greek state of Sparta.
10655 Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich (1898-1976), was the most important biologist in the Soviet Union from the
mid-1930's to the late 1950's.
10656 Lysias (459?-380? B.C.) was a great orator of ancient Greece.
10657 Lysippus (380's?-306 B.C.?), was one of the greatest sculptors of ancient Greece.
10658
Lyte, Henry Francis (1793-1847), a British clergyman, is best remembered for the hymns he wrote.
10659 Lyttelton (pop. 3,200) is a town and port on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand.
10660 M is the 13th letter of the English alphabet.
10661 Ma Yuan was the most famous member of an honoured family of Chinese painters.
10662 Maazel, Lorin (1930-...), is an American conductor.
10663 Mabo, Koiki (1937-1992) was a resident of the Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia, who
campaigned for Aboriginal land rights.
10664 Mac, Mc. Biographies of people whose names begin with Mac, such as MacDonald, are listed
alphabetically under Mac.
10665 Macadamia nut is a large, round seed that grows on the macadamia tree, a tropical Australian
evergreen.
10666 Macao, also spelled Macau, is a Portuguese territory on the southeast coast of China.
10667 Macapagal, Diosdado (1910-...), served as president of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965.
10668 Macaque is the name of several species of large, powerful monkeys.
10669
MacArthur, Douglas (1880-1964), was a leading American general of World War II and the Korean War.
10670 Macarthur, John (1767-1834), laid the foundations for Australia's wool industry.
10671 Macaulay, Dame Rose (1881-1958), a British writer, won recognition in 1920 with the novel Potterism, a
satire that was partly fantasy and partly tragedy.
10672
Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800-1859), was the most widely read English historian of the 1800's.
10673 Macaw is the name of about 18 species (kinds) of large, long-tailed parrots that live in forested areas of
South America, Central America, and Mexico.
10674 Macbeth (?-1057), seized the throne of Scotland in 1040 after defeating and killing King Duncan I. He
based his claim to the crown on his wife's royal descent.
10675 MacBride, Sean (1904-1988), an Irish diplomat, became assistant secretary general of the United
Nations (UN) and the UN's commissioner for Namibia in 1973.
10676 MacCallum, Sir Mungo (1854-1942), a Scottish-born scholar, became professor of modern literature at
the University of Sydney, Australia in 1887.
10677 Macclesfield (pop. 147,000) is a local government district in eastern Cheshire, England.
10678 MacCormick, Austin H. (1893-1979), was an American expert on prison reform.
10679 MacDiarmid, Hugh (1892-1978), was the pen name of Christopher Murray Grieve, a Scottish poet and
writer.
10680 MacDonald, Flora (1722-1790), became a Scottish heroine by helping Prince Charles Edward Stuart to
escape to the island of Skye after his defeat at Culloden, Scotland, in 1746.
10681 MacDonald, James Ramsay (1866-1937), led the first Labour Party government of the United Kingdom
(UK).
10682
Macdonald, Sir John Alexander (1815-1891), was the first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada.
10683 MacDonald, John D. (1916-1986), was an American mystery writer best known for his 21 novels
featuring Travis McGee, an amateur detective.
10684 MacDonald, Malcolm (1901-1981), was British administrator and chief British representative in
Southeast Asia in the years following World War II (1939-1945).
10685
MacDonnell Ranges are a belt of rugged mountains in the southern part of Australia's Northern Territory.
10686 Macdonough, Thomas (1783-1825), an American naval officer, became a hero of the War of 1812.
10687 Mace is a liquid tear gas that can be sprayed from a pressurized container.
10688 Mace is a highly flavoured spice.
10689 Mace is a club-shaped staff used as a symbol of authority.
10690 Macedonia is a historic region on the Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe.
10691 Macedonia is a country in southeastern Europe.
10692 Mach, Ernst (1838-1916), was an Austrian physicist and psychologist.
10693 Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria (1839-1908), was a Brazilian author.
10694 Machete is a large, heavy knife with a blade shaped like a broadsword.
10695 Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469-1527), was an Italian statesman and writer whom many people consider the
father of modern political science.
10696 Machine is a device that does work.
10697
Machine gun is an automatic weapon that can fire from 400 to 1,600 rounds of ammunition each minute.
10698 Machine tool is a power-driven machine used to shape metal.
10699 Machu Picchu is an Inca archaeological site in Peru that probably served as a royal estate.
10700 Macintosh, Charles (1766-1843), a British chemist and inventor, is best known as the inventor of
waterproof fabrics.
10701 Mackay (pop. 38,603) is a city on the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia, situated about 950
kilometres north of Brisbane.
10702 Mackay, Donald (1870-1958), was an Australian explorer.
10703 Mackellar, Dorothea (1885-1968), an Australian poet and fiction writer, became noted for her descriptive
lyrics associated with the love of her native land.
10704 Mackennal, Sir Bertram (1863-1931) was an Australian sculptor who won many prestigious public
commissions.
10705 Mackenzie, Sir Alexander (1764-1820), was a Canadian trader and explorer.
10706 Mackenzie, Sir Compton (1883-1972), was a British writer who became known in 1913 with his novel
Sinister Street.
10707 Mackenzie, Stuart (1936-...), an Australian rowing champion, won the Diamond Sculls at Henley, in
England, in the six years from 1957 to 1962.
10708
MacKenzie Country is a sheep-farming area in the southern part of the South Island of New Zealand.
10709 Mackenzie River, in the Northwest Territories, is the longest river in Canada.
10710 Mackerel is the name of several species of valuable food fish related to the tuna.
10711 Mackerras, Sir Charles (1925-...), an Australian conductor, arranged music for the ballets Pineapple Poll
(1951) and Lady and the Fool (1954).
10712
Mackey, Mick (1911-1982), was an outstanding hurler for Limerick, Ireland, in the 1930's and 1940's.
10713 Mackie, Alexander (1876-1955), was principal of Sydney Teachers' College from 1906 to 1940, and
professor of education at Sydney University from 1910 to 1940.
10714 MacKillop, Mary (1842-1909), an Australian nun, was known as Mother Mary of the Cross.
10715 Mackinac Island (pop. 479) is an island in the Straits of Mackinac, north Michigan, U.S.A. (see
MICHIGAN).
10716 Mackinnon, Eleanor (1871-1936), was a founder of Junior Red Cross in Australia.
10717 Mackintosh, Charles Rennie (1868-1928), was a Scottish architect, designer, and painter.
10718 Maclean, Alistair (1922-1987), was a Scottish writer who wrote exciting stories of high adventure and
intrigue.
10719 MacLeish, Archibald (1892-1982), was an American poet, dramatist, and critic.
10720 MacLennan, Hugh (1907-1990), was a Canadian author known for his novels about historic events and
public issues in Canada.
10721 Maclennan, Robert Adam Ross (1936-...), a Scottish politician, became the last leader of the United
Kingdom's Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1987.
10722 Macleod, Iain (1913-1970), a Conservative party politician, became the United Kingdom's chancellor of
the exchequer a month before his death in 1970.
10723 Macleod, John James Rickard (1876-1935), was a Scottish physiologist.
10724 MacLiammoir, Micheal (1899-1978) was an Irish actor.
10725 MacMahon, Maurice de (1808-1893), was president of France from 1873 to 1879, and a distinguished
soldier.
10726 MacManus, Seumas (1869?-1960), was an Irish author of stories, poems, memoirs, and plays.
10727 MacMechan, Archibald McKellar (1862-1933), was a Canadian essayist and educator.
10728 MacMillan, Donald Baxter (1874-1970), an American polar explorer, added much to people's knowledge
of Greenland and the Canadian Arctic.
10729 MacMillan, Sir Ernest Campbell (1893-1973), was a Canadian conductor, composer, organist, and
educator.
10730 Macmillan, Harold (1894-1986), was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.
10731 MacMillan, Sir Kenneth (1929-1992), a Scottish choreographer, created many ballets for the Royal Ballet
at Covent Garden in London.
10732 MacNeice, Louis (1907-1963), was a British poet and literary critic.
10733
Macquarie, Elizabeth Henrietta (1788-1835), married Lachlan Macquarie in Devon, England, in 1807.
10734 Macquarie, Lachlan (1762-1824), a Scottish military officer, served as governor of New South Wales,
Australia, from 1810 to 1821.
10735
Macquarie Island lies in the southern Pacific Ocean, nearly 1,500 kilometres southeast of Tasmania.
10736 Macquarie River flows for 944 kilometres through New South Wales, Australia.
10737 Macquarie Towns is the collective name for five townships in the Hawkesbury River district of New South
Wales, Australia.
10738 Macrame is the art of creating practical and decorative articles by knotting cord, rope, or string.
10739 MacSharry, Ray (1938-...), an Irish politician, became European commissioner for agriculture and rural
development in 1989.
10740 Madagascar is an African country made up of one large island and many tiny nearby islands.
10741 Madang (pop. 21,332) is the fourth largest town in Papua New Guinea.
10742 Madder is a plant that is grown in Europe and Asia for use in making dyes.
10743 Madeira Islands are a group of islands that belong to Portugal.
10744 Madeira River is the largest branch of the Amazon River and an important trade waterway of South
America.
10745 Madero, Francisco Indalecio (1873-1913), led the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and was president of
Mexico from 1911 to 1913.
10746 Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India.
10747 Madison, Dolley Payne (1768-1849), a famous Washington hostess, was the wife of U.S. President
James Madison.
10748
Madison, James (1751-1836), was the fourth president of the United States, serving from 1809 to 1817.
10749 Madonna (1958-...), an American singer, dancer, and actress, is one of the world's best-known rock
music performers.
10750 Madonna and Child are the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus in works of art.
10751
Chennai (pop. 3,795,028; met. area pop. 5,361,468), formerly called Madras, is India's fourth largest city.
10752 Madrid (pop. 2,909,792) is the capital and largest city of Spain.
10753 Madrigal is a type of music in which two or more voices sing separate melodies to a literary text.
10754 Madrona, also called madrone, is a small tree with white, urn-shaped flowers and leathery evergreen
leaves.
10755 Maelstrom is a swift and dangerous current in the Arctic Ocean.
10756 Maeterlinck, Maurice (1862-1949), was a Belgian dramatist, poet, naturalist, and philosopher.
10757 Maeve, Queen, was the warrior queen of Connacht in Ireland.
10758 Maffei galaxies, often called Maffei 1 and Maffei 2, are two large star systems.
10759 Mafia is a secret criminal society in Sicily.
10760 Mafikeng (pop. 6,500) is a town of historic importance in North West province, South Africa.
10761 Magazine is a collection of articles or stories--or both--published at regular intervals.
10762 Magazine is a military and naval term for a protected building or storage room for ammunition.
10763 Magee, Snake was a legendary oil-well driller from West Virginia, U.S.A. Cable-tool drillers (see
PETROLEUM Methods of drilling) were called "snakes" because they drilled formations only a snake
could get through.
10764 Magellan, Ferdinand (1480?-1521), was a Portuguese sea captain who commanded the first expedition
that sailed around the world.
10765 Magellan, Strait of, is a narrow, rough waterway that separates the islands of Tierra del Fuego from the
mainland of South America.
10766
Magellanic Clouds are two galaxies visible in the Southern Hemisphere as small, hazy patches of light.
10767 Maggot is the larva, or young, of many kinds of flies.
10768 Magherafelt (pop. 35,884) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, situated to the northwest of
Lough Neagh.
10769 Magi were the hereditary members of a priestly class from Media, an ancient kingdom located in what is
now northern Iran.
10770 Magic is the supposed use of unnatural or superhuman power by a person to try to control human
actions or natural events.
10771
Magic Circle is a British club for magicians which is open to people interested in the art of conjuring.
10772 Magician is an entertainer who performs tricks that seem impossible.
10773 Maginot Line is a fortified line of defence along the eastern border of France.
10774 Magna Carta is a document that marked a decisive step forward in the development of constitutional
government in England.
10775 Magnesia, also called magnesium oxide (chemical formula, MgO), is a white, tasteless, earthy
substance.
10776 Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg.
10777 Magnetic amplifier, also called a saturable reactor, is a device used to control large amounts of electric
power.
10778 Magnetic equator is an imaginary band that circles the earth near the geographic equator.
10779 Magnetic Island lies between the Great Barrier Reef and the coast of Queensland, Australia, about 10
kilometres northeast of Townsville.
10780 Magnetic levitation train, also called maglev train, is a vehicle that uses magnetic forces to travel at high
speeds.
10781 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique used in medicine for producing images of tissues
inside the body.
10782 Magnetic storm is a strong fluctuation in the earth's magnetic field.
10783 Magnetism is the force that electric currents exert on other electric currents.
10784
Magneto is an electric generator that provides spark ignition in some internal combustion engines.
10785 Magnetohydrodynamics, often abbreviated MHD, is the study of the ways in which electric and magnetic
fields interact with fluids that conduct electricity.
10786 Magnetometer is a device that measures the strength of a magnetic field.
10787 Magnifying glass is a lens which makes nearby objects appear larger.
10788 Magnitogorsk (pop. 443,000) is the principal steel centre of Russia.
10789
Magnitude is the scale used by astronomers to measure the brightness of luminous objects in space.
10790 Magnolia is the name of a group of trees and shrubs which often have large, showy flowers.
10791 Magpie is a name given to a number of different birds of the crow family that have long tails.
10792 Magpie goose is a long-legged, long-necked black-and-white duck found in northern Australia, New
Guinea, and Tasmania.
10793 Magritte, Rene (1898-1967), was a Belgian surrealist painter.
10794 Magsaysay, Ramon (1907-1957), was the third president of the Philippines (1953-1957).
10795 Maguey is the name given to several kinds of agave plants which grow in Mexico.
10796 Magyars are a group of people who are usually called Hungarians.
10797 Mah-jongg, also spelled mah jongg or mah-jong, is a Chinese game that developed in the 1800's.
10798 Maha Bodhi Society, is a society that was formed to encourage and promote Buddhism and Buddhist
studies in India (the religion's birthplace) and other countries.
10799 Mahabharata is one of the two great epic poems of India.
10800
Mahamaya, also known as Maya, is the mother of Gautama Buddha and the wife of Raja Suddhodhana.
10801 Maharaja Lela (?-1877) was a Malay chief who organized the assassination of the first British resident
(government representative) appointed to the state of Perak in Malaya.
10802 Maharashtra is a state on the northern part of India's western coast.
10803 Mahathir bin Mohamad, Datuk Seri (1925-...), became prime minister of Malaysia in 1981.
10804 Mahavira (599?-527? B.C.) was a teacher of the religion of Jainism.
10805 Mahfouz, Naguib (1911-...), an Egyptian author, is one of the most important figures in contemporary
Arabic literature.
10806 Mahler, Gustav (1860-1911), was a Bohemian-born composer of the romantic period.
10807 Mahogany is often called the finest cabinet wood of the world, because it has most of the qualities
desired for furniture making.
10808 Mahy, Margaret (1936-...), a New Zealand-born children's author, became internationally known for her
great storytelling ability.
10809 Maidenhair fern is an attractive fern with small, delicate leaves and shiny, black or purple stalks.
10810 Maidstone (pop. 133,200) is a local government district in central Kent, England, and is one of the United
Kingdom's major hop-growing areas.
10811 Mailer, Norman (1923-...), is an American author.
10812 Maillol, Aristide (1861-1944), was a French sculptor.
10813
Maimonides, Moses (1135-1204), was the most important Jewish philosopher of the Middle Ages.
10814 Maine (pop. 1,233,223) is a state in northeastern United States.
10815 Mainframe computer is the largest type of computer.
10816
Maintenon, Marquise de (1635-1719), became the second wife of King Louis XIV of France in 1683.
10817 Mainz (pop. 188,571) is a commercial and industrial city in southwestern Germany.
10818 Maitland (pop. 43,247) is the third largest provincial city in New South Wales, Australia.
10819 Maitland, Frederic William (1850-1906), an English historian, pioneered in the study of early English
legal history.
10820 Maize, also called corn or sweet corn, is a plant whose food value and many uses make it one of the
most important crops in the world.
10821 Majapahit was an empire ruled by Hindu kings of eastern Java.
10822 Majolica is a type of pottery glazed with tin oxide to produce a soft white colour.
10823 Major, John (1943-...), was prime minister of the United Kingdom (UK) from 1990 to 1997.
10824 Majorca (pop. 534,511), also called Mallorca, is the largest island of the Balearic group in the western
Mediterranean.
10825 Majority rule is a principle of democratic government that requires a decision to be approved by a
majority of voters.
10826
Makarios III (1913-1977), a Greek Orthodox clergyman, became the first president of Cyprus in 1959.
10827 Makati (pop. 372,204) is a town on the island of Luzon in the Philippines.
10828 Makeba, Miriam (1932-...), is an internationally acclaimed South African singer.
10829 Makemie, Francis (1658?-1708), was a minister and a businessman.
10830 Malabo (pop. 15,253) is the capital of Equatorial Guinea.
10831
Malacca, Strait of, is a channel between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.
10832 Malachi, Book of, is a book in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.
10833 Malachite is a beautiful green copper ore.
10834 Malamud, Bernard (1914-1986), was an American author.
10835 Malan, Daniel Francois (1874-1959), was prime minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954.
10836
Malaprop, Mrs., is a character in the English dramatist Richard Sheridan's comedy, The Rivals (1775).
10837 Malaria is a dangerous parasitic disease common in tropical and subtropical areas.
10838 Malawi is a small scenic country in southeastern Africa.
10839 Malay Archipelago, also called the East Indian Archipelago or Malaysia, is in a part of the Pacific Ocean
that contains the largest group of islands in the world.
10840 Malay-Indonesian language is the language of the Malay Peninsula and the Malay or Indonesian
archipelago, or island group (see MALAY ARCHIPELAGO).
10841
Malay-Indonesian literature is the body of spoken and written literature composed in the language of the
Malay Peninsula and the Malay or Indonesian archipelago (island group) in Southeast Asia.
10842 Malays are a group of Southeast Asian peoples.
10843 Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia.
10844 Malaysia, Federal Territory of, is one of the 14 regions of the country of Malaysia.
10845 Malaysia, Government of. Malaysia has a democratic and federal system of government.
10846
Malaysia, History of. The most important factor in Malaysia's history has been its geographical position.
10847 Malcolm, George John (1917-...), is a British harpsichordist, conductor, composer, and pianist.
10848
Malcolm X (1925-1965) was one of the most influential black-American leaders of the 1950's and 1960's.
10849 Maldives is the smallest independent country in Asia and one of the smallest in the world.
10850 Maldon (pop. 50,800) is a local government district in eastern Essex, England.
10851 Male (pop. 46,334) is the capital and chief port of the Maldives.
10852 Malenkov, Georgi Maximilianovich (1902-1988), became premier of the Soviet Union after the death of
Joseph Stalin in March 1953.
10853 Malherbe, Francois de (1555-1628), was a French poet who became a haughty critic of French poetic
language and style.
10854 Mali is a large country in western Africa.
10855 Mali Empire was a black empire that flourished in west Africa from about 1240 to 1500.
10856 Malibran, Maria Felicita (1808-1836), was a famous Spanish opera singer.
10857 Malignancy most frequently refers to a malignant tumour, or cancer, in contrast to a benign
(noncancerous) tumour (see CANCER; TUMOUR).
10858 Malik, Adam (1917-1984), an Indonesian statesman, was president of the United Nations General
Assembly in 1971 and 1972.
10859 Malinowski, Bronislaw (1884-1942), was a British anthropologist.
10860 Mallard is one of the most common wild ducks.
10861 Mallarme, Stephane (1842-1898), was a French poet and critic born in Paris.
10862 Malleability is the ability of many metals to be pressed or hammered into thin sheets.
10863 Mallee is a district in northwestern Victoria, Australia.
10864 Mallee fowl is a heavy, fowl-like bird that lives in the semidesert areas of inland Australia where mallee
scrub grows.
10865 Mallory, George Leigh (1886-1924), was a British mountaineer who died on Mount Everest.
10866 Mallow is the popular name of a large family of plants.
10867 Malmo (pop. 229,107); met. area pop. 455,017) is the third largest city in Sweden.
10868 Malnutrition is an unhealthy condition caused by a poor or inappropriate diet or by the body's inability to
absorb or use nutrients.
10869 Malory, Sir Thomas (?-1471?), was the English author of the book Le Morte D'Arthur.
10870 Malouf, David (1934-...), is an Australian novelist and poet.
10871 Malpighi, Marcello (1628-1694), an Italian anatomist, became famous for his research on the structure of
human tissues.
10872 Malpractice suit is a lawsuit in which a professional person is accused of injuring a patient or client
through negligence or error.
10873 Malraux, Andre (1901-1976), was a French author who combined intellectual achievement with political
activity.
10874 Malt is a food product that results when barley and certain other grains are specially treated.
10875
Malta is an island country near the centre of the Mediterranean Sea, about 95 kilometres south of Sicily.
10876 Maltese was probably the world's first lap dog.
10877 Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834), was an English economist.
10878 Maltose is the chemical term for malt sugar.
10879 Malvern, Viscount (1883-1971), Godfrey Huggins, was a leading figure in Rhodesian politics.
10880 Malvern Hills (pop. 87,000) is a local government district in Hereford and Worcester, England, centred
on the upland area of the Malvern Hills.
10881 Mamba is the name of three species of deadly snakes of central and southern Africa.
10882 Mamelukes were a military group that ruled Egypt from about A.D. 1250 to 1517.
10883 Mamet, David (1947-...), is an American playwright.
10884 Mammal is a vertebrate (backboned animal) that feeds its young on the mother's milk.
10885 Mammary glands are special glands found in all mammals.
10886 Mammoth was a prehistoric animal closely related to present-day elephants.
10887 Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, U.S.A., is part of the world's longest cave system.
10888 Man, Isle of, lies in the Irish Sea, halfway between England and Ireland and about 30 kilometres south of
Scotland.
10889 Management information systems are computer systems designed to aid the executives who run
businesses, government agencies, and other organizations.
10890 Managua (pop. 677,680) is the capital, largest city, and chief commercial centre of Nicaragua.
10891 Manakin is a type of small, tropical bird.
10892 Manama (pop. 121,986) is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Bahrain, an island nation in the
Persian Gulf (see BAHRAIN).
10893 Manatee, sometimes called sea cow, is a large water mammal.
10894 Manaus (pop. 613,068) is a major inland city of Brazil, and the capital of the state of Amazonas.
10895 Manchester, a large industrial city in northwestern England, is one of the United Kingdom's (UK's) most
important economic centres.
10896 Manchester, Greater, is a geographical area covering what was formerly a metropolitan county in
northwestern England.
10897 Manchester terrier is a breed of dog that originated in Manchester, England, during the 1800's.
10898 Manchineel is a tree that grows on beaches in Florida and in many parts of tropical America and the
West Indies.
10899 Manchuria is a region in northeastern China known for its rich natural resources, especially coal and
iron.
10900 Manchus were a people who conquered China in the 1600's.
10901 Mandalay (pop. 472,512) is Burma's second largest city and chief inland river port.
10902 Mandamus is a court order that requires a person, lower court, government official, or an officer of a
corporation to do a public duty.
10903 Mandarin. English-speaking people used the name mandarin for any high military or civil official of the
Chinese Empire.
10904
Mandarin is a citrus fruit that has a sweet, juicy pulp and seeds with green cotyledons (seed leaves).
10905
Mandated territory. After World War I (1914-1918), certain colonies and territories were taken from the
defeated nations and placed under the administration of one or more of the victorious nations.
10906 Mandela, Nelson (1918-...), became president of South Africa in 1994.
10907 Mandela, Winnie (1936?-...), was deputy minister of arts, culture, science, and technology in South
Africa's transitional government from 1994 to 1995, when she resigned after publicly criticizing the
government.
10908 Mandible, or lower jawbone, is shaped like a horseshoe.
10909 Mandingo is the name of a group of west African people.
10910 Mandolin is a stringed musical instrument.
10911 Mandrake is the name of two similar plants that belong to the nightshade family.
10912 Mandrill is a large, colourful monkey that lives in the forests of Cameroon and other parts of western
Africa.
10913 Maned wolf is the name of a large, wolflike animal of South America.
10914 Manet, Edouard (1832-1883), was a French painter who helped break tradition by using his subject
matter primarily for visual effect, rather than for telling a story.
10915 Manganese is a brittle, silver-grey metallic element.
10916 Mange is a skin disease that affects dogs, horses, sheep, and cattle.
10917 Mangelwurzel is a variety of beet closely related to sugar beet and beetroot.
10918 Mango is a fruit that grows in tropical regions throughout the world.
10919 Mangosteen is a Malaysian tree with edible fruit.
10920 Mangrove is a tree that grows along tropical coasts in salty ocean water.
10921 Mangrove forest or mangrove swamp is an area with a dense growth of mangrove trees sometimes
several kilometres wide.
10922 Manhattan Island is the commercial, financial, publishing, and cultural centre of New York City.
10923 Manhattan Project was created by the United States government in 1942 to produce the first atomic
bomb.
10924 Manichaeism is a philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of a Babylonian prophet
named Mani, who lived during the A.D. 200's.
10925 Manifest destiny was a term used to describe the belief in the 1840's in the inevitable territorial
expansion of the United States.
10926 Manila is the capital and largest city of the Philippines.
10927 Manila Bay is the entrance to the city of Manila on Luzon in the Philippines.
10928 Manipur is a state in the northeast of India.
10929 Manitoba (pop. 1,091,942) is a province in central Canada.
10930 Manley, Michael Norman (1923-1997), served as prime minister of Jamaica from 1972 to 1980 and from
1989 until his resignation in 1992.
10931 Manly Cove, in Sydney Harbour, Australia, was named by Governor Arthur Phillip because he was
impressed by the "confidence and manly behaviour" of the Aborigines when he landed there in January
1788.
10932 Mann, Thomas (1875-1955), a German novelist, won the 1929 Nobel Prize for literature.
10933 Manna, in the Old Testament of the Bible, was the food given by God to the Israelites during their 40
years of wandering in the wilderness (Exod. 16 and Num.
10934 Manna gum is a eucalypt tree native to Australia.
10935 Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil von (1867-1951), a Finnish military and political leader, helped found the
Republic of Finland in 1919.
10936
Mannerism is a term that refers to a style of European art that flourished from about 1520 to 1600.
10937 Mannheim (pop. 294,984) is a city in southern Germany.
10938 Manning, Henry Edward Cardinal (1808-1892), Roman Catholic archbishop of Westminster, was a
founder of Westminster Cathedral, in London.
10939 Manning, Timothy Cardinal (1909-1989), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by
Pope Paul VI in 1973.
10940
Mannix, Daniel (1864-1963), was Roman Catholic archbishop of Melbourne from 1917 until his death.
10941 Manometer is an instrument used to measure the pressure of a gas or vapour.
10942 Manor of Northstead is one of the two nominal stewardships that United Kingdom members of
Parliament (MP's) can take in order to resign their seats.
10943
Manorialism was the economic system of Europe from the end of the Roman Empire to the 1200's.
10944 Mansa Musa (?-1337?) was the ruler of the Mali Empire in Africa from 1312 to about 1337.
10945 Mansfield (pop. 98,800) is a town and local government area at the centre of the north Nottinghamshire
coalfield in England.
10946 Mansfield, Katherine (1888-1923), a British author, wrote symbolic short stories about everyday human
experiences and inner feelings.
10947 Manship, Paul (1885-1966), was an American sculptor.
10948 Manslaughter is the legal term for the wrongful unplanned killing of another person.
10949 Manson, Sir Patrick (1844-1922), a Scottish doctor, was called the father of tropical medicine.
10950 Mantegna, Andrea (1431-1506), was a leading painter of the Italian Renaissance.
10951 Mantis is an insect that is sometimes called praying mantis because it usually holds its front legs as if it
were praying.
10952 Mantle, Mickey (1931-1995), an American baseball player, ranks among the leading home run hitters in
baseball history.
10953
Manu in Hindu mythology, was the man who systematized the religious and social laws of Hinduism.
10954
Manuel, Trevor (1956-...), became trade and industry minister in the South African government in 1994.
10955 Manufacturing is the industry that makes cars, books, clothing, furniture, paper, pencils, and thousands
of other products.
10956
Manukau (pop. 226,147) forms the southern part of the Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand.
10957 Manuka is a type of teatree.
10958 Manure is any substance produced by animals or plants that is used as fertilizer.
10959 Manus Island is the largest island in the Admiralty Group of Papua New Guinea.
10960 Manuscript is a term for any document written by hand or by a machine such as a typewriter or a
personal computer.
10961 Manzanita is a shrub of the heather family.
10962 Manzoni, Alessandro (1785-1873), ranks as one of Italy's greatest novelists because of his only novel,
The Betrothed.
10963 Mao Dun (1896-1981) was a Chinese editor and writer.
10964 Mao Zedong (1893-1976), also spelled Mao Tse-tung, led the long struggle that made China a
Communist nation in 1949.
10965 Maori are the original inhabitants of New Zealand.
10966 Maori Battalion, officially the 28th Battalion of the New Zealand Army, formed part of the Second New
Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War II (1939-1945).
10967 Map is a drawn or printed representation of the earth or any other heavenly body.
10968 Maple is the name given to a large number of attractive trees that grow in China and the north temperate
regions of the world.
10969 Maple syrup is a sweet, thick liquid obtained from the sap of certain maple trees.
10970 Maputo (pop. 1,006,765; met. area pop. 1,551,457) is the capital and largest city of Mozambique.
10971 Maquis were French patriots who formed a secret army to fight German occupation forces in France
during World War II (1939-1945).
10972 Mar del Plata (pop. 532,845) is one of the most popular resort cities in Argentina.
10973 Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese (1920-...), as leader of the dominant Alliance Party, became the first prime
minister of Fiji after the British colony became independent in 1970.
10974 Marabou is one of the largest birds in the stork family.
10975 Maracaibo (pop. 1,151,933) is Venezuela's chief coffee-exporting port and second largest city.
10976
Maradona, Diego Armando (1960-...), an Argentine association footballer, became famous in the 1980's.
10977 Marais, Eugene (1871-1936), was a South African journalist and naturalist.
10978 Marajo is a large island that belongs to Brazil.
10979 Maralinga was the site of seven British-Australian nuclear test explosions in 1956 and 1957.
10980 Maraschino cherry is a preserved cherry.
10981 Marat, Jean Paul (1743-1793), was a radical leader of the French Revolution.
10982 Marathon, a coastal plain in Greece, was the site of one of the most important battles in the history of
Western civilization.
10983 Marble is a rock widely used in buildings, monuments, and sculptures.
10984 Marble Bar (pop. 352) is a small town in the Pilbara region of northwestern Western Australia.
10985 Marbles is a children's game played with small balls, usually made of glass.
10986 Marcel, Gabriel (1889-1973), was a French philosopher.
10987 March is the third month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used almost all over
the world today.
10988
March is a highly rhythmic musical composition that is performed mainly to accompany marching.
10989 Marches were areas of land in Wales ruled by nobles in the Middle Ages.
10990 Marching girls, also called majorettes, compete in teams against one another in drill and in various
complicated manoeuvres.
10991 Marciano, Rocky (1923-1969), an American boxer, was the world heavyweight champion from 1952 to
1956.
10992 Marconi, Guglielmo (1874-1937), was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer who gained international
fame for his role in developing wireless telegraphy, or radio (see RADIO).
10993 Marcos, Ferdinand Edralin (1917-1989), served as president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.
10994 Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 121-180) was a Roman emperor and philosopher.
10995 Mardi Gras is a lively, colourful celebration held on Shrove Tuesday, the day before Lent begins.
10996 Marduk was the chief god of the ancient Babylonians.
10997 Mareeba (pop. 17,135), is the largest town of the Atherton Tableland region inland from Cairns, in
Queensland, Australia.
10998 Maremma sheepdog is a massive, strongly built dog first bred to guard sheep.
10999 Marfan syndrome is a disorder characterized by abnormalities of the skeleton, eye, and heart.
11000 Margaret of Scotland, Saint (1040?-1093), was a queen of Scotland who carried out social and religious
reforms.
11001 Margarine is a butterlike food made from vegetable oils or animal fats, or both.
11002 Margate is a popular seaside resort in Kent, southeastern England.
11003
Margay is a wildcat that lives in Central and South America from northern Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil.
11004
Margin in stock exchange refers to the deposits which investors give to their brokers to buy shares.
11005 Margrethe II (1940-...) is queen of Denmark.
11006 Maria Island is a small island (not more than 19 kilometres long by 13 kilometres wide) off the east coast
of Tasmania, an island state of Australia.
11007 Maria Theresa (1717-1780) was Holy Roman empress, queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and
archduchess of Austria.
11008 Mariana Islands are formed by the summits of 15 volcanic mountains in the Pacific.
11009 Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) was the beautiful queen of France who died on the guillotine during the
French Revolution.
11010 Marie Louise (1791-1847) was the second wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and the daughter of Emperor
Francis I of Austria.
11011 Marigold is a hardy flowering plant commonly grown in gardens.
11012 Marijuana, also spelled marihuana, is a drug made from the dried leaves and flowering tops of the hemp
plant.
11013 Marimba is a percussion instrument that consists of a number of bars arranged on a frame like the keys
of a piano.
11014 Marin, John (1870-1953), was one of the first American artists to paint in a modern style.
11015 Marine is a soldier who serves at sea and in special missions on land and in the air.
11016 Marine biology is the study of organisms that live in the sea.
11017 Marion, Francis (1732?-1795), was an American military leader whose shrewd, daring raids in the
American Revolution won him the nickname of The Swamp Fox.
11018 Mariposa lily is a group of about 60 species of spring-blooming flowers of the lily family.
11019 Marisol (1930-...) is an American sculptor known for her witty, life-size wooden figures.
11020 Maritain, Jacques (1882-1973), was a French philosopher and one of the most influential Roman
Catholic scholars of the 1900's.
11021 Maritime law regulates commerce and navigation on the high seas or other navigable waters, including
inland lakes and rivers.
11022 Maritime Strike took place in Australia in 1890.
11023 Marius, Gaius (157-86 B.C.), was a Roman general and statesman.
11024 Marivaux, Pierre (1688-1763), was a French playwright and novelist.
11025 Marjoram is the popular name of a group of herbaceous plants that belong to the mint family.
11026 Mark is the monetary unit of Germany.
11027 Mark, Saint, sometimes called John Mark, was an early Christian who accompanied Saint Paul on his
first missionary journey.
11028 Market gardening is growing vegetables or fruit, or both, for market.
11029 Market research is the process of gathering and analysing information to help business firms and other
organizations make marketing decisions.
11030 Marketing is the process by which sellers find buyers and by which goods and services move from
producers to consumers.
11031
Markievicz, Countess (1868-1927), born Constance Georgine Gore-Booth, was an Irishwoman who
played an important part in her country's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom.
11032 Markova, Dame Alicia (1910-...), is considered the first great English ballerina.
11033 Marks, Lord (1888-1964), a British businessman and philanthropist, provided good quality clothing at
moderate prices to millions of people.
11034 Marks and Spencer is a large British retail company that operates a chain of department stores.
11035 Marl is the common name for calcareous mudstone, a type of rock that consists of almost equal amounts
of clay and calcite or dolomite.
11036 Marlborough Sounds are a series of deep-sea inlets that form part of the northern coast of the South
Island of New Zealand.
11037 Marlborough, Duke of (1650-1722), was one of England's greatest generals.
11038 Marley, Bob (1945-1981), a Jamaican musician, was a singer and composer of reggae music.
11039 Marlin is the name of a group of large game fishes that live in the ocean.
11040
Marlowe, Christopher (1564-1593), a British playwright, was the first great Elizabethan writer of tragedy.
11041
Marmara, Sea of, is part of the trade waterway that links the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.
11042 Marmoset is one of the world's smallest kinds of monkey.
11043 Marmot is the largest member of the squirrel family.
11044 Marne River is the largest branch of the Seine River in France.
11045 Maroochy is a river in Queensland, Australia.
11046 Marot, Clement (1496-1544), was a French poet who served in the households of King Francis I and
Marguerite de Navarre.
11047 Marquand, John Phillips (1893-1960), an American novelist, pictured the decayed aristocratic society in
Boston with gentle but effective satire.
11048 Marquesas Islands are a group of about 10 volcanic islands in the South Pacific Ocean.
11049 Marquess is a degree of nobility in the British peerage.
11050 Marquette, Jacques (1637-1675), was a French explorer and Roman Catholic missionary in North
America.
11051 Marrakech (pop. 672,506) is one of the largest cities in Morocco.
11052 Marram grass has long, narrow, pale-green leaves.
11053 Marriage is the relationship between a man and a woman who have made a legal agreement to live
together.
11054 Marron is one of the world's largest freshwater crayfish.
11055 Marrow, or vegetable marrow, is a popular plant grown for its fruit.
11056 Marryat, Frederick (1792-1848), was an English author whose novels about life at sea were widely read
during the 1800's.
11057 Mars was the god of war in Roman mythology.
11058 Mars is the only planet whose surface can be seen in detail from the earth.
11059 Marsden, Samuel (1765-1838), was an English clergyman who established Anglican missions in New
South Wales, Australia, and New Zealand.
11060 Marsden, William (1754-1836), an East India Company official in Sumatra, Indonesia, became one of the
most outstanding scholars of Malay in the English-speaking world.
11061 Marseillaise is the national anthem of France.
11062 Marseille (pop. 807,726; met. area pop. 1,087,372) is the second largest city in France and the country's
main seaport.
11063 Marsh is a wet area where such nonwoody plants as reeds, grasses, rushes, and sedges grow.
11064 Marsh, Dame Ngaio (1895-1982), a New Zealand writer, became one of the world's best-known writers
of detective stories.
11065 Marsh, Reginald (1898-1954), was an American artist famous for his realistic pictures of New York City
life.
11066 Marsh, Rodney (1947-...), was an Australian wicketkeeper who won renown as half of the "perfect pair."
Fast bowler Dennis Lillee was the other half.
11067
Marsh mallow is a plant that grows in meadows and marshes of northern Africa and eastern Europe.
11068 Marshal is the highest title in the armies of many countries.
11069 Marshall, Alan (1902-1984), an Australian author, became known for his short stories.
11070
Marshall, Alfred (1842-1924), was a British academic and the most influential economist of his day.
11071 Marshall, David (1908-1995), a lawyer and politician, served as Singapore's first local chief minister in
1955 and 1956.
11072 Marshall, George Catlett (1880-1959), an American soldier and statesman, served as chief of staff of the
United States Army during World War II (1939-1945).
11073 Marshall, James Vance (1887-1964), was the pen name of Donald Gordon Payne, Australian author of
Walkabout.
11074 Marshall, Jock (1911-1967), was the joint author of a remarkable account of Australian landscape and
society entitled Journey Among Men (1962).
11075 Marshall, Sir John (Jack) (1912-1988), of the New Zealand National Party, was prime minister of New
Zealand in 1972.
11076 Marshall, Peter (1902-1949), was a Scottish Presbyterian minister who served as chaplain of the United
States Senate from January 1947 until his death.
11077 Marshall Islands are a group of 34 low-lying coral atolls and islands in the central Pacific Ocean.
11078 Marshall Plan encouraged European nations to work together for economic recovery after World War II
(1939-1945).
11079 Marsilius of Padua (1275?-1343?), an Italian political theorist, defended the claims of the Holy Roman
Empire against those of the papacy.
11080 Marston, John (1576-1634), was an English playwright.
11081 Marsupial is a mammal whose young are born in an extremely immature state.
11082 Marsupial cat, also called native cat or dasyure, is a small, furry mammal that lives in forests of Australia
and Tasmania.
11083 Martello towers were defensive towers built in 1804 along the south coast and southeast coast of
England and the east coast of Ireland.
11084 Marten is a slim, fur-covered mammal that looks somewhat like a weasel.
11085
Martens, Conrad (1801-1878), an early Australian artist, is known for his luminous, limpid watercolours.
11086 Martha was a friend of Jesus, and the sister of Mary and Lazarus of Bethany.
11087 Marti, Jose Julian (1853-1895), was a Cuban patriot, author, and journalist.
11088 Martial (A.D. 40?-104?) was an ancient Roman writer.
11089 Martial arts is a general term for various types of fighting arts that originated in the Orient.
11090 Martial law is a temporary form of government under which a country's armed forces control an area of
that country.
11091 Martin is the name of several birds of the swallow family.
11092 Martin V (1368-1431) was elected pope in 1417.
11093 Martin, Archer John Porter (1910-...), is a noted English biochemist.
11094 Martin, Glenn Luther (1886-1955), was an American aircraft designer and manufacturer.
11095 Martin, Joseph William, Jr. (1884-1968), was a United States politician.
11096 Martin du Gard, Roger (1881-1958), was a French novelist who received the 1937 Nobel Prize for
literature.
11097 Martin-Harvey, Sir John (1863-1944), was a British actor-manager often called the last romantic because
he represented an approach to the theatre that was dying out.
11098 Martin of Tours, Saint (316?-397), is the patron saint of France.
11099 Martineau, Harriet (1802-1876), was a British writer and social reformer who wrote widely on economic,
philosophic, and social issues.
11100 Martinelli, Giovanni (1885-1969), sang as a leading tenor with the New York Metropolitan Opera
Company in more than 50 operas.
11101 Martinique is an island dependency of France in the Caribbean Sea.
11102 Martins, Peter (1946-...), is a Danish-born dancer and choreographer (dance creator).
11103 Martyr is a person who defends a principle, even though it means sacrificing many things, perhaps even
his or her life.
11104 Marvell, Andrew (1621-1678), was perhaps the finest of the English metaphysical poets of the mid-
1600's.
11105
Marx, Karl (1818-1883), was a German philosopher, social scientist, and professional revolutionary.
11106 Marx brothers were three American brothers who became famous for their zany antics in films.
11107 Mary was the mother of Jesus.
11108 Mary was the name of three queens of England.
11109 Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587), was the only surviving child of King James V of Scotland.
11110 Mary Celeste, an American sailing ship, was found abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean in 1872.
11111 Mary Magdalene, a follower of Jesus, was called Magdalene because she was reputed to be from the
village of Magdala.
11112 Mary of Bethany was the sister of Martha and Lazarus.
11113
Mary Rose was a ship in the navy of King Henry VIII of England that sank near Portsmouth in 1545.
11114 Maryborough (pop. 22,982) is a city in southeastern Queensland, Australia.
11115 Maryland (pop. 4,798,622) is an important industrial and shipping state of the United States.
11116
Masaccio (1401-1428), an Italian painter, was one of the first great masters of the Italian Renaissance.
11117 Masada was a historic Jewish fortress that stood on a huge rock in Judea (now southern Israel).
11118
Masai are an African people famous for their skill as warriors and their strongly independent ways.
11119 Masaryk was the family name of two Czech statesmen, father and son.
11120 Mascagni, Pietro (1863-1945), was an Italian opera composer.
11121 Masefield, John (1878-1967), was an English poet, novelist, critic, and playwright.
11122 Masekela, Hugh (1939-...), an internationally acclaimed South African trumpeter, won fame in
Johannesburg as a member of the Jazz Epistles in 1960.
11123 Maser is a device that generates or amplifies microwaves.
11124 Maseru (pop. 109,382) is the capital of Lesotho.
11125 Mask is a covering that disguises or protects the face.
11126 Mason, A. E. W. (1865-1948), was an English novelist and dramatist.
11127 Mason and Dixon's Line is usually thought of as the line that divides the North and the South in the
United States.
11128 Masonry, also called Freemasonry, is the name of one of the largest and oldest fraternal organizations in
the world.
11129 Masque was an elaborate form of entertainment presented at European courts.
11130 Masquerade is the name of a party or dance at which fancy masks and costumes are worn.
11131 Mass is often defined as the amount of matter in an object.
11132 Mass is the name used by several Christian churches for the celebration of the sacrament of the
Eucharist, or Lord's Supper.
11133
Mass production is the production of machinery and other articles in standard sizes in large numbers.
11134 Mass spectroscopy, also called mass spectrometry, is a method of separating ionized atoms or
molecules according to their mass (m) and electric charge (z).
11135 Massachusetts is a state in northeastern United States.
11136 Massachusetts Bay Colony was one of the first settlements in New England, U.S.A..
11137 Massage is a method of manipulating the skin to produce healthy effects on the skin and underlying
tissues.
11138 Massenet, Jules (1842-1912), was a French composer best known for his operas.
11139 Massey, William F. (1856-1925), became prime minister of New Zealand in 1912.
11140
Massine, Leonide (1896-1979), was a great Russian dancer and choreographer (dance composer).
11141 Massinger, Philip (1583-1640), an English playwright, is best known for his comedy A New Way to Pay
Old Debts (1621 or 1622).
11142 Massys, Quentin (1465?-1530), was the leading painter in Antwerp, Belgium, in the early 1500's.
11143 Mastectomy is the surgical removal of a breast.
11144 Master of the queen's music is an honorary title given to a British musician.
11145 Master of the rolls, in the British judiciary, is a judge who sits in the court of Appeal.
11146 Masters, Edgar Lee (1868-1950), was an American author.
11147 Mastersinger was one of a group of German poetmusicians who treated literary art as a sort of craft or
trade.
11148 Masterson, Bat (1853-1921), was a famous frontiersman and peace officer in the American West.
11149 Masterton (pop. 20,007) is a town in the southeastern part of the North Island of New Zealand.
11150 Mastic is a resin drawn from Pistacia lentiscus, a type of pistacio tree or small shrub native to the
Mediterranean region.
11151 Mastication is the first process in the digestion of food.
11152 Mastiff, also called Old English Mastiff, is a breed of dog that was developed in the Middle East in
ancient times.
11153 Mastodon was an animal much like the elephant.
11154 Mastoid is one of the five parts of the temporal bone of the skull.
11155 Mata Hari (1876-1917) was a Dutch dancer executed by the French on charges of being a German spy
during World War I (1914-1918).
11156
Match is a slender piece of cardboard or wood with a tip made of a chemical mixture that burns easily.
11157 Mate, also called Paraguay tea, is a drink made from the dried leaves and shoots of a plant that grows in
South America.
11158 Mate is the title of a merchant marine officer or naval petty officer.
11159 Materialism is a philosophical position that states that everything is material, or a state of matter.
11160 Materials are solid substances of which manufactured products are made.
11161 Mathematics is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge.
11162 Mather was the name of a family of intellectual and religious leaders--father, son, and grandson--in
colonial America.
11163 Mathew, Theobald (1790-1856), an Irish Roman Catholic priest, founded a temperance movement to
encourage people to abstain completely from intoxicating liquor.
11164 Mathews, Marlene (1934-...) was one of Australia's greatest female athletes.
11165 Mathias, William James (1934-1992), was a Welsh composer, conductor, and pianist.
11166
Matisse, Henri (1869-1954), a French painter, was one of the most influential artists of the 1900's.
11167 Matra, James Mario (1745?-1806), an American seaman, served as a midshipman on the ship
Endeavour, commanded by the British explorer James Cook.
11168 Matter is the substance of which all things are made.
11169 Matterhorn is a famous mountain peak in the Pennine Alps.
11170 Matthew, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
11171 Matthews, Denis (1919-1988), an English pianist and composer, won acclaim for his sensitive
interpretations of the works of J. S. Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven.
11172
Matthews, Sir Stanley (1915-...), a British footballer, became one of the world's greatest soccer players.
11173 Matthias, Saint was an early Christian.
11174 Matura, Mustapha (1939-...), a West Indian-born writer, won praise for his plays about black immigrants
in Britain in the 1970's.
11175 Mau Mau was a secret movement that included Africans who wanted to end British colonial rule in
Kenya.
11176
Maudling, Reginald (1917-1979), was the United Kingdom (UK) home secretary from 1970 to 1972.
11177 Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965), a fiction and drama writer, became one of the most popular British
authors of the 1900's.
11178 Mauna Kea is a volcano on the American island of Hawaii.
11179 Mauna Loa, a volcanic mountain on the American island of Hawaii, rises 4,169 metres above sea level in
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
11180 Maundy money is distributed by the British sovereign to specially selected men and women on Maundy
Thursday, the day before Good Friday.
11181 Maundy Thursday also called Holy Thursday, is observed on the Thursday during Holy Week in the
Christian calendar.
11182 Maurer, Ion Gheorghe (1902-...), served as prime minister of Romania from 1961 until he resigned in
1974.
11183 Mauriac, Francois (1885-1970), a French author, won the 1952 Nobel Prize for literature.
11184 Mauritania is a country in western Africa.
11185 Mauritius is an island nation in the Indian Ocean.
11186
Maurois, Andre (1885-1967), was the pen name of Emile Herzog, a French novelist and biographer.
11187 Maurya Empire was the first empire to provide a single government for almost all of India.
11188 Mauve is a delicate pale purple or violet dye.
11189 Maverick, Samuel Augustus (1803-1870), was a prominent American pioneer and statesman.
11190 Mawson, Sir Douglas (1882-1958), was an Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer.
11191 Maxim was the family name of three famous American-born inventors.
11192 Maximilian (1832-1867) ruled as Emperor of Mexico from 1864 to 1867.
11193 Maximilian I (1459-1519) reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 to 1519.
11194 Maxwell is a unit of magnetic flux.
11195 Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879), a British scientist, was one of the greatest mathematicians and
physicists of the 1800's.
11196 Maxwell, Robert (1923-1991) was a British publisher and politician.
11197 May is a month of early winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
11198 May, Peter (1929-1995), a Surrey and England cricketer, captained the English team in nine series of
test matches between 1955 and 1961.
11199 May, Phil (1864-1903), a British caricaturist and poster artist, won fame in the 1890's for his vigorous
cartoons depicting the life of the poorer classes of the East End of London.
11200 May apple is an American plant that belongs to the barberry family.
11201 May Day (May 1) is celebrated as a spring festival in many countries.
11202 Maya were an American Indian people who developed a magnificent civilization in Central America and
south Mexico.
11203 Maybach, Wilhelm (1846-1929), a German engineer, pioneered in building motor cars.
11204 Mayer, Julius Robert von (1814-1878), was a German doctor and physicist.
11205 Mayer, Maria Goeppert (1906-1972), a German-born physicist, shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for physics
with J. Hans Jensen of Germany and Eugene Paul Wigner of the United States.
11206 Mayer, Sir Robert (1879-1985), a music teacher and philanthropist, became famous for the Robert
Mayer Concerts for Children.
11207 Mayflower was the ship that carried the Pilgrim Fathers to America, in 1620.
11208 Mayflower Compact was the first agreement for self-government ever put in force in America.
11209 Mayfly is a dainty insect with lacy wings and a slender, forked tail that trails behind it in flight.
11210 Mayhem, in law, was the offence of making a person less capable of self-defence by maiming the body
or by destroying or injuring one of its parts.
11211 Mayhew, Henry (1812-1887), was an English writer and editor.
11212 Maynooth is a town in Kildare, in the Republic of Ireland.
11213 Mayo is the family name of three American surgeons who made the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,
Minnesota, internationally famous.
11214 Mayo is the third largest county in area in the Republic of Ireland.
11215 Mayo, Daphne (1895-1982), an Australian sculptor, designed and made two bronze doors for the
Mitchell Library in Sydney.
11216 Mayon is a volcano on the coast of Albay Gulf in southeastern Luzon, in the Philippines.
11217 Mayor is the title given to the head of a local government body.
11218 Maytag, Frederick Louis (1857-1937), was an American businessman.
11219 Mazarin, Jules Cardinal (1602-1661), was a French statesman, and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic
Church.
11220 Mazepa, Ivan Stepanovich (1632?-1709), also spelled Mazeppa, was a famous Cossack hetman, or
chieftain.
11221
Mazowiecki, Tadeusz (1927-...), was prime minister of Poland from August 1989 to November 1990.
11222 Mazzini, Giuseppe (1805-1872), was an Italian patriot and republican leader who played an important
part in uniting Italy in 1861.
11223 Mbabane (pop. 38,636) is the administrative capital of Swaziland, a country in southern Africa.
11224 Mbeki, Thabo (1942-...), became first executive deputy president of South Africa in 1994.
11225
McAdam, John Loudon (1756-1836), a British engineer, originated the macadam type of road surface.
11226 McAdoo, William Gibbs (1863-1941), was an American politician and industrialist.
11227 McAuley, James Phillip (1917-1976), a noted Australian poet and critic, was professor of English at the
University of Tasmania from 1961 until his death in 1976.
11228
McBain, Ed (1926-...), is the pen name of Evan Hunter, a leading American writer of detective fiction.
11229 McBride, Lloyd (1916-1983), served as president of the United Steelworkers of America (USWA), one of
the largest labour unions in the United States, from 1977 to 1983.
11230 McBride, William (1927-...), an Australian doctor, achieved world prominence in 1961 when he
discovered that the drug thalidomide could cause deformities in unborn children.
11231 McCabe, Stanley (1910-1968), an Australian cricketer, was one of Australia's finest batsmen.
11232 McCallum, John (1918-...), an Australian actor and theatre manager, was managing director of J.C.
Williamson Theatres Ltd. from 1960 to 1966.
11233 McCarran, Patrick Anthony (1876-1954), served as a United States senator representing Nevada from
1933 to 1954.
11234 McCarthy, Dennis ( ? -1820), arrived in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania, Australia) in 1807 as a
convict.
11235 McCarthy, Joseph Raymond (1908-1957), was a controversial United States Republican senator from
Wisconsin.
11236 McCarthy, Mary (1912-1989), was an American author.
11237 McCarthyism is a term for the widespread accusations and investigations of suspected Communist
activities in the United States during the 1950's.
11238 McCartney, Paul (1942-...), is a famous English singer, songwriter, and musician.
11239 McCaughey, Sir Samuel (1835-1919), a leading pastoralist (large scale animal farmer) was one of the
pioneers of irrigation in Australia.
11240 McClellan, George Brinton (1826-1885), an American, served for a time as the general in chief of the
Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
11241 McClure, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier (1807-1873), also spelled M'Clure, was a British explorer who led
the first expedition to cross the Northwest Passage.
11242 McClure, Samuel Sidney (1857-1949), was an American editor and publisher.
11243 McCormack, John (1884-1945), was a famous Irish tenor.
11244 McCormick, Cyrus Hall (1809-1884), invented a reaping machine that revolutionized grain harvesting in
the United States.
11245 McCoy, Elijah (1844?-1929), was a black American engineer and inventor who developed the automatic
lubricator.
11246 McCrae, Hugh (1876-1958), was one of a group of Australian poets who attempted after World War I
(1914-1918) to break away from the traditional themes dominating Australian poetry.
11247 McCrae, John (1872-1918), was a Canadian doctor, soldier, and poet.
11248 McCubbin, Frederick (1855-1917), an Australian painter, founded the Box Hill artists' camp near
Melbourne with Tom Roberts and Louis Abrahams.
11249 McCullers, Carson (1917-1967), was an American novelist known for her stories of small-town life in the
South.
11250 McCullough, Colleen (1937-...), an Australian author, wrote a best-selling novel, The Thorn Birds,
published in 1977.
11251 McDonald, David John (1902-1979), was president of the United Steelworkers of America from 1952 to
1965.
11252
McDougall, William (1871-1938), a British psychologist, founded the purposive school of psychology.
11253 McEnroe, John (1959-...), is an American tennis player.
11254 McEwen, Sir John (1900-1980), was deputy prime minister of Australia and leader of the Country Party
in the federal Parliament from 1958 to 1971.
11255 McGonagall, William (1825-1902), a Scottish poet, became notorious for his appalling poetry.
11256 McGuffey, William Holmes (1800-1873), was an American teacher and clergyman.
11257 McGuigan, James Charles Cardinal (1894-1974), was a Canadian cardinal of the Roman Catholic
Church.
11258 McIlwraith, Sir Thomas (1835-1900), was premier of Queensland, Australia, from 1879 to 1883, 1888 to
1890, and for a short period in 1893.
11259 McIndoe, Sir Archibald (1900-1960), a New Zealand plastic surgeon, became famous during World War
II (1939-1945).
11260 McIntyre, James Francis Cardinal (1886-1979), served as the Roman Catholic archbishop of Los
Angeles, U.S.A., from 1948 until he resigned in 1970.
11261 McKay, Heather (1941-...), an Australian squash player, set a record by winning the British
championship 17 times in succession.
11262 McKay, Hugh Victor (1865-1926), was an Australian who invented the Sunshine Harvester, a combine
harvester that contributed greatly to the development of wheat production in Australia.
11263 McKell, Sir William (1891-1985), was governor general of Australia from 1947 to 1953.
11264 McKellen, Ian (1939-...), is a British actor, known for his powerful Shakespearean roles and solo recitals
on varied themes.
11265 McKenna, Siobhan (1923-1986), an Irish actress, became widely known for her portrayal of St. Joan in
George Bernard Shaw's play St. Joan.
11266 McKim, Charles Follen (1847-1909), was an American architect.
11267 McKinlay, John (1819-1872), explored parts of northern Queensland and the Northern Territory.
11268
McKinley, William (1843-1901), was president of the United States from 1897 until he was assassinated.
11269 McKinnon, Don (1939-...), is a New Zealand politician.
11270 McKuen, Rod (1933-...), is a popular American poet and composer.
11271 McLuhan, Marshall (1911-1980), was a Canadian professor and writer whose theories on mass
communication have caused widespread debate.
11272 McMahon, Sir William (1908-1988), was prime minister of Australia for almost two years.
11273 McManus, Frank (1905-1983), an Australian politician was elected federal parliamentary leader of the
Democratic Labor Party (DLP) in 1973.
11274 McMaster, Sir Frederick Duncan (1873-1954) was an Australian pastoralist (large scale animal farmer)
and philanthropist.
11275 McMillan was the family name of two sisters who were social reformers.
11276 McMillan, Angus (1810-1865), a Scottish-born explorer, made journeys into inland areas of Victoria,
Australia.
11277 McReynolds, James Clark (1862-1946), was one of the nine old men of the Supreme Court of the United
States during the 1930's.
11278 Mead is an alcoholic drink made from honey.
11279 Mead, Margaret (1901-1978), was an American anthropologist known for her studies of how culture
influences the development of personality.
11280 Meade, George Gordon (1815-1872), was a Union general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
11281 Meadowlark is the common name of two similar species of North American birds that inhabit grassy
fields, meadows, and prairies.
11282 Meads, Colin (1936-...), a New Zealand farmer from the King Country, became a legend in international
Rugby Union.
11283 Mean, in statistics, is the sum of a series of numbers divided by the number of cases.
11284 Measles is a disease that causes a pink rash all over the body.
11285 Measurement is the process of finding out how many measuring units there are in something.
11286 Measuring worm is a green or brown caterpillar that crawls by looping its body.
11287 Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.
11288 Meat extract is a paste with a highly concentrated meaty flavour.
11289 Meat processing is the business of slaughtering cattle, pigs, and sheep, and preparing the meat for
transportation and sale.
11290 Meath (pop. 105,540) is a county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
11291 Mecca, or Makkah, (pop. 463,000) is the holiest city of Islam, the religion of the Muslims.
11292 Mechanics is the field of physics that studies the effects of forces on solids, liquids, and gases at rest or
in motion.
11293 Mechanist philosophy states that physical phenomena must be explained in terms of laws of cause and
effect that describe the motion of matter.
11294
Mecklenburg is a farming region and part of the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
11295
Medan (pop. 1,715,670) is the most important city in Sumatra and the fourth largest city in Indonesia.
11296 Medawar, Sir Peter Brian (1915-1987), was an English zoologist who shared the 1960 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine with Sir Macfarlane Burnet.
11297 Medea was a princess of Colchis in Greek mythology who had magical powers.
11298 Medellin (pop. 1,468,089) is the second largest city of Colombia.
11299 Media was an ancient country in what is now Northern Iran.
11300 Median in statistics, is the middle value in a group of numbers arranged in numerical order.
11301 Medici was the name of a ruling family of Florence, Italy.
11302 Medicine is the science and art of healing.
11303 Medill, Joseph (1823-1899), a crusading American editor and publisher, made the Chicago Tribune one
of the world's most successful newspapers.
11304 Medina (pop. 198,186) is a city in western Saudi Arabia.
11305 Medina (pop. 70,100) is one of the two local government districts on the Isle of Wight, England.
11306 Mediterranean fruit fly is an insect that destroys fruit, nuts, and vegetables.
11307 Mediterranean Sea has been one of the world's chief trade routes since ancient times.
11308 Medusa was one of the three Gorgons, the daughters of the sea god Phorcys in Greek mythology (see
GORGONS).
11309 Medway is an English river that rises in three headstreams in Surrey and East Sussex, and flows
through Kent.
11310 Meerkat is a small burrowing animal of Africa.
11311 Meekatharra (pop. 2,184), is a town that lies about 800 kilometres northeast of Perth in Western
Australia.
11312 Meerschaum is a soft, whitish fibrous or flaky clay.
11313 Megalithic monuments are structures built of large stones by prehistoric people for burial or religious
purposes.
11314 Megalopolis is a region made up of two or more metropolitan areas.
11315 Megaphone is a hollow, cone-shaped device used to make a voice sound louder.
11316 Meghalaya is a small state in northern India.
11317 Mehta, Zubin (1936-...), is a symphony orchestra conductor.
11318 Mein Kampf is a book by Adolf Hitler.
11319 Meir, Golda (1898-1978), served as prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974.
11320 Meirionnydd (pop. 33,400) is a local government district in Gwynedd, Wales.
11321 Meitner, Lise (1878-1968), was an Austrian-born physicist who played an essential role in the discovery
of nuclear fission (the splitting of the nucleus of an atom).
11322 Mekeos are an Austronesian people who live inland on the middle part of the Angabunga River, about
150 kilometres northwest of Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.
11323 Mekong River is the largest river on the Indochinese peninsula.
11324 Melaka is a state on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
11325 Melaka, also spelled Malacca (pop. 87,494), is the capital of Melaka, a state of Malaysia.
11326 Melanchthon, Philipp (1497-1560), a German humanist and scholar, was Martin Luther's chief associate
in starting and leading the Protestant Reformation.
11327 Melba, Dame Nellie (1861-1931), was a famous Australian coloratura soprano.
11328
Melbourne (pop. 3,022,157) is the capital of the state of Victoria, and Australia's second largest city.
11329 Melbourne, a 20,000-metric ton aircraft carrier, became the flagship of the Royal Australian Navy after its
arrival in Australia in 1956.
11330 Melbourne, Viscount (1779-1848), William Lamb, was prime minister of the United Kingdom (UK) when
Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837.
11331 Melbourne Cup is the most famous horse race in the Australian or New Zealand racing calendar.
11332 Melchior, Lauritz Lebrecht Hommel, (1890-1973), was a Danish operatic tenor.
11333 Meldrum, Max (1875-1955), was one of the dominant painters in Australia in the 1920's.
11334 Mellon, Andrew William (1855-1937), was an American financier.
11335 Mellophone is a curved brass instrument that resembles a French horn.
11336 Melon is the name of the fruit of several plants that belong to the gourd family.
11337 Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
11338 Melton (pop. 44,500) a local government district in Leicestershire, England, includes the ancient market
town of Melton Mowbray, the Vale of Belvoir, and part of the North Leicestershire Wolds.
11339 Melville, Francis (1822-1857), was an Australian bushranger (escaped convict living in the bush).
11340 Melville, Herman (1819-1891), ranks among America's major authors.
11341 Melville Island lies off Australia's Northern Territory, directly north of Darwin.
11342
Melville Island is one of a group of Canadian islands in the Arctic Ocean, north of Canada's mainland.
11343 Membrane is a term used to describe layers of biological tissue that cover surfaces and separate spaces
in organisms.
11344 Memling, Hans (1430?-1494), was a Flemish painter.
11345 Memminger, Christopher Gustavus (1803-1888), an American statesman, served as secretary of the
treasury for the Confederacy from 1861 to 1864.
11346 Memorial may take the form of a statue, monument, building, or park.
11347 Memory is the ability to remember something that has been learned or experienced.
11348 Memory chip is a device that stores information in a computer.
11349 Memphis was the first capital of ancient Egypt.
11350 Memphis (pop. 610,337; met. area pop. 981,747) is the largest city in Tennessee, U.S.A. It lies on a bluff
on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the southwest corner of the state.
11351 Menai Strait is a narrow strait between the island of Anglesey in the Irish Sea and the mainland of North
Wales (see GWYNEDD).
11352 Menander (342?-291? B.C.) was a Greek playwright who wrote more than 100 comedies.
11353 Menchu, Rigoberta (1959-...), a Guatemalan Quiche Indian, won the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize for her
work to gain respect for the rights of Guatemala's American Indian peoples.
11354 Mencius (390?-305? B.C.) was a major Chinese philosopher.
11355 Mencken, H. L. (1880-1956), was an American critic, editor, and journalist.
11356 Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822-1884), an Austrian botanist and monk, formulated the basic laws of
heredity.
11357 Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907), was a Russian chemist who developed a form of the periodic
law, a basic principle in chemistry.
11358 Mendelevium is an artificially produced radioactive element.
11359 Mendelsohn, Eric (1887-1953), was a German architect noted for his bold geometric style.
11360 Mendelssohn, Felix (1809-1847), was a German composer, pianist, and conductor.
11361 Mendelssohn, Moses (1729-1786), was a Jewish philosopher and scholar, and one of the most learned
men of his time.
11362 Mendip (pop. 95,300) is a local government district in the English county of Somerset, through which the
Mendip Hills run.
11363 Mendip Hills are a range of hills in northeastern Somerset, England.
11364 Menelaus, a king of Sparta, was the husband of Helen of Troy.
11365 Menendez de Aviles, Pedro (1519-1574), a Spanish naval captain, founded St. Augustine, the first
permanent European settlement in what would become the United States of America.
11366 Menge, Johann (1788-1852), a German-born geologist, mineralogist, explorer, early colonist, and
linguist, pioneered many new routes in unexplored areas of South Australia.
11367 Mengele, Josef (1911-1979), a German doctor, personally selected over 400,000 prisoners to die in gas
chambers at Auschwitz, a Nazi concentration camp during World War II (1939-1945).
11368
Menhaden is a fish that lives in the Atlantic Ocean off the Americas from southern Canada to Brazil.
11369 Menindee is a town on the Darling River in New South Wales, Australia, almost 115 kilometres
southwest of Broken Hill.
11370 Meningitis is a disease that affects the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
11371 Mennonites belong to a Protestant Christian group known for its emphasis on plain ways of dressing,
living, and worshipping.
11372 Menopause is the time in a woman's life when her menstrual periods stop.
11373 Menotti, Gian Carlo (1911-...), an American composer, wrote some of the most popular operas of the
mid-1900's.
11374 Mensheviks were members of a group in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
11375 Menstruation is the loss of blood and cells that occurs about once a month in most women of
childbearing age.
11376 Mental illness is any disease of the mind or brain that affects a person's thoughts, emotions, personality,
or behaviour.
11377 Mental retardation is a condition of subnormal intellectual and social development.
11378 Menthol is a soft, white substance with a mint odour and a fresh, cool taste.
11379
Mentor was the elderly friend and adviser of Odysseus, the hero of the Odyssey, an ancient Greek epic.
11380 Menuhin, Sir Yehudi (1916-...), is an American-born violinist who had spectacular success as a child
prodigy.
11381 Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon (1894-1978), served as prime minister of Australia for two periods--1939 to
1941 and 1949 to 1966.
11382 Mephistopheles is the Devil in a German legend about a magician named Faust.
11383 Mercantilism was an economic system followed by England, France, and other major trading nations
from the 1500's to the late 1700's.
11384 Mercator, Gerardus (1512-1594), was a Flemish geographer who became the leading mapmaker of the
1500's.
11385 Mercenary is a person who serves the armed forces of a foreign country for money.
11386 Merchant navy, or merchant marine, is a fleet made up of a nation's commercial ships and the men and
women who operate them.
11387 Mercia was one of the great kingdoms of England in the time of the Anglo-Saxons.
11388 Mercier, Desire Cardinal (1851-1926), was a Belgian archbishop and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic
Church.
11389 Mercouri, Melina (1925-1994), was a Greek actress and politician.
11390 Mercurochrome is the trade name for a weak antiseptic that is used in a water solution.
11391 Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg.
11392 Mercury is the planet nearest the sun.
11393 Mercury was the messenger of the gods and the god of roads and travel in Roman mythology.
11394 Mere was a war club used by the Maori of New Zealand.
11395 Meredith, George (1828-1909), was an English novelist and poet.
11396 Merensky, Hans (1871-1952), was a leading geologist and naturalist in South Africa.
11397 Merganser is the name of a group of ducks that eat fish.
11398 Mergenthaler, Ottmar (1854-1899), invented the Linotype typesetting machine.
11399 Merger is the combination of two or more separate companies into a single corporation.
11400 Meridian is a line drawn from the north to south pole on a globe of the earth.
11401 Merimee, Prosper (1803-1870), a French author, is best known for his novelettes (short novels).
11402 Mermaid was a mythical creature that lived in the sea.
11403 Mermaid Tavern was a famous Elizabethan inn.
11404 Merovingian was the name given to a line of Frankish kings who conquered Gaul and surrounding lands
beginning in A.D. 486 and ruled until 751.
11405 Merriam, Clinton Hart (1855-1942), was an American physician and zoologist.
11406 Merriman, Sir Walter (1882-1972), an Australian stud sheep breeder, established and improved the
quality of the fleeces of Merino sheep in Australia.
11407 Merry-go-round is a popular children's ride at amusement parks and theme parks.
11408 Mersey, River, is an important trade waterway in northwest England.
11409 Merseyside is a region in northwestern England.
11410 Merthyr Tydfil (pop. 59,300) is a town on the River Taff in South Wales.
11411 Merton (pop. 161,800) is a borough within the Greater London area.
11412 Merton, Robert King (1910-...), is an American sociologist.
11413 Merton, Thomas (1915-1968), an American Roman Catholic monk, was the most popular spiritual writer
of his time.
11414 Merv is an oasis in central Asia.
11415 Mesa is an isolated hill or mountain that has a flat, tablelike top and steep sides.
11416 Mesa Verde National Park is a parkland area in the United States.
11417 Mesabi Range is a chain of hills in northeastern Minnesota, U.S.A. The range was once one of the great
iron-ore mining regions of the world.
11418
Mescaline is a powerful drug that distorts what a person sees and hears and intensifies the emotions.
11419 Meshed (pop. 1,463,508) is one of Iran's largest cities and a leading religious centre.
11420 Mesmer, Franz Anton (1734-1815), an Austrian doctor, pioneered in the practice of hypnotism.
11421 Meson is a subatomic particle.
11422 Mesopotamia was an ancient region in which the world's earliest civilization developed.
11423 Mesosphere is a layer of the earth's atmosphere.
11424 Mesquite is a thorny, low shrub which grows in dry climates.
11425 Messel, Harry (1922-...), a Canadian nuclear physicist, was professor of physics at the University of
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, from 1952 to 1987.
11426 Messenger, Dally (1883-1959), one of the pioneers of Rugby League football in Australia, was known as
The Master because of his skill at the game.
11427 Messenia is a department (political division) of Greece.
11428 Messiaen, Olivier (1908-1992), was a French composer.
11429 Messiah is a person who is thought of as a saviour or liberator by his or her followers.
11430 Messier, Charles (1730-1817), was a French astronomer.
11431
Messina (pop. 231,693) is the third largest city in Sicily, an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea.
11432 Messina, Strait of, is a stretch of water separating the island of Sicily from Italy.
11433 Mestizo is a Spanish word that comes from the Latin mixtus, meaning mixed.
11434 Mestrovic, Ivan (1883-1962), a Croatian sculptor, often used strong religious and patriotic themes in his
work.
11435 Metabolism is the sum of the chemical processes by which cells produce the materials and energy
necessary for life.
11436 Metal forms a large part of the earth on which we live.
11437 Metal detector is an instrument used to locate hidden or lost metal objects.
11438 Metal fatigue is the gradual weakening of metal after extensive use.
11439 Metallography is the study of the internal structure of metals and alloys.
11440 Metallurgy is the science of separating metals from their ores and preparing them for use.
11441 Metamorphic rock is rock that has been changed by heat or by heat and pressure.
11442 Metamorphism is the set of processes by which rocks are changed in form.
11443 Metamorphosis is a Greek word that means transformation.
11444 Metaphor, a figure of speech, is an expression taken from one field of experience and used to say
something in another field.
11445 Metaphysical poets is the name given to certain English poets of the 1600's who were influenced by
John Donne, the most important member of the group.
11446 Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the basic nature of reality.
11447 Metaxas, Joannes (1871-1941), was dictator of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941.
11448 Metcalf, John (1717-1810), was one of the first to build properly designed roads in Britain.
11449 Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus (1785-1846).
11450 Metchnikoff, Elie (1845-1916), was a great Russian biologist.
11451 Meteor is a bright streak of light that appears briefly in the sky.
11452 Meteorology is the study of the earth's atmosphere and the variations in atmospheric conditions that
produce weather.
11453 Methadone is a drug used in experimental programmes that are aimed at helping people overcome
addiction to such narcotics as heroin, morphine, or opium.
11454 Methamphetamine is a powerful drug nicknamed "speed." It quickly produces feelings of joy, strength,
and alertness.
11455 Methane is an important industrial compound that makes up a large part of natural gas.
11456 Methanol is a type of alcohol used for many industrial purposes.
11457 Methodists belong to those Protestant denominations that trace their beginnings to John Wesley, a
clergyman of the Church of England.
11458 Methuselah was the son of Enoch, the father of Lamech, and the grandfather of Noah in the Old
Testament.
11459 Metonymy. We often use words figuratively, rather than literally.
11460 Metre, spelled meter in the United States, is the base unit of length in the metric system.
11461 Metre, in poetry, is the number of feet in a line of verse.
11462 Metric system is a group of units used to make any kind of measurement, such as length, temperature,
time, or weight.
11463 Metronome is an instrument that beats time for musicians.
11464 Metropolitan is the title of an archbishop of the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
11465 Metropolitan area is a densely populated region, consisting of a central city area and the developed
areas that surround it.
11466 Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City is the largest art museum in the United States.
11467 Metternich (1773-1859) served as Austrian minister of foreign affairs from 1809 to 1848.
11468 Metz (pop. 114,232; met. area 190,000) is a French manufacturing centre located about 280 kilometres
northeast of Paris.
11469 Meuse River rises in the Langres Plateau of eastern France, and flows north past Verdun through the
Ardennes highlands.
11470 Mexicali (pop. 601,938) is the capital and one of the largest cities of the Mexican state of Baja California
Norte.
11471 Mexican hairless is a dog that has no coat of hair.
11472 Mexican War (1846-1848) was fought between the United States and Mexico over disagreements that
had been accumulating for two decades.
11473 Mexico is the northernmost country of Latin America.
11474 Mexico City is the capital of Mexico and one of the largest cities in the world.
11475 Meyer, Albert Gregory Cardinal (1903-1965), a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, became
archbishop of Chicago in 1958.
11476 Meyer, Julius Lothar (1830-1895), a German chemist, showed the relation between the atomic weights
and properties of the elements.
11477 Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791-1864), was one of the most popular opera composers of his day.
11478 Meynell is the name of a family of English writers.
11479 Mfecane, also known as Difagane, was a period of upheaval leading to mass migrations among African
chiefdoms of southern Africa between 1819 and 1838.
11480 Miami, Florida (pop. 358,548; met. area pop. 1,937,094) is a world-famous resort city in the United
States.
11481 Mica is the name of a group of minerals that contain atoms of aluminium, oxygen, and silicon bonded
together into flat sheets.
11482 Micah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, named after a Hebrew prophet.
11483 Michael, Saint, is one of four archangels mentioned in both Jewish and Christian scriptures.
11484 Michaelmas is a festival held on September 29 in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, and on
November 8 in the Greek, Armenian, and Coptic churches.
11485 Michel, Robert Henry (1923-...), a Republican politician, served as minority leader of the United States
House of Representatives from 1981 until 1995.
11486 Michelangelo (1475-1564) was one of the most famous artists in history.
11487
Michelet, Jules (1798-1874), a French historian, is best known for his 19-volume History of France.
11488 Michell, Keith (1928-...), an Australian-born actor, won critical acclaim for his portrayal of King Henry VIII
in the British television series The Six Wives of Henry VIII in 1970.
11489
Michelson, Albert Abraham (1852-1931), was the first American citizen to win a Nobel Prize for science.
11490 Michener, James Albert (1907-1997), an American author, won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for fiction for his
collection of stories, Tales of the South Pacific (1947).
11491 Michigan is an important industrial state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.
11492 Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms.
11493 Microcrystalline wax is widely used in making special types of paper for packaging.
11494 Microencapsulation is the process of enclosing a substance in a capsule so that the substance can be
easily released.
11495 Microfilm is a kind of photographic film on which reduced images of printed and other materials are
recorded.
11496 Micrometer is a mechanical device that measures small distances or angles.
11497 Micrometre, also called micron, is a metric unit of length.
11498 Micronesia, Federated States of, is a country in the North Pacific Ocean.
11499 Microphone is a device that changes sound into electric energy.
11500 Microprocessor is the device that does the actual computing in a computer.
11501 Microscope is an instrument that magnifies extremely small objects so they can be seen easily.
11502 Microtome is a device used to cut materials very thin so that they can be seen in cross section under a
microscope.
11503 Microtomy originally meant microscopic cutting.
11504 Microwave is a short radio wave.
11505 Microwave oven is an appliance that heats food by penetrating it with short radio waves.
11506 Midas was a character in Greek mythology.
11507 Middle age refers to an arbitrary period in a person's life between adulthood and old age.
11508 Middle Ages were the period between ancient and modern times in western Europe.
11509
Middle America is a term geographers use for the area between the United States and South America.
11510 Middle class is a group of people between the upper class and the lower class in a society.
11511 Middle East is a large region that covers parts of northern Africa, southwestern Asia, and southeastern
Europe.
11512
Middleback Ranges lie 41.5 kilometres west of Whyalla on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.
11513 Middlesbrough (pop. 141,700), is an industrial port and unitary authority with all the local government
powers within its boundaries in northeastern England.
11514 Middlesex was a small, densely populated county of England that was abolished as an administrative
area in 1965.
11515 Middleton, Rawdon Hume (1916-1942), an Australian airman, was awarded the Victoria Cross after his
death in World War II (1939-1945).
11516 Middleton, Thomas (1570?-1627), was an English playwright whose work was popular both during his
lifetime and during the later 1600's.
11517 Midge is any of a large family of small flies.
11518 Midlands, The, is a geographical region in the centre of England.
11519 Midlothian (pop. 77,969) is a local government area in southeastern Scotland.
11520
Midnight sun is a term used for the sun when it can be seen 24 hours a day in the earth's polar regions.
11521 Midway Island lies 2,090 kilometres northwest of Honolulu in the Pacific Ocean.
11522 Midwife is someone who looks after women during their pregnancy and postnatal period.
11523 Midwife toad is a small toad native to central and southwestern Europe.
11524 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig (1886-1969), was one of the most influential architects of the 1900's.
11525 Mignonette is an attractive garden plant of Europe and North America.
11526
Migraine is a type of headache that causes a severe, throbbing pain, often on only one side of the head.
11527 Migration, in biology, is the movement of animals to a place that offers better living conditions.
11528
Mihajlovic, Draza (1893?-1946), was a Yugoslav resistance leader during World War II (1939-1945).
11529 Mikado was the ancient title of the emperor of Japan.
11530
Miki, Takeo (1907-1988), served as prime minister of Japan from December 1974 to December 1976.
11531 Mikoyan, Anastas, (1895-1978), was an important official of the Communist Party and the government of
the Soviet Union.
11532 Milan (pop. 1,369,231) is the second largest city in Italy.
11533 Milan Cathedral in Milan, Italy, is the third largest church in Europe.
11534 Milan Decree was a fundamental step in Napoleon's Continental System, a blockade against Great
Britain.
11535 Mildew is a fungus that attacks plants and some products made from plants and animals.
11536 Mildura (pop. 39,058) is a city in northwestern Victoria, Australia, located about 557 kilometres from
Melbourne.
11537 Mile is a unit of length.
11538 Miles, Lord (1907-1991), was a British actor, author, and producer.
11539 Miles, John Campbell (1883-1965), an Australian prospector, discovered an outcrop of silver-lead ore in
Queensland in 1923 and named it Mount Isa.
11540 Miletus was one of the largest cities of ancient Greece.
11541 Milford Sound, on the west coast of the South Island, New Zealand, is one of the country's best-known
tourist attractions.
11542 Milhaud, Darius (1892-1974), was a French-born composer noted for his works for the stage.
11543 Military science is the study of scientific principles which control the conduct of war.
11544 Milk is the most nourishing of all foods and a favourite drink of people throughout the world.
11545 Milk snake is one species of North American king snake.
11546 Milking machine is a device that milks cows.
11547 Milkweed is the name of more than 100 kinds of plants that have tufts of silky hairs on the seeds and
contain a milky juice.
11548 Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the sun, the earth, and the rest of our solar system.
11549 Mill was the family name of three famous British writers--father, son, and the son's wife.
11550 Millais, Sir John Everett (1829-1896), an English painter, helped found the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
in 1848.
11551 Millan, Bruce (1927-...), a Scottish politician, served as the Labour secretary of state for Scotland from
1976 to 1979.
11552 Millay, Edna St. Vincent (1892-1950), was an American poet.
11553 Millennium means any period of 1,000 years.
11554 Miller, Arthur (1915-...), is a leading American playwright.
11555 Miller, Glenn (1904-1944), was a popular American dance band leader, arranger, and trombonist.
11556 Miller, Henry (1891-1980), became one of the most controversial American authors of his time.
11557 Miller, Jonathan (1934-...), is a British actor, writer, and director.
11558 Miller, Keith (1919-...), one of Australia's finest all- round cricketers of the 1940's and 1950's, was an
aggressive batsman and a hostile fast-bowler.
11559 Miller, Robin (1940-1975), an Australian nurse and pilot worked in Western Australia for the Royal Flying
Doctor Service.
11560 Milles, Carl Wilhelm Emil (1875-1955), was a Swedish-American sculptor.
11561 Millet is any one of a group of grasses that produce small, edible seeds.
11562 Millet, Jean Francois (1814-1875), a French artist, was the most significant painter of peasant life of the
1800's.
11563 Millikan, Robert Andrews (1868-1953), an American physicist, was one of the most illustrious U.S.
scientists.
11564 Million is a thousand 1,000's.
11565 Millipede, also spelled millepede, is a wormlike, many-legged animal.
11566 Mills is the name of two Australian sealers and whalers.
11567 Mills, Freddie (1919-1965), a British professional boxer, was world light heavyweight champion from
1948 to 1950.
11568 Mills, Wilbur Daigh (1909-1992), was a United States Democratic congressman from Arkansas.
11569 Mills Cross Telescope is a fixed radio telescope at the Cornell-Sydney University Astronomy Centre at
Hoskinstown, near Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
11570
Milne, A. A. (1882-1956), an English author, became famous for his children's stories and poems.
11571 Milner, Viscount (1854-1925), a British diplomat, was a colonial administrator in southern Africa.
11572 Milos, or Melos, is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
11573 Milosevic, Slobodan (1941-...), was president of Serbia, one of the republics that make up Yugoslavia,
from 1989 to 1997.
11574 Milstein, Nathan (1904-1992), was a well-known and beloved violinist.
11575 Miltiades (540?-488? B.C.) was a famous general of ancient Athens.
11576 Milton, John (1608-1674), was an English poet and political writer.
11577 Milton Keynes (pop. 172,300), is a new town in southern England.
11578 Milwaukee (pop. 628,088) is the largest city in Wisconsin in the United States, and one of the country's
major industrial centres.
11579 Mime is acting without words.
11580 Mimicry is the condition in which one living organism closely resembles, or mimics, its surroundings or
another animal or plant.
11581 Mimosa is the name of a group of trees, shrubs, and herbs which have featherlike leaves.
11582 Min min is the Aboriginal name for the Australian outback will-o'-the-wisp--a strange light that sometimes
hovers over marshy ground.
11583
Minaret is a tall, usually slender, tower attached to the Muslim house of worship, called a mosque.
11584 Minch, The, is the broad strait in Scotland that separates the Isle of Lewis with Harris, of the Hebrides
group, from the western mainland of Scotland.
11585
Mind. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and philosophers have held many views on the nature of the mind.
11586 Mind reading is a term loosely applied to various forms of extrasensory perception (ESP), especially
telepathy and clairvoyance.
11587 Mindanao is the second largest island of the Philippine Archipelago.
11588 Mindszenty, Joseph Cardinal (1892-1975), a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, was a religious
leader in Hungary.
11589 Mine warfare is the use of explosive devices called mines to kill enemy troops and destroy their ships,
tanks, and other equipment.
11590 Miner, Jack (1865-1944), was a Canadian bird conservationist.
11591 Mineral is the most common solid material found on the earth.
11592 Mineral oil is a clear, colourless, oily liquid with almost no taste or smell.
11593 Mineral sands in Australia. Sand dunes of eastern and southwestern Australia contain large low-grade
deposits of the heavy minerals rutile, ilmenite, zircon, and monazite.
11594
Mineral water, also called aerated water, is spring water with a high content of mineral matter or of gas.
11595 Minerva was one of the most important goddesses in ancient Roman mythology.
11596 Minesweeper is a ship or helicopter that clears away or destroys naval mines.
11597 Ming dynasty ruled China from A.D. 1368 to 1644, a period of Chinese rule between two foreign
conquests.
11598 Miniature bull terrier is a small, muscular dog.
11599 Miniature pinscher is a toy dog of the terrier family.
11600 Miniature schnauzer is a breed of dog that originated in Germany in the 1800's.
11601 Minim is the smallest unit of fluid measure in the apothecaries' system of measurement.
11602 Minimata disease is the name of a type of mercury poisoning.
11603
Minimum wage is the smallest amount of money per hour that an employer may legally pay a worker.
11604 Mining is the process of taking mineral and other substances from the earth.
11605 Minister, in international relations, is a diplomatic agent who represents his or her country in a foreign
land.
11606 Minister, in religion, is one who serves.
11607 Ministry, in government, is a body of executive officers who advise the head of a country or directly
control a nation's affairs.
11608 Mink is a small mammal with a slender body and short legs.
11609 Minneapolis (pop. 368,383) is the largest city in the state of Minnesota, in the United States, and a major
Midwestern centre of finance, industry, trade, and transportation.
11610
Minnesinger was one of a group of German love poets who flourished from the 1100's to the 1300's.
11611 Minnesota is the largest of the Midwestern States of the United States in area.
11612 Minnow is a common name for fish in the carp and minnow family.
11613 Minor is a person who is under legal age.
11614 Minorca, also spelled Menorca, is the second largest island of the Balearic Islands.
11615 Minority group is a group of people who differ in some ways from the principal group in a society.
11616 Minos was the king of Crete in Greek mythology.
11617 Minot, George Richards (1885-1950), an American doctor, was one of the world's greatest authorities on
blood diseases.
11618 Minotaur, in Greek mythology, was a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man.
11619 Minsk (pop. 1,442,000) is the capital of Belarus.
11620 Minstrel is a term most broadly used to refer to professional entertainers who flourished in Europe during
the Middle Ages.
11621 Minstrel show was the first uniquely American form of show business.
11622 Mint is a place where coins are made.
11623 Mint is the name of a whole family of plants.
11624 Minto, Earl of (1845-1914), was a British colonial administrator who served as governor general of
Canada from 1898 to 1904.
11625 Minto, John (1951-...), a New Zealand schoolteacher, was prominent in New Zealand as the national
leader of HART (Halt All Racist Tours) from 1980 to 1985.
11626 Mintoff, Dom (1916-...), a leader of the Maltese Labour Party, was prime minister of Malta from 1955 to
1958, when Malta was a colony of the United Kingdom (UK).
11627
Minuet is a formal dance that was popular in European courts during the late 1600's and the 1700's.
11628 Minuit, Peter (1580-1638), was a Dutch colonial governor.
11629 Minute is a unit used to measure both time and angles.
11630 Minuteman was a volunteer organized into military companies and trained to bear arms in the years just
before the American Revolution.
11631 Mira, a giant red star, was one of the first stars of variable brightness to be discovered.
11632 Mira Bai was a poetess who lived in Rajasthan, northern India, in the 1500's.
11633 Mirabeau, Comte de (1749-1791), was a French statesman, orator, and revolutionary leader.
11634 Miracle is an event that cannot be explained through the known laws of nature.
11635 Miracle play is a form of religious drama which was popular in the Middle Ages.
11636 Mirage is a type of optical illusion.
11637 Miranda, Francisco de (1750-1816), a Venezuelan patriot, fought in the American, French, and Spanish-
American revolutions.
11638 Miro, Joan (1893-1983), was a Spanish painter who developed an imaginative and extremely personal
style.
11639 Mirror is any smooth surface that reflects most of the light striking it.
11640 Miscarriage, also called spontaneous abortion, is the accidental or natural ending of a pregnancy before
a fetus (developing baby) can live outside its mother's body.
11641 Mishima, Yukio (1925-1970), was the pseudonym (assumed name) of a Japanese novelist whose work
celebrates the ancient Samurai warrior customs.
11642 Miskolc (pop. 211,660) is a city in Hungary.
11643 Missile boat is a small, fast warship that carries guided missiles for attacking enemy ships.
11644 Missionary is a person sent by a religious group to convert others to his or her faith.
11645 Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States.
11646 Mississippi River is one of the chief rivers of North America and the second-longest river in the United
States.
11647 Mississippi Scheme was a wild financial project formulated in France in 1717.
11648 Missouri is an industrial and farming state in the Midwest region of the United States.
11649 Missouri River is the longest river in the United States.
11650 Mistletoe is a plant which grows as a parasite on the trunks and branches of various trees.
11651 Mistral is a swift, dry, cold northerly wind that blows down from the western Alps and the plateau of
southern France and out over the Mediterranean.
11652
Mistral, Frederic (1830-1914), was a famous French poet who won the 1904 Nobel Prize for literature.
11653 Mistral, Gabriela (1889-1957), was the pen name of Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, a Chilean poet and
educator.
11654 Mitanni was an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia.
11655
Mitchell, Arthur (1934-...), was the first black American to dance with a major classical ballet company.
11656 Mitchell, Billy (1879-1936), an American army general, became one of the most controversial figures in
American military history.
11657 Mitchell, David Scott (1836-1907), a wealthy Australian collector of books, paintings, and other
Australian artefacts, bequeathed his collection, together with a substantial endowment, to the Public
Library of New South Wales in 1907.
11658 Mitchell, Edgar Dean (1930-...), a United States astronaut, was the lunar module pilot on the Apollo 14
space flight.
11659 Mitchell, James (1946-...), an Irish Fine Gael politician, was the minister responsible for transport, post,
and telecommunications from 1982 until 1987.
11660 Mitchell, Margaret (1900-1949), an American author, wrote Gone with the Wind (1936), one of the most
popular novels of all time.
11661 Mitchell, Reginald Joseph (1895-1937), was a British aeronautical engineer who designed the Spitfire,
Britain's leading fighter aircraft of World War II.
11662 Mitchell, Dame Roma (1913-...), in 1962, became the first Australian woman to be admitted as a queen's
counsel.
11663 Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone (1792-1855), a surveyor general of New South Wales, Australia, led
four expeditions of exploration and carried out surveys of eastern Australia.
11664 Mitchell, Wesley Clair (1874-1948), was an American economist known for his studies of the rise and fall
in business activity.
11665 Mitchell grass is a valuable Australian fodder grass named after the Scottish-born explorer Sir Thomas
Mitchell.
11666 Mitchell Library, in Sydney, New South Wales, is a research collection of more than 200,000 printed
books and many thousands of manuscripts, maps, drawings, prints, and photographs relating to
Australia.
11667 Mitchison, Naomi (1897-...), a British writer, won fame for several novels set in ancient Greece and
Egypt.
11668 Mite is the common name for a type of small animal related to ticks.
11669 Mitford is the surname of an aristocratic English family.
11670 Mithra was a god of the tribes of the Aryans who settled in ancient Persia.
11671 Mithridates VI (120?-63 B.C.) was king of Pontus, an area in what is now Turkey.
11672 Mitra, Ramon V. (1929-...), a Filipino political leader, became speaker of the Philippine House of
Representatives in 1987.
11673 Mitral valve prolapse, sometimes called MVP, is a common heart valve disorder.
11674 Mitropoulos, Dimitri (1896-1960), was a Greek-born orchestra and opera conductor.
11675 Mitscher, Marc Andrew (1887-1947), an American naval officer, commanded Task Force 58 in the South
Pacific during World War II (1939-1945).
11676 Mitterrand, Francois Maurice (1916-1996), served as president of France from 1981 to 1995.
11677
Mix, Tom (1880-1940), an American film actor, became one of America's most famous film cowboys.
11678 Mizoram is a state in the far northeast of India.
11679 Mmabatho is the capital of South Africa's North West Province.
11680 Moa is any one of about 13 species (kinds) of extinct birds that once lived on both North and South
Island of New Zealand.
11681 Moabite stone is an ancient stone that bears some of the earliest writing in Hebrew-Phoenician
characters.
11682 Mobile (pop. 196,278; met. area pop. 476,923), is the second largest city and only seaport in Alabama,
U.S.A. Mobile is one of the busiest United States ports.
11683 Mobile is a type of sculpture that originated during the early 1900's.
11684 Mobile home is a movable, factory-built house.
11685 Mobile library is a shelf-lined buslike or vanlike motor vehicle stocked with books and other materials and
used for providing lending library services to a local community.
11686 Mobius, August Ferdinand (1790-1868), was a German astronomer and mathematician.
11687 Mobius strip is a continuous loop with a half-twist in it.
11688
Mobutu Sese Seko (1930-1997) was president of the central African country of Zaire from 1965 to 1997.
11689 Moccasin is a soft, slipperlike shoe originally worn by North American Indians.
11690 Moche was a culture that flourished in the coastal desert of what is now northern Peru from the A.D.
100's to the 700's.
11691 Mock orange, sometimes called syringa, is a bush covered with clusters of small, single or double, white
or creamy flowers.
11692 Mockingbird is an American bird famous for its ability to imitate the sounds of other birds.
11693 Mockridge, Russell (1928-1958) was an Australian cyclist.
11694 Mode, in statistics, is that value in any group that occurs most frequently.
11695 Model Parliament was the English parliament that met at Westminster in 1295.
11696 Modem is a device that enables computers to transmit and receive information via telephone.
11697 Modigliani, Amedeo (1884-1920), was an important Italian artist of the early 1900's.
11698 Modotti, Tina (1896-1942), was an Italian-born photographer and model.
11699
Moe (pop. 16,718), is a city in Victoria, Australia, located at the head of the La Trobe and Tanjil rivers.
11700 Moeraki boulders are a collection of stones lying on a beach on the coast of Otago in the South Island of
New Zealand.
11701 Moffat, Robert (1795-1883), a Scottish missionary, devoted his life in South Africa to educating the
Tswana people and converting them to Christianity.
11702 Moffatt, James (1870-1944), a Scottish Biblical scholar, translated the Bible into contemporary, colloquial
English.
11703 Mogadishu (pop. 750,000) is the capital and largest city of the east African country of Somalia.
11704 Mohair is the name given to the hair of the Angora goat.
11705 Mohammad, Hanif (1934-...), a Pakistan cricketer, was perhaps the best of the four Mohammad brothers
who played test cricket for Pakistan.
11706 Mohammad, Mushtaq (1943-...), a Pakistan cricketer, was the most versatile of the four Mohammad
brothers who played test cricket for their country.
11707 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919-1980) was the shah (king) of Iran from 1941 to 1979.
11708 Mohammed Eunos bin Abdullah (1876-1934), became known as "the father of Malay journalism." He
helped to establish Utusan Melayu (Malay Courier) and made it into an influential paper.
11709 Mohiddin, Abdul Latiff (1938-...), is a renowned Malaysian artist and poet.
11710 Mohl, Hugo von (1805-1872), was a German botanist who helped develop the cell theory.
11711 Moi, Daniel Toroitich arap (1924-...), became president of Kenya in 1978.
11712 Moire pattern is a pattern of lines formed when two regularly spaced patterns overlap but are not
aligned.
11713 Moiseiwitsch, Benno (1890-1963), was a talented Russian-born pianist.
11714 Mojave Desert is a vast desert wasteland in southeastern California, U.S.A., covering about 65,000
square kilometres.
11715 Molasses is a thick, sweet, sticky syrup.
11716 Moldova is a country in south-central Europe bordered by Romania on the west and by Ukraine on the
other three sides.
11717 Mole is a small, thick-bodied mammal that lives underground.
11718 Mole is a unit used in chemistry to measure the amount of a substance.
11719 Mole is a coloured growth on the skin.
11720 Mole Creek caves are a series of limestone caves in Tasmania, Australia.
11721 Mole cricket is a large cricket that burrows in the ground like a mole.
11722 Mole-rat is a type of small rodent.
11723 Mole Valley (pop. 77,400) is a local government district in Surrey, England, administered from the old
market town of Dorking.
11724 Molecular biology is the study of those molecules that direct molecular processes in cells.
11725 Molecule is one of the basic units of matter.
11726 Moliere (1622-1673) was the stage name of Jean Baptiste Poquelin, the greatest French writer of
comedy.
11727 Molle, George James (1773-1823), was a British military officer and lieutenant governor of New South
Wales, Australia.
11728 Molloy, Georgiana (1805-1843), was a botanist and a member of a pioneering family in Western
Australia.
11729 Mollusc is a soft-bodied animal that has no bones.
11730 Molnar, Ferenc (1878-1952), became the most widely known Hungarian dramatist of his time.
11731 Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (1890-1986), became widely known during two terms as foreign
minister of the Soviet Union.
11732 Moltke, Helmuth Karl von (1800-1891), was a Prussian military genius.
11733 Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo.
11734 Molyneaux, James Henry (1920-...), an Irish politician, became leader of the Ulster Unionist Party in
1979.
11735 Mombasa (pop. 442,369) is the second largest city of Kenya, after Nairobi.
11736
Moment, in physics, is the product of a quantity multiplied by a particular distance from a fulcrum, or axis.
11737 Momentum, in physics, was called by Newton the quantity of motion of a moving body.
11738 Mommsen, Theodor (1918-1903), a German historian, won the 1902 Nobel Prize for literature.
11739 Monaco is one of the smallest countries in the world.
11740 Monaghan is a county in the north of the Republic of Ireland.
11741 Monarchy is a form of government in which one person who inherits, or is elected to, a throne is head of
state for life.
11742 Monash, Sir John (1865-1931), was a leading Australian military commander in World War I (1914-
1918).
11743 Monastery is a place where men live together ruled by religious vows.
11744 Monasticism is a special form of religious community life.
11745 Monazite is a heavy, yellow-brown mineral.
11746 Monck, Viscount (1819-1894), was the first governor general of the Dominion of Canada.
11747 Moncrieff, Gladys (1892-1976), was one of Australia's greatest musical comedy stars.
11748 Mond, Ludwig (1839-1909), a German-born British chemist, helped form the chemical firm now known
as Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI).
11749 Monday is the second day of the week.
11750 Mondrian, Piet (1872-1944), was a Dutch painter.
11751 Monds, Thomas Wilkes (1829-1916), an Australian miller, bought a watermill at Carrick, Tasmania, in
1867 and established a complete oatmeal plant in 1880.
11752 Monel metal is an important alloy of nickel and copper.
11753 Moneran is a group of primitive one-celled organisms.
11754 Monet, Claude (1840-1926), a French painter, was a leader of the impressionist movement.
11755 Money is anything that is generally accepted by people in exchange for the things they sell or the work
they do.
11756 Money market fund is a mutual fund that invests only in short-term securities.
11757 Mongol Empire was the biggest land empire in history.
11758 Mongolia is a country that lies between China and Russia in east-central Asia.
11759 Mongoose is the name of several closely related small animals that live in Africa, India, southern Asia,
and southern Europe.
11760 Monitor is the name of a group of about 30 kinds of lizards that live in the Solomon Islands, New Guinea,
Australia, the East Indies, southern Asia, and Africa.
11761 Monitor and Merrimack were two ships that fought a famous naval battle in the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
11762 Moniz, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas (1874-1955), shared the 1949 Nobel Prize for physiology
or medicine.
11763
Monk is a man who has separated himself from ordinary ways of life to devote himself to his religion.
11764 Monk, George (1608-1670), was an English general and naval commander.
11765 Monk, Thelonious (1917-1982), was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader.
11766
Monkey is one of many kinds of small, lively mammals that are among the most intelligent animals.
11767 Monkey flower is the name given to a large group of herbs and small shrubs that have flowers with two
lips, or two large petals growing one over the other.
11768 Monkey puzzle tree, or Chile pine, is a conifer which can grow up to 50 metres tall.
11769 Monklands (pop. 101,151), is a Scottish local government district in Strathclyde Region.
11770 Monmouth (pop. 75,000) is a local government district in Gwent, Wales.
11771 Monmouth, Duke of (1649-1685) was an Englishman who led an unsuccessful rebellion against King
James II (see JAMES [James II]).
11772 Monmouthshire is a United Kingdom local government area in South Wales.
11773 Monnet, Jean (1888-1979), a French businessman and statesman, led the movement to unify Western
Europe in the 1950's and 1960's.
11774 Monoclonal antibody is a specialized type of protein molecule produced in the laboratory.
11775 Monocotyledon is a type of flowering plant that has one cotyledon (leafy structure within the plant's
seed).
11776 Monod, Jacques (1910-1976), a French biochemist, shared the 1965 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine with Francois Jacob and Andre Lwoff.
11777 Monomer is a small molecule that can combine with other monomers to form larger molecules called
polymers.
11778 Monopolies and Mergers Commission investigates monopoly and merger conditions in British industry
and the professions.
11779 Monopoly and competition are two kinds of business conditions.
11780 Monorail is a railway that has only one rail.
11781 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a salt used in the preparation and processing of many foods.
11782 Monotype is a machine used to produce metal type for printing.
11783 Monroe, James (1758-1831), was president of the United States from 1817 to 1825.
11784 Monroe, Marilyn (1926-1962), was an American film actress.
11785 Monroe Doctrine was set forth by President James Monroe in a message he delivered to the Congress
of the United States on Dec. 2, 1823.
11786 Monroney, A. S. Mike (1902-1980), was an American politician.
11787 Monrovia (pop. 421,058) is the capital and chief city of the west African country of Liberia.
11788 Mons (pop. 91,868) is in western Belgium.
11789 Monsarrat, Nicholas (1910-1979), was a British author.
11790 Monsignor is an honorary title given to certain clergymen of the Roman Catholic Church.
11791 Monsoon is a seasonal wind that blows over the northern part of the Indian Ocean, especially the
Arabian Sea, and over most of the surrounding land areas.
11792 Monstera is the name of about 20 species of large woody vines from tropical America.
11793 Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps and one of the most famous peaks in Europe.
11794 Mont Pelee is an active volcano on the northern end of Martinique in the French West Indies.
11795 Mont-Saint-Michel is a large rock which juts from the waters of Mont-Saint-Michel Bay off the
northwestern coast of France.
11796 Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533-1592), a French writer, is considered by many the creator of the
personal essay.
11797 Montana (pop. 803,655) is a state in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States.
11798 Montcalm, Marquis de (1712-1759), a French general, was killed in one of the last great battles of the
Seven Years War (1756-1763) in America between the French and British.
11799
Monte Bello Islands are a group of small coral islands off the northwestern coast of Western Australia.
11800 Monte Carlo (pop. 11,599) is the tourist region of the principality of Monaco.
11801 Monte Cassino is an abbey in Italy, located between Rome and Naples.
11802 Monte Cristo is a small, barren Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea.
11803 Montego Bay (pop. 85,552) is the second-largest city in Jamaica.
11804 Montenegro is one of the two republics of Yugoslavia.
11805 Monterrey (pop. 1,069,238; met. area pop. 2,521,697) is one of Mexico's largest cities.
11806 Montesquieu (1689-1755) was a French philosopher.
11807 Montessori, Maria (1870-1952), was an Italian educator and doctor.
11808 Montessori method is an educational system designed to aid children in the development of intelligence
and independence.
11809 Monteux, Pierre (1875-1964), was a leading French conductor of the 1900's.
11810 Monteverdi, Claudio (1567-1643), was an Italian composer.
11811 Montevideo (pop. 1,247,920), is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Uruguay.
11812 Montez, Lola (1818-1861) was an Irish actress and dancer.
11813 Montezuma was the name of two Aztec rulers of Mexico (see AZTEC).
11814 Montfort, Simon de (1208?-1265), an English statesman and soldier, contributed to the growth of
parliamentary government in England.
11815 Montgolfier brothers were French papermakers who invented the hot-air balloon.
11816 Montgomery (pop. 187,106; met. area 292,517) is the state capital of Alabama and an agricultural centre
of the southern United States.
11817
Montgomery, Bernard Law (1887-1976), was a British Army commander in World War II (1939-1945).
11818 Montgomeryshire (pop. 52,000) is a local government district in the north of Powys, Wales.
11819 Month. The calendar year is divided into 12 parts, each of which is called a month.
11820 Montreal (pop. 1,017,666; met. area 3,127,242) competes with Toronto as Canada's largest city.
11821 Montrose, Marquess of (1612-1650), James Graham Montrose, was a leading Scottish supporter of the
Royalist cause during the English Civil War in the middle and late 1640's.
11822 Monts, Sieur de (1560?-1630?), a French explorer and colonizer, founded a settlement in the region of
Acadia in Canada.
11823 Montserrat is a dependency of the United Kingdom (UK) in the Caribbean Sea.
11824 Montserrat is a Benedictine monastery about 48 kilometres northwest of Barcelona, Spain.
11825 Monument is a structure, usually a building or statue, built in memory of a person or an event.
11826 Mood, or mode, is a grammatical term applied to verb forms that distinguish among certain kinds of
meaning.
11827 Mood is a person's state of mind or outlook on life.
11828 Moody, Dwight Lyman (1837-1899), was an American evangelist.
11829 Moody, Harold (1882-1947), was a champion of equal rights, particularly in employment and housing, for
people of African origin living in the United Kingdom (UK).
11830 Moon is the earth's nearest neighbour in space.
11831 Moon rat is the name of five species of insect-eating mammals from China and Southeast Asia.
11832 Mooney, Edward Francis Cardinal (1882-1958), was an American religious leader.
11833 Moonflower is an attractive tropical American flower in the morning-glory family.
11834 Moonie, in southwestern Queensland, was the first commercial oilfield in Australia.
11835 Moonlight, Captain (1842-1880), was the name adopted by Andrew George Scott, the only highly
educated bushranger to operate in Australia.
11836 Moonstone is a whitish variety of the mineral called feldspar (see FELDSPAR).
11837 Moor is a large area of open uncultivated land.
11838 Moore, Anne Carroll (1871-1961), was an American librarian and editor of children's books.
11839
Moore, Bobby (1941-1993), an English soccer player, won fame as captain of the England side that won
the 1966 World Cup when England beat West Germany 4-2 in the cup final at Wembley Stadium.
11840 Moore, Clement Clarke (1779-1863), an American scholar, is generally considered the author of the
popular Christmas ballad "An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas." The ballad is also known as "A Visit
from St. Nicholas" and by its first line, " 'T
11841 Moore, George Augustus (1852-1933), was an Irish author.
11842 Moore, George Edward (1873-1958), a British philosopher, influenced many contemporary philosophers
in the United Kingdom.
11843 Moore, Gerald (1899-1987), was a British pianist who achieved fame through his brilliant skill as an
accompanist.
11844 Moore, Henry (1898-1986), was an English sculptor.
11845 Moore, Sir John (1761-1809), was a British soldier.
11846 Moore, Marianne (1887-1972), ranks with Emily Dickinson among America's finest woman poets.
11847 Moore, Patrick (1923-...), spread the popularity of astronomy, particularly in Britain, through his regular
television broadcasts.
11848 Moore, Thomas (1779-1852), an Irish poet, wrote the words for some of the best-loved songs in the
English language.
11849 Moorehead, Alan (1910-1983), an Australian journalist and author, won fame as a war correspondent
during World War II (1939-1945).
11850 Moorer, Thomas Hinman (1912-...), an admiral in the U.S. Navy, was Chief of Naval Operations from
1967, until President Richard Nixon named him chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1970.
11851 Moors. In ancient history, the Romans called the people of northwestern Africa Mauri and the region
they lived in Mauretania.
11852 Moose is the North American name for the largest member of the deer family.
11853 Moot is the old English term for a public meeting.
11854 Mora, Juan Rafael (1814-1860), served as president of Costa Rica from 1849 to 1859.
11855 Moraine is the earth and stones that a glacier carries along and deposits when the ice melts.
11856 Morale is the general attitude or outlook of an individual or a group toward a specific situation.
11857 Morality play is a form of drama that flourished in the 1400's.
11858 Moran, Lord (1882-1977), a British doctor, became famous as Sir Winston Churchill's doctor during
World War II (1939-1945).
11859 Morant, Harry (1865-1902), was an English immigrant to Australia.
11860 Morant, Sir Robert Laurie (1863-1920), an English civil servant, drafted the important 1902 Education
Act.
11861 Moratin, Leandro Fernandez de (1760-1828), was a writer, poet, and scholar.
11862 Moratorium is a legal postponement of the time for payment of debts or financial obligations.
11863 Moravia is a geographic region of the Czech Republic.
11864 Moravia, Alberto (1907-1990), an Italian author, was one of the greatest Italian novelists and short-story
writers of the 1900's.
11865 Moravian Church is a Protestant denomination that was formed after the death of religious reformer John
Hus in Bohemia.
11866 Moray (pop. 82,514) is a local government area on the southern side of the Moray Firth, in northeastern
Scotland.
11867 Moray Firth is an inlet on the east coast of northern Scotland.
11868 Morazan, Francisco (1799-1842), a Central American soldier and statesman, was elected president of
the United Provinces of Central America in 1830 and served for almost 10 years.
11869 Morceli, Noureddine (1970-...), is an Algerian middle distance runner.
11870 Mordant is a chemical that combines with dyes to prevent them from dissolving easily.
11871 Mordvinoff, Nicolas (1911-1973), a Russian born author, illustrator, and painter, won the Caldeott medal
in 1952 for his illustrations in Finders Keepers, a children's book by William Lipkind.
11872 More, Saint Thomas (1477?-1535), was a great English author, statesman, and scholar.
11873 Moree (pop. 16,912) is a town in northern New South Wales, Australia, located about 644 kilometres by
road from Sydney.
11874 Moreell, Ben (1892-1978), an American naval officer, founded the U.S. Navy Construction Battalions
(CBs), also called the Seabees.
11875 Mores are customs that reflect a society's ideas about right and wrong.
11876 Moreton Bay is a large inlet on the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia, about 29 kilometres
from Brisbane, to whose port on the Brisbane River it forms the gateway.
11877 Moreton Bay fig is a majestic tree that grows naturally in the rainforests of Queensland and New South
Wales, Australia.
11878 Morgagni, Giovanni Battista (1682-1771), an Italian anatomist and pathologist, became known as "the
father of pathologic anatomy." He discovered and described many diseases of the heart and blood
vessels.
11879 Morgan is the family name of three distinguished American bankers.
11880 Morgan, Charles Langbridge (1894-1958), was a British novelist, playwright, and critic.
11881 Morley, Christopher (1890-1957), was a popular American literary journalist.
11882 Morgan, Daniel (1833-1865), was an Australian bushranger.
11883 Morgan, Garrett Augustus (1877-1963), was an American inventor.
11884 Morgan, Sir Henry (1635?-1688), was the most famous English buccaneer (pirate).
11885 Morgan, Justin (1748-1798), was an American who owned and gave his name to a horse, the original
stallion of the breed of Morgan horses.
11886 Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866-1945), an American geneticist, won the 1933 Nobel prize for physiology or
medicine for his work on heredity described in The Theory of the Gene (1926).
11887 Morganwg, Iolo (1746-1826), was the pseudonym of Edward Williams, a Welsh bard (poet and singer)
and antiquarian.
11888 Morike, Eduard (1804-1875), was a German lyric poet.
11889 Moriori. In the 1800's, anthropologists in New Zealand discovered evidence of a local culture that
differed from Maori culture.
11890 Morison, Samuel Eliot (1887-1976), was an American historian, teacher of history, and winner of two
Pulitzer Prizes.
11891 Morisot, Berthe (1841-1895), was a French painter and an important member of the impressionist
movement.
11892
Morland, George (1763-1804), was an English painter who became best known for his rustic scenes.
11893 Morley, Thomas (1557 or 1558-1602), was an English composer of the Renaissance period.
11894 Mormon cricket is not really a cricket but belongs to the family of katydids and long-horned
grasshoppers.
11895
Mormons is the name commonly given to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
11896 Morning-glory is the name of a family made up mainly of climbing plants.
11897 Mornington Island, off the coast of northern Australia, lies in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, 432
kilometres north of Mount Isa.
11898 Morocco is a country in the northwestern corner of Africa.
11899 Moroni (pop. 26,000) is the capital and largest city of Comoros.
11900 Morpheus was a god of dreams in Greek mythology.
11901 Morphine is a drug used to relieve severe pain and to treat several other medical problems.
11902 Morphology is the branch of science that deals with the structure of animals, plants, and nonliving
matter.
11903 Morris, Desmond (1928-...), is a British zoologist.
11904 Morris, Gouverneur (1752-1816), was an American statesman and diplomat.
11905 Morris, William (1834-1896), was an English poet, artist, and socialist reformer.
11906 Morrison, Herbert Stanley (1888-1965), Baron Morrison of Lambeth, was one of the leaders of the British
Labour Party.
11907 Morrison, Toni (1931-...), a black American novelist, won the 1993 Nobel Prize for literature for her
novels.
11908 Morrow, Honore Willsie, (1880?-1940), was an American historical novelist.
11909 Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (1791-1872), was a famous American inventor and painter.
11910 Morse code is a system of sending messages that uses short and long sounds combined in various
ways to represent letters, numerals, and other characters.
11911 Mort, Thomas Sutcliffe (1816-1878), was one of Australia's greatest pioneer businessmen.
11912 Mortar is a short-range weapon that is used to reach nearby targets that are protected by hills or other
obstacles.
11913 Mortgage is a loan agreement that enables a person or company to borrow money to buy a house or
other property.
11914 Mortimer was the name of a noble English family prominent in English history from the 1100's to the
early 1400's.
11915 Mortimer, Harry (1902-1992), became one of the most influential British musicians of his time in brassband
music.
11916 Morton, William Thomas Green (1819-1868), an American dentist, made the first public demonstration of
ether in 1846.
11917 Morwell (pop. 17,763), is an industrial town in the La Trobe Valley in Victoria, Australia (see LA TROBE
VALLEY).
11918
Mosaic is an art form in which small pieces of coloured glass, stone, or other material are set into mortar.
11919 Mosaic disease is the name of a group of plant diseases caused by certain viruses.
11920 Moscow is the capital of Russia and one of the largest cities in the world.
11921 Moscow Art Theatre became one of the most influential theatres of the 1900's.
11922
Moseley, Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys (1887-1915), was an English physicist noted for his research on X rays.
11923 Moselle River, a branch of the Rhine River, rises in the Vosges Mountains in eastern France.
11924 Moses was the principal leader and teacher of the Israelites and one of the most important characters in
the Bible.
11925 Moses, Grandma (1860-1961), was an American primitive painter.
11926 Moshoeshoe (1786?-1870) was an African king who united the Sotho people in southern Africa.
11927 Mosley, Sir Oswald (1896-1980), formed the British Union of Fascists in the 1930's.
11928 Mosque is a building used for Muslim worship.
11929 Mosquito is an insect that spreads some of the worst diseases of people and animals.
11930 Mosquito Coast, also called Mosquitia, is a strip of land that lies along the east coast of Nicaragua and
the northeast coast of Honduras in South America.
11931 Moss is any of a variety of small, green, nonflowering plants found throughout the world.
11932 Moss is the family name of a brother and sister who became leading British motorcar drivers.
11933 Mossbauer, Rudolf Ludwig (1929-...), a German physicist, shared the 1961 Nobel Prize in physics for
research into gamma rays.
11934 Mosul, also called Al Mawsil (pop. 293,100), is Iraq's third largest city and an important commercial
centre.
11935 Moszkowski, Moritz (1854-1925), was a Polish-German pianist and composer.
11936 Motel is an establishment that provides overnight lodging, chiefly for motorists.
11937 Moth is any of a wide variety of insects closely related to butterflies.
11938 Mother Goose is a name that has been associated with children's literature for hundreds of years.
11939 Mother-of-pearl. Certain shellfish, such as pearl oysters, abalones, and freshwater mussels produce
shells lined with a lustrous, rainbow-coloured material.
11940 Mothering Sunday, in England, is the fourth Sunday in Lent.
11941 Mother's Day is set apart every year in honour of motherhood.
11942 Motherwell (pop. 140,320) was a Scottish local government district in Strathclyde Region.
11943 Motherwell, Robert (1915-1991), an American painter, was a leading member of the abstract
expressionist school.
11944 Motion occurs when an object changes its location in space.
11945 Motion sickness is a condition in which motion causes extreme nausea.
11946 Motivation commonly refers to anything that causes people to behave as they do.
11947 Motley, John Lothrop, (1814-1877), an American historian and diplomat, won recognition chiefly for his
historical writings on the Netherlands.
11948 Motivation research tries to learn why people choose things they buy.
11949 Motmot is the name of a family of birds related to kingfishers.
11950 Motorboat racing is an exciting, competitive sport that tests the performance of motorboats and the skill
of drivers.
11951 Motorcycle, also called motorbike, is a two- or three-wheeled vehicle powered by a petrol engine
mounted midway between the front and rear wheels.
11952 Mott, John Raleigh (1865-1955), was an American-born international religious leader.
11953 Mott, Lucretia Coffin (1793-1880), was a leader of the antislavery movement and women's rights
movements in the United States.
11954 Mott, Sir Nevill (1905-...), a British physicist, is a leading authority on the physical explanation of the
properties of solids.
11955
Motuans are a group of about 10,000 people living in and around Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
11956 Mould is a type of fungus that often grows on food.
11957 Moulting is the process by which an animal sheds worn hair, skin, scales, feathers, or fur and grows a
new body covering.
11958 Mound bird, also known as a megapode, is the name of a dozen species of game birds found from the
Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean, eastwards to the Philippines and Australia.
11959 Mound builders were early North American Indians who built large monuments of earth.
11960 Mount Albert Edward is a peak in the Owen-Stanley Range in southeastern Papua New Guinea.
11961 Mount Apo is the highest peak in the Philippines.
11962 Mount Ararat is a mountain in eastern Turkey near Lake Van.
11963 Mount Augustus rises near the Lyons River, and northeast of Carnarvon in Western Australia.
11964 Mount Bartle Frere is the highest peak in Queensland, Australia.
11965 Mount Barrington, also called Barrington Tops, is a large plateau on the edge of Mount Royal Range in
New South Wales, Australia.
11966 Mount Bogong is the highest peak in Victoria, Australia.
11967 Mount Bruce is a peak near the Hamersley Ranges in Western Australia.
11968 Mount Buffalo is an Australian tourist resort and ski centre in the Buffalo Plateau within the Victorian
Alps.
11969 Mount Buller is a resort for snow skiing in Victoria, Australia.
11970 Mount Carmel extends 21 kilometres in northwestern Israel from the Esdraelon Valley to the south coast
of the Bay of Haifa.
11971 Mount Cook is the highest peak in New Zealand.
11972 Mount Egmont is a volcanic mountain near the western coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
11973
Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe, rises to 5,642 metres in the Caucasus Mountains.
11974 Mount Erebus is the most active volcano on the continent of Antarctica.
11975 Mount Etna is one of the most famous volcanoes in the world.
11976 Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
11977 Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan (3,776 metres).
11978 Mount Gambier (pop. 21,156), is the fourth largest city in South Australia.
11979 Mount Hagen (pop. 13,642), is one of the largest towns in the central part of Papua New Guinea.
11980 Mount Isa (pop. 23,348) is a city in northwestern Queensland, Australia, about 966 kilometres west of
Townsville.
11981 Mount Kanchenjunga, also called Kinchinjunga, is the third highest mountain in the world.
11982
Mount Kenya is an extinct volcanic cone in central Kenya, East Africa, 110 kilometres from Nairobi.
11983 Mount Kosciusko is the highest peak in Australia.
11984 Mount Lamington is a volcano in Papua New Guinea that erupted in 1951.
11985
Mount Lofty Ranges are a series of hills extending from Peterborough to Cape Jervis, in South Australia.
11986 Mount Logan is the highest peak in Canada and the second highest peak in North America.
11987 Mount Lyell is an important copper deposit in the ranges of central western Tasmania, Australia, about 6
kilometres northeast of Queenstown.
11988 Mount Macedon is a scenic resort and residential area about 69 kilometres northwest of Melbourne,
Australia.
11989 Mount Makalu is the fourth highest mountain in the world.
11990 Mount Maunganui (pop. 12,375), a town on the northeastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand,
stands at the main entrance to Tauranga Harbour.
11991 Mount McKinley, in Alaska, U.S.A., is sometimes called the top of the continent because it has the
highest peak in North America.
11992 Mount Morgan (pop. 3,093), is a town located in the Dee Mountain Range in northeastern Queensland,
Australia, about 37 kilometres from Rockhampton.
11993 Mount Nebo was the peak in the Mount Pisgah range from which Moses saw the Promised Land.
11994
Mount Newman is one of the main iron ore mining areas in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.
11995 Mount Ngauruhoe is an active volcano in the North Island of New Zealand.
11996 Mount of Olives is a low range of hills about 0.8 kilometre east of Jerusalem.
11997 Mount Ossa is the highest peak in the Australian island state of Tasmania.
11998 Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano in the Zambales Mountains, in the west central region of the
Philippine island of Luzon.
11999 Mount Pisgah is a small mountain range in central Jordan.
12000 Mount Rainier, in Mount Rainier National Park, is the highest mountain in the state of Washington,
U.S.A. Gassy fumes still rise from its great volcanic cone, but its deeply cut slopes show that the volcano
was largely formed long ago.
12001 Mount Ruapehu is the highest mountain in the North Island of New Zealand.
12002 Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a huge carving on a granite cliff called Mount Rushmore in the
Black Hills of South Dakota, U.S.A. Mount Rushmore National Memorial shows the faces of four
American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
12003 Mount Saint Helens is a volcano in the Cascade Mountains, 153 kilometres south of Seattle,
Washington, U.S.A. The volcano has erupted several times since 1980.
12004 Mount Stromlo Observatory is the largest optical observatory in Australia.
12005 Mount Tom Price lies in the Hamersley Ranges, now known as Karijini in Western Australia.
12006 Mount Tongariro is a mountain in the North Island of New Zealand.
12007 Mount Townsend is Australia's second highest mountain.
12008 Mount Vernon was the home of the first president of the United States, George Washington.
12009 Mount Victoria is a peak at the eastern end of the Owen-Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea.
12010 Mount Wellington is one of the chief tourist attractions in Tasmania, Australia.
12011 Mount Wilhelm is the highest peak in Papua New Guinea.
12012
Mount Wilson Observatory is an astronomical observatory in southwestern California, U.S.A. It stands on
Mount Wilson, 1,740 metres above sea level, about 16 kilometres northeast of Pasadena.
12013 Mount Woodroffe is a bare, rugged peak in the Musgrave Ranges in South Australia.
12014 Mount Zeil is a peak in the MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory of Australia.
12015 Mountain is a landform that stands much higher than its surroundings.
12016 Mountain ash is the name for a group of trees and shrubs that grow in the Northern Hemisphere.
12017 Mountain avens is a small, hardy plant that grows wild in the northern and arctic regions.
12018 Mountain beaver, also called sewellel, is a rodent that lives along the Pacific coast of North America and
in nearby mountains.
12019 Mountain laurel is an evergreen plant that grows naturally in eastern North America.
12020 Mountain lion is a large wild animal of the cat family.
12021 Mountain pass is a passageway over a mountain barrier.
12022 Mountaineering is the sport of climbing mountains to reach their peaks.
12023 Mountbatten, Louis (1900-1979), a member of the royal family of the United Kingdom, was a
distinguished military leader and the last viceroy (ruler) of the British colony of India.
12024 Mountevans, Lord (1881-1957), was a British explorer and admiral.
12025 Mountford, Charles Pearcy (1890-1976), was an Australian writer and anthropologist.
12026 Moura is a coalfield in Queensland, Australia, located 9.7 kilometres from Moura township and 169
kilometres southwest of Gladstone.
12027
Mourne Mountains are a beautiful range of mountains in the southern part of Down, Northern Ireland.
12028 Mourning dove is an American bird with a sad, cooing call.
12029
Mouse is a small animal with soft fur, a pointed snout, round black eyes, rounded ears, and a thin tail.
12030 Mouse Tower (in German, Der Mauseturm) is a tower on a small island in the Rhine River near Bingen,
Germany.
12031 Mouth is the part of the body that is adapted for taking in food.
12032 Moyle (pop. 14,635) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, administered from the town of
Ballycastle.
12033 Moyola, Lord (1923-...), was prime minister of Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1971.
12034 Mozambique is a country on the southeast coast of Africa.
12035 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791), an Austrian composer, is considered one of the greatest and
most creative musical geniuses of all time.
12036 Mphahiele, Es'kia (1919-...), a South African writer, became best known for his autobiography Down
Second Avenue (1959).
12037 Mpumalanga is a province in the northeastern part of South Africa, bordering Mozambique and
Swaziland.
12038 Mubarak, Hosni (1928-...), became president of Egypt in October 1981.
12039 Mucilage is a thick, sticky substance usually made by dissolving gum in water, or other liquid.
12040 Muck, Karl (1859-1940), a German conductor, was principal conductor of the Boston Symphony
Orchestra in 1906 and 1907, and again from 1912 to 1918.
12041 Muckrakers were a group of writers in the early 1900's who exposed social and political evils in the
United States.
12042 Mucus is a thick, clear, slimy fluid found in the nose, mouth, and other organs and passages that open to
the outside of the body.
12043
Mudpuppy is a salamander that lives in streams, lakes, and rivers mainly in central United States.
12044 Muench, Aloisius J. Cardinal (1889-1962), became a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in the
United States in 1959.
12045 Mugabe, Robert Gabriel (1924-...), became head of the government of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) in
1980.
12046 Mughal Empire ruled most of India in the 1500's and 1600's.
12047 Muhammad (570?-632) was a great religious leader of Arabia, and the founder of Islam.
12048 Muhammad II (1432-1481), also known as Mehmed II or Mehmet II, was the seventh sultan (ruler) of the
Ottoman Empire.
12049 Muhammad, Elijah (1897-1975), was the head of the Black Muslim movement in the United States, a
black organization that combines religious beliefs with strong social protest.
12050 Muhammad Ali (1769-1849) ruled Egypt from 1805 to 1848.
12051 Muhlenberg is the family name of four outstanding American religious leaders.
12052 Muir, Edwin (1887-1959), was a British poet, critic, and translator.
12053 Muir, John (1838-1914), an American explorer, naturalist, and writer, campaigned for the conservation of
land, water, and forests in the United States.
12054 Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) became the first prime minister of Bangladesh in January 1972.
12055 Mulatto is a person of mixed white and black descent.
12056 Mulberry is an ornamental tree which has juicy, fleshy fruit.
12057 Mulch is any material that is spread over soil so that air can get through, but so that water in the soil
cannot evaporate.
12058
Muldoon, Sir Robert David (1921-1992), served as prime minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984.
12059 Mule is a domesticated, hybrid animal that results from crossing a mare (female horse) and a jack (male
donkey).
12060 Mule deer is a beautiful deer that has large, furry ears similar to those of a mule.
12061 Mulga is the Aboriginal name for a small, grey-green, spreading wattle that grows over vast areas of
inland Australia.
12062 Mull is an attractive, hilly island off the western coast of Scotland.
12063 Mullein is the name of over 350 species of woolly biennial plants, belonging to the figwort family.
12064 Muller, Hermann Joseph (1890-1967), was an American geneticist.
12065 Muller, Max (1823-1900), a German-born scholar, took a special interest in the ancient Indian language
of Sanskrit.
12066 Muller, Paul Hermann (1899-1965), a Swiss chemist, won the 1948 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine for discovering the insect-killing properties of DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane).
12067 Mullet. Two different families of fish are called mullet.
12068
Mulliken, Robert Sanderson (1896-1986), an American chemist, won the 1966 Nobel Prize for chemistry.
12069 Mulock, Sir William (1844-1944), was a leader in Canadian law, politics, and education for more than 60
years.
12070 Mulroney, Brian (1939-...), was prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993.
12071 Multiculturalism is a political or social philosophy that promotes cultural diversity (variety).
12072 Multimedia is a computer-controlled combination of text, graphics, sound, photographs, film, and other
types of media.
12073
Multimedia encyclopedia is a collection of reference articles whose text, photographs, and diagrams are
supplemented by videos, animations, interactive features, sound clips, and other content.
12074 Multinational corporation is a business organization that is based in one country and has branches,
subsidiaries, and plants in many countries.
12075 Multiple birth is the birth of more than one infant from the same pregnancy.
12076 Multiple sclerosis, often called MS, is a disease of the nervous system.
12077 Multiplication is a short way of adding or counting equal numbers.
12078 Mumford, Lewis (1895-1990), was an American social critic, philosopher, and historian.
12079 Mummers are groups of actors who perform traditional plays.
12080 Mummy is an embalmed body that has been preserved for thousands of years.
12081 Mumps is a contagious disease that causes painful swelling below and in front of the ears.
12082 Munch, Edvard (1863-1944), was a Norwegian artist.
12083
Munchausen, Baron, was the name given to the narrator and central figure in an anonymous booklet of
tall tales, Baron Munchausen's Narrative of His Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia.
12084
Mundelein, George William Cardinal (1872-1939), an American cardinal and archbishop, became the
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Chicago in 1915, and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in 1924.
12085 Mundine, Tony (1951-...), an Australian Aboriginal boxer, won the Australian middleweight title in 1970,
the Commonwealth middleweight title in 1972, and the Australian heavyweight title in 1972.
12086
Mundt, Karl Earl (1900-1974), a Republican, was a United States (U.S.) senator from 1949 to 1973.
12087 Munich (pop. 1,229,026) is Germany's third largest city.
12088 Munich Agreement, approved in September 1938 in Munich, Germany, was the acceptance by Great
Britain and France of Germany's demand for certain territory in Czechoslovakia.
12089 Munnings, Sir Alfred (1878-1959), a British artist, was famed for his paintings of horses and sporting
scenes.
12090 Munro, Hector Hugh (1870-1916), was a British writer who wrote under the pen name Saki.
12091 Munrow, David (1942-1976), was a brilliant British musician, composer, and lecturer on the history of
music.
12092 Munster is the largest of Ireland's four provinces.
12093 Muon is a type of elementary particle that closely resembles an electron but has a greater mass.
12094 Mural is a picture or design that decorates a wall.
12095 Murasaki Shikibu (A.D. 975?-1031?), also called Lady Murasaki, is the most famous writer of early
Japanese literature.
12096 Murat, Joachim (1771?-1815), the most famous French cavalry commander under Napoleon I, ruled
Naples as King Joachim I from 1808 to 1814.
12097 Murchison is a district in Western Australia drained by the Murchison River.
12098 Murder. When one person intentionally kills another without legal justification or excuse, the crime is
called murder.
12099 Murdoch, Dame Iris (1919-...), is a British novelist known for her philosophical novels.
12100 Murdoch, Rupert (1931-...), is an Australian-born publisher who owns many newspapers and magazines
in Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries.
12101 Murdoch, Sir Walter (1874-1970), was professor of English at the University of Western Australia from
1912 to 1939 and chancellor from 1943 to 1948.
12102 Murdock, William (1754-1839), was a Scottish inventor who made several important improvements in
steam engines and discovered how to produce gas from coal.
12103 Murillo, Bartolome Esteban (1618-1682), was a Spanish painter of the 1600's.
12104 Murmansk (pop. 412,000) is Russia's chief port on the Arctic Ocean.
12105 Murphy, Audie (1924-1971), won fame as the most decorated United States soldier of World War II
(1939-1945).
12106 Murphy, Emily Gowan (1868-1933), was a Canadian social reformer and author.
12107 Murphy, John Benjamin (1857-1916), was an American surgeon.
12108 Murray, Lord (1922-...), a British trade-unionist, was general secretary of the Trades Union Congress
(TUC) from 1973 until 1984.
12109 Murray, Gilbert (1866-1957), an Australian classical scholar, gained fame for his translations of Greek
plays.
12110 Murray, Sir Hubert (1861-1940), an Australian administrator, was lieutenant governor of Papua New
Guinea from 1908 to 1940.
12111 Murray, James (1719?-1794), was a British soldier who became the first British governor of Quebec,
Canada.
12112 Murray, Sir James (1837-1915), a Scottish philologist (student of language), was for 35 years editor of
the Oxford English Dictionary.
12113 Murray, Sir John (1841-1914), was a Scottish-Canadian naturalist and oceanographer.
12114 Murray, Leslie Allan (1938-...), an Australian poet, compiled the Oxford Book of Australian Verse in
1986.
12115 Murray Bridge (pop. 15,884) is a town in South Australia.
12116 Murray cod is Australia's largest freshwater fish.
12117 Murray Greys are Australia's oldest and best-known domestic breed of beef cattle.
12118 Murray River and its tributaries form Australia's major river system.
12119 Murre, or common murre, is the name of a sea bird in the auk family, related to the guillemot.
12120 Murrow, Edward R. (1908-1965), was an American radio and television broadcaster.
12121 Murrumbidgee is the third largest river in Australia's Murray-Darling river system.
12122 Murwillumbah (pop. 7,678), is a town on the Tweed River, on the far north coast of New South Wales,
Australia.
12123 Musa Hitam, Tan Sri (1934-...), was deputy prime minister and minister of home affairs of Malaysia from
1981 to 1986.
12124 Muscat (pop. 30,000; met. area pop. 250,000), is the capital of Oman.
12125 Muscle is the tough, elastic tissue that makes body parts move.
12126 Muscle sense, also called conscious proprioception, is one of two senses that tells a person what
position parts of the body are in.
12127 Muscular dystrophy is a name for a group of serious muscle diseases.
12128 Muses were nine goddesses of the arts and sciences in Greek and Roman mythology.
12129 Museum is an institution where artistic and educational materials are exhibited to the public.
12130 Museum of Modern Art in New York City is one of the world's foremost museums devoted to the
collection and exhibition of modern art.
12131 Museveni, Yoweri (1944-...), a Ugandan politician and military leader, became president of Uganda in
1986.
12132 Mushet, Robert Forester (1811-1891), was an English metallurgist.
12133 Mushroom is any of a variety of fleshy, umbrella-shaped fungi.
12134 Music is sound arranged into pleasing or interesting patterns.
12135 Music hall is a form of entertainment that was at the height of its popularity in the late 1800's and early
1900's in Britain.
12136 Musical box is an instrument that plays tunes automatically.
12137 Musical comedy is a type of play that tells a story through a combination of spoken dialogue, songs, and
dances.
12138 Musil, Robert (1880-1942) was an Austrian author best known for his long novel The Man Without
Qualities.
12139 Musk is an ingredient in many expensive perfumes.
12140 Musk deer are three species of small compact deer found in mountain forests in central and eastern
Asia.
12141 Musk ox is a large, shaggy mammal that lives in the Far North.
12142 Muskellunge is the largest fish of the pike family.
12143 Musket was the firearm that infantry soldiers used before the perfection of the rifle.
12144 Muskmelon is a cultivated variety of melon.
12145 Muskrat is an animal that lives near streams, ponds, and rivers.
12146 Muslims also spelled Moslems, are people who practise the religion of Islam, preached by Muhammad in
the A.D. 600's.
12147 Muslin is a closely woven white or unbleached cloth made from corded cotton yarn.
12148 Musquito (^? ^-1825) was an Australian Aborigine from New South Wales.
12149 Mussel is a water animal with a soft body inside a hard shell.
12150 Musset, Alfred de (1810-1857), was a French dramatist and poet.
12151 Mussolini, Benito (1883-1945), founded fascism and ruled Italy for almost 21 years, most of that time as
dictator.
12152 Mussorgsky, Modest (1839-1881), was one of the greatest Russian composers in history.
12153 Mustang is the name of certain horses that roamed over parts of the American West.
12154 Mustapha bin Datu Harun (1918-...), a Malay politician, was chief minister of the Malaysian state of
Sabah from 1967 to 1975.
12155 Mustard is the name of a family of leafy, annual plants that grow in temperate regions.
12156 Mustering, the process of rounding up sheep and cattle, is an important activity on stations (large farms)
in Australia and New Zealand.
12157 Mutation is a change in the hereditary material of an organism's cells.
12158 Mutiny is any unlawful attempt by military personnel to seize or set aside military authority.
12159 Meiji, Emperor (1852-1912) reigned in Japan from 1867 to 1912.
12160 Mutton is meat obtained from sheep that are more than a year old and, in most cases, weigh more than
45 kilograms.
12161
Mutton bird is the name of a few species of shearwater that are eaten for food (see SHEARWATER).
12162 Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), also known as chronic fatigue syndrome, is a disorder that affects many
adults.
12163 Myall Creek murders took place at Myall Creek station, near Inverell, New South Wales, Australia, in
1838.
12164
Myasthenia gravis is a noncontagious disease characterized by weakness of the skeletal muscles.
12165
Mycenae was a city in ancient Greece, located 10 kilometres north of Argos in the southern peninsula.
12166 Mycotoxin is any one of a number of poisonous chemicals produced by fungi.
12167 Myelitis, is inflammation of the spinal cord or bone marrow.
12168 Myer Music Bowl is a large, modern, open-air auditorium in Melbourne, Australia.
12169 Mynah is the name of several kinds of birds in the starling family.
12170 Myocarditis is inflammation of the muscle tissue that forms the heart's wall.
12171 Myopia, also called shortsightedness, is a visual defect that causes blurred distance vision.
12172 Myrdal, Alva Reimer (1902-1986), a Swedish diplomat and sociologist, gained fame for promoting
nuclear disarmament and world peace.
12173 Myrdal, Gunnar (1898-1987), was a Swedish sociologist and economist.
12174 Myrrh is a fragrant resin extracted from certain trees and shrubs.
12175 Myrtle is an attractive evergreen shrub or small tree.
12176 Mysteries, in religion, are secret ceremonies.
12177 Mystery play, a form of Biblical drama, was popular in England from the 1370's until about 1600.
12178 Mysticism is the belief that God or spiritual truths can be known through individual insight, rather than by
reasoning or study.
12179 Mythology. People have always tried to understand why certain things happen.
12180
Myxomatosis is a virus disease that was introduced into Australia by the CSIRO (Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) to help control the population of European rabbits.
12181 Mzilikazi (c. 1795-1868) was the founder of the Ndebele nation of present day Zimbabwe.
12182 N is the 14th letter in the English alphabet.
12183 Nabokov, Vladimir (1899-1977), was a Russian-born author.
12184 Nader, Ralph (1934-...), an American lawyer, became famous for fighting business and government
practices that he felt endangered public health and safety.
12185 Nadir is the point in space directly below where one stands.
12186 Nagaland is a state in northeastern India.
12187
Nagasaki (pop. 444,599) is the Japanese city with which Westerners have had the longest contact.
12188 Nageli, Karl Wilhelm (1817-1891), was a Swiss botanist and philosopher who studied the growth of
roots, stems, and pollen grains.
12189 Nagle, Kel (1920-...), an Australian professional golfer, won the Canada Cup for Australia with Peter
Thomson in 1954 and 1959.
12190 Nagoya (pop. 2,154,793) is one of the largest cities in Japan.
12191 Nagpur (pop. 1,215,425) is an Indian city in the state of Maharashtra.
12192 Naguib, Muhammad (1901-1984), was a leader in the Egyptian revolution of 1952 that forced King Faruk
to abdicate.
12193
Nahum, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, named after an Israelite prophet.
12194
Nahyan, Zayed bin Sultan al- (1916-...), became president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 1971.
12195 Naidu, Sarojini (1879-1949), was a leader of the Indian women's movement.
12196 Nail is a tough plate that covers the upper surface at the end of each finger and toe.
12197 Nail is the most widely used fastener for attaching one piece of wood to another.
12198 Naipaul, Shiva (1945-1985), a West Indian-born novelist, wrote about the loss of Hindu culture among
Trinidadians of Indian descent.
12199 Naipaul, V. S. (1932-...), a West Indian writer, became widely acclaimed for his novels set in the
Caribbean and Africa, and for travel books.
12200 Nairn (pop. 10,680) is a local government district in Highland Region, Scotland.
12201 Nairobi (pop. 1,162,189) is the capital of Kenya and the most important commercial centre in eastern
Africa.
12202 Naismith, James (1861-1939), a Canadian teacher who invented the game of basketball in 1891 (see
BASKETBALL).
12203 Namaqualand is a dry area along South Africa's western coast.
12204 Namatjira, Albert (1902-1959), was an Australian Aboriginal painter.
12205 Nambour (pop. 9,579), is a town on the Bruce Highway in southeastern Queensland, Australia, 106
kilometres north of Brisbane.
12206 Name. Everyone has a name.
12207 Namib Desert, the oldest desert in the world, lies along southern Africa's west coast, mainly within
Namibia.
12208 Namibia is a country in southwestern Africa.
12209 Namier, Sir Lewis (1888-1960), was one of the most influential historians of his day.
12210 Namoi is a river in northern New South Wales, Australia.
12211 Nanak (1469-1539), was the first guru (teacher) of the Indian religious sect known as the Sikhs.
12212 Nancy (pop. 96,317; met. area pop. 306,982) lies 282 kilometres east of Paris.
12213 Nangwarry is a sawmilling town 410 kilometres southeast of Adelaide, South Australia.
12214 Nanjing (pop. 2,610,594), also spelled Nan-ching or Nanking, is an important centre of industry,
transportation, and government in east-central China.
12215 Nansen, Fridtjof (1861-1930), was a famous Norwegian polar explorer.
12216 Nantes (pop. 252,029; met. area pop. 492,255) is a port city in western France, near the mouth of the
Loire River.
12217
Nantes, Edict of, was the first official recognition of religious toleration by a great European country.
12218 Naoroji, Dadabhai (1825-1917), was a prominent early leader of the Indian nationalist movement.
12219 Napalm is a powder used to thicken petrol for use in war.
12220 Naphtha is any liquid composed only of hydrogen and carbon atoms that boil below 200 C. Naptha
obtained during the refining of petroleum is blended to make petrol.
12221 Napier (pop. 52,468) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand.
12222 Napier, John (1550-1617), Laird of Merchiston, was a Scottish mathematician.
12223 Naples (pop. 1,067,365) is the third largest city of Italy.
12224 Naples, Bay of, is an inlet of the Tyrrhenian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea.
12225 Napoleon I (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon Bonaparte, crowned himself emperor of France.
12226
Napoleon II (1811-1832), Duke of Reichstadt, was the son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise of Austria.
12227 Napoleon III (1808-1873), ruled as Emperor of France from 1852 to 1870, and was closely associated
with major European political changes.
12228 Naracoorte Caves are a series of 60 limestone caves about 390 kilometres southeast of Adelaide,
Australia.
12229 Narasimhavarman I (630?-668?), also known as Mamalla, was king of the Pallava dynasty of southern
India.
12230 Narayan, R. K. (1906-...), is an Indian novelist and short-story writer who writes in English.
12231 Narayanan, Shri K. R. (1920-...), was elected president of India in 1997.
12232
Narcissus, in Greek mythology, was a handsome youth who was courted by many lovers for his beauty.
12233 Narcissus is the name of a large group of early spring flowers with lovely blossoms.
12234 Narcolepsy is a disease that causes excessive sleepiness.
12235 Narcotic is a substance that has a strong depressant effect upon the human nervous system.
12236 Narrabri (pop. 14,659), is a town on the Liverpool Plains of New South Wales, Australia, built along a
branch of the Namoi River.
12237 Narvaez, Panfilo de (1478?-1528), was a Spanish soldier, explorer, and Indian fighter.
12238 Narwhal is an unusual whale of the Arctic.
12239 Nash, Beau (1674-1762), was a celebrated English dandy, known for his magnificent clothes and
elegant manners.
12240 Nash, Charles William (1864-1948), was a pioneer in the United States motorcar industry.
12241 Nash, James (1834-1913), a prospector, discovered the goldfields at Gympie, Queensland, Australia, in
1867.
12242 Nash, John (1752-1835), was an English architect and landscape gardener.
12243 Nash, Ogden (1902-1971), was a famous American writer of humorous and satirical poetry.
12244 Nash, Paul (1889-1946), was an English painter known for his landscapes and battle scenes.
12245 Nash, Thomas (1567-1601?), was an English writer of the Elizabethan period whose works reflect his
rowdy nature.
12246 Nash, Sir Walter (1882-1968), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1957 to 1960.
12247 Nashville (pop. 510,784; met. area pop. 985,026) is the capital and second largest city of Tennessee,
U.S.A. Nashville is often called the Athens of the South because of its many educational institutions and
its buildings in the Greek classical style
12248 Nasmyth, James (1808-1890), a Scottish engineer, invented the steam hammer.
12249 Nassau (pop. 135,437) is the capital and largest city of the Bahamas.
12250 Nasser, Gamal Abdel (1918-1970), an Egyptian army officer, led the revolt that overthrew King Faruk in
1952 and established Egypt as a republic.
12251 Nast, Thomas (1840-1902), was an American political cartoonist.
12252 Nasturtium is the common name of a group of perennial plants native to tropical America.
12253 Natal was a province in South Africa from 1910 to 1994.
12254 Nathan, Isaac (1790-1864), was one of Australia's first composers.
12255 Nathan, Robert (1894-1985), was an American novelist and poet.
12256 Nation is a large group of people united by a common language, ancestry, history, or culture.
12257 Nation, Carry Amelia Moore (1846-1911), became well known for her violent efforts to stop the sale of
alcohol in the United States from the 1880's up to her death.
12258 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a United States government agency that
conducts and coordinates research of flight within and beyond the earth's atmosphere.
12259 National anthem is the official patriotic song of a nation.
12260 National debt, sometimes known as public debt, is the amount of money which a government has
borrowed to finance its spending.
12261 National Galleries of Scotland. There are three national galleries in Edinburgh, Scotland.
12262 National gallery is a nationally owned gallery that houses a nation's finest art collections.
12263 National Gallery of Ireland is in Dublin.
12264 National Geographic Society is the world's largest nonprofit-making scientific and educational
organization.
12265 National Health Service (NHS) is the United Kingdom's (UK's) healthcare system, which provides statefunded
medical services to all residents.
12266 National heritage refers to all those things that a country considers to be part of its identity and traditional
cultural wealth.
12267
National income is the total of all income earned in a country during a specific period, usually a year.
12268 National insurance is a state scheme in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland that
provides financial support for any family whose earnings are interrupted through unemployment,
sickness, widowhood, or retirement.
12269 National lottery is a game of chance run by a country's government.
12270 National Optical Astronomy Observatories are a group of three United States research centres for
astronomy.
12271 National park is an area set aside by a nation's government to protect natural beauty, wildlife, or other
remarkable features.
12272 National Party is the political party that governed South Africa from 1948 to 1994.
12273
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is an organization that operates radio telescopes in the
United States (U.S.A.) at Socorro, New Mexico; Kitt Peak, Arizona; and Green Bank, West Virginia.
12274
National trusts are organizations set up to protect and preserve buildings, landscapes, monuments, and
articles which are considered to have special artistic, scientific, or historical value.
12275 Nationalism is a people's sense of belonging together as a nation.
12276 Nationality, in law, is a person's status as a member of a certain country.
12277 Nationalization is the control and ownership of an industry on a national scale by the government of a
country.
12278 Natural bridge is a bridge built by nature.
12279
Natural gas liquids are certain chemical compounds that can be obtained in liquid form from natural gas.
12280 Natural resources are those products and features of the earth that permit it to support life and satisfy
people's needs.
12281 Natural selection is a process in nature by which the organisms best suited to their environment are the
ones most likely to leave offspring.
12282
Naturalism, in literature, is the attempt to apply scientific theory and methods to imaginative writing.
12283 Nature Conservancy Council was a government-appointed body concerned with all aspects of nature
conservation in the United Kingdom.
12284 Nature study means watching and learning about things in nature.
12285
Nature worship is a religious practice that has been followed by various cultures throughout history.
12286 Naude, Beyers (1915-...), is a South African Afrikaner minister and former active opponent of apartheid
(segregation).
12287 Nauru is a small island country in the central Pacific Ocean.
12288 Nausea is a disagreeable sensation in the area of the stomach.
12289 Nautilus is a marine animal whose soft body is partly covered with a coiled shell.
12290 Naval mutinies of 1797 were protests in England by seamen against bad conditions.
12291 Naval stores. In the days of wooden sailing ships, the term naval stores referred to tar and pitch.
12292 Navigation is the process of determining a vehicle's position and directing its movement.
12293 Navigation acts were several laws passed in the 1600's by the English Parliament.
12294 Navratilova, Martina (1956-...), became one of the world's top women tennis players.
12295 Navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces that consists of warships and support ships, their crews,
and land bases and their personnel.
12296 Navy Jack is a flag of the United States Navy.
12297 Nawaz Sharif (1949-...), served as prime minister of Pakistan from 1990 to 1993.
12298 Nazarbayev, Nursultan (1940-...), was elected president of Kazakstan in December 1991.
12299 Nazareth (pop. 52,200) is a town in northern Israel.
12300
Nazimova, Alla (1879-1945), a Russian actress, became famous on the American stage and in films.
12301 Nazism was a political movement--and later a form of government--that developed in Germany during
the 1920's.
12302 N'Djamena (pop. 511,700) is the capital and largest city of Chad.
12303 Neale, John Mason (1818-1866), an English hymn writer and historian, translated many ancient Greek
and Latin hymn and anthem texts.
12304 Neanderthal man was a type of prehistoric human being who lived in parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa
from about 100,000 to 35,000 years ago.
12305 Near East is a name given to a region that includes a part of Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the
eastern boundary of Iran, plus part of northeastern Africa.
12306 Neath Port Talbot is a United Kingdom local government area in South Wales.
12307 Nebraska (pop. 1,584,617) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
12308 Nebuchadnezzar was the name of two kings of Babylon.
12309 Nebula is a cloud of dust particles and gases in space.
12310 Nebular hypothesis is a theory about the origin of the solar system.
12311 Necker, Jacques (1732-1804), was a statesman in France under King Louis XVI. When he was
appointed French finance minister in 1777, the nation had an unbalanced treasury.
12312 Necktie, or tie, is a band of material or a bow that is worn around the neck.
12313 Necrology is a record of deaths, especially one kept by a church.
12314 Necromancy is a term taken from two Greek words meaning corpse and divination.
12315 Necropolis is a Greek word which means city of the dead, that is, a cemetery.
12316
Necrosis is the death of a group of body cells and tissues due to some disease or external cause.
12317 Nectar is a sugary liquid produced by many flowers.
12318 Nectar was the drink of the gods in Greek mythology.
12319 Nectarine is a variety of peach with smooth skin.
12320 Needle is a simple-looking tool, with a fine point at one end and a tiny eye at the other.
12321 Needlepoint is a form of embroidery in which stitches are sewn through spaces or squares of an openmesh
fabric called the canvas.
12322 Neel, Louis Boyd (1905-1981), founded and conducted the Boyd Neel Orchestra, one of Europe's
leading string orchestras.
12323 Nefertiti was an ancient Egyptian queen, the wife of Akhenaton, a pharaoh (king) who ruled from 1367 to
1350 B.C. Akhenaton was the first pharaoh to preach monotheism (belief in one god).
12324 Negeri Sembilan, also spelled Negri Sembilan, is a state in Peninsular Malaysia.
12325 Negev is the triangular southern half of Israel.
12326
Negligence is the legal term for carelessness under the English legal system and systems based on it.
12327 Negotiable instrument refers to a type of legal exchange or document that is either a promise or an order
to pay money.
12328 Negritos are peoples who live in small, isolated groups in Asia and northern Australia and who resemble
Pygmies.
12329 Nehemiah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
12330 Nehru is the name of a family that provided four generations of leaders for India.
12331 Neilson, John Shaw (1872-1942), is rated by critics as Australia's finest lyric poet.
12332 Nelson (pop. 47,391) is a city on the northern coast of the South Island of New Zealand.
12333 Nelson, Horatio (1758-1805), was Great Britain's greatest admiral and naval hero.
12334 Nelspruit (pop. 61,921) is an important town in the province of Mpumalanga, South Africa.
12335 Neman River is a waterway in eastern Europe.
12336 Nematode is a slender worm.
12337 Nemean Games were one of the four ancient Greek national festivals.
12338 Nemesis, a minor goddess in Greek mythology, was a personification of the spirit of vengeance.
12339 Nene, also known as Hawaiian goose, is a rare bird of Hawaii.
12340 Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd.
12341 Neon is a chemical element that makes up about 1 part per 65,000 in the earth's atmosphere.
12342 Neoplatonism was a dominant school of philosophy from the A.D. 200's to the 500's.
12343 Neoptolemus was a Greek warrior during the Trojan War.
12344 Nepal is a country in south-central Asia.
12345 Nepean River is a river that rises in the Illawarra coastal range southeast of Bowral in New South Wales,
Australia.
12346 Nephritis, formerly called Bright's disease, is a general term for several inflammatory diseases of the
kidneys.
12347 Nepia, George (1905-1986), one of New Zealand's greatest Rugby Union players, was the first Maori to
gain an international reputation in this sport.
12348
Nepotism is the practice of giving important political or business positions to members of one's family.
12349 Neptune was the god of the sea in Roman mythology.
12350 Neptune is one of the two planets that cannot be seen without a telescope.
12351 Neptunium is an artificially created element with chemical symbol Np.
12352 Nereids were 50 beautiful sea nymphs who attended the sea divinities Poseidon and Amphitrite.
12353 Nereus was a kindly old sea god in Greek mythology.
12354 Neri, Saint Philip (1515-1595), was the founder of the Oratorians, and a reformer of Rome during the
Counter Reformation.
12355 Nerina, Nadia (1927-...), a ballerina, won acclaim in many parts of the world for the brilliance of her
dancing.
12356 Nernst, Walther Hermann (1864-1941), a German physical chemist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in
chemistry for his formulation of the third law of thermodynamics (see THERMODYNAMICS).
12357 Nero (A.D. 37-68) was a Roman emperor who reigned from A.D. 54 until his death 14 years later.
12358 Neruda, Pablo (1904-1973), a Chilean poet, won the 1971 Nobel Prize for literature.
12359 Nerval, Gerard de (1808-1855), was a French poet.
12360 Nervi, Pier Luigi (1891-1979), was an Italian architect and engineer.
12361 Nervous breakdown is a term often used to refer to anything from fatigue caused by overwork to a
severe mental illness.
12362 Nervous system is an internal communications network that enables an animal to adjust to changes in its
environment.
12363 Nesbit, Edith (1858-1924), was an English novelist, poet, and writer of stories for children.
12364 Nest is a place an animal prepares for raising its young.
12365 Nestor was the hero son of Neleus and Chloris, rulers of Pylos, Messenia, in Greek mythology.
12366 Nestorian Christians are members of a religious sect that was prominent in the A.D. 400's.
12367 Net is an open fabric.
12368 Netball is a game for single-sex competition, played mainly by women and girls.
12369 Netherlands is a small country on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.
12370 Netherlands Antilles, also called the Dutch Antilles or the Dutch West Indies, is part of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea.
12371 Nettle is the common name of a group of plants with stinging bristles.
12372 Netzahualcoyotl (pop. 1,256,115) is Mexico's third-largest city.
12373 Neumann, Saint John Nepomucene (1811-1860), was the first male United States citizen to be
recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.
12374 Neuralgia is a severe pain that occurs along a nerve.
12375 Neuritis is an inflammation of a nerve caused by disease or injury.
12376 Neurofibromatosis, often abbreviated as NF, is an incurable hereditary disorder that affects the nervous
system and the skin.
12377 Neurology is the field of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous
system and muscles.
12378 Neuropathology is the science that studies alterations produced by diseases of the central nervous
system, nerves, or muscles.
12379 Neurosis is a term used in a number of ways in the field of mental health.
12380 Neutra, Richard Joseph (1892-1970), was an Austrian-born architect who worked in California, U.S.A.
His best designs demonstrate his goal of creating buildings that meet biological and psychological
needs, as well as artistic and technical considerat
12381 Neutrality is the official status of a government that does not take part in a war.
12382 Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base form a salt.
12383 Neutrino is any of several types of subatomic particles that have no electrical charge or measurable
mass.
12384 Neutron is a subatomic particle.
12385 Neutron star is the smallest and densest type of star known.
12386 Neva River is a link in three waterway systems in Russia.
12387 Nevada (pop. 1,206,152) is a state in the western United States.
12388 Nevelson, Louise (1900-1988), was an American sculptor.
12389 Never-never is a term used to describe the outback (the Australian interior).
12390 Neville, Emily Cheney (1919-...), is an American author.
12391 Neville, John (1925-...), achieved fame as an English Shakespearean actor.
12392 Nevin, Ethelbert Woodbridge (1862-1901), an American composer, was known for his songs and piano
pieces.
12393 Nevins, Allan (1890-1971), an American historian and educator, twice was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for
biography.
12394 New Age is a movement encompassing a huge diversity of beliefs, lifestyles, and practices.
12395 New Britain is the largest of the more than 300 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, which forms part of
the nation of Papua New Guinea.
12396 New Brunswick (pop. 738,133) is one of the four Atlantic Provinces of Canada.
12397 New Caledonia is an overseas territory of France.
12398 New Deal was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's programme to pull the United States out of the Great
Depression in the 1930's.
12399 New Delhi (pop. 301,297) is the capital of India.
12400 New England is a region in northern New South Wales, Australia.
12401 New England, Dominion of, was a group of English colonies in America united in 1686 by King James II
of England.
12402 New England Confederation was organized in 1643.
12403 New Forest (pop. 157,000) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, which includes the New
Forest itself.
12404 New Forest is a wooded district in south Hampshire, England.
12405 New France was the French colonial empire in North America.
12406 New Guinea is a large tropical island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia.
12407 New Hampshire (pop. 1,113,915) is a state in the northeastern United States.
12408 New Holland. In 1642, Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator, virtually circumnavigated the continent of
Australia.
12409 New Ireland is the second largest island of the Bismarck Archipelago.
12410 New Jersey (pop. 7,748,634) is an important industrial state in the northeastern United States.
12411
New Left was a radical political and social movement of the 1960's and early 1970's in the United States.
12412 New mathematics is a mathematics teaching programme now used in many countries.
12413 New Mexico, (pop. 1,521,779) is a state in the southwestern United States.
12414 New Netherland was a region in America claimed by the Dutch in the early 1600's.
12415 New Norcia is a monastic town on the Moore River about 130 kilometres north of Perth, Australia.
12416 New Norfolk (pop. 10,009) is a town on the Derwent River about 34 kilometres from Hobart in Tasmania,
Australia.
12417 New Orleans (pop. 496,938) is the largest city in Louisiana and one of the world's busiest ports.
12418 New Plymouth (pop. 48,519) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand.
12419 New South Wales is a state in southeastern Australia.
12420 New South Wales Corps was an infantry regiment recruited in Britain to keep order in New South Wales,
Australia, in the 1700's.
12421 New states movements. In Australia, the federal Constitution allows for the establishment of new states
if the parliaments of the existing states agree.
12422 New Sweden was the only Swedish colony in America.
12423 New Testament is the second part of the Christian Bible.
12424 New Thought is a philosophical and religious movement that originated in the United States during the
mid-1800's.
12425
New town is a town in the United Kingdom that has grown rapidly as a result of a government decision.
12426 New Year's Day is the first day of the calendar year.
12427 New York, a state on the East Coast of the United States, is that country's leading centre of banking,
communication, and finance.
12428 New York City (pop. 7,322,564) is the largest city in the United States in population (see CITY).
12429 New Zealand is an island country in the Southwest Pacific Ocean.
12430 New Zealand was a warship that was presented to the government of the United Kingdom in 1909 by the
government of New Zealand as a symbol of loyalty.
12431 New Zealand, Government of. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy.
12432 New Zealand, History of. New Zealand was so named by an unknown Dutch mapmaker, after the Dutch
navigator Abel Tasman visited the region in 1642.
12433 New Zealand, Literature of. The Maori arrived in New Zealand as immigrants from Polynesia more than
a thousand years ago.
12434 Newark (pop. 275,221; met. area pop. 1,824,321), is the largest city in New Jersey, U.S.A. and one of
the nation's leading centres of manufacturing and transportation.
12435 Newark and Sherwood (pop. 103,400) is a local government area in Nottinghamshire, England.
12436 Newbery, John (1713-1767), was an English publisher and bookseller.
12437 Newbery Medal is an annual award given to the author of the most distinguished contribution to
American children's literature published in the preceding year.
12438 Newberry, Walter Loomis (1804-1868), was an American businessman and philanthropist, who
bequeathed (donated after his death) half of his personal wealth for the foundation of the Newberry
Library in Chicago.
12439 Newbolt, Sir Henry (1862-1938), an English poet and author, is best known for his poem "Drake's Drum,"
included in his collection of ballads, Admirals All (1897).
12440 Newbury (pop. 136,400) was a rural local government area in Berkshire, England.
12441 Newcastle (pop. 293,368) lies on the estuary of the Hunter River, 160 kilometres north of Sydney,
Australia.
12442 Newcastle, Duke of (1693-1768), was prime minister of Britain during most of the Seven Years' War
(1756-1763).
12443 Newcastle-under-Lyme (pop. 117,400) is a local government area in Staffordshire, England administered
from the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme.
12444 Newcastle upon Tyne (pop. 263,000) is a city in northeastern England.
12445 Newcomb, Simon (1835-1909), was an American astronomer.
12446 Newcombe, John (1944-...), an Australian tennis player, won the Wimbledon singles title in 1967, 1970,
and 1971.
12447 Newcomen, Thomas (1663-1729), an English inventor, built the first commercially successful steam
engine in 1712.
12448 Newfoundland (pop. 568,474) is Canada's newest province.
12449 Newfoundland dog is one of the largest and strongest breeds of dog.
12450 Newgate Prison, a London jail, was England's main criminal prison for over 700 years.
12451 Newham (pop. 200,200) is a borough in Greater London.
12452 Newman, John Henry Cardinal (1801-1890), became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church in 1845,
and was made a cardinal in 1879.
12453 Newman, Paul (1925-...), an American actor, won fame for his action roles and convincing character
studies in films.
12454 Newmarket is a town in Suffolk, England, famous as the centre of British horse racing and breeding and
as the headquarters of the Jockey Club.
12455 Newport (pop. 129,900) is a local government area in Wales, centred on the town of Newport.
12456 Newry and Mourne (pop. 82,237) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, situated in the
southeast of the province.
12457 News service is an organization that collects and distributes news.
12458 Newspaper is a publication devoted chiefly to presenting and commenting on the news.
12459 Newt is an amphibian, like the frog, toad, and caecilian.
12460 Newton, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure force.
12461 Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), an English scientist, astronomer, and mathematician, invented a new
kind of mathematics, discovered the secrets of light and colour, and showed how the universe is held
together.
12462 Newton, William Ellis (1919-1943), an Australian airman, was awarded the Victoria Cross after his death
in World War II (1939-1945).
12463 Newton-John, Olivia (1948-...), an Australian singer and film star, won Grammy Awards for her records
in 1973, 1974, and 1982.
12464 Newton's rings are a series of alternating bright and dark concentric circles that can be seen when a
slightly convex piece of glass is placed on top of a flat piece of glass.
12465 Newtownabbey (pop. 73,718) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, administered from the
market town of Ballyclare.
12466 Next of kin is a legal phrase for the closest blood relatives of a person who has died without making a
will.
12467 Ney, Michel (1769-1815), was one of Napoleon Bonaparte's great soldiers.
12468 Ngata, Sir Apirana Turupa (1874-1950), was a great political and cultural leader of New Zealand's Maori
people during the early 1900's.
12469 Ngo Dinh Diem (1901-1963), was the first president of South Vietnam.
12470
Nguyen Van Thieu (1923-...), became president of South Vietnam in 1967, during the Vietnam War.
12471 Niagara Falls is one of the most spectacular natural wonders of North America.
12472 Niagara River is a short river that connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
12473 Niamey (pop. 360,000) is the capital and largest city of Niger.
12474 Nibelungenlied is a German epic poem written about A.D. 1200.
12475 Nicaragua is the largest country of Central America in area.
12476 Nice (pop. 345,674; met. area pop. 475,507) is a resort city on the French Riviera and a Mediterranean
port.
12477 Nicene Councils were two councils of the Christian church held in Nicaea (Nice), in what is now
northwest Turkey.
12478 Nicholas I (1796-1855), was czar of Russia from 1825 until his death in 1855.
12479 Nicholas II (1010?-1061), was crowned pope in 1059.
12480 Nicholas II (1868-1918), the last czar of Russia, ruled from 1894 to 1917.
12481 Nicholas V (1397-1455), was elected pope in 1447.
12482 Nicholas, Saint (A.D. 300's), is one of the most popular saints of the Christian church.
12483 Nicholls, Sir Douglas (1906-1988), was the first Aborigine to be knighted and Australia's first Aboriginal
state governor.
12484
Nichols, Mike (1931-...), is a famous American director known for his work both in films and on the stage.
12485 Nicholson, Ben (1894-1982), was an English artist noted for his abstract paintings.
12486 Nicholson, Sir Charles (1808-1903), a British doctor, helped establish Sydney University.
12487 Nicholson, Jack (1937-...), is an American film actor and director.
12488 Nickel is a white metallic chemical element used in alloys.
12489 Nickel silver is an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc.
12490 Nicklaus, Jack (1940-...), an American golfer, ranks among the greatest players in the history of the
sport.
12491 Nicklin, Sir Frank (1895-1978), a member of the Country Party, was premier of Queensland, Australia
from 1957 to 1968.
12492 Nicodemus was a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish court in Jerusalem.
12493 Nicolay, John George (1832-1901), an American newspaperman, served as President Abraham
Lincoln's private secretary from 1860 to 1865.
12494 Nicolet, Jean (1598-1642), was an early French explorer in America.
12495 Nicosia (pop. 163,700) is the capital and largest city of Cyprus, an island republic in the Mediterranean
Sea.
12496 Nicotine is a chemical compound found in small amounts in the leaves, roots, and seeds of the tobacco
plant.
12497 Nictitating membrane is a thin membrane under the eyelid that can be pulled over the eyeball.
12498 Nielsen, Carl August (1865-1931), was one of Denmark's greatest composers.
12499 Niemeyer, Oscar (1907-...), is a Brazilian architect.
12500 Niepce, Joseph Nicephore (1765-1833), a French scientist, invented the first photographic technique,
heliography.
12501 Nier, Alfred Otto Carl (1911-...), an American physicist, won distinction for his development of a mass
spectrograph and his use of it in nuclear research.
12502 Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844-1900), was a German philosopher, poet, and classical scholar.
12503 Niflheim was a land of the dead in Norse mythology.
12504 Niger is a large, landlocked country in West Africa.
12505 Niger River is the third longest river in Africa.
12506 Nigeria, a country on Africa's west coast, has more people than any other African country.
12507
Night heron is one of several species of herons that get their name because they hunt mainly at night.
12508 Nighthawk is a bird that looks much like the whip-poorwill, to which it is related.
12509 Nightingale is a small, dull-coloured bird famed for its beautiful, sad song.
12510 Nightingale, Florence (1820-1910), was the founder of the nursing profession as we know it today.
12511 Nightjar is the name of about 70 species of birds that fly at night or dusk.
12512 Nightmare is a frightening dream or dreamlike experience that wakes a sleeper.
12513
Nightshade is the common name of the family of plants that have the scientific name Solanaceae.
12514 Nihilism is the name used for a variety of extreme, negative philosophical and political views.
12515 Nijinsky, Vaslav (1890?-1950), was the most famous male dancer of his time.
12516 Nikisch, Arthur (1855-1922), was a Hungarian conductor, violinist, and pianist.
12517 Nikolais, Alwin (1912-1993), was an American choreographer (composer of dances).
12518
Niland, D'arcy (1917-1967), an Australian author, wrote five novels and more than 500 short stories.
12519 Nile River is the longest river in the world.
12520 Nilsson, Birgit (1918-...), is a celebrated Swedish dramatic soprano.
12521 Nimitz, Chester William (1885-1966), served as commander in chief of the United States Pacific Fleet
during World War II (1939-1945).
12522 Nimrod, in the Old Testament, was a mighty ruler and builder of cities.
12523 Nin, Anais (1903-1977), was a French-born American writer.
12524 Ninety Mile Beach is the name of two beaches in Australasia.
12525 Ninety Mile Desert is a name given to a limestone area of about 4,050 hectares in the southeast of
South Australia and parts of Victoria.
12526 Nineveh was the last capital of the ancient Assyrian Empire.
12527 Ningbo (pop. 3,350,851), also spelled Ning-po, is an industrial centre and port in the Chinese province of
Zhejiang.
12528
Niobe was a queen in Greek mythology who was famous for eternally mourning her dead children.
12529 Niobium, also called columbium, has the chemical symbol Nb.
12530 Nirvana, a Buddhist belief, is perfect peace and blessedness.
12531 Nisei is the Japanese name for the children of Japanese families that migrate to other countries.
12532 Nithsdale (pop. 56,616) is a local government district in Dumfries and Galloway Region, Scotland, in the
valley of the River Nith.
12533 Nitrate is any kind of compound that contains the inorganic nitrate ion.
12534 Nitric acid is a strong inorganic acid.
12535 Nitrite is a compound of the nitrite anion and some other element.
12536 Nitrogen is a chemical element that occurs in nature mainly as a gas.
12537 Nitrogen cycle is the circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, soil, water, and plants and animals
of the earth.
12538 Nitroglycerin, also called nitroglycerol, is a powerful explosive.
12539 Nitrous oxide is a colourless, odourless gas that doctors and dentists use to make patients insensitive to
pain.
12540 Niue is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean.
12541 Nix was the name of a water sprite in German folklore.
12542 Nixon, Richard (1913-1994), was president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.
12543 Nizhniy Novgorod (pop. 1,443,000) is an industrial centre in Russia.
12544
Nkrumah, Kwame (1909-1972), was president of the West African republic of Ghana from 1960 to 1966.
12545 Noah, according to the Bible and the Quran, was the only righteous, God-fearing man of his time.
12546 Nobel, Alfred Bernhard (1833-1896), a Swedish chemist, invented dynamite and founded the Nobel
Prizes (see NOBEL PRIZES).
12547 Nobel Prizes are awarded each year to people, regardless of nationality, who have made valuable
contributions to the "good of humanity." In his will, the wealthy Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel directed
that the income from his estate be used to fund
12548 Nobelium is an artificially created radioactive element.
12549 Nobility is a class of people who are considered to stand at the top of their society.
12550 Noble gas refers to any of a group of six chemical elements.
12551 Nocturnal animals are animals that are most active during the hours of darkness and least active in
daylight.
12552 Noel-Baker, Lord (1889-1982), Baron Noel-Baker of Derby, won the 1959 Nobel Peace Prize for his
work in promoting international disarmament.
12553
Noguchi, Isamu (1904-1988), was an American sculptor whose work represents a wide variety of styles.
12554 Noise is random or unwanted sound.
12555 Nok was a West African civilization that flourished from about 500 B.C. until at least A.D. 200.
12556 Nolan, Sir Sidney (1917-1992), a distinguished Australian painter, was best known for his series of
paintings of the bushranger Ned Kelly.
12557 Nomad is a person who moves from one place to another as a way of making a living.
12558 Nonaggression pact is a treaty by which two or more nations agree to settle mutual disputes by peaceful
means and not to attack each other.
12559 Non-Aligned Movement is a group of developing nations whose members meet to form policies for
dealing with the major industrial nations.
12560 Noonan, Michael J. (1935-...), was minister for the Republic of Ireland's Department of the Marine from
1989 to 1992.
12561 Nordenskjold, Nils Adolf Erik (1832-1901), Baron Nordenskjold, was a Swedish polar explorer,
mineralogist, and map authority.
12562 Nordhoff and Hall were a team of American authors.
12563 Nore is a river in the Republic of Ireland.
12564 Norfolk in England is the county of the Broads, the long, reedy waterways and lakes visited by
thousands of holiday-makers and sailing enthusiasts every year.
12565 Norfolk, Virginia (pop. 261,229; met. area pop. 1,396,107), is a leading United States port.
12566 Norfolk Island is an Australian territory in the southern Pacific Ocean, over 1,600 kilometres northeast of
Sydney and over 1,000 kilometres northwest of Auckland, New Zealand.
12567 Norfolk terrier is a breed of dog that originated in the United Kingdom.
12568
Noriega, Manuel Antonio, (1934-...), was a military leader who controlled Panama from 1983 to 1989.
12569 Norman, Greg (1955-...), an Australian golfer known as The Great White Shark, won the British Open in
1986 and 1993.
12570 Norman, Lilith (1927-...), an Australian author of children's books, won praise for the frank realism of her
novels.
12571 Norman architecture is a regional adaptation of Romanesque architecture.
12572
Norman Conquest is the name given to the conquest of England in 1066 by William, Duke of Normandy.
12573 Normandy is a region in northwestern France.
12574 Normans were a group of Vikings, or Norsemen (Scandinavians), who first settled in northern France,
then advanced into England, southern Italy, and Sicily.
12575 Norns were the three Fates of Scandinavian mythology.
12576 Norodom Sihanouk (1922-...), is the king of Cambodia.
12577 Norris, Frank (1870-1902), was an American novelist and journalist and a leader of the naturalism
movement.
12578 North, Lord (1732-1792), Frederick, Earl of Guilford, was a British prime minister whose shortsighted
treatment of the American Colonies helped bring on the American Revolution.
12579 North America, the third largest continent in area, extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to South
America in the south.
12580
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance consisting of 16 Western countries.
12581 North Carolina (pop. 6,657,630) is a state in the southern United States.
12582 North Cornwall (pop. 73,700), is a local government district in Cornwall, England, administered from
Bodmin.
12583 North Dakota (pop. 641,364) is a state in the Midwestern region the United States.
12584 North Devon (pop. 85,100), is a rural local government district in Devon, England, extending from the
Taw and Torridge estuary to Lynmouth.
12585
North Dorset (pop. 52,200), is a local government district in Dorset, England, containing the towns of
Blandford Forum, Gillingham, Shaftesbury, and Sturminster Newton, and many attractive villages.
12586 North Down (pop. 66,759), is a residential local government district in Northern Ireland, administered
from the resort of Bangor.
12587 North East Derbyshire (pop. 95,600), is a local government district in Derbyshire, England, administered
from the neighbouring borough of Chesterfield.
12588 North-East Fife was a local government district in Fife Region, administered from Cupar.
12589 North Hertfordshire (pop. 108,600), is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England.
12590 North Kesteven (pop. 78,400), is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, administered from
the market town of Sleaford.
12591 North Norfolk (pop. 90,400), a local government district in Norfolk, England, includes the coastal resorts
of Cromer, Sheringham, and Wells-next-the-Sea, and the market towns of North Walsham and
Fakenham.
12592 North Pole is a term used for several invisible surface points located in the Arctic region.
12593 North Sea is a wide arm of the Atlantic Ocean that lies between the United Kingdom (UK) and the
mainland of Europe.
12594 North Shropshire (pop. 52,400) is a local government district in Shropshire, England.
12595
North Star is a readily visible star that appears to be located almost directly above the North Pole.
12596 North Tyneside (pop. 188,800) is a local government district in Tyne and Wear, England, administered
from the fishing port of North Shields.
12597 North Warwickshire (pop. 59,800), is a local government district in Warwickshire, England, administered
from the market town of Atherstone.
12598 North West is one of South Africa's nine provinces.
12599 North West Company was a Canadian fur-trading company that became the main competition of the
powerful Hudson's Bay Company during the late 1700's.
12600 North West Leicestershire (pop. 79,400) is a local government district in Leicestershire, England,
administered from Coalville.
12601 North West Rebellion was a conflict that arose in 1885 between the metis (people of mixed white and
Indian ancestry) and the Canadian government in what is now Saskatchewan.
12602 North Wiltshire (pop. 109,600), is a local government district in Wiltshire, England, administered from
Chippenham.
12603
Northampton (pop. 178,200) is a town and local government district in Northamptonshire, England.
12604 Northamptonshire is a small English county of beautiful stone-built villages, historic mansions, stately
homes, and churches with fine medieval spires.
12605 Northavon was a local government district north of Bristol and Kingswood.
12606 Northcliffe, Viscount (1865-1922), a famous British journalist and publisher, pioneered in the use of
comics, special features, religious news, and tabloid newspapers.
12607 Norther is a cold winter wind that sweeps over the southern United States and the Gulf of Mexico,
destroying crops and wrecking ships.
12608 Northern Cape is South Africa's largest province, covering just under 30 per cent of the total area of the
country.
12609 Northern development in Australia includes all land north of the South Australian border except for the
sugar coast of Queensland.
12610
Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four major political divisions that make up the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland, often shortened to Britain or the United Kingdom (UK).
12611 Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of the, is a chain of 16 islands in the Pacific Ocean.
12612 Northern Province is a province in the northernmost part of South Africa.
12613 Northern Territory occupies almost a sixth of the Australian continent.
12614 Northumberland is the most northerly county of England.
12615 Northumbria was the most northerly of the early English kingdoms, formed by the union of the kingdoms
of Bernicia and Deira.
12616 Northwest Ordinance, passed by the United States Congress on July 13, 1787, was one of the most
important laws ever adopted.
12617 Northwest Passage. The explorers who followed Columbus soon found that North America was not a
part of Asia, as they had believed at first.
12618 Northwest Territories is a vast region that covers about a third of Canada.
12619 Northwest Territory was a vast tract of land lying north of the Ohio River, west of Pennsylvania, and east
of the Mississippi River in what is now the United States.
12620 Norway is a long, narrow country on the northwestern edge of the European continent.
12621 Norwegian elkhound is a hunting dog that originated in Norway, probably between 5000 and 4000 B.C.
Hunters claim the elkhound can scent an elk 5 kilometres away.
12622 Norwich (pop. 121,000) is a city, a local government district, and the administrative centre of Norfolk,
England.
12623 Norwich terrier is a breed of dog that was developed in England about 1880.
12624 Nose is the organ used for breathing and smelling.
12625 Nosebleed is a discharge of blood from the nose.
12626
Nostradamus (1503-1566), was the Latin name of Michel de Notredame, a French astrologer and doctor.
12627 Notary public is an officer authorized by law to certify certain documents, and to take oaths.
12628
Notation is any system of symbols and abbreviations that helps people work with a particular subject.
12629 Notornis is the scientific name for an extremely rare, flightless, New Zealand bird that is also called the
takahe.
12630 Notre Dame, Cathedral of is a famous cathedral in Paris.
12631 Nott, John (1932-...), a Conservative Party politician, was United Kingdom secretary of state for defence
from 1981 until 1983.
12632 Nottingham is an industrial city in central England.
12633 Nottinghamshire is a county in central England.
12634
Nouakchott (pop. 350,000) is the capital and largest city of the West African republic of Mauritania.
12635 Noun is a part of speech that identifies people, places, objects, actions, qualities, and ideas.
12636
Nova is an explosion that causes a star to become from 10,000 to 100,000 times as bright as the sun.
12637 Nova Scotia (pop. 899,942) is one of the four Atlantic Provinces of Canada.
12638 Novalis (1772-1801), was the pen name of Friedrich von Hardenberg, a German romantic poet.
12639 Novaya Zemlya is the Russian name for two islands in the Arctic Ocean that belong to Russia.
12640 Novel is a long fictional story written in prose.
12641 Novello, Ivor (1893-1951), became well known as the composer of one of the most popular songs of
World War I (1914-1918), Keep the Home Fires Burning.
12642 November is the eleventh month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in
almost all the world today.
12643 Novgorod (pop. 232,000) is an important industrial centre and one of the oldest cities in Russia.
12644 Novi Sad (pop. 179,626) is a Serbian centre of manufacturing and transportation.
12645 Novosibirsk (pop. 1,443,000) is an important centre of manufacturing in Russia.
12646 Noyes, Alfred (1880-1958), was one of the most popular English poets of the early 1900's.
12647
NSPCC is a British organization that helps children and parents with problems affecting the family.
12648 Nu, U (1907-1995), was a Burmese politician and statesman.
12649 Nubia was a region of ancient Africa.
12650 Nuclear energy, also called atomic energy, is the most powerful kind of energy known.
12651 Nuclear physics is the branch of physics that studies the properties, structure, and reactions of atomic
nuclei.
12652 Nuclear reactor is a device that produces a vast amount of energy from a small amount of fuel.
12653 Nuclear weapon is any weapon that gets its destructive power from the transformation of matter in atoms
into energy.
12654 Nuclear winter refers to the deadly worldwide environmental effects that could result from a major
nuclear war.
12655 Nucleic acid is a complex molecule found in all cells.
12656 Nuer are a cattle-rearing people of east-central Africa.
12657
Nuevo Laredo (pop. 218,413), is a city on the eastern part of Mexico's border with the United States.
12658 Nuffield, Lord (1877-1963), William Richard Morris, pioneered motorcar manufacturing.
12659 Nulla nulla is an Australian Aboriginal word for club, probably derived from one of the Sydney district
dialects.
12660
Nullarbor Plain is a dry limestone plateau in Western Australia and southwestern South Australia.
12661 Numa Pompilius, the second of the seven legendary kings of Rome, reigned from 715 to 673 B.C. He
reportly, became king a year after Romulus died.
12662 Numbat is an Australian marsupial, the size of a large rat.
12663
Number, in grammar, is a feature of language that indicates how many people or objects are referred to.
12664 Number and numeral. A number is an idea that is used to refer to amounts of things.
12665 Number theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of the natural numbers, 1, 2,
3, 4.
12666 Numbers, Book of, is the fourth book of the Bible.
12667 Numeration systems are ways of counting and of naming numbers.
12668 Numerology is the practice of using numbers to analyse character and foretell the future.
12669 Numidia was an area in northern Africa during ancient times.
12670 Nummulite is the name for a large number of marine one-celled fossil animals.
12671
Nun is a woman who belongs to a religious community and dedicates her life to carrying out its goals.
12672 Nuneaton and Bedworth (pop. 115,300) is a local government district in England that is an industrial
area with traditional coal-mining and quarrying industries.
12673 Nunn, Trevor (1940-...), is a British theatre director.
12674 Nuremberg (pop. 465,255) is an industrial city in southern Germany.
12675 Nuremberg Trials were 13 trials held to judge leaders of Germany for their actions during World War II
(1939-1945).
12676 Nureyev, Rudolf (1938-1993), was one of the greatest ballet dancers of the 1900's.
12677 Nurmi, Paavi Johannes (1897-1973), was a Finnish runner who won nine Olympic gold medals and set
29 world records over 16 separate distances.
12678
Nursery produces young plants for transplanting in fields, gardens, orchards, and landscaped areas.
12679 Nursery rhyme is a rhythmical poem intended to amuse young children.
12680 Nursery school is a school chiefly for children who are 3 or 4 years old.
12681 Nursing is a profession devoted to the care of sick people and also to the prevention of illness.
12682 Nursing home is a residential institution that provides medical or nonmedical care, chiefly for people who
are 65 years old or older.
12683 Nusantara is a name for the islands that make up Indonesia.
12684 Nut is the popular name for many kinds of dry, edible seeds or fruits that grow in a woody shell.
12685 Nutcracker is a bird of the crow family.
12686 Nuthatch is a type of climbing bird.
12687 Nutmeg is a tropical tree that is grown commercially for the spice it provides.
12688 Nutria, also known as coypu, is a large rodent that lives in or near fresh water.
12689 Nutrition is the science that deals with food and how the body uses it.
12690 Nutting, Mary Adelaide (1858-1948), was a Canadian-born leader in the development of professional
nursing in the United States.
12691 Nye, Bill (1850-1896), was a popular American humorist.
12692 Nye, Gerald Prentice (1892-1971), was an American politician and newspaperman.
12693
Nyerere, Julius Kambarage (1922-...), was president of Tanzania from 1964 until he retired in 1985.
12694 Nylon is the general term for a group of synthetic products.
12695 Nymph was a lovely maiden of mythology who guarded the different realms of nature.
12696 Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmical movement of the eyes.
12697 Nzinga a Nkuwa (?-1506), was the divine ruler of the Kongo kingdom in west-central Africa.
12698 Nzo, Alfred (1925-...), became South Africa's minister of foreign affairs in 1994.
12699 O is the 15th letter in the English alphabet.
12700 Oadby and Wigston (pop. 51,500) is a local government district and borough in Leicestershire, England,
containing the former urban districts of Oadby and Wigston.
12701 Oak is any of a large variety of trees or shrubs that bear acorns.
12702 Oak Apple Day, by an Act of Parliament of 1664, was celebrated on May 29, the birthday of King Charles
II. It was a day of thanksgiving for the king's restoration to the English throne.
12703 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is one of the largest energy research and
development centres in the United States.
12704 Oakland, (pop. 372,242) is one of the busiest shipping centres in California, U.S.A. Oakland lies on the
eastern shore of the San Francisco Bay.
12705 Oakley, Annie (1860-1926), was a famous American sharpshooter (expert with a rifle) who starred in
Buffalo Bill's Wild West show for over 16 years.
12706 Oakum is loose fibre obtained by untwisting and picking at old, tarred hemp ropes.
12707 Oamaru (pop. 12,652), is the largest town and main port of northern Otago in the South Island of New
Zealand.
12708 Oarfish is the longest bony fish.
12709 Oasis is a British rock band.
12710 Oasis is a fertile area with vegetation in a desert where underground water comes close enough to the
surface for wells and springs to exist.
12711 Oates, Joyce Carol (1938-...), is an American author.
12712 Oates, Lawrence Edward Grace (1880-1912), was a British army officer and a member of the British
expedition to Antarctica led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott.
12713 Oates, Titus (1649-1705), was an English Protestant extremist who, in 1678, made up the story of a plan
by Roman Catholics to assassinate King Charles II and destroy Protestantism.
12714 Oatmeal is a food product prepared from oats.
12715 Oats are an important grain crop.
12716
Oaxaca, officially Oaxaca de Juarez (pop. 157,284), is the capital of Oaxaca, a state in southern Mexico.
12717 Ob River, is one of the chief rivers of Russia in Asia.
12718
Obadiah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, named after an Israelite prophet.
12719 Obelisk is a great, upright, four-sided stone pillar.
12720 Oberammergau (pop. 4,664) is a Bavarian village 72 kilometres southwest of Munich in southern
Germany.
12721 Oboe is the smallest and highest-pitched of the double-reed woodwinds.
12722 Obote, Apollo Milton (1926-...), served as president of Uganda from 1966 until 1971 and from 1980 until
1985.
12723 O'Boyle, Patrick Aloysius Cardinal (1896-1987), an American, was made a cardinal of the Roman
Catholic Church in 1967, by Pope Paul VI. Cardinal O'Boyle served as archbishop of Washington D.C.,
from 1947 until he resigned in 1973.
12724 Obregon, Alvaro (1880-1928), a Mexican soldier, statesman, and rancher, succeeded Venustiano
Carranza as president of Mexico, in 1920 (see CARRANZA, VENUSTIANO).
12725 O'Brien, Conor Cruise (1917-...), an Irish diplomat and writer, became a member of Seanad Eireann in
1977 but resigned his seat in June 1979.
12726 O'Brien, Edna (1932-...), an Irish novelist, established her reputation with her first novel, The Country
Girls, published in 1961.
12727 O'Brien, Flann (1912-1966), was a pen name of the Irish writer Brian O Nuallain.
12728 O'Brien, William Smith (1803-1864), represented Ireland in the British House of Commons.
12729 Obscenity and pornography are terms used to designate written, recorded, or pictorial material--including
films--that many people consider indecent and thus find offensive.
12730 Observatory is a building or an institution where astronomers study the sun, planets, stars, and other
objects in the universe.
12731
Obsidian is a natural glass formed when hot lava flows onto the surface of the earth and cools quickly.
12732 Obstetrics and gynaecology are related fields of female medical care.
12733 Ocarina is a small toy wind instrument of the whistle type.
12734 O'Casey, Sean (1880-1964), was perhaps the greatest Irish playwright of his time.
12735 Occultism is a term that refers to a wide range of beliefs and practices involving magic or forces outside
the natural world.
12736 Occupancy is a legal method by which a person or nation acquires title to something that no one else
owns.
12737 Occupational therapy is the use of practical activities to treat physical or mental disabilities.
12738 Ocean is the great body of water that covers more than 70 per cent of the earth's surface.
12739 Oceanus, in Greek mythology, was the river that was believed to encircle the world.
12740 Ocelot is a medium-sized animal of the cat family.
12741 Ocho Rios is a resort of natural beauty in Jamaica.
12742 Ochre is a kind of earth which is ground to a fine powder and used as a pigment with linseed oil or some
other oil to form artist's paint.
12743 O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847), an Irish statesman, helped lead the struggle of Roman Catholics to gain
political rights in Britain.
12744
O'Connor, C. Y. (1843-1902), was the engineer responsible for the scheme to supply fresh water to the
goldfields of Western Australia by pipeline from a catchment area and storage dam 557 kilometres away.
12745 O'Connor, Feargus (1794-1855), became a leader of the Chartist movement, a national campaign for
social and political reform in the United Kingdom in the 1830's.
12746 O'Connor, Flannery (1925-1964), was an American author whose novels and stories are filled with terror
and violence.
12747 O'Connor, Frank (1903-1966), was the pen name of Michael O'Donovan, an Irish author who gained
fame for his short stories about life in Ireland.
12748 O'Connor, Thomas Power (1848-1929), was an Irish journalist and politician who was a vigorous
champion of Irish nationalism.
12749 Ocotillo is a shrub that grows in the deserts of Mexico and southwestern United States.
12750 Octagon is a plane figure with eight sides.
12751 Octahedron is any solid figure that has eight faces.
12752
Octane is any of 18 chemical compounds that consist of 8 carbon atoms and 18 hydrogen atoms.
12753 Octane number is a number that tells how well a motor fuel resists "knocking." "Knocking" occurs when
the last of the fuel in an engine cylinder burns too soon or too fast.
12754 Octavia (69?-11 B.C.), was the older half-sister of the Roman ruler Octavian, who became the emperor
Augustus in 27 B.C. Octavia married Octavian's co-ruler Mark Antony in 40 B.C. The marriage sealed a
peace pact that ended a civil war between Octavi
12755 Octillion. In the United Kingdom, an octillion is 1 followed by 48 zeros.
12756 October is the 10th month of the year according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost all
the world today.
12757 Octopus is a sea animal with a rounded body, large eyes, and eight long arms.
12758 O Dalaigh, Cearbhall (1911-1978), was president of the Republic of Ireland from 1974 to 1976.
12759 Ode is a poem of moderate length that usually expresses exalted praise.
12760 Oder River is an important waterway in central Europe.
12761 Odessa (pop. 1,106,000) is a seaport city in Ukraine.
12762 Odets, Clifford (1906-1963), an American dramatist, is best known for his plays of social conflict written
during the 1930's.
12763 Odin was the chief god in Norse mythology.
12764 Odoacer (A.D. 434?-493), was the Germanic leader who overthrew the last emperor of Rome in the
West, ending the West Roman Empire.
12765 O'Donnell, Hugh Roe (1571?-1602), took a leading part in the Irish resistance to English rule in the late
1500's.
12766 O'Dowd, Bernard (1866-1953), an Australian poet, was widely acclaimed in his time.
12767 Odyssey, an epic poem, is perhaps the most influential and most popular work in ancient Greek
literature.
12768 Oedema is the swelling of body tissues caused by build-up of fluid in the spaces between cells.
12769 Oedipus was a king of Thebes in Greek mythology.
12770 Oedipus complex, a concept used in psychoanalysis, is a child's unconscious desire for the exclusive
love of the parent of the opposite sex.
12771 Oersted is a unit used mainly to express the intensity of strength of a magnetic field caused by an
electric current in a wire.
12772 Oersted, Hans Christian (1777-1851), a Danish physicist and chemist, laid the foundation for the science
of electromagnetism (see ELECTROMAGNETISM).
12773 Oesophagus, also called gullet, is the muscular canal that carries food from the lower part of the pharynx
to the stomach.
12774 Oestrogen is any of a group of chemically similar hormones that cause the growth and development of
female sexual characteristics in human beings and other animals.
12775 Oestrous cycle is the process that prepares the females of most species of mammals for mating and
bearing young.
12776 O'Faolain, Sean (1900-1991), became known as a leading Irish author.
12777 Offaly is a county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
12778 Offa's Dyke is an ancient earthwork between England and Wales.
12779 Offenbach, Jacques (1819-1880), a French composer, created the French style of operetta.
12780
Offset is a printing process in which the printing is done first on the rubber surface of a rotating cylinder.
12781 O Fiaich, Tomas Cardinal (1923-1990), became Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of
All Ireland in 1977.
12782 O'Flaherty, Liam (1896-1984), was an Irish writer of novels and short stories.
12783
Ogdon, John (1937-1989), an English concert pianist, won international fame while in his early twenties.
12784 Oglethorpe, James Edward (1696-1785), an Englishman, was the founder of the American colony of
Georgia.
12785 Ogwr (pop. 130,500) was a local government district in Mid Glamorgan, Wales, administered from the
fast-developing industrial town of Bridgend.
12786 O'Hara, John (1905-1970), was an American novelist and short-story writer.
12787 O'Hara, John Francis Cardinal (1888-1960), archbishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., became a cardinal of
the Roman Catholic Church in 1958.
12788 Oh, Sadaharu (1940-...), became a famous Japanese baseball player.
12789 Ohia is a mountain apple tree that grows in Hawaii.
12790
O'Higgins, Bernardo (1778-1842), was the chief liberator of Chile and its first leader after independence.
12791 Ohio, a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, is one of the country's leading industrial
states.
12792 Ohio River is the second most heavily used commercial river in the United States.
12793 Ohm is the unit used to measure resistance to the passage of an electric current.
12794 Ohm, Georg Simon (1787-1854), a German physicist, in 1827 discovered the mathematical law of
electric currents called Ohm's law (see OHM'S LAW).
12795 Ohm's law is a mathematical formula that expresses the relationship between the electromotive force,
electric current, and resistance in a circuit.
12796 Oil. Any greasy substance that does not dissolve in water but can be dissolved in ether is classified as
an oil.
12797 Oil shale is a soft, fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil and natural gas are obtained.
12798 Oilbird is a cave-dwelling bird found in northern South America.
12799 Oilcloth is a heavy, waterproof cloth used to cover tables and walls that must often be washed.
12800 Oireachtas is the national Parliament of the Republic of Ireland.
12801 Oistrakh, David (1908-1974), was a leading Ukrainian violinist.
12802 Ojos del Salado is the second highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere.
12803 Okapi is a rare animal that lives in dense forests around the Congo River basin in Africa.
12804 Okavango, also called Cubango, is a river system in southern Africa.
12805
O'Keeffe, Georgia (1887-1986), was an American painter who found most of her inspiration in nature.
12806 O'Keefe, Johnny (1935-1978) was the first Australian rock'n'roll star to be given equal billing with
international performers.
12807 O'Kelly, Sean Thomas (1882-1966), an Irish patriot and statesman, was president of the Republic of
Ireland from 1945 to 1959.
12808 O'Kennedy, Michael (1936-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, was the Republic of Ireland's minister for
labour from 1991 to 1992.
12809 Okhotsk, Sea of, is a large arm of the north Pacific Ocean on the eastern boundary of Russia.
12810 Okinawa is the largest and most important island of the Ryukyu Islands, a chain of islands in the North
Pacific Ocean.
12811 Oklahoma is a major fuel and food producing state in the southwestern part of the United States.
12812
Oklahoma City (pop. 444,719; met. area pop. 958,839) is the capital and largest city of Oklahoma.
12813 Okra, also known as "lady's fingers", is a plant cultivated for its immature pods, which are used in stews,
to thicken and flavour soup, and as a vegetable.
12814 Okri, Ben (1959-...), is a Nigerian novelist.
12815 Olav V (1903-1991), became king of Norway in 1957 when his father, King Haakon VII, died.
12816 Old age cannot be defined exactly because it does not have the same meaning in all societies.
12817 Old Bailey is the common name for the Central Criminal Court in London.
12818 Old Catholic churches are a group of Christian churches that split away from the Roman Catholic
Church.
12819 Old English sheepdog is best known for its long hair, "bobbed" tail, and odd, shuffling walk.
12820 Old Mill is a tourist attraction in Perth, Australia.
12821 Old Sarum is a large, cone-shaped hill about 90 metres high and surrounded with earthworks.
12822 Old Sydney Town is a re-creation of the early buildings of Sydney as they looked in 1810.
12823 Old Testament is the Christian name for the Jewish Bible.
12824 Old Vic is a theatre near Waterloo Station in London.
12825 Old World is a general term applied to the Eastern Hemisphere.
12826 Oldenburg, Claes (1929-...), is an American sculptor who became a leader of the pop art movement
during the early 1960's.
12827 Oldham (pop. 211,400) is a town in Greater Manchester, England.
12828 Olds, Ransom Eli (1864-1950), was an American pioneer inventor and manufacturer of motorcars.
12829 Oleander is an ornamental flowering shrub which is valued as a house plant.
12830 O'Leary, Michael (1936-...), an Irish politician, led the Labour Party of Ireland from June 1981 to October
1982.
12831 Olgas are a group of large, rounded rock outcrops, located 32 kilometres west of Ayers Rock in the
Northern Territory of Australia.
12832 Oligarchy is any type of government in which power is held by relatively few people.
12833
Oliphant, Sir Mark (1901-...) , Australian physicist, was governor of South Australia from 1971 to 1976.
12834 Olive is the fruit of a tree that grows in subtropical regions.
12835 Olive oil is a fragrant, edible oil made from olives.
12836 Olivier, Laurence (1907-1989), became one of the leading English actors of the 1900's.
12837 Olivine is any of a group of common rock-forming minerals that consist of silicon, oxygen, magnesium,
and iron.
12838 Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822-1903), was an American landscape architect, city planner, and writer on
social issues.
12839 Olney, Richard (1835-1917), an American politician, held two Cabinet posts under president Grover
Cleveland.
12840 Olsen, John, (1928-...), one of Australia's leading painters, became known for one major work.
12841 Olson, Charles (1910-1970), was one of the most influential American poets of his time.
12842 Olympia is a valley about 18 kilometres from Pirgos, Greece.
12843 Olympiad. In the Greek system of telling time, an Olympiad was the period of four years that elapsed
between two successive celebrations of the Olympian, or Olympic, Games.
12844 Olympias (375?-316 B.C.), was the wife of Philip II of Macedonia, and the mother of Alexander the
Great.
12845 Olympic Games are the most important international athletic competition in the world.
12846 Olympic Mountains are part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, in the United States of America.
12847 Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece.
12848 Omagh (pop. 45,568) is a local government district in Northern Ireland, centred on the town of Omagh,
about 100 kilometres west of Belfast.
12849 Omaha (pop. 335,795; met. area pop. 535,634) is the largest city in Nebraska.
12850 O'Malley, Desmond (1939-...), was the founder and first leader of the Progressive Democrats, a political
party in the Republic of Ireland.
12851 O'Malley, Grace, was an Irish queen of the 1500's.
12852 O'Malley, King (1854-1953), a member of the Australian Labor Party, served in the House of
Representatives from 1906 to 1917.
12853 Oman is a small country in the southeast corner of the Arabian Peninsula.
12854 Oman, Sir Charles (1860-1946), was a British historian noted for his military histories.
12855 Omar ibn al-Khattab (586?-644), was the second caliph (successor to Muhammad as leader of the
Muslim community) after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632.
12856 Omar Khayyam (1048-1131), was a Persian poet, astronomer, and mathematician.
12857 Ombudsman refers in the United Kingdom to a public official more correctly called the parliamentary
commissioner for administration.
12858 Omdurman (pop. 526,827) is the largest city in Sudan.
12859 Omen is supposedly a sign of future good or bad luck.
12860 Omm Kalthum (1910-1975), an Egyptian singer, became known as "the mother of Middle Eastern
music."
12861 Omnivore is an animal that eats both animals and plants.
12862 Omsk (pop. 1,159,000) is an important manufacturing centre of Russia.
12863 On-line service is a business that provides access to the Internet (the global computer network), and
offers a wide range of original content not available on the Internet.
12864 Onager is a fast-running relative of the donkey.
12865 Onassis, Aristotle Socrates (1906-1975), a Greek shipowner and business executive, became one of the
world's wealthiest individuals.
12866 Oncology is the study of the development, treatment, and prevention of cancer.
12867 O'Neale, Peggy (1796-1879), was a central figure in one of the greatest society disputes in the history of
Washington, D.C.
12868 O'Neill, Lord (1914-1990), Baron O'Neill of the Maine, was prime minister of Northern Ireland from 1963
to 1969.
12869 O'Neill, Eugene Gladstone (1888-1953), is considered America's greatest playwright.
12870 O'Neill, Owen Roe (1590?-1649), was an Irish patriot and soldier.
12871 Onion is a vegetable that has a strong odour and flavour.
12872 Onn bin Ja'afar, Dato (1895-1962), was the most outstanding political and administrative figure in
Malaya before the country gained its independence from British rule in 1957.
12873 Onslow, Arthur (1691-1768), was speaker of the British House of Commons from 1728 to 1761 (see
PARLIAMENT).
12874 Ontario (pop 10,084,885) is a Canadian province.
12875 Onyx is a term used loosely to apply to a banded carbonate rock and also to agate, a fine-grained
variety of quartz (see AGATE).
12876 Oodnadatta (pop. 163) is a town in South Australia.
12877 Ooze is a name for the mud found on the bottom of the ocean in deep waters.
12878 Opal is a gemstone that contains a rainbow of colours.
12879 Oparin, Alexander Ivanovich (1894-1980), was a Soviet biochemist.
12880 Open shop is a business that employs both union and nonunion workers.
12881
Open University is the name of several national organizations that offer degree, diploma, vocational,
professional, and other adult education courses to adults who study at home or at work.
12882 Opera is a drama in which the characters sing, rather than speak, all or most of their lines.
12883 Operating system is a program that controls all the functions of a computer.
12884 Operetta is a type of musical theatre that was popular from the mid-1800's to the 1920's.
12885 Ophir, a former gold-mining township, is of historical interest as the site of one of Australia's first gold
rushes.
12886 Ophthalmia is a name for severe diseases affecting the eye membranes.
12887 Ophthalmology is the field of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.
12888 Ophthalmoscope is an optical instrument for examining the interior of the eye.
12889 Opiate is any drug made from or containing opium.
12890 Opie, John (1761-1807), was an English painter of portraits and historical scenes.
12891 Opium is a drug that serves as the source of several medicines, including codeine and morphine.
12892 Opo was a friendly, playful dolphin that lived in the sea near Opononi, a township on the northwest coast
of New Zealand, from December 1955 until its death in March 1956.
12893 Opossum is any member of a family of furry mammals that live in the Western Hemisphere.
12894 Oppenheimer is the family name of two business leaders who played an important part in the
development of mining in South Africa in the 1900's.
12895 Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967), an American physicist, became known as the father of the atomic
bomb.
12896 Opperman, Sir Hubert (1904-...), was Australia's champion road cyclist from 1924 to 1929.
12897 Opposition is a term that describes the relative position of two celestial bodies when the earth comes
closest to being directly between them.
12898 Optical character recognition (OCR), is a function by which special software converts printed text into a
format that can be edited with a word-processing programme.
12899 Optical disc is a flat, round platter on which sounds, pictures, or text are recorded.
12900 Optical illusion. As we look down a long, straight road, we see that it seems to grow narrower in the
distance.
12901 Optics is the branch of physics and engineering that is concerned with the properties of light.
12902 Optometry is a profession devoted to the care of vision.
12903
Oracle, in the ancient Greek world, was a shrine where people consulted special priests or priestesses.
12904 Oran (pop. 663,504) is a Mediterranean Sea port in Algeria.
12905 Orange is a popular citrus fruit enjoyed by people throughout the world.
12906 Orange (pop. 32,846) is a city in New South Wales, Australia.
12907 Orange River is the longest river in South Africa.
12908 Orangemen are members of the Orange Society, an organisation based in Northern Ireland which
supports Protestant Christianity and civil and religious freedom.
12909 Orangutan is a large, rare ape that lives in the rain forests of Sumatra and Borneo.
12910 Oratorio is a dramatic musical composition for singers.
12911 Oratory is the art of skilful speaking.
12912 Orbit is the path of a natural or artificial object that moves under the influence of a central force.
12913 Orchestra is a group of musicians who play together on various instruments.
12914 Orchestra bells imitate the effect of real bells of cast bronze.
12915 Orchid is any of an extremely large family of plants, many of which bear beautiful flowers.
12916 Orczy, Baroness (1865-1947), was a Hungarian-born author known chiefly for her adventure-filled
novels and detective stories.
12917 Ord River, in Western Australia, rises near Halls Creek and flows northward for 480 kilometres into
Cambridge Gulf, near Wyndham.
12918 Order is a unit of scientific classification.
12919 Order in Council. Decrees issued by the British Crown when matters of great importance confront the
nation are called Orders in Council.
12920 Ordnance is a military term used for weapons and ammunition.
12921 Ordnance Survey (OS) is the official mapping organization of Great Britain.
12922 Ore is a bronze coin used in Sweden.
12923 Ore is a coin used in Denmark and Norway.
12924 Ore is a mineral or a rock that contains enough of a metal to make it worth mining.
12925
Oregon, a Pacific Coast state of the United States, is known for its vast forests of evergreen trees.
12926 Oregon grape is the state flower of Oregon, U.S.A. This wild plant, also called the Oregon hollygrape,
grows from western Oregon through Washington into British Columbia, Canada.
12927 Oregon Territory was created after the settlement in 1846 of a boundary dispute in what is now the
United States between America and Great Britain.
12928 Oregon Trail was the longest of the great overland routes used in the westward expansion of the United
States.
12929 O'Reilly, Bernard (1903-1975), an Australian writer and a well-known bushman, became famous for his
books Green Mountains (1940) and Cullenbenbong (1944).
12930
O'Reilly, Bill (1905-1992), known as Tiger Bill, was one of the finest bowlers in Australian cricket history.
12931 O'Reilly, Tony (1936-...), became president and chief executive officer of the United States food
manufacturer H. J. Heinz Company in 1979.
12932 Orellana, Francisco de (1511?-1546), a Spanish explorer, headed the first expedition by Europeans to
navigate the entire length of the Amazon River in South America.
12933 Orestes, in Greek mythology, was the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, the rulers of Mycenae, or
Argos.
12934 Orff, Carl (1895-1982), was a German composer and music educator.
12935 Organ is a keyboard musical instrument.
12936 Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon atoms.
12937 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an association of 29 nations in
Western Europe, North America, and the Pacific area.
12938 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) is an international association of countries
that work to increase their security.
12939 Organization of African Unity (OAU) is an association of African nations.
12940 Organization of American States (OAS) is an association of 35 American countries.
12941 Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is an international organization of Muslim countries based
in Jidda, Saudi Arabia.
12942 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an association of 12 nations that depend
heavily on oil exports for their incomes.
12943 O'Riada, Sean (1931-1971), was an Irish musician and composer.
12944 Orient is another name for the Asian countries and islands, or the East.
12945 Orienteering is a sport in which competitors travel on foot from point to point, using maps and
compasses.
12946 Origami is the art of folding paper into decorative objects.
12947 Orinoco River is a South American river.
12948 Oriole is the name of two different groups of woodland birds that have bright plumage, mainly yellow and
black or red and black.
12949 Orion, the Hunter, is a brilliant constellation that includes two of the brightest stars in the sky.
12950 Orion was a handsome and energetic hunter in Greek mythology.
12951 Orissa is a state on the northeastern coast of India.
12952 Orizaba, Pico de, is the highest mountain in Mexico and the third highest in North America.
12953 Orkney is a group of 67 islands and many islets lying off the northern coast of Scotland.
12954 Orlando, Florida (pop. 164,693), is a popular winter resort and tourist centre in the United States.
12955 Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele (1860-1952), served as prime minister of Italy from 1917 to 1919.
12956 Orleans was the name of two branches of the royal French family, the houses of Valois-Orleans and
Bourbon-Orleans (see BOURBON; VALOIS).
12957 Orleans (pop. 107,965; met. area pop. 243,153) is an important commercial centre in north-central
France.
12958 Ormandy, Eugene (1899-1985), became one of the world's best-known conductors during his long
career in the United States as director of the Philadelphia Orchestra.
12959 Ornithology is the scientific study of birds.
12960 Ornithopter is a machine designed to fly by flapping its wings like a bird.
12961 Orozco, Jose Clemente (1883-1949), was a Mexican painter.
12962 Orpen, Sir William (1878-1931), was an Irish painter.
12963 Orpheus was a musician in Greek and Roman mythology.
12964
Orr, Bobby (1948-...), became famous as one of the greatest defencemen in the history of the U.S's.
12965 Orrisroot is the dried, sweet-smelling rhizome (underground stem) of certain irises.
12966 Ortega, Daniel (1945-...), was head of Nicaragua's government from 1979 until 1990.
12967 Ortega y Gasset, Jose (1883-1955), was a Spanish philosopher and essayist.
12968 Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that prevents and corrects irregular positions of the teeth.
12969 Orthopaedics is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the bones and muscles and their
associated tissues.
12970
Orwell, George, was the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), an English novelist and social critic.
12971 Oryx is the name of three species of antelope that live in desert regions.
12972 Osage orange is a small- to medium-sized tree planted across the United States for hedges, ornamental
purposes, and shade.
12973 Osaka (pop. 2,636,260) is the third largest city in Japan.
12974 Osborne, John (1929-1994), an English dramatist, became famous with his first important play, Look
Back in Anger (1956).
12975 Oscan was a language used by one of the earliest known peoples of Italy.
12976 Oscilloscope is an electronic instrument that displays changing electrical signals.
12977 O'Shane, Pat (1941-...), an Australian lawyer, became Australia's first Aboriginal judge in 1996.
12978 Osier is the name of certain shrubs and small trees in the willow family.
12979 Osiris was an Egyptian fertility god who became the chief god of the underworld.
12980
Osler, Sir William (1849-1919), was a Canadian doctor and one of the greatest medical educators.
12981 Oslo (pop. 449,220) is the capital and largest city of Norway.
12982
Osmena, Sergio (1878-1961), a Filipino statesman, was president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946.
12983 Osmium is a hard metallic element, symbol Os.
12984 Osmosis is the movement of liquid from one solution into another through a membrane that separates
them.
12985 Osprey, also called fish hawk, is a fish-eating bird.
12986
Ostend (pop. 69,129) is a Belgian city on the North Sea, about 125 kilometres northwest of Brussels.
12987 Osteology is the science concerned with the structure and function of bones.
12988
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone and bone marrow, the jellylike material in the core of bones.
12989 Osteopathic medicine is a system of medical care based on the belief that all body systems are
interrelated.
12990 Osteoporosis is a loss of bone tissue.
12991 Osteosclerosis means hardening, thickening, and increased density of bone.
12992 Ostrava (pop. 331,448) is one of the largest cities in the Czech Republic.
12993 Ostrich is the largest living bird.
12994 Ostwald, Wilhelm (1853-1932), a German chemist, writer, and teacher, won the 1909 Nobel Prize for
chemistry.
12995 Oswald, Lee Harvey (1939-1963), was accused of assassinating John F. Kennedy, president of the
United States, on Nov. 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.
12996
Oswestry (pop. 33,600) is a local government district in the northwest part of Shropshire, England.
12997 Otis, Elisha Graves (1811-1861), was an American inventor who built the first lift with an automatic
safety device.
12998 O'Toole, Patrick (1938-...), a Fine Gael politician, was the Republic of Ireland's minister for defence and
for the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking regions) from 1986 until 1987.
12999 O'Toole, Peter (1932-...), a stage and screen actor, achieved one of his greatest successes as Hamlet in
the National Theatre's opening production in 1963.
13000 O'Toole, Saint Laurence (1130?-1180), was archbishop of Dublin, Ireland.
13001 Otoscope is an instrument that doctors use to examine the eardrum.
13002 Ottawa, Ontario, is the capital of Canada.
13003 Otter is a member of the weasel family.
13004 Otter hound is a breed of dog that was developed in Great Britain for the sport of hunting otters.
13005 Otto was the name of three German kings and emperors, father, son, and grandson.
13006 Otto I (1815-1867), a Bavarian prince, became the first king of Greece after it was liberated from Turkey
in 1830 (see GREECE [History]).
13007 Ottoman Empire was the most powerful empire in the world during the 1500's and 1600's.
13008 Otway, Thomas (1652-1685), was an English Restoration dramatist.
13009
Ouagadougou (pop. 442,223) is the capital and largest city of the West African republic of Burkina Faso.
13010 Oudtshoorn (pop. 33,480) is a tourist resort in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
13011 Ouija board is a device used to supposedly ask questions of the spirits of the dead and receive answers
from them.
13012 Ounce is a measure of weight and of volume.
13013 Ouse is the name of four major rivers in England.
13014 Oursler, Fulton (1893-1952), was an American writer and editor.
13015 Outboard motor is a petrol or electric motor attached to the stern of a boat.
13016 Outcault, Richard Felton (1863-1928), was an American cartoonist.
13017 Outline is a short summary of the main topics or principal ideas of a written work or a speech.
13018 Outrigger is either of two kinds of boats or two kinds of boat devices.
13019 Outward Bound Trust runs a group of schools in Britain designed to strengthen the character of young
people through adventure.
13020 Ovary is either of a pair of female sex organs that store and release eggs.
13021 Ovens River is located in northeastern Victoria, Australia.
13022 Ovenbird refers to two types of American birds that build domed nests.
13023 Overland telegraph runs across Australia for 3,568 kilometres from Adelaide to Darwin, where it joins
telegraphic links with Asia and Europe.
13024 Overlanders is an Australian term for men who drive sheep or cattle long distances through undeveloped
country.
13025
Overture is an instrumental composition that introduces a longer musical work, especially an opera.
13026 Ovett, Steve (1955-...), one of Britain's greatest track athletes, won fame for his record-breaking
successes and his rivalry with another British athlete, Sebastian Coe.
13027 Ovid (43 B.C.-A.D. 17?) was a great Roman poet.
13028 Oviparous animal is an animal that reproduces by means of fertilized eggs that develop outside of the
mother's body.
13029 Owen is the family name of two social theorists, father and son.
13030 Owen, David (1938-...), is a British politician who led the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1983 to
1987.
13031 Owen, Goronwy (1728-1769?), was a Welsh poet and clergyman.
13032 Owen, Wilfred (1893-1918), was a British World War I poet.
13033 Owen Gun was an Australian-designed and manufactured submachine gun.
13034 Owens, Jesse (1913-1980), was an American athletics star.
13035 Owl is a type of bird that usually lives alone and hunts for food at night.
13036 Ox. Oxen include domestic cattle, water buffalo, bison, musk oxen, brahman, yak, banteng, and other
members of the bovine family.
13037 Oxalic acid is a strong organic acid found in many vegetables and other plants.
13038 Oxalis is the name of a large group of plants that grow chiefly in South Africa and South America.
13039
Oxbow lake is a crescent-shaped lake that forms when a river channel is cut off from the main stream.
13040 Oxenstierna, Axel Gustafsson (1583-1654), a Swedish statesman, was friend and adviser to King
Gustavus Adolphus.
13041 Oxford (pop. 109,000) is a local government district in Oxfordshire, England.
13042 Oxford Movement is the name given to a revival in the Church of England, the official state church in
England, which began in 1833 at Oxford.
13043 Oxford University is the oldest university in Great Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions
of higher learning.
13044 Oxfordshire is an agricultural county with unspoilt scenery, beautiful villages, and historic houses that
attract many tourists.
13045 Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons.
13046 Oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with some other element.
13047 Oxley, John (1785?-1828), was a surveyor general of New South Wales, Australia.
13048 Oxygen is a life-supporting gas and a chemical element.
13049
Oyster is a type of shellfish found in oceans and coastal inlets in regions with mild to tropical climates.
13050 Oystercatcher is the name of several species of wading birds that live on seacoasts in most parts of the
world.
13051 Oz, Amos (1939-...), is an Israeli novelist from the first generation of Israeli-born Jewish writers.
13052 Ozalid process is a method of producing copies of documents.
13053 Ozawa, Seiji (1935-...), is one of the outstanding orchestra conductors of his time.
13054 Ozone is a form of oxygen that is present in the earth's atmosphere in small amounts.
13055 P is the 16th letter of the English alphabet.
13056 Pa was a fortified Maori village.
13057 Paarl (pop. 73,415), a town in the Western Cape Province, is the third oldest colonial settlement in South
Africa.
13058 Paca is a large rodent found in the tropics of North and South America.
13059 Pachmann, Vladimir de (1848-1933), was a Russian pianist.
13060 Pachomius, Saint (290?-346), a Christian monk from Egypt, founded the first Christian religious
communities called monasteries.
13061 Pachyderm is one of the pachydermata, a zoological classification that has been abandoned.
13062 Pacific Islands, also called Oceania, is the name given to a group of many thousands of islands
scattered across the Pacific Ocean.
13063 Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world.
13064 Pacific Rim is a term widely used to describe countries that border the Pacific Ocean.
13065 Pacifism is a belief that rejects the use of violence.
13066 Pacino, Al (1940-...), is an Italian-American film actor.
13067 Packaging is the preparation of goods for distribution and sale in bottles, boxes, tin cans, and other
containers.
13068 Packer is the name of two Australian publishers.
13069 Paddle steamer is a steamship driven by paddle wheels.
13070 Paddlefish is the name of two species of primitive freshwater fish, with sharklike fins and an elongated
snout.
13071 Pademelon is a small kind of wallaby.
13072 Paderewski, Ignace Jan (1860-1941), was a Polish pianist, composer, and statesman.
13073 Padua (pop. 231,337) stands on the Bacchiglione River, 35 kilometres southwest of Venice.
13074 Paediatrics is the branch of medicine concerned with the care of children.
13075 Pagan is a volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean.
13076 Paganini, Niccolo (1782-1840), an Italian musician and composer, became one of the greatest violinists
of all time.
13077
Page, Sir Earle (1880-1961), an Australian politician, was leader of the Country Party from 1920 to 1939.
13078 Page, Walter Hines (1855-1918), was an American editor and diplomat.
13079 Page, William Tyler (1868-1942), produced The American's Creed as his winning submission in a
nationwide contest for writing a national creed.
13080 Pageant is a spectacular show.
13081 Pagoda is a type of tower commonly associated with Buddhist temples.
13082 Pahang is an eastern state of Peninsular Malaysia which developed an offshore oil and gas industry in
the 1980's.
13083 Paignton is a popular seaside resort and a fishing port in Devon, England.
13084 Pain is an unpleasant sensation.
13085 Paine, Thomas (1737-1809), was a famous English-born American pamphleteer, agitator, and writer on
politics and religion.
13086 Paint is a substance that provides colour and protection for surfaces.
13087 Painted Desert is a brilliantly coloured plateau region that extends for about 320 kilometres along the
Little Colorado River in north-central Arizona, U.S.A.
13088 Painted lady is the name of two species of butterflies, so named because of their attractive wing
patterns.
13089
Painter refers to the artist who paints pictures, and also to the skilled worker in the building trades.
13090 Painter's colic, which is sometimes called lead colic, is a severe pain in the abdomen due to lead
poisoning.
13091 Painting is one of the oldest and most important arts.
13092 Paisley is a city in western Scotland located about 11 kilometres west of Glasgow.
13093 Paisley, Ian (1926-...), is a Northern Ireland Presbyterian minister known for his hardline support of
Northern Ireland's status as a province of the United Kingdom (see UNIONIST PARTIES).
13094 Pakistan is a Muslim nation in southern Asia.
13095 Palaeography is the study of ancient and medieval handwriting.
13096 Palaeontology is the scientific study of animals, plants, and other organisms that lived in prehistoric
times--that is, more than 5,500 years ago.
13097 Palanquin, a device like a litter, was used for many years by Chinese and Japanese, much as
Westerners use taxis.
13098 Palate is the roof of the mouth.
13099 Palatinate was the name of two small countries of the old German Empire.
13100 Palau Islands (pop. 18,000) is a small island nation in the western Pacific Ocean.
13101 Palermo (pop. 699,691) is the capital and chief seaport of Sicily, an Italian island.
13102 Palestine, a small, historic land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, is one of the world's most
historic places.
13103 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is the political body that represents the Arab people of
Palestine.
13104
Palestrina, Giovanni (1525?-1594), was one of the greatest composers of the Italian Renaissance.
13105 Paley, William (1743-1805), was an English theologian and philosopher.
13106
Palindrome is a word, sentence, or verse that is spelled the same from right to left as from left to right.
13107 Palladio, Andrea (1508-1580), was an architect of the Italian Renaissance.
13108 Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd.
13109 Palm is a group of trees, vines, and shrubs that typically grow in warm and wet climates, especially in
the tropics.
13110 Palm Island is a cluster of islands 64 kilometres north of Townsville, and 32 kilometres east of Ingham, in
North Queensland, Australia.
13111 Palm oil, made from the fruit of the oil palm tree, is one of the most widely used vegetable oils in the
world.
13112 Palm Springs (pop. 40,181) is a resort city in southern California, U.S.A., that is surrounded by desert
and mountains.
13113 Palm Sunday is the Sunday before Easter and marks the beginning of Holy Week in the Christian
calendar.
13114 Palmer is a river in northern Queensland, Australia.
13115 Palmer, Arnold (1929-...), an American golfer, became one of the greatest and most popular players in
the history of the sport.
13116 Palmer, Geoffrey (1942-...), a Labour politician, served as prime minister of New Zealand from August
1989 to September 1990.
13117 Palmer, Samuel (1805-1881), an English landscape painter and etcher, is best known for his mystical
and imaginative pastoral scenes in watercolour.
13118 Palmer, Vance (1885-1959), an Australian author, excelled in character sketches and studies of ordinary
people in his short stories and novels.
13119 Palmerston, Viscount (1784-1865), an English statesman, served with distinction as a British foreign
secretary and prime minister.
13120 Palmerston North (pop. 67,405) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand.
13121 Palmetto is the name given to 14 species (kinds) of fan-leaved palm trees.
13122 Palmistry is the practice of foretelling the future by examining the lines and marks on the palm of the
human hand.
13123 Palmyra was an ancient Syrian city, about midway between the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
and the Euphrates River.
13124 Palmyra palm is a tree that grows throughout India and nearby islands and in other hot countries.
13125 Palomar Observatory is an astronomical observatory in southwestern California, U.S.A. It is best known
for its Hale telescope, which is one of the world's largest optical telescopes.
13126 Paloverde is a thorny little tree that grows in the dry regions of the southwestern United States and
northwestern Mexico.
13127 Palsy means the same as paralysis, the loss of movement or sensation (see PARALYSIS).
13128
Pamirs is a huge region, where the Himalaya, Hindu Kush, Kunlun, and Tian Shan mountains meet.
13129 Pampa is a Spanish word that means plain.
13130 Pampas grass is the name of some 20 species of grasses that form large clumps with tall silvery,
flowering plumes.
13131 Pamphlet is a short published work of topical interest.
13132 Pan was the god of woods and pastures in Greek mythology.
13133 Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) is a political party that represents the interests of black South
Africans.
13134 Pan-American conferences bring together representatives from countries of North, Central, and South
America.
13135
Pan American Games are a series of athletic contests, patterned after the Olympic Games and
sponsored by the Pan American Sports Organization, made up of 38 Western Hemisphere nations.
13136 Pan American Highway is a system of major roads that extends from the United States-Mexican border
to southern Chile.
13137 Pan American Union was the former name of the permanent body of the Organization of American
States (OAS).
13138
Panama is a small country in Central America that has worldwide importance as a transportation centre.
13139 Panama Canal is a waterway that cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and links the Atlantic Ocean and
the Pacific Ocean.
13140 Panama Canal Zone was a strip of land across the Isthmus of Panama that was governed by the United
States from 1903 to 1979.
13141
Panama City (pop. 389,172) is the capital and largest city of Panama, a country in Central America.
13142 Pancake Day is the name given to Shrove Tuesday in Britain.
13143 Pancasila are the five principles of the Indonesian state philosophy.
13144 Pancreas is a body organ found in human beings and all animals with backbones.
13145 Pancreatin is an extract of tissue from the pancreas gland, containing digestive enzymes.
13146 Panda is the name of two kinds of Asian animals.
13147 Pandit, Vijayalakshmi (1900-1990), one of India's most famous women, was distinguished for her work in
government and for her interest in the women's movement.
13148 Pandora, in Greek mythology, was the first woman.
13149 Pangolin is the name of several species of animals that resemble anteaters and armadillos.
13150 Panini was a grammarian of the ancient, Indian language of Sanskrit.
13151 Panipat, Battles of, took place around Panipat, which is now an Indian town and district in the state of
Haryana.
13152 Pankhurst, Emmeline Goulden (1858-1928), led the fight for women's voting rights in England.
13153 Panmunjom is the site of the truce talks that ended the Korean War in 1953.
13154 Pansy is a commonly cultivated type of violet.
13155 Pantheism is the belief that the essence of God is in all things.
13156 Pantheon is a well-preserved ancient temple in the centre of Rome.
13157 Panther is a name used loosely for certain members of the cat family.
13158 Pantograph is the name of a mechanical drawing instrument which copies, traces, or cuts in duplicate a
design, map outline, or drawing.
13159 Pantomime, in the British Isles, is a traditional Christmas entertainment.
13160 Papadopoulos, George (1919-...), headed the government of Greece from 1967 to 1973.
13161
Papal States was the name given to territory once ruled by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
13162 Papaya is a tropical fruit that has edible flesh and seeds.
13163 Papen, Franz von (1879-1969), was a German politician who helped make Adolf Hitler head of the
German government in 1933.
13164 Paper is one of the world's most important industrial products.
13165 Paper bag is one of our most useful items.
13166 Paperbarks are large Australasian trees that have loose bark that looks like paper hanging from their
trunks and branches.
13167 Paperwork refers to the use of decorative papers.
13168 Papier-mache is a mixture of paper and glue used in crafts and the fine arts.
13169 Papillon is a small breed of dog.
13170 Paprika is a red seasoning.
13171 Papua New Guinea is an independent country located in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia.
13172 Papyrus is an Egyptian water plant.
13173 Parable is a brief story, proverb, or saying that expresses a moral.
13174 Parabola is one of the curves most used in science.
13175 Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus (1493?-1541) was a Swiss doctor who introduced the use of drugs made
from minerals.
13176 Paracetamol is a commonly used drug that relieves pain and reduces fever.
13177 Parachute is a device used to slow the fall of a person or object from an aircraft or any other great
height.
13178 Parade is a public march or procession honouring a particular occasion.
13179 Paradise is a name for heaven.
13180 Paraffin is an important petroleum product, used chiefly as fuel.
13181 Paraffin wax is a white, partly clear, waxy solid that has no odour or taste.
13182 Paragraph is a section of a written work that consists of one or more sentences constructed and
arranged to function as a unit.
13183 Paraguay, a small landlocked country located near the centre of South America, is surrounded by three
countries--Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil.
13184 Paraguay River is a 2,549-kilometre river that flows southward through Paraguay, South America,
cutting the country in two.
13185 Paraguayan settlements. In 1893, William Lane, an Australian social reformer of the labour movement,
led a group of members of the New Australia Cooperative Settlement Association to establish a
settlement in Paraguay, in South America.
13186 Parakeet is a small member of the parrot family.
13187 Parallax is the difference in direction of an object when seen from two positions that are not in a direct
line with each other and the object.
13188 Paralysis is the loss of the ability to move.
13189 Paramaribo (pop. 180,000) is the capital, largest city, and chief port of Suriname, a country in
northeastern South America.
13190 Paramecium is a tiny one-celled organism that can hardly be seen without the microscope.
13191 Paramedic is a trained medical worker who takes the place of a doctor in certain situations.
13192 Parameswara (?-1414?) was a Sumatran prince who founded the Melakan Sultanate in Malaya.
13193 Parana (pop. 276,160) is a river port city in east-central Argentina.
13194
Parana River is the second longest river in South America, with a length of about 4,000 kilometres.
13195 Parani, Daing (?-1724), was the most famous leader of the Bugis, a warlike people from Sulawesi,
Indonesia.
13196 Parapsychology is the scientific study of certain alleged phenomena that do not exist according to
current scientific assumptions.
13197 Parasite is an organism that feeds and lives on another living organism, called a host.
13198 Parathyroid gland consists of four tiny glands that function as one gland.
13199 Parchment is an animal skin that has been prepared as a surface for writing.
13200 Pardon, in law, has two meanings.
13201 Pare, Ambroise (1510?-1590), was a Frenchman who became one of the greatest surgeons in the
history of medicine.
13202 Parent is a father or mother.
13203 Parenthesis is a word, phrase, or sentence added to another sentence for the purpose of extra
explanation, information, or comment.
13204 Parer, Damien (1912-1944), was an Australian photographer.
13205 Pareto, Vilfredo (1848-1923), was an Italian sociologist and economist known chiefly for his theories on
political behaviour.
13206 Paricutin is the most recent volcano to form in the Western Hemisphere.
13207 Paris, in Greek mythology, was a son of Priam, king of Troy.
13208 Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
13209 Paris, Comte de (1838-1894), a claimant to the French throne, became heir apparent on the death of his
father in 1842.
13210 Paris, Matthew (1200?-1259), was an English monk and historian.
13211 Paris, University of, is a government-supported university system in Paris and its suburbs.
13212 Paris conferences. Many international conferences have met in Paris, France.
13213 Parish is the smallest administrative unit of the Church of England.
13214 Parity, in physics, concerns the symmetry between an event and its reflection in a mirror.
13215 Park. Most parks are pieces of land set aside for the public to enjoy.
13216 Park, Mungo (1771-1806), a Scottish surgeon and explorer, was the first European to trace the course of
the Niger River in western Africa.
13217 Park, Ruth (1923-...), an Australian author, won the Miles Franklin award for her novel Swords and
Crowns and Rings in 1977.
13218 Park Chung Hee (1917-1979) served as president of South Korea from 1963 to 1979.
13219 Parker, Lord (1900-1972), Hubert Lister Parker, became lord chief justice of England in 1958.
13220 Parker, Charlie (1920-1955), an American alto saxophonist and composer, ranks among the most
influential musicians in jazz history.
13221 Parker, Dorothy (1893-1967), was an American poet and short-story writer.
13222 Parkes (pop. 13,901) is a town in central western New South Wales, Australia, about 370 kilometres
west of Sydney.
13223 Parkes, Sir Henry (1815-1896), served as premier of New South Wales, Australia, on five occasions,
between 1872 and 1891.
13224
Parkinson, Cecil (1931-...), a British Conservative Party politician, became minister of transport in 1989.
13225 Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain that reduces muscle control.
13226 Parkinson's law is a humorous criticism of the administration of business or government.
13227 Parkman, Francis (1823-1893), one of the United States' greatest historians, wrote vivid accounts of the
role of the Indians in North American history.
13228 Parks, Rosa Lee (1913-...), is a black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a
bus in Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.A. Her refusal, which occurred in 1955, helped bring about the civil
rights movement in the United States.
13229 Parliament is the national lawmaking body of Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and
other democratic countries.
13230 Parliament, European, is the directly elected Parliament of the European Union (EU) (see EUROPEAN
UNION; COMMON MARKET).
13231 Parliamentary procedure is a way to conduct a meeting in an orderly manner.
13232 Parma (pop. 176,750) is a city in northern Italy.
13233 Parma wallaby is a small, rare relative of the kangaroo.
13234 Parmenides was a Greek philosopher who lived about 500 B.C. He played an important part in
developing pre-Socratic philosophy.
13235 Parnaiba River rises in the Tabatinga Mountains near the border of the state of Goias, Brazil.
13236 Parnassus is a mountain in Phocis in Greece.
13237 Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846-1891), an Irish Nationalist leader, almost obtained home rule (selfgovernment)
for Ireland by constitutional means (see HOME RULE).
13238 Parody is a comic imitation of a literary work.
13239
Parole is the early release of criminals from prison, in most cases as a reward for good behaviour.
13240 Parramatta (pop. 130,783) is one of Sydney's largest local government areas and the geographic and
population centre of the Sydney metropolitan area.
13241 Parrington, Vernon Louis (1871-1929), was an American educator and historian.
13242 Parrish, Maxfield (1870-1966), an American painter and illustrator, portrayed a world of rich colour and
poetic fancy.
13243 Parrot is the name of a large group of colourful birds found chiefly in warm, tropical regions.
13244 Parrotfish is the name of a group of about 75 species of fish that live around coral reefs in tropical and
subtropical seas.
13245 Parry, Sir Hubert (1848-1918), a British composer, is best remembered for his choral music.
13246 Parry, Sir William (1790-1855), a British naval officer and Arctic explorer, led official expeditions in 1819,
1821, and 1824, in search of the Northwest Passage.
13247 Parsec is a traditional unit used in astronomy to measure the distance between stars.
13248 Parsees, also spelled Parsis, are members of the Zoroastrian community located mainly in the area of
Bombay, India.
13249 Parsing is a form of recitation involving the analysis of each word in a sentence.
13250 Parsley is a biennial vegetable, usually considered as a herb.
13251 Parsnip is a biennial vegetable with many deeply and finely lobed leaves.
13252 Parsons, Sir Charles (1854-1931), a British engineer, invented the steam-turbine engine, and built the
first turbine-powered steamship, Turbinia, in 1897.
13253 Parsons, Robert (1546-1610), led a Jesuit mission to England in 1580 with Edmund Campion (see
CAMPION, EDMUND).
13254 Parthenon is an ancient Greek temple in the city of Athens.
13255 Parthia was an ancient kingdom southeast of the Caspian Sea, in Asia.
13256 Participle is a verb form used as an adjective without losing its character as a verb.
13257 Particle accelerator is a device that speeds up the movement of tiny bits of matter.
13258 Partisans work behind enemy lines in wartime to weaken an opponent's hold on the partisans'
homeland, and to support the military operations of allies.
13259 Partnership is an association formed by two or more people to carry on a business.
13260 Parton, Dolly Rebecca (1946-...), an American country and pop music singer and songwriter, became a
top entertainer in the 1970's.
13261 Partridge is a stocky, medium-sized game bird.
13262 Partridge, Eric (1894-1979), was an expert in the study of the English language.
13263 Parts of speech are the word categories of the English language.
13264 Pasay (pop. 366,623) is a city on Luzon Island, south of Manila in the Philippines.
13265 Pascal, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure pressure (force per unit of area).
13266 Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662), was a French physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.
13267 Pascal's law, also called Pascal's principle, describes the effect of applying pressure on a fluid in a
closed container.
13268 Paschal II (?-1118) was elected pope in 1099.
13269 Pasmore, Victor (1908-...), is a British painter best known for his abstract compositions.
13270 Paspalums are types of grass that grow naturally in tropical places and temperate America.
13271 Pasqueflower is the name of small plants related to anemones, with large flowers that open early in the
spring.
13272 Passenger pigeon is an extinct bird that was formerly abundant in eastern North America.
13273 Passion music is a vocal composition that dramatically tells the Gospel story of the suffering and
Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
13274 Passion play is a dramatic performance that presents the death and resurrection of a god.
13275 Passionflower is a woody vine that has unusual blossoms.
13276
Passover is a Jewish festival that celebrates the flight of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, probably in
the 1200's B.C. The story of Passover is told in the Bible in Chapter 12 of the Book of Exodus.
13277
Passport is a travel document that identifies the holder as a citizen of the country by which it is issued.
13278 Pasta is a food made chiefly from flour and water.
13279 Pasternak, Boris (1890-1960), was a Russian poet and fiction writer.
13280 Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895), a French scientist, made major contributions to chemistry, medicine, and
industry that have greatly benefited humanity.
13281 Pasteurization is a method of preserving food.
13282 Paston letters are the correspondence of the Paston family, landowners in Norfolk, England, during the
1400's.
13283 Pastore, John Orlando (1907-...), became the first person of Italian descent to win election as a state
governor and then as a United States senator.
13284
Pastry is baked from a stiff, short dough that is composed basically of flour, salt, shortening, and water.
13285 Pasture is land from which cattle, horses, sheep, and other livestock and wildlife get their food by
grazing.
13286 Patagonia is a region in southern South America.
13287 Patch, Alexander McCarrell, Jr. (1889-1945), was a U.S. general who commanded U.S. forces in the
Pacific and in Europe during World War II (1939-1945).
13288 Patchouli is a strongly fragrant oil used in making perfumes.
13289 Patent is a document issued by a national government granting an inventor exclusive rights to an
invention for a limited time.
13290 Pater, Walter Horatio (1839-1894), an English essayist and critic, influenced the artistic taste of many
Englishmen in the late 1800's.
13291 Paterson, Banjo (1864-1941), was the pen name of Andrew Barton Paterson, an Australian poet, lawyer,
and grazier.
13292 Paterson, William (1755-1810), a British soldier, became an administrator in Australia.
13293 Pathfinder force was formed within the British Royal Air Force in 1942, during World War II (1939-1945),
under the command of the Australian airman Group Captain Donald Bennett.
13294 Pathology is the study of disease processes or any condition that limits the power, length, or enjoyment
of life.
13295 Patience is the name of many card games that are played by one person.
13296 Patmore, Coventry (1823-1896), was an English poet.
13297 Patmos is a small volcanic island in the Aegean Sea, off the west coast of Turkey.
13298 Paton, Alan Stewart (1903-1988), was a South African writer best remembered for his novel Cry the
Beloved Country (1948).
13299 Patri, Angelo (1877-1965), was an American academic who won fame for his writings on child training,
and for his experiments in teaching.
13300 Patriarch was the father or ruler of a family or tribe in ancient times.
13301 Patricians were aristocrats of the early Roman Republic (509-264 B.C.).
13302 Patrick, Saint (about 389-461), is the patron saint of Ireland.
13303 Patriotism is the love and loyal support of one's country.
13304 Patron saints are saints chosen to protect the interests of a country, place, group, or activity, and to
intercede for them in heaven (see SAINT).
13305 Patten, Christopher Francis (1944-...), became governor of Hong Kong in 1992.
13306 Patterson, P. J. (1935-...), became prime minister of Jamaica in March 1992.
13307 Patti, Adelina (1843-1919), was a Spanish coloratura soprano who won fame as one of the world's
greatest operatic singers.
13308 Patton, George Smith, Jr. (1885-1945), was one of the most colourful American generals of World War II
(1939-1945).
13309 Paul I (1901-1964) was king of Greece from 1947 to 1964.
13310 Paul III (1468-1549) was elected pope in 1534 and reigned during the transition in Rome from the
Renaissance to the church renewal movement called the Counter Reformation.
13311 Paul IV (1476-1559) was elected pope in 1555.
13312 Paul VI (1897-1978) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1963.
13313 Paul, Saint, was one of the most important leaders of early Christianity.
13314 Paul of the Cross, Saint (1694-1775), founded the Passionist Order, or the Congregation of the
Discalced Clerks of the Most Holy Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
13315 Pauli, Wolfgang (1900-1958), an Austrian theoretical physicist, won the 1945 Nobel Prize in physics for
his proposal in 1925 of a rule explaining the behaviour of electrons in atoms.
13316 Pauling, Linus Carl (1901-1994), an American chemist, won two Nobel Prizes.
13317 Paulists are members of the first Roman Catholic order of priests to be founded in America.
13318 Pavarotti, Luciano (1935-...), an Italian lyric tenor, became one of the most popular opera stars of the
1900's.
13319 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich (1849-1936), a Russian physiologist, won the 1904 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine for his research on digestion.
13320 Pavlova is a meringue dessert topped with whipped cream.
13321
Pavlova, Anna (1881-1931), a Russian ballerina, became the most famous dancer of her generation.
13322 Pawnbroker is a person who lends small sums of money on watches, jewellery, musical instruments,
and other belongings that are left with the pawnbroker as security.
13323 Pawpaw is a small tree or shrub native to North America.
13324 Paxton, Sir Joseph (1801-1865), a British architect and landscape gardener, designed the Crystal
Palace.
13325 Payback is the name given to revenge killing practised in New Guinea.
13326
Payne, John Howard (1791-1852), was the first American playwright to achieve international fame.
13327 Payton, Walter (1954-...), a running back for the Chicago Bears American football team, became the
leading rusher in National Football League (NFL) history.
13328 Paz, Octavio (1914-1998), a Mexican poet and essayist, won the 1990 Nobel Prize for literature.
13329 PDSA is the United Kingdom's largest animal charity, with two overseas branches in South Africa and
Cairo.
13330 Pea is a plant grown chiefly for its round edible seeds, which are also called peas.
13331 Peabody, George (1795-1869), an American merchant and financier, became one of the foremost
philanthropists of his time.
13332 Peace is the state of being calm, quiet, and free of disturbance.
13333 Peace Corps is an independent overseas volunteer programme of the United States government.
13334 Peace pipe, also called calumet, was a ceremonial tobacco pipe that North American Indians smoked as
a sign of peace and friendship.
13335 Peach is a roundish, yellow to reddish, edible fruit.
13336 Peach moth is a small, mottled brown moth.
13337 Peacock, also called peafowl, is one of the showiest of all birds because of its great size and the beauty
of its feathers.
13338
Peacock, Thomas Love (1785-1866), an English novelist and poet, wrote a number of satirical novels.
13339 Peak District is a hilly region at the southern end of the Pennine Hills, in England.
13340 Peak Hill, an old goldfield, lies 883 kilometres northeast of Perth in Western Australia.
13341 Peake, Archibald Henry (1859-1920), was premier of South Australia three times: 1909-1910; 1912-
1915; and 1917-1920.
13342 Peale was a family of famous American artists.
13343 Peanut is a plant species grown mainly for its fruit.
13344 Pear is a fleshy fruit.
13345 Pearce, Bobby (1905-1976), an Australian rower, became one of the greatest scullers of all time.
13346 Pearce, Philippa (1920-...), is an English writer of children's books.
13347 Pearl is one of the most valuable gems.
13348
Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii, U.S.A., is the hub of United States naval power in the Pacific Ocean.
13349
Pearlfish is the name of about 25 species of small, elongated fish found in tropical and warm waters.
13350 Pearly kings and queens are leaders chosen by London costermongers (street traders), who represent
the costermongers on ceremonial occasions.
13351 Pears, Sir Peter (1910-1986), was an English opera and concert singer of international repute.
13352 Pearse, Richard developed an early flying machine which some claimed made the first powered flight in
New Zealand in 1902.
13353 Pearse, Patrick H. (1879-1916), was an Irish writer and nationalist.
13354 Pearson, Sir Cyril Arthur (1866-1921), was a British journalist and newspaper proprietor.
13355 Pearson, Karl (1857-1936), a British geneticist, helped develop the science of statistics.
13356 Pearson, Lester Bowles (1897-1972), Canadian prime minister and educator, was an international
statesman.
13357 Peary, Robert Edwin (1856-1920), an American explorer, was one of the greatest Arctic travellers of all
time.
13358 Peasants' War refers to the rebellion of German peasants against their lords in 1524 and 1525.
13359 Peat is partly decayed plant matter that has collected in wetland areas known as peat bogs or peatlands
over long periods of time.
13360 Peat moss is a kind of moss from which peat is formed.
13361 Pecan, a tree native to North America, is valuable for its fruit, the pecan nut.
13362 Peccary is a hoofed animal that lives in forests and desert scrubs.
13363
Peck is a unit of dry measure that is equal to 8 quarts or a quarter of a bushel (0.0088 cubic metre).
13364 Pecos Bill is a cowboy hero in American folklore.
13365 Pecs (pop. 177,104), is an industrial centre in the coal- and uranium-mining region of southwest
Hungary.
13366 Pectin is a substance found between the cell walls of many fruits.
13367 Pedagogy. In ancient Greece and Rome, boys were accompanied to school by a slave called a
pedagogue.
13368 Pedal wireless is a crystal-controlled radio transmitter powered by electricity from a pedal-driven
generator.
13369 Pedicab is a type of three-wheeled vehicle used as a taxi.
13370 Pedigree is a record of the ancestors of an animal or plant.
13371 Pedometer is a small instrument that measures the distance a person walks.
13372 Pedro I (1798-1834) was the first emperor of independent Brazil.
13373 Pedro II (1825-1891) was emperor of Brazil from 1831 to 1889.
13374 Peel, John (1776-1854), a hunter from Cumbria, England, was immortalized in the song "D'ye Ken John
Peel".
13375 Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850), was a famous British statesman.
13376 Peel, Thomas (1795-1864), was the promoter of the first settlement on the Swan River, near the present
site of Perth, Australia.
13377 Peel towers were medieval forts built near the border between England and Scotland.
13378 Peepul, or bo tree, is a large kind of fig tree native to India and Southeast Asia.
13379 Peer of the realm, in the United Kingdom, is a man or woman who possesses a peerage, such as an
earldom or a barony.
13380 Peerce, Jan (1904-1984), became one of the most successful American opera and concert tenors of his
day.
13381 Pegasus was an immortal winged horse in Greek mythology.
13382 Pei, I. M. (1917-...), is an American architect noted for his creative urban designs.
13383 Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839-1914), was an American philosopher.
13384 Peking man was a type of prehistoric human being who lived between about 500,000 and 250,000 years
ago in what is now northern China.
13385 Pekingese, also spelled pekinese, is a small dog with long hair, a broad flat face, and a tail that curls
over its back.
13386 Pele (1940-...), a Brazilian footballer, won fame as the greatest soccer player of his time and the most
recognized athlete in world sports.
13387 Peleliu is a narrow raised reef island in the Western Pacific.
13388 Pelham, Henry (1695-1754), was Britain's prime minister and chancellor of the Exchequer from 1743
until his death.
13389 Pelican is a large bird that lives near water.
13390 Pelican flower is a flowering woody vine from Central America.
13391 Pelion is a mountain in Thessaly in Greece.
13392 Pella is a small town in northern Greece, lying almost 39 kilometres northwest of Salonika
(Thessaloniki).
13393 Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of niacin and other B-complex vitamins (see Vitamin [Vitamin B
complex]).
13394 Pelopidas was a general and statesman in ancient Thebes during the 300's B.C. In 382 B.C., the
Spartans seized Thebes, and Pelopidas fled.
13395 Peloponnesian War was fought by the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta from 431 to 404
B.C. According to Thucydides, a Greek historian who lived during the war, the Peloponnesian League,
consisting of Sparta and its allies, attacked the A
13396 Peloponnesus is the ancient name of the southern peninsula of Greece.
13397 Pelota, also known as Jai alai, is a fast and dangerous game that resembles handball.
13398 Pelsaert, Francois, was a Dutch navigator who charted part of the western coast of the Australian
continent in 1629.
13399
Pelvic inflammatory disease, often referred to as PID, is an infection of the female reproductive system.
13400 Pelvis is the framework of bones that supports the lower part of the abdomen.
13401 Pembroke Welsh corgi is a breed of dog that originated in the area of Pembroke, Wales, during the early
1100's.
13402 Pembrokeshire (pop. 113,600) is a local government area in southwest Wales.
13403 Pemmican was one of the first forms of concentrated food.
13404 Pen is an instrument used for writing or drawing with ink.
13405 Pen-based computer is a computer that accepts input from a stylus (inkless pen) used directly on the
computer screen.
13406 Pen name is a name an author uses instead of his or her real name.
13407 Penal colony is a settlement outside a country where the country sends its prisoners.
13408 Penang, also called Pulau Pinang, is a small state on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
13409 Pencil is the most widely used writing and drawing instrument in the world.
13410 Penderecki, Krzysztof (1933-...), is a Polish composer.
13411 Pendle (pop. 82,700) is a local government district in northeast Lancashire, England.
13412 Pendleton, George Hunt (1825-1889), a United States senator, sponsored the Pendleton Act, which
created the American civil service system in 1883.
13413
Pendulum is an object that swings back and forth around a fixed point if it is pulled aside and let go.
13414 Penelope, in Greek mythology, was the wife of Odysseus (Ulysses in Latin), king of Ithaca.
13415 Peneplain is a once hilly or mountainous area that has been almost flattened by erosion.
13416 Penfield, Wilder Graves (1891-1976), was a Canadian neurologist who perfected a surgical cure for
some forms of epilepsy.
13417 Penguin is a type of bird that has flippers instead of wings and spends most of its life in the sea.
13418 Penicillin is a powerful drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
13419 Peninsula is an area of land that is nearly surrounded by water.
13420 Penis is an external male reproductive organ.
13421 Penn, William (1644-1718), was a famous English Quaker who founded the American state of
Pennsylvania.
13422 Pennell, Joseph (1857-1926), was an American printmaker.
13423 Penney, Lord (1909-1991), William George Penney, was responsible for designing and testing the first
British atomic bomb.
13424 Pennine Hills are a series of uplands in northern England.
13425
Pennsylvania, an eastern state of the United States, is a leading manufacturing and industrial centre.
13426 Pennsylvania Dutch refers to the people who came to the American colony of Pennsylvania in the 1600's
and 1700's from the German Rhineland, and their descendants.
13427 Penny is the name of various coins used in Great Britain, the United States, and other countries.
13428 Pennyroyal is the name of several herbs of the mint family.
13429 Pennyweight is a unit of measure in the troy system of weights.
13430 Penrith (pop. 149,682) is a city in New South Wales, Australia.
13431 Penrose, Jonathan (1933-...), has been British Chess Champion in 10 different years.
13432 Pension is a regular payment made to a person when he or she reaches a certain age, or retires from
work.
13433 Penstemon is the name of a large group of showy wild and garden flowers.
13434 Pentagon is a polygon having five sides.
13435 Pentagon Building is one of the largest office buildings in the world.
13436 Pentas is any one of a group of about 60 species (kinds) of plants in the madder family.
13437 Pentateuch consists of the first five books of the Bible.
13438 Pentathlon, Modern is an athletic competition for men and women that tests skill in pistol shooting,
fencing, swimming, horse riding, and running.
13439 Pentecost is the feast that marks the end of the 50-day Christian observance of Easter.
13440 Pentecostal churches are a group of Protestant churches that trace their origins to a religious revival that
began in Topeka, Kansas, U.S.A., in 1901.
13441 Pentland Firth is a narrow sea passage in northern Scotland.
13442 Penumbra means partial shadow.
13443 Penwith (pop. 59,400), in Cornwall, is England's most westerly local government district.
13444 Penzance is a port and seaside resort in the far west of Cornwall, England, in Penwith local government
district.
13445 Peonage is a system of forced labour in which the peon (labourer) is forced to work in payment of a
debt.
13446 Peony is the common name of a group of over 30 species of plants with large, handsome flowers.
13447
Pepin the Short, (714?-768), also called Pepin III, was the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty.
13448 Pepper is a spice.
13449
Pepper is a shrubby perennial plant native to North and South America and grown primarily for its fruit.
13450 Peppermint is a perennial herb of the mint family.
13451 Peppertree gets its name from the strong-smelling berries that grow on it.
13452 Pepsin is a digestive enzyme found in the gastric juice of the stomach.
13453 Pepys, Samuel (1633-1703), was an English writer and government official.
13454 Perak is a state in Peninsular Malaysia.
13455 Perak, Tun (?-1498?), was bendahara (principal official) of the powerful Malay state of Melaka from
about 1456 until his death.
13456 Percale is a closely woven cloth made from combed cotton yarn.
13457 Percentage refers to computing by hundredths.
13458 Perception is the process by which we receive and interpret information from the world around us.
13459
Perceval, Spencer (1762-1812), was the only British prime minister who met a violent death in office.
13460 Perch is the name given to a family of about 165 different freshwater fish that live in the cooler parts of
the Northern Hemisphere.
13461 Percy, Charles Harting (1919-...), an Illinois Republican Party politician, was a United States senator
from 1967 to 1985.
13462 Percy, Sir Henry (1364-1403), called Hotspur, was a powerful English nobleman, the son of the Earl of
Northumberland.
13463 Perelman, S. J. (1904-1979), was an American writer known for his humorous satires and parodies on
contemporary life.
13464 Perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years or growing seasons.
13465 Peres, Shimon (1923-...), served as prime minister of Israel from September 1984 to October 1986 and
from November 1995 to June 1996.
13466 Perez de Cuellar, Javier (1920-...), is a diplomat from Peru who served as the fifth secretary-general of
the United Nations (UN) from 1982 to 1991.
13467 Perfume is a substance made of natural or synthetic (artificially created) materials, or a combination of
both.
13468 Pergamum was a great ancient city in western Asia Minor (now Turkey).
13469 Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista (1710-1736), was an Italian composer.
13470 Pericles (490?-429 B.C.) was a Greek statesman whose name was given to the greatest period in the
history of ancient Athens.
13471
Peridot is a transparent gem that is almost always some shade of green because of its iron content.
13472 Perihelion is the position of a planet or comet when it is closest to the sun.
13473 Periodontitis is a disease of the gums and of the bone that supports the teeth in their sockets.
13474 Peripatetic philosophy was established by the Greek philosopher Aristotle in the 300's B.C. The word
peripatetic may be traced to either of two Greek words, one meaning to walk and the other meaning a
covered walk.
13475 Periscope is an optical instrument with which a person can make observations from a distance or around
corners.
13476
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.
13477 Periwinkle is the name of about a dozen species of small, evergreen flowering shrubs and ground-cover
plants.
13478 Periwinkle is the common name for several species of small snails of the seacoast.
13479 Perjury is a crime in which a person swears or affirms to tell the truth in a court of law or in an
administrative or legislative proceeding, and then deliberately tells a lie.
13480 Perkin, Sir William Henry (1838-1907), a British chemist, founded the aniline dye industry.
13481 Perkins, Charles (1936-...), an Australian Aboriginal leader, was the first Aborigine to graduate from a
university.
13482 Perkins, Lucy Fitch (1865-1937), was an American writer and illustrator who became well known for her
series of 25 Twin books for children.
13483 Perlis is the smallest state in Malaysia.
13484 Perlman, Itzhak (1945-...), is a noted Israeli violinist.
13485 Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for two or more years.
13486 Permalloy is a nickel-iron alloy that is easy to magnetize.
13487 Permutations and combinations are names that mathematicians use for certain groups of objects or
symbols.
13488 Peron, Eva Duarte de (1919-1952), was the second wife of President Juan Peron of Argentina.
13489 Peron, Francois (1755-1810), a French naturalist, wrote the first description of the Tasmanian
Aborigines.
13490 Peron, Juan Domingo (1895-1974), was president of Argentina from 1946 to 1955, and became
president again in 1973.
13491 Perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical device that can continuously produce work with no energy
input, continuously convert energy completely into work, or continuously produce more energy than it
consumes.
13492 Perrault, Charles (1628-1703), a French writer, is best known for a book of fairy tales he collected, Tales
of Mother Goose.
13493 Perry is the family name of two brothers who became famous United States naval officers.
13494 Perry, Fred (1909-1995), was one of the United Kingdom's most outstanding tennis players.
13495 Perse, Saint-John (1887-1975), was the pen name of Alexis Leger, a French poet and diplomat.
13496 Persephone was a beautiful goddess in Greek and Roman mythology.
13497 Persepolis was a capital of ancient Persia.
13498 Perseus is a constellation of the northern sky.
13499 Perseus, in Greek mythology, was the son of the god Zeus and the mortal Danae.
13500 Pershing, John Joseph (1860-1948), commanded the American Expeditionary Forces (A.E.F.) in Europe
during World War I.
13501 Persia, Ancient, was a land that included parts of what are now Iran and Afghanistan.
13502 Persian Gulf is a kidney-shaped body of water in southwestern Asia between Iran and the Arabian
Peninsula.
13503 Persian Gulf War was fought in early 1991 between Iraq and a coalition of 39 countries organized mainly
by the United States and the United Nations (UN).
13504 Persimmon is the name of more than 200 species of small trees that belong to the ebony family.
13505 Person, in grammar, is the feature of a language that shows the difference between the speaker, the
person spoken to, and a person or thing spoken about.
13506 Personality is a term that has many general meanings.
13507 Personnel management is a field of management that involves using workers' skills effectively and
making their jobs rewarding.
13508 Perspective is a technique used by artists to give a picture the illusion of depth and distance.
13509 Perspiration, also called sweat, consists of water and certain dissolved substances produced by glands
in the skin.
13510 Perth (pop. 1,143,265) is the state capital and business centre of Western Australia.
13511 Perth, an Australian cruiser under the command of Captain H. M. L. Waller, took part in the Battle of the
Java Sea on Feb. 27, 1942.
13512 Perthshire and Kinross (pop. 126,842) is a large local government area in central Scotland.
13513 Peru is the third largest country in South America.
13514 Peru Current is a cold, broad, yet shallow ocean current in the Pacific Ocean.
13515 Perutz, Max Ferdinand (1914-...), an Austrian-born, British molecular biologist, shared the Nobel Prize
for chemistry in 1962 with John Kendrew.
13516 Pescadores (pop. 100,288) is a group of 63 islands which cover a total area of 127 square kilometres in
the Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and China.
13517 Peseta is the monetary unit of Spain and the Spanish dependencies, and of Andorra, a small country
that lies between Spain and France in the Pyrenees mountains.
13518 Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (1746-1827), was a Swiss teacher who became a pioneer of modern
education.
13519 Pesticide is a chemical used to control or eliminate pests.
13520 Pet is an animal kept for companionship and treated with affection.
13521 Petain, Henri Philippe (1856-1951), became a national hero of France because of his military leadership
in World War I.
13522 Peter I (1844-1921), a Serbian king, ruled from 1903 to 1921.
13523 Peter I, the Great (1672-1725), a Russian ruler, is famous for having gained access to the sea for Russia
and for "westernizing" Russian customs and institutions.
13524 Peter II (1923-1970) became king of Yugoslavia in 1934 at the age of 11 when his father, King
Alexander, was assassinated.
13525 Peter, Epistles of, are the 21st and 22nd books of the New Testament of the Bible.
13526 Peter, Saint (?-A.D. 64?), was a leading apostle of Jesus Christ.
13527
Peter Pan is the boy hero in several fantasies written by the Scottish author Sir James Matthew Barrie.
13528 Peter the Hermit (1050?-1115?) was a French monk of Amiens who encouraged the First Crusade (see
CRUSADES).
13529 Peterborough (pop. 148,800) is a city in Cambridgeshire, England.
13530 Peterkin, Julia Mood (1880-1961), an American author, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1929 for her novel Scarlet
Sister Mary.
13531 Peterloo was the name given to an incident in 1819, when social unrest in England was producing a
wide demand for parliamentary reform.
13532 Peters, Winston (1945-...), is the leader of the New Zealand First Party.
13533 Petipa, Marius (1818-1910), was a great French choreographer (dance composer).
13534 Petit, Roland (1924-...), is a French dancer and choreographer (dance composer).
13535 Petit basset griffon vendeen is a short-legged, rough-coated dog bred to hunt small game, especially
hare and rabbit.
13536 Petit point is a delicate form of embroidery usually sewed on fine mesh canvas.
13537 Petitgrain oil is a yellowish oil made from the leaves, twigs, and fruit of the bitter orange tree.
13538
Petition is a written document signed by a large number of people demanding some form of action.
13539 Petition of Right was a document written in 1628 by the English Parliament and presented to King
Charles I. It declared unconstitutional certain actions of the king, such as levying taxes without the
consent of Parliament, housing soldiers in private
13540 PETN is short for pentaerythritol tetranitrate, an explosive more powerful than TNT. It is used as the core
of detonating caps and fuses because it is capable of exploding in small devices.
13541 Petra was an ancient city south of the Dead Sea in what is now Jordan.
13542 Petrarch (1304-1374) was a great Italian poet and scholar.
13543 Petrel is one of a large group of ocean birds.
13544 Petrie is the name of a family of Australian pioneers.
13545 Petrie, Sir Flinders (1853-1942), an English archaeologist, served as professor of Egyptology at
University College, London, from 1892 to 1933.
13546 Petrie, George (1789-1866), an Irish artist, antiquary, and musician, devoted much of his life to the study
and recording of Irish antiquities.
13547 Petrified forest is made up of tree trunks that were buried in mud, sand, or volcanic ash ages ago and
have turned to stone.
13548 Petrochemicals are chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas.
13549 Petrol is one of the most important fuels used for transportation.
13550 Petrol engine is an engine that uses petrol as a fuel.
13551 Petrolatum, also called petroleum jelly, is a colourless to yellow, jellylike substance made from
petroleum.
13552 Petroleum is one of the most valuable natural resources in the world.
13553 Petroleum coke is a useful product obtained in refining crude oil.
13554 Petrology is a branch of geology that deals with the origin and composition of rocks.
13555 Petronius (?-A.D. 66) wrote the first Roman novel, the Satyricon.
13556 Petrov Affair, named after Vladimir Petrov (?-1991), aroused bitter controversy in Australia.
13557 Petty, Sir William (1623-1687), was an English political economist and a pioneer statistician.
13558 Petunia is any of a group of herbs native chiefly to Argentina and Brazil.
13559 Pevsner, Antoine (1886-1962), was a Russian-born painter and sculptor.
13560 Pevsner, Sir Nikolaus (1902-1983), a German-born author and scholar, became well known for his
series of books, The Buildings of England, published between 1951 and 1974.
13561 Pewee, or magpie lark.
13562 Pewter is an alloy that consists mainly of tin.
13563 pH is a number used by scientists to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
13564 Phaedra, in Greek mythology, was the wife of Theseus, a great king of early Athens.
13565
Phaethon, in Greek mythology, was the son of the sun god Helios and the sea goddess Clymene.
13566 Phaistos is an archaeological site on the Mediterranean island of Crete.
13567 Phalarope is a small sandpiperlike bird that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the
Southern Hemisphere.
13568 Pham Van Dong, (1906-...), became premier of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) in
1955.
13569 Phar Lap was a race horse bred in New Zealand.
13570 Pharaoh was a title of the later kings of ancient Egypt.
13571 Pharaoh hound is one of the oldest breeds of dogs.
13572 Pharisees were members of an ancient Jewish group that became an important political party in
Palestine during the reign of Queen Alexandra (76-67 B.C.).
13573 Pharmacology is the study of the effects drugs have on living things.
13574 Pharmacopoeia, also spelled pharmacopeia, is a book containing tables of drugs.
13575 Pharmacy is the profession concerned with the preparation, distribution, and use of drugs and
medicines.
13576 Pharsalus, Battle of, was fought between the armies of the Roman generals Julius Caesar and Pompey
in 48 B.C. After his conquest of Gaul (58 to 51 B.C.), Caesar had become the most powerful military
commander in the Roman world.
13577 Pharyngitis is an infectious disease that affects the membranes of the throat and tonsils.
13578
Pharynx is a cone-shaped tube that connects the nose and mouth with the voice box and oesophagus.
13579 Phase, in chemistry, is any distinct and uniform physical part of a mixture that is separated from the
other parts of the mixture by definite boundaries.
13580 Pheasant is the name of several species of medium-to-large birds closely related to the domestic
chicken.
13581 Phelps, William Lyon (1865-1943), an American educator and literary critic, helped shape American
literary tastes of the time.
13582 Phenology is the study of when certain biological events that depend on climate take place.
13583
Phenolphthalein is a chemical compound used as an indicator of alkalinity or acidity, and as a laxative.
13584 Phenomenology is a philosophy that was developed by the German philosopher Edmund Husserl in the
early 1900's.
13585 Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a hereditary disease that results in mental retardation unless treated during
early infancy.
13586 Pheromone is a chemical substance released by many kinds of animals to communicate with other
members of their species.
13587 Phidias (490?-420? B.C.) was the greatest sculptor in ancient Greece.
13588 Philadelphia was the name given to several cities by the ancient Greeks.
13589 Philadelphia (pop. 1,585,577; met. area pop. 4,922,175) is the birthplace of the United States of
America.
13590 Philanthropy is the promotion of the well-being of human beings by individuals and groups who
contribute their services or dedicate their property and money.
13591 Philemon, Epistle to, is the 18th book of the New Testament of the Bible.
13592 Philemon and Baucis are the central characters in a minor legend of Ancient Greece.
13593 Philip was the name of several French kings.
13594 Philip was the name of several kings of Spain.
13595 Philip II (382-336 B.C.) was a great Macedonian king who became master of Greece.
13596 Philip, King (?-1676), became chief of the North American Wampanoag Indians in 1662.
13597 Philip, Prince (1921-...), is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain.
13598 Philip of Bethsaida, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
13599 Philip the Evangelist was an early Christian.
13600 Philipe, Gerard (1922-1959), was a French stage and film actor.
13601 Philippi was a city in Macedonia.
13602 Philippians, Epistle to the, is the 11th book of the New Testament of the Bible.
13603 Philippines is an island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
13604 Philippines, Armed services of the. The armed services of the Philippines includes an army of about
68,000 men and women, supported by 100,000 reserves.
13605 Philippines, Art of the. The art of the Philippines reflects the varied traditions of its people.
13606
Philippines, Government of the. The Philippines Constitution specifies that the country is a democratic
and republican state and that civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military forces.
13607 Philippines, History of the, is the story of a nation of many different groups of people living on more than
7,000 islands.
13608 Philistines were an ancient people who settled along the coast of Canaan at about the same time that
the Israelites were entering the land from the east.
13609 Phillip, Arthur (1738-1814), was the first governor of New South Wales, Australia.
13610 Phillip Island, a popular Australian tourist centre, lies at the entrance to Western Port Bay, about 122
kilometres by road from Melbourne.
13611 Phillips, Wendell (1811-1884), an American orator and reformer, became famous as an advocate of the
abolition of slavery (see ABOLITION MOVEMENT).
13612
Philodendron is the name of many species and varieties of vinelike plants native to South America.
13613 Philosophes were a group of French philosophers during the Age of Reason, a historical period that
extended from the late 1600's to the late 1700's.
13614 Philosophy is a study that seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality.
13615 Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein.
13616 Phlox is a common garden plant with brilliantly coloured blossoms.
13617 Phnom Penh is the capital of Cambodia.
13618 Phobia is a persistent, unduly strong fear of a certain object or situation.
13619 Phoebe a small, active bird, native to North and South America, belongs to the flycatcher family.
13620 Phoenicia was the name the ancient Greeks gave to the region that is now roughly the coastal areas of
Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.
13621 Phoenix (pop. 983,403; met. area pop. 2,112,101) is the capital and largest city of Arizona.
13622 Phoenix was a fabled bird in Greek mythology.
13623 Phon is a unit of the level of loudness of sound as perceived by a listener.
13624 Phonetics is the science of speech sounds and the symbols by which they are shown in writing and
printing.
13625
Phonics is the association of letters or combinations of letters with their appropriate speech sounds.
13626 Phosphate is any one of a number of chemical compounds that contain phosphorus and oxygen in the
phosphate group.
13627 Phosphor is a substance that absorbs certain types of energy and gives off part of that energy as visible
light.
13628 Phosphorescence is the light certain substances give off when they absorb energy.
13629 Phosphoric acid is the most common acid of phosphorus.
13630 Phosphorus is a nonmetallic chemical element with the symbol P. It is found in every living cell and has
many industrial uses.
13631 Phosphorus cycle is the circulation of phosphorus among the rocks, soil, water, and plants and animals
of the earth.
13632 Photochemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical reactions that result when the
molecules of a substance absorb light.
13633 Photocomposition, also called phototypesetting, is any of several methods of setting (assembling) type
on photographic paper or film.
13634 Photocopying is any of several techniques that use light-sensitive materials to copy documents or
illustrations.
13635
Photoelectric effect is any effect that results in the transfer of energy from light to an electric current.
13636 Photoengraving and photolithography are processes used to make printing plates or cylinders for the
three major methods of printing.
13637 Photogrammetry is the process of making measurements by means of photography.
13638 Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light.
13639 Photomicrography is the technique of taking magnified photographs of small objects, usually through a
microscope.
13640 Photomultiplier tube is an extremely sensitive electric detector of light.
13641
Photon is the elementary particle that makes up light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
13642 Photoperiodism is the response of a plant or animal to the relative length of light and darkness to which it
is exposed.
13643 Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants.
13644 Phrenology is the practice of analysing a person's character by examining the shape of the skull.
13645 Phrygia was an ancient country between the Mediterranean and Black Sea, in what is now central
Turkey.
13646 Phuket is the largest island in Thailand.
13647 Phyfe, Duncan (1768-1854), was a well-known American cabinetmaker and furniture designer.
13648 Phylloxera is any one of a group of small plant lice.
13649 Physical change is a change of matter from one form to another without any change in its chemical
structure, solubility, colour, taste, or odour.
13650 Physical chemistry is the study of the general rules and principles that govern the chemical properties of
matter.
13651 Physical education is the part of the school curriculum that instructs students in body movements, sports
and games, and other physical activities.
13652 Physical fitness is a combination of qualities that enable a person to perform well in vigorous physical
activities.
13653 Physics is the science devoted to the study of matter and energy.
13654 Physiocrats were a group of French economists who lived during the mid-1700's.
13655 Physiology is the study of how plants and animals function.
13656 Physiotherapy is the use of physical means, such as light, heat, cold, and exercise, to treat disease or
injury.
13657 Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
13658 Piaf, Edith (1915-1963), a French singer and cabaret performer, won fame for songs of disenchanted
love such as "La Vie En Rose" and "Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien."
13659 Piaget, Jean (1896-1980), a Swiss psychologist, won fame for his studies of the thought processes of
children.
13660 Piano is a keyboard musical instrument in which sounds are made by strings struck by small padded
hammers.
13661 Piatigorsky, Gregor (1903-1976), was a famous Russian-born cellist.
13662 Picasso, Pablo (1881-1973), was the most famous painter of the 1900's.
13663 Piccard is the name of a Swiss family of scientists who won fame in aeronautics and oceanography by
designing and testing new high-altitude balloons and deep-sea diving vessels.
13664 Piccolo is the smallest of the woodwind instruments and the highest in pitch.
13665
Pichincha, a twin-cratered volcano, rises 4,784 metres in the Andes Mountains in north-central Ecuador.
13666 Pickerel is the name given to three small North American members of the pike family.
13667 Pickering, William (1840-1907), a British public servant, became the first protector of the Chinese in
Singapore in 1877.
13668 Pickett, George Edward (1825-1875), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War.
13669 Pickford, Mary (1893-1979), was a star of silent films.
13670 Pickle is a fruit or vegetable preserved in vinegar and salt.
13671 Picric acid is an industrial chemical.
13672 Pictograph is picture writing.
13673 Picts were an ancient people of northern Scotland.
13674
Picture postcards became popular as a cheap and rapid means of communication soon after 1900.
13675 Pidgin is the most important lingua franca (common language) of Papua New Guinea.
13676
Pidgin English is one of several bridge or minimum dialects, based on English, used in Asia and the
South Seas between Westerners and Asians, and among peoples who have no common language.
13677 Piece of eight was a name for the Spanish peso, which corresponded to the American dollar.
13678 Piecework is a form of wage payment in which employees are paid a specified amount for each unit of
satisfactory production.
13679 Pied Piper of Hamelin is a mythical character who was made famous by Robert Browning in a poem
based on a legend.
13680 Piedmont is a territorial region of Italy in the upper valley of the Po River.
13681 Piepoudre, Court of, also spelt piepowder, was a medieval English court that settled disputes among
pedlars and tradespeople at fairs and markets.
13682 Pier has two meanings.
13683 Pierce, Franklin (1804-1869), was president of the United States from 1853 to 1857.
13684 Pierneef, Jacob Hendrik (1886-1957), was one of South Africa's most successful artists.
13685 Piero della Francesca (1420?-1492) was an Italian Renaissance painter.
13686 Pierrot, a character in French pantomime, was descended from the Italian character, Pedrolino.
13687 Pietermaritzburg (pop. 156,473; met. area pop. 211,473) is the capital city of KwaZulu-Natal province in
South Africa.
13688 Pietersburg (pop. 25,500) is the capital city of Northern Province in South Africa.
13689 Piezoelectricity is an electric phenomenon that occurs in certain nonmetallic minerals, such as quartz,
Rochelle salt, and tourmaline.
13690 Pig. About a quarter of the meat eaten in the world comes from pigs.
13691 Pigeon is any bird in the pigeon and dove family.
13692 Pigeon racing is a sport that tests the speed at which homing pigeons can reach their home when
released a given distance away from it.
13693 Piggott, Lester (1935-...), one of Britain's most successful jockeys, was noted for his exceptional timing
of race finishes.
13694 Pigment is a finely powdered, coloured substance that gives its colour to another material.
13695 Pigweed is a common annual weed.
13696 Pika is a small, furry animal that lives in Asia, Europe, and western North America.
13697 Pike is the common name of a family of freshwater fish noted for their greedy appetite and fighting
quality.
13698 Pilate, Pontius, was a Roman governor of Judea from A.D. 26 to 36, at the time of the Crucifixion of
Jesus Christ.
13699 Pilbara is a region in the northwest of Australia.
13700 Pile is a column used to support buildings, bridges, and other structures.
13701 Pilgrim Fathers were the early English settlers of the New England colony in America.
13702 Pilgrimage of Grace was a rebellion in northern England in 1536.
13703 Pilgrimages are journeys to shrines or other holy places made for religious purposes.
13704 Pilgrims' Way is an old trackway in southern England, running from Winchester, in Hampshire, to
Canterbury, in Kent.
13705 Pillay, Nariana (?-?), was Singapore's first successful Indian businessman.
13706 Pillory was an instrument once used to punish people for minor offences.
13707 Pillsbury, John Sargent (1828-1901), was an American industrialist and Republican politician.
13708 Pilot whale is one of the largest members of the dolphin family.
13709
Pilotfish is a kind of fish found near the surface in most tropical seas and the warmer temperate seas.
13710 Pilsudski, Jozef (1867-1935), a Polish patriot, led a movement to liberate Poland from Russia and
helped unite his country.
13711 Piltdown man was a great hoax in the study of prehistoric people.
13712 Pimento is the popular name of a small evergreen tree of the myrtle family.
13713 Pimpernel is a small annual plant that grows wild in Europe and Asia.
13714 Pimple is a red, raised skin blemish that usually contains pus.
13715 Pin is a short, pointed piece of metal.
13716 Pindar (522?-443 B.C.) was the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece.
13717 Pindling, Sir Lynden (1930-...), was prime minister of the Bahamas from 1967 to 1992.
13718 Pine is any of a large group of evergreen trees that have needlelike leaves and bear cones.
13719 Pine Gap is about 25 kilometres southwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia.
13720 Pine-tree shilling was a silver coin minted by American colonists in Boston, in the Massachusetts Bay
Colony, from 1667 to 1682.
13721 Pineal gland, also called pineal body, is a tiny organ in the brain of human beings and most other
vertebrates (animals with a backbone).
13722 Pineapple is a tropical plant known for its juicy, fragrant fruit.
13723 Pinero, Sir Arthur Wing (1855-1934), ranks second to George Bernard Shaw as the most successful and
productive English playwright of the period around 1900.
13724 Pink is any one of a group of flowering plants that botanists have named Dianthus, the Greek word for
Jove's flower.
13725 Pink bollworm is an insect that attacks cotton plants in many parts of the world and can cause crop
losses of up to 25 per cent.
13726 Pinkerton, Allan (1819-1884), an American detective, in 1850 established one of the first detective
agencies in the United States.
13727 Pinkie, Battle of, took place in 1547 when the Duke of Somerset, Protector of England, led an army into
Scotland to try to enforce a marriage between Mary, Queen of Scots, and the young Prince Edward
(later Edward VI of England).
13728 Pinochle is a card game played with a special pack consisting of 48 cards.
13729 Pinon is the name of four varieties of small, scrubby pine trees that grow in the semiarid regions of the
Southwestern United States.
13730
Pint is a unit of capacity in the British imperial and U.S. customary systems of weights and measures.
13731 Pintail is a freshwater duck with a long tail.
13732 Pinter, Harold (1930-...), is an English playwright.
13733 Pintubis, also spelled Bindubis, are Aboriginal people who live in the Great Sandy Desert of Western
Australia.
13734 Pinworm, also called threadworm, is a small roundworm.
13735 Pinza, Ezio (1892-1957), an Italian bass singer, became famous for his deep, melodious voice and
skillful acting.
13736 Pioneer life in Australia and New Zealand. The early pioneers who settled in Australia and New Zealand
before 1850 were mainly British farmers.
13737 Pipe is a musical instrument that is the ancestor of our present pipe organ and all other wind
instruments.
13738 Pipe is a tube used to transport liquids and gases from one place to another.
13739 Pipe is a device used for smoking tobacco.
13740 Pipefish gets its name from its long snout, which looks like a tube or pipe.
13741 Pipeline is a system of pipes that transports certain substances over long distances.
13742 Piper, John (1903-1992), became one of the United Kingdom's leading artists.
13743 Pipis are shellfish that live just below the surface of sloping, sandy beaches.
13744 Pipit is a small songbird that mainly lives in grassland.
13745 Piraeus (pop. 179,967) is the third largest city in Greece.
13746 Pirandello, Luigi (1867-1936), an Italian author, won the 1934 Nobel Prize for literature.
13747 Piranesi, Giovanni Battista (1720-1778), was an Italian printmaker known for his etchings of ancient
Roman architecture.
13748 Piranha is a sharp-toothed fish that lives in lakes and rivers throughout most of South America.
13749 Pirate is a person who attacks and robs ships.
13750 Pire, Dominique Georges, (1910-1969), a Belgian priest, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1958
for his work in aiding people who had to flee their homelands after World War II (1939-1945).
13751 Pirenne, Henri (1862-1935), was a Belgian historian.
13752 Pirie, Gordon (1931-...), was one of Britain's outstanding athletes during the 1950's.
13753 Pirogue is a special kind of dugout canoe, used for fishing in the Gulf of Mexico.
13754 Pisa (pop. 104,334) is an old city of Italy famed for its marble bell tower (see LEANING TOWER OF
PISA).
13755 Pisa, Council of, met in 1409 in Pisa, Italy, to resolve the Great Schism, a split within the Western
Christian church.
13756 Pisano, Giovanni (1248?-1314?), was an Italian sculptor and architect.
13757 Pisano, Nicola (1210?-1278?), was an Italian sculptor, as was his son, Giovanni.
13758 Pisces, the Fishes, is a constellation (group of stars) in the Northern Hemisphere, the twelfth sign of the
zodiac.
13759 Pisistratus (?-527 B.C.) was a popular ruler of ancient Athens.
13760 Pissarro, Camille (1830-1903), was a French impressionist painter.
13761 Pistachio nut, sometimes called a green almond, is the small seed of the pistachio tree.
13762 Pit bull is a name commonly applied to any of several breeds or crossbreeds of dogs usually having
some mixture of bulldog and terrier.
13763 Pitcairn Island is a small, isolated island in the South Pacific Ocean.
13764 Pitch is a black, gluelike substance that is left behind when coal tar or petroleum is distilled.
13765
Pitch is the characteristic of a sound determined by the frequency of vibration of the sound waves.
13766 Pitchblende is a variety of uraninite, a mineral that consists chiefly of uranium and oxygen.
13767 Pitcher plant is the name of some green plants that have pitcher-shaped leaves that form traps for
insects.
13768 Pitjantjatjara are an Australian Aboriginal people.
13769 Pitlochry is a summer resort in the Scottish Highlands.
13770 Pitman, Sir Isaac (1813-1897), a British schoolmaster, invented phonetic shorthand, a system of rapid
writing that uses 38 symbols to represent the sounds of vowels and consonants.
13771 Pitohui is the name of six species of songbirds found only in the forests of New Guinea.
13772 Pitt is the family name of two British statesmen.
13773 Pitta is the name of about 20 species (kinds) of brightly coloured ground birds of the tropics of Africa,
Asia, and Australasia.
13774 Pitti Palace is the largest palace in Florence, Italy.
13775 Pittman, Key (1872-1940), an American politician, served in the U.S. Senate as a member of the
Democratic party from 1913 until his death.
13776 Pittosporum is a genus (group) of small evergreen shrubs and trees.
13777 Pittsburgh (pop. 369,879; met. area pop. 2,054,705), Pennsylvania, U.S.A., is one of the great
steelmaking centres of the world.
13778 Pituitary gland is one of the body's most important glands.
13779 Pius IV (1499-1565) was elected pope in 1559.
13780 Pius V, Saint (1504-1572), was elected pope in 1566.
13781 Pius VII (1742-1823) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1800.
13782 Pius IX (1792-1878) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1846.
13783 Pius X, Saint (1835-1914), was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1903.
13784 Pius XI (1857-1939) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1922.
13785 Pius XII (1876-1958) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1939.
13786 Pizarro, Francisco (1478?-1541), was a Spanish conqueror.
13787 Plaatje, Solomon Tshekisho (1875?-1932), was a black South African writer and political leader.
13788 Placebo is a substance that doctors sometimes use as a medicine, even though it contains no active
ingredient.
13789 Placenta is a disc-shaped organ that develops in pregnant women.
13790
Plagiarism is the act of presenting another person's literary, artistic, or musical work as one's own.
13791 Plaice is a commercially important flatfish of European waters.
13792 Plain is a broad, nearly level stretch of land with no abrupt changes in elevation.
13793 Planarian is a type of flatworm.
13794 Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858-1947), was a German theoretical physicist who concentrated on
the study of thermodynamics.
13795 Plane table is an instrument used in surveying and mapmaking.
13796 Plane tree is one of several species of large trees with flaking bark, bristly spherical seedballs, and longstalked
palmate leaves.
13797 Planet is any of nine large objects that orbit the sun.
13798 Planetarium is a device that shows the changing positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets by
projecting lights on the inside of a dome.
13799 Plankton is the mass of tiny organisms that drifts at or near the surface of oceans, lakes, and other
bodies of water.
13800 Plant. Plants grow in almost every part of the world.
13801 Plantagenet was the family name of a line of kings that ruled England from 1154 to 1399.
13802 Plantain is the common name of a group of low-growing herbs, several of which are weeds.
13803 Plantation is a large land area where workers usually grow a single crop.
13804 Plasma, in physics, is a form of matter composed of electrically charged atomic particles.
13805 Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
13806 Plaster is a mortar coating that is applied to the inside wall surfaces and ceilings of buildings to make
them more airtight and to provide a finished surface.
13807 Plaster of Paris is a white powder that, when mixed with water to form a paste, will turn hard in a few
minutes.
13808 Plastic explosive is a puttylike explosive that can be hidden easily because it can be moulded into any
shape.
13809
Plastic surgery is a field of medicine that specializes in the repair or reshaping of defects of the body.
13810 Plastics are man-made materials that can be shaped into almost any form.
13811 Plate tectonics is a theory that explains the origin of most of the major physical features of the earth's
surface.
13812 Plateau is a raised section of land that covers a considerable area.
13813 Platform tennis is a variation of tennis which originated in 1928 in the United States.
13814 Plath, Sylvia (1932-1963), was an American poet and fiction writer.
13815 Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt.
13816 Plato (427?-347? B.C.) was a philosopher and educator of ancient Greece.
13817 Platypus is one of only two mammals that reproduce by laying eggs.
13818 Plautus (254?-184 B.C.) was an important Roman writer of comedy.
13819 Play, in recreation, is any activity performed for amusement.
13820 Player, Gary (1935-...), a South African sportsman, became one of the world's leading golfers in the
1960's and early 1970's.
13821 Playford, Sir Thomas (1896-1981), was premier of South Australia from 1938 to 1965.
13822 Playground is an outdoor area set aside for play.
13823 Plea bargaining is a practice in which the defendant in a criminal case agrees to plead guilty instead of
going to trial.
13824 Plebeians were commoners in the early Roman Republic.
13825 Plebiscite is a vote of the people on any question.
13826 Plecoptera is an order of insects that lay their eggs in water.
13827 Pledge of Allegiance is a solemn promise of loyalty to the United States.
13828 Pleistocene Epoch was a geologic time period in the earth's history.
13829 Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich (1856-1918), was a leading advocate and interpreter of Marxist ideas in
Russia during the late 1800's and early 1900's.
13830 Plesiosaur was a prehistoric marine animal that lived about 200 million years ago.
13831 Pleura is a thin membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (chest cavity) and covers the lungs.
13832 Pleurisy is a general term for inflammation of the pleura, the membrane that lines the inside of the chest
and covers the lungs (see PLEURA).
13833 Plexus, in anatomy, is a network of intertwining parts.
13834 Plimsoll, Samuel (1824-1898) was a British coal merchant and member of Parliament who won fame
because of his interest in the welfare of sailors.
13835 Plimsoll mark, or Plimsoll line, is a load-line marking on the side of a ship's hull.
13836 Pliny is the family name of an uncle and a nephew who were Roman writers.
13837 Plique-a-jour is a delicate type of enamelling.
13838 Ploiesti (pop. 199,269; met. area pop. 254,592) is the centre of the Romanian oil industry.
13839 Plotinus (205?-270?), was the founder of a school of Greek philosophy known as Neoplatonism.
13840 Plotter is a printer used to draw large blueprints, schematic diagrams, and similar illustrations.
13841 Plough is a tool used to prepare soil for planting.
13842 Plovdiv (pop. 350,438) is Bulgaria's second largest city.
13843 Plover is the name for a group of small, stout shore birds.
13844 Plowright, Joan (1929-...), became a leading British actress in the late 1950's with fine performances in
such plays as The Entertainer.
13845 Plug-in software consists of programs that increase a computer's ability to access files on the World
Wide Web portion of the Internet (the global computer network).
13846 Plum is a popular fruit that is eaten fresh or used to make jams, jellies, and preserves.
13847 Plumage is the overall feather covering of a bird.
13848 Plumb line, also called plummet, is a string or line with a weight attached to one end.
13849 Plumbago, also called leadwort, is the name of about a dozen species of evergreen flowering shrubs
and climbing plants.
13850 Plumbing is a system of pipes that carries water into and out of a building.
13851 Plunket, Lord (1864-1920), was governor of New Zealand from 1904 to 1910.
13852
Plunket System. A system of child welfare and training for children's nurses developed in New Zealand.
13853 Plunkett, Sir Horace Curzon (1854-1932), was a pioneer of the cooperative farming movement in
Ireland.
13854 Plunkett, Saint Oliver (1625-1681), was Roman Catholic archbishop of Armagh and primate of Ireland
from 1669 until his death.
13855 Plutarch (A.D. 46?-A.D. 120?), a Greek biographer and essayist, became famous for his work, Parallel
Lives of Illustrious Greeks and Romans.
13856 Pluto is usually the most distant planet from the sun.
13857 Pluto was the god of the dead in Roman mythology.
13858 Plutonium is a chemical element with the symbol Pu.
13859 Plymouth (pop. 238,800), is a seaport in Devon, on the southwest coast of England.
13860 Plymouth Brethren are members of a small Christian sect.
13861
Plywood is a building material usually made of an odd number of thin layers of wood glued together.
13862 Plzen (pop. 174,555) is an important city in Bohemia, a region in the Czech Republic.
13863 Pneumatic tool is a power implement operated by compressed air.
13864 Pneumatics is the branch of physics that studies the properties of gases, especially air.
13865 Pneumonia is a lung disease characterized by inflammation.
13866 Pneumothorax is air or gas in the space between the lungs and the chest wall.
13867 Po River is the largest waterway in Italy.
13868 Pocahontas (1595?-1617) was the daughter of the American Indian chief, Powhatan.
13869 Podgorica (pop. 117,875) is the capital and largest city of Montenegro, one of the two republics of
Yugoslavia.
13870 Podgorny, Nikolai Viktorovich (1903-1983), served as president, or officially as chairman, of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, from 1965 to 1977.
13871 Podzol is a type of soil that is commonly found in coastal areas and cooler regions of Australia and New
Zealand.
13872 Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), was a great American poet, short-story writer, and literary critic.
13873 Poet laureate is the official poet of a state or nation, especially the United Kingdom.
13874 Poetry is an arrangement of words in patterns of sound and meaning.
13875 Pohnpei is the largest island of the eastern Caroline Islands.
13876 Poincare, (Jules)-Henri (1854-1912), a French mathematician and philosopher of science, solved a
variety of problems in mathematics and physics.
13877 Poincare, Raymond (1860-1934), served four times as premier of France, and was president of France
from 1913 to 1920.
13878 Poinciana, also known as the flamboyant tree, is one of the finest of all tropical flowering trees.
13879 Poinsettia is a plant that has tiny flowers surrounded by large, coloured bracts (special leaves).
13880 Pointer is a dog used to hunt pheasants and other game birds.
13881 Pointing the bone is a magic ritual used by Australian Aborigines with the intention of injuring or killing
their enemies.
13882 Poison is any substance that kills living things or makes them ill.
13883 Poison ivy is a kind of harmful vine or shrub in the cashew family.
13884 Poison oak is a type of plant related to poison ivy and poison sumach.
13885 Poisonous plant is any plant that is injurious to human beings or to animals.
13886 Poitier, Sidney (1927-...), is an American film actor who became a symbol of the breakthrough of black
performers in U.S. films.
13887 Poitiers, Battle of, is the name of three events.
13888 Poker is a card game in which players make bets on the cards they hold or hope to hold.
13889 Pokeweed is a tall, branching perennial herb with greenish-white flowers and a red stem.
13890 Poland is a large central European nation that borders on the Baltic Sea.
13891 Polar bear is a large, white bear of the North.
13892 Polarized light consists of light waves that have a simple, orderly arrangement.
13893 Polding, John (1794-1877), became the first Roman Catholic bishop of Australia in 1835, and was made
archbishop of Sydney during a visit to Rome in 1847.
13894 Pole. The earth is constantly rotating (spinning) on an imaginary line called an axis.
13895
Pole, Reginald (1500-1558), a Roman Catholic cardinal, became archbishop of Canterbury in 1556.
13896 Pole vault is a men's event in athletics.
13897 Polecat is a small mammal that belongs to the weasel family.
13898 Police are public employees who enforce the law and maintain order.
13899 Police laboratory is a laboratory where experts analyse, identify, and interpret evidence connected with a
crime.
13900 Police state is any nation or other political unit in which the government allows its law enforcement
agencies to maintain order through terror.
13901 Poliomyelitis, also called polio, is a serious infection caused by a virus.
13902
Polish is a preparation that may be used on wood, metal, and other surfaces to produce a glossy finish.
13903 Polish Corridor was a narrow strip of territory taken from Germany and granted to Poland after
Germany's defeat in World War I (1914-1918).
13904 Politburo was the political bureau of the Central Committee that controlled the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union from 1919 to 1991.
13905 Politi, Leo (1908-1996), was an American artist, and author/ illustrator of children's books.
13906 Political parties are organized groups of people who control, or seek to control, a government.
13907 Political science is the systematic study of political life.
13908 Polk, James Knox (1795-1849), was president of the United States from 1845 to 1849.
13909 Poll tax is a tax levied equally on all the citizens of a community.
13910 Pollaiuolo, Antonio Del (143?-1498), was an Italian sculptor and painter.
13911
Pollen consists of tiny grains that are produced in the male organs of flowering and cone-bearing plants.
13912 Pollock, also spelled pollack, is a food fish related to the cod.
13913 Pollock, Jackson (1912-1956), was an American artist who had an important influence on modern
painting as a leading figure in the abstract expressionist movement.
13914 Polly Woodside was the last sailing ship to be operated in Australian waters.
13915 Polo is a ball game played on horseback on an outdoor or indoor field.
13916 Polo, Marco (1254-1324?), an Italian trader and traveller, became famous for his travels in central Asia
and China.
13917 Polocrosse is an outdoor sport played on horseback.
13918 Polonaise is a dignified national dance of Poland which developed from the promenade.
13919 Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po.
13920 Polyanthus is the name of several hybrid primroses (see HYBRID).
13921 Polybius (204?-122? B.C.), was a Greek historian.
13922 Polycarp, Saint (A.D. 69?-155?), a disciple of John the Evangelist, became Bishop of Smyrna (now
Izmir), Turkey.
13923
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is any of a group of synthetic compounds formed by substituting atoms
of chlorine (chemical symbol, Cl) for atoms of hydrogen (H) in a compound called biphenyl.
13924 Polycrates (^? ^-522? B.C.), ruled the Greek island of Samos from about 540 to 520 B.C. He made
Samos a centre of the arts and built many public works, including an aqueduct and a temple to the
goddess Hera.
13925 Polyester is any of a group of widely used plastics materials.
13926 Polyethylene is a major synthetic polymer, an essential ingredient of plastics.
13927 Polygamy can refer either to a system in which a man has more than one wife at a time, or, less
commonly, to a system in which a woman has more than one husband at a time.
13928 Polygon is a plane figure bounded by line segments, called sides.
13929 Polyhedron is a solid figure bounded by four or more flat surfaces called faces.
13930
Polymer is a large, long, chainlike molecule formed by the chemical linking of many smaller molecules.
13931 Polymerization is a chemical process important in the production of plastics, artificial fibres, synthetic
rubber, and paints.
13932 Polymorphism is the occurrence of three or more distinct types of adults in a species.
13933 Polystyrene is a glasslike, lightweight plastics material used in a variety of goods.
13934 Polytheism is the idea that the sacred appears in many gods rather than in one God.
13935 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a strong, durable plastics material.
13936 Pomare, Sir Maui (1876-1930), was a Maori leader.
13937 Pomegranate is the fruit of a plant raised in warm climates.
13938 Pomerania was a former Prussian province in an area that is now divided between Germany and
Poland.
13939 Pomeranian is the name of a breed of small dog.
13940 Pompadour, Marquise de (1721-1764), was a mistress of King Louis XV of France.
13941 Pompallier, Jean Baptiste Francois (1801-1871), a Roman Catholic missionary, established the Roman
Catholic Church in New Zealand.
13942 Pompano is the name of several species of saltwater fish.
13943
Pompeii was an ancient city in Italy that disappeared after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79.
13944 Pompey the Great (106-48 B.C.) was an outstanding Roman general and statesman.
13945
Pompidou, Georges Jean Raymond (1911-1974), served as president of France from 1969 to 1974.
13946 Ponce de Leon, Juan (1474-1521), was a Spanish explorer.
13947
Pond is a small, quiet body of water that is usually shallow enough for sunlight to reach the bottom.
13948
Pond-skater is the name of several species of water insects that have piercing and sucking mouthparts.
13949 Pondicherry (pop. 789,416) is a union territory of southeastern India.
13950 Pondweed is a plant that grows in water, especially calm water.
13951 Ponomarev, Boris Nikolaevich (1905-...), was a leading official in the Communist Party of what was the
Soviet Union.
13952 Ponta Delgada (pop. 21,813) is the most important city and port of the Portuguese Azores.
13953 Pontiac (1720?-1769), a chief of the Ottawa tribe, was an important American Indian leader during the
1760's.
13954
Pontifex was a member of the board of officials that supervised the religious activities of ancient Rome.
13955 Pontine Marshes is a swamp area in Italy that covers about 70,820 hectares south of Rome, between
Cisterna and Terracina.
13956 Pontoon bridge is a bridge supported by pontoons (flat-bottomed boats), metal cylinders, or other
portable floats.
13957 Pontoppidan, Henrik (1857-1943), a Danish novelist and short story writer, shared the 1917 Nobel Prize
in literature.
13958 Pontus was an ancient area on the south shore of the Black Sea in Asia Minor.
13959 Pony club branches are organized to teach young people to ride and to know and care about horses and
horsemanship.
13960 Pony express was a United States mail delivery service that operated between St. Joseph, Missouri, and
Sacramento, California, in 1860 and 1861.
13961 Poodle is the name of a breed of intelligent, friendly dog.
13962 Poole (pop. 130,900), is a port and a unitary authority with all the local government powers within its
boundaries.
13963 Poor laws were designed to give help and relief to poor people in Britain.
13964
Poor Richard's Almanac was an almanac written and published by Benjamin Franklin (see ALMANAC).
13965 Pop art is an art movement that originated in England in the 1950's but became best known in the United
States during the 1960's.
13966 Popcorn is a type of maize that is a popular snack food in the United States.
13967 Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
13968 Pope, Alexander (1688-1744), was the greatest English poet of the early 1700's.
13969 Popish Plot (1678) was a fictional Roman Catholic conspiracy invented by two Englishmen, Titus Oates
and Israel Tonge (see OATES, TITUS).
13970
Poplar is any one of a group of fast-growing trees that are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
13971 Popocatepetl is a volcanic mountain that lies about 64 kilometres southeast of Mexico City.
13972 Poppy is the common name for several related groups of flowers.
13973 Popular music is music that has mass appeal--that is, music that is enjoyed by a very large proportion of
the population.
13974 Popular sovereignty was a doctrine that developed during the controversy over slavery that is part of the
history of the early United States.
13975 Population of a country or other area is the total number of people who live in it.
13976
Populism was an American political movement that attained its greatest strength during the 1890's.
13977 Porcelain is a type of ceramics highly valued for its beauty and strength.
13978 Porcupine is an animal that has long, soft hairs and strong, stiff quills on its back, sides, and tail.
13979 Porcupinefish, also called spiny puffer, is a kind of fish that has sharp, protective spines covering its
body.
13980 Pore is the tiny opening of a skin gland.
13981 Porgy is a fish that lives in shallow areas of warm seas.
13982 Pork is the meat from pigs.
13983 Porosity is the existence of many small holes or spaces in a material.
13984 Porphyry (233-304), a philosopher in the Neo-Platonic group, described how all the qualities people
attribute to things may be classified.
13985 Porpoise is the name of several sea mammals closely related to dolphins.
13986 Porritt, Lord (1900-1994), served as governor-general of New Zealand from 1967 to 1972.
13987 Port is a place where ships and boats load and unload passengers and cargoes.
13988
Port Arthur (pop. 150) is a town in Tasmania, Australia, that was once a penal settlement for convicts.
13989 Port-au-Prince (pop. 738,342) is the capital and largest city of Haiti.
13990 Port Augusta (pop. 14,966), is a city in South Australia.
13991 Port Broughton (pop. 587) is a small resort in South Australia.
13992 Port Chalmers (pop. 2,871), lies 14 kilometres from Dunedin on the western shore of Otago Harbour in
the South Island of New Zealand.
13993 Port Elizabeth (pop. 303,353; met. area pop. 825,799) is a leading seaport and industrial city in Eastern
Cape.
13994
Port Elliott is a resort on Horseshoe Bay, about 80 kilometres south of Adelaide, in South Australia.
13995 Port Hedland (pop. 12,596), is a town on the northwestern coast of Western Australia.
13996 Port Kembla, in New South Wales, is one of the fastest-growing industrial areas in Australia.
13997 Port Latta, on the northwest coast of Tasmania, Australia, was built specifically to export iron ore from
the Savage River mine.
13998 Port Lincoln (pop. 11,809), is a city at the southern end of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.
13999 Port Louis (pop. 138,482) is the capital, largest city, and leading port of Mauritius, an island country in
the Indian Ocean.
14000 Port Macquarie (pop. 22,884) is a town in New South Wales, Australia.
14001 Port Macdonnell (pop. 682), is the most southerly settlement in South Australia.
14002 Port of Melbourne, in Victoria, is Australia's largest general cargo port.
14003 Port Moresby (pop. 152,100) is the administrative centre of Papua New Guinea.
14004 Port of entry is any place established by a government to receive foreigners, imports, and customs
duties.
14005 Port-of-Spain (pop. 59,649) is the capital and trade centre of Trinidad and Tobago, an island country
northeast of South America.
14006 Port Phillip Bay is a large inlet of Bass Strait, on the southern coast of Victoria, Australia.
14007 Port Pirie (pop. 14,398), is a leading provincial city in South Australia, and the state's closest port to the
rich silver-lead-zinc mines at Broken Hill.
14008 Port Said (pop. 399,793) is an Egyptian city that lies at the junction of the Suez Canal and the
Mediterranean Sea.
14009 Port Sudan (pop. 206,727), the main port of Sudan, lies on the Red Sea, 402 kilometres northeast of
Atbara.
14010 Port Talbot (49,900) is a town and local government district in West Glamorgan, South Wales.
14011 Port Victoria (pop. 258) is a small coastal town in South Australia, named in 1839 by Robert Cock after
the schooner used to explore the Spencer Gulf.
14012 Portage is the carrying of goods or boats overland between two bodies of water, or around some
obstacle such as a waterfall or river rapids.
14013 Portal, Lord (1893-1971), Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, was commander-in-chief of the Royal Air
Force's Bomber Command in 1940.
14014 Porter is the family name of two United States naval officers, father and son.
14015 Porter, Cole (1891-1964), was an American songwriter famous for his witty lyrics and for imaginative
melodies.
14016 Porter, Fitz-John (1822-1901), an American soldier, became the central figure in a celebrated military
inquiry.
14017 Porter, Gene Stratton (1863-1924), was an American writer of sentimental outdoor stories.
14018 Porter, Hal (1911-1984), an Australian short-story writer, poet, playwright, and novelist, gained renown
during the 1960's.
14019 Porter, Katherine Anne (1890-1980), was an American writer noted mainly for her short stories.
14020 Portland (pop. 10,136) is a town on Portland Bay in Victoria, Australia.
14021 Portland (pop. 437,319; met. area pop. 1,239,842) is a city in the United States.
14022 Portland, Duke of (1738-1809), was twice prime minister of Britain.
14023 Porto (pop. 330,199; met. area pop. 1,550,800) is Portugal's second largest city.
14024 Porto Alegre (pop. 1,108,883; met. area pop. 2,232,370) is the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul
in southern Brazil.
14025 Porto-Novo (pop. 144,000) is the official capital of Benin, West Africa.
14026 Portsmouth (pop. 174,700), is a city in Hampshire, England.
14027 Portugal is the westernmost country of continental Europe.
14028
Portuguese discovery of Australia has been the subject of debate among experts for nearly 200 years.
14029 Portuguese language is the official language of Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, and Angola.
14030 Portuguese man-of-war is a floating creature found in warm seas throughout the world.
14031 Portuguese water dog is a breed of dog noted for its exceptional swimming ability.
14032 Portulaca is the name of a group of herbs with dainty red, yellow, pink, white, or purple flowers.
14033 Poseidon was the Greek god of the sea.
14034 Positivism is a variation of the philosophical theory called empiricism.
14035 Positron emission tomography (PET) is a technique used to produce images of the chemical activity of
the brain and other body tissues.
14036 Possession Island is a small, hilly, grass-covered island situated west of Cape York on the far
northeastern coast of Australia.
14037 Possum is a furry mammal that lives in the trees of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands.
14038 Post, Wiley (1899-1935), a pioneer American aviator, was the first person to make a solo flight around
the world.
14039 Post office is a place where mail is handled and where postage stamps, other postal materials, and
services are sold.
14040
Postal order, or money order, is a document ordering that a sum of money be paid to a certain person.
14041 Postal Union, Universal (UPU), is a specialized agency of the United Nations that sets rules for the free
flow of mail between countries.
14042 Poster is a printed sheet of paper or cardboard that is displayed in public.
14043 Postimpressionism is the name applied to several styles of painting that arose in western Europe,
especially France, in the 1880's and 1890's.
14044 Post-modernism is a term often applied to artistic styles that emerged in the mid-1900's.
14045 Posture is the position of a person's body while standing or sitting.
14046 Potash is the commercial name for a group of salts containing the element potassium.
14047 Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K. It is a silvery metal.
14048 Potato is the world's most widely grown vegetable and one of the most important foods.
14049 Potentilla is the name of several types of flowering shrub.
14050
Potentiometer is a device that measures electric current, voltage, and resistance with high precision.
14051 Potsdam (pop. 138,737) is a German city that stands on the Havel River, about 24 kilometres southwest
of Berlin.
14052 Potsdam Conference was the last meeting among the leaders of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom
(UK), and the United States during World War II (1939-1945).
14053 Potter, Beatrix (1866-1943), was an English author and illustrator known for her charming children's
stories about small animals.
14054 Potter, Dennis (1935-1994), a British playwright, author, and journalist, became well known for his
television plays.
14055 Potter, Stephen (1900-1969), a British author, became widely known for his humorous books.
14056 Potteries is the name given to a district of northern Staffordshire, England, devoted to the manufacture of
china and earthenware.
14057 Potter's field is a free burial ground for strangers, criminals, and people too poor to pay funeral
expenses.
14058 Pottery is a type of decorative or useful ware made of baked clay.
14059 Potto is a small animal that lives in western Africa.
14060 Poulenc, Francis (1899-1963), was a French composer.
14061 Poultry are birds that are bred to provide meat and eggs for people.
14062 Pound, also called pound sterling, is the monetary unit of Great Britain and some other countries.
14063 Pound is a common unit of weight in the British system of weights and measures used before the
adoption of the metric system, and is the customary system used in the United States and several other
English-speaking countries.
14064 Pound, Ezra Loomis (1885-1972), was an American poet and critic.
14065 Poussin, Nicolas (1594-1665), was the most highly respected French painter of his age.
14066 Poverty is the state or fact of being in want.
14067 Powder horn was an instrument for carrying the gunpowder used in muzzle-loading muskets.
14068 Powder metallurgy is a process that reduces metals to powdered form and presses the powder into
certain somewhat restricted shapes.
14069 Powell, Anthony (1905-...), an English writer, is best known for his 12-volume series of novels called A
Dance to the Music of Time.
14070 Powell, Cecil Frank (1903-1969), was a British physicist.
14071 Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902), was an American geologist, an authority on irrigation, and a student
of Amerindians.
14072 Power, in arithmetic, is the product of a number multiplied by itself a specified number of times.
14073 Power, in physics, is the rate of doing work.
14074 Power, in the social sciences, is the ability of persons or groups to impose their will on others.
14075 Power, Harry (1819-1891?), was an Australian bushranger.
14076 Power House Museum in Sydney, Australia, displays items of science and technology from Australia's
past.
14077 Power of attorney is a legal, written document, usually in the form of a deed.
14078 Power plant is any system that generates power.
14079 Powers, Hiram (1805-1873), was one of the best-known American sculptors of the mid-1800's.
14080 Powys is the family name of three brothers, all of whom achieved fame as writers.
14081 Powys is a region in mid-Wales.
14082 Poynting, John Henry (1852-1914), was a British physicist whose most important research was on the
theory of electromagnetism.
14083 Poznan (pop. 575,100) is a city that lies on the Warta River in west-central Poland.
14084 Praetor was a law official in ancient Rome.
14085 Praetorian Guard was the personal guard of the Roman emperors.
14086 Praetorius, Michael (1571-1621), a German composer of church music, became known also as a music
historian.
14087
Pragmatic sanction was a type of decree concerning church or state matters issued by European rulers.
14088 Pragmatism is a philosophy that attempts to apply the methods of science to philosophy.
14089 Prague (pop. 1,189,828) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and an important centre of
culture and learning.
14090 Prairie is a region of flat or hilly land covered chiefly by tall grasses.
14091 Prairie chicken is the name of two species of North American grouse.
14092 Prairie dog is a burrowing rodent that lives in grassy regions of western North America.
14093
Prambanan is the name given to a group of Hindu temples near Yogyakarta, in central Java, Indonesia.
14094 Pramudya Ananta Tur (1925-...) is one of Indonesia's greatest writers of the 1900's.
14095 Prasad, Rajendra (1884-1963), was a prominent leader of the nationalist struggle in India.
14096 Praseodymium is one of the rare-earth chemical elements.
14097 Pratap Sinha, Rana (1540-1597), an Indian king, is regarded as a hero in the state of Rajasthan.
14098 Pratincole is the name given to 16 species of birds with long pointed wings and a forked tail.
14099 Pravda was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union until the Communist Party
lost control of the Soviet government in 1991.
14100 Praxiteles was one of the greatest Greek sculptors of the 300's B.C. He was one of the first sculptors to
humanize the Greek gods and goddesses, a departure from the stern, remote, awe-inspiring figures of
previous Greek sculptors.
14101 Prayer refers to reverent words and thoughts directed toward God, gods, goddesses, or other objects of
worship.
14102 Prayer Book is the service book of the Church of England.
14103 Predestination is the belief that God foresees and wills from all eternity that some individuals will be
saved.
14104 Preferential voting is the process used in federal and state parliamentary elections in Australia.
14105 Pregnancy, also called gestation, is the period during which a female carries a developing baby within
her body.
14106 Prehistoric animal is any animal that lived more than 5,500 years ago--that is, before people invented
writing and began to record history.
14107
Prehistoric people are human beings who lived before writing was invented about 5,500 years ago.
14108 Prejudice is an opinion formed without taking the time or care to judge fairly.
14109 Prelate is the title of a high-ranking church official.
14110 Prelude is a piece of music played as an introduction to other music, or before a play or an opera (see
OVERTURE).
14111
Premature birth occurs when a woman gives birth to a baby before the pregnancy reaches full term.
14112 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition that affects many women 3 to 10 days before the
beginning of their menstrual period.
14113 Premier is the head of the cabinet in some countries of the world.
14114 Premiers' conference is an annual meeting between the premiers of the six Australian states and
representatives of the Australian federal government.
14115 Prendergast, Maurice Brazil (1859-1924), was an American painter and illustrator.
14116 Prentice, Reginald Ernest (1923-...) was a United kingdom politician and government minister.
14117 Preposition, in grammar, is a word that introduces a word or phrase and connects that word with the
word it modifies.
14118 Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of seven young English artists and writers who wanted to
reform England's art.
14119 Presbyterians form a large group of Protestant denominations in English-speaking countries.
14120 Prescott, John (1938-...), a British politician, became deputy prime minister and secretary of state for
transport, the environment, and the regions, in 1997.
14121 Prescott, William Hickling (1796-1859), an American historian, wrote chiefly about Spain and its relations
with the New World and with the Protestant Reformation.
14122 Preseli Pembrokeshire (pop. 69,600) is the most westerly local government area in Wales.
14123 Presentation software consists of computer programs used to prepare text and illustrations for viewing
on a film screen.
14124 President is a title used by some heads of state or leaders of national governments.
14125 President of the United States is often considered the most powerful elected official in the world.
14126
Presley, Elvis (1935-1977), became the most popular American singer in the history of rock music.
14127 Pre-Socratic philosophy is a term for the theories developed by Greek philosophers from about 600 B.C.
to 400 B.C. These philosophers are called pre-Socratic because most of them preceded Socrates, the
famous philosopher of Athens.
14128 Press gangs were groups of seamen used to obtain conscripts (involuntary recruits) for Britain's Royal
Navy until the early 1800's.
14129 Pressure is defined as force per unit area.
14130 Prester John (or Presbyter John) was a legendary Christian priest and king.
14131 Preston (pop. 126,200) is the administrative centre of the county of Lancashire, in England.
14132 Prestwick is a small town in South Ayrshire, in southern Scotland.
14133 Pretenders were two claimants to the throne of England, the son and the grandson of James II.
14134 Pretoria (pop. 525,583; met. area pop. 1,025,790) is the administrative capital of South Africa and its
fourth largest city.
14135 Pretzel is a type of German biscuit.
14136
Prevailing westerly is a wind that blows over the North and South middle latitudes from west to east.
14137 Prevert, Jacques (1900-1977), was probably the most popular French poet of the mid-1900's.
14138 Previn, Andre (1929-...), is an American conductor, pianist, and composer.
14139 Priam, in Greek mythology, was the last king of Troy and ruler of the city during the Trojan War with
Greece.
14140 Pribilof Islands are four hilly islands in the Bering Sea.
14141 Price is the amount of money for which something can be bought or sold.
14142
Price, Leontyne (1927-...), an American singer, ranks among the most celebrated sopranos of her time.
14143 Price, Richard (1723-1791), was a Welsh Nonconformist minister and an influential writer.
14144 Price control is a method used by a government to influence prices for the benefit of producers or
consumers.
14145 Prickly ash is one of a group of trees or shrubs.
14146 Prickly heat is a skin rash of tiny, red pimples that itch.
14147 Prickly pear, also called nopal or cholla, is a type of cactus with prickly fruit that are shaped somewhat
like a pear or fig.
14148 Pride's Purge was one of the most decisive events of the English Civil War.
14149 Pridham, John Theodore (1879-1954), was one of Australia's greatest plant breeders.
14150
Priest, in many religions and religious denominations, is the title of certain members of the clergy.
14151 Priestley, John Boynton (1894-1984), was an English novelist, playwright, and journalist who wrote his
novels in the realistic tradition of the 1800's.
14152 Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804), an English clergyman and chemist, shares the credit for the discovery of
oxygen with Carl Wilhelm Scheele of Sweden (see OXYGEN).
14153 Primary election, in the United States, is a method of selecting candidates to run for public office.
14154 Primate is a member of the group of mammals made up of human beings and the animals that resemble
them most closely.
14155 Prime minister is the head of the government in the United Kingdom and many other countries.
14156 Primo de Rivera, Miguel (1870-1930), Marques de Estella, was a Spanish army general.
14157 Primogeniture is a system of inheritance widely used in Europe for hundreds of years.
14158 Primrose is the common name of a group of plants that usually flower in early spring.
14159 Prince is a title of the highest rank of the nobility.
14160 Prince consort is the husband of a reigning queen.
14161
Prince Edward Island (pop. 134,557) is the smallest but most densely populated province of Canada.
14162 Prince of Wales is the title given to the first male heir to the throne of the United Kingdom.
14163 Princes in the Tower were the two young sons of Edward IV of England.
14164 Princess Royal is a title bestowed by the British monarch upon his or her eldest daughter.
14165 Printing is one of our most important means of mass communication, along with radio, television, and
films.
14166 Prion, also called whalebird, is any of six species of sea birds.
14167 Prion is a microscopic particle that causes scrapie, a disease of sheep and goats.
14168 Prior, James (1927-...), a British Conservative politician, served from 1981 to 1984 as secretary of state
for Northern Ireland.
14169 Prism is a solid that has two parallel bases joined by three or more lateral surfaces (sides).
14170 Prison is an institution for confining and punishing people who have been convicted of committing a
crime.
14171 Prison hulks were ships used to accommodate British convicts.
14172 Prisoner of war, or POW, is a captured member of a warring country's armed forces.
14173 Pritchard, Sir John (1921-1989), a British opera and orchestral conductor, was chief conductor of the
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Symphony Orchestra from 1982 to 1989.
14174 Privateer is a privately owned armed vessel.
14175 Privet is a popular shrub for hedges.
14176 Privy Council is an honorary council appointed by the Crown of Great Britain.
14177 Privy Seal is an official stamp that was once used on public documents in Britain.
14178 Probability. When we say that one event is more probable than another, we mean it is more likely to
happen.
14179 Probate. When people die, their wills must be admitted to probate (proved to be genuine).
14180 Probation is a judicial act that allows a convicted criminal to remain free in society instead of serving a
sentence in prison.
14181
Proboscis monkey is a large, leaf-eating monkey that lives on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.
14182 Procaine is a drug used to block pain sensation in a specific part of the body.
14183 Proclamation is an executive notice issued under the authority of the head of a country.
14184 Proclamation Day is the day on which the South Australians celebrate the proclamation of the colony of
South Australia.
14185 Procter, Michael John (1946-...), was an outstanding South African cricketer.
14186 Procurator fiscal is an officer of the judicial system in Scotland.
14187
Production is a major step in the series of economic processes that bring goods and services to people.
14188 Profit is the amount of money a company has left over from the sale of its products after it has paid for all
the expenses of production.
14189 Profit sharing. Many employers share part of their profits with their employees.
14190 Progeria is an extremely rare disorder that causes premature aging in children.
14191 Progesterone is a hormone produced mainly by the ovaries and the placenta in female animals during
the years when they are able to bear young.
14192
Programming is the planning of operations to be performed by computers or other automatic machines.
14193 Progression, in mathematics, is a sequence of related numbers or symbols called terms.
14194 Progressive Conservative Party has been one of the two major political organizations of Canada.
14195 Progressive Democrats (PD's) are the third largest political party in the Republic of Ireland.
14196
Progressive movement was a campaign for economic, political, and social reform in the United States.
14197 Prohibition is the prevention by law of the drinking of alcoholic beverages.
14198 Projection screen is a square or rectangular device on which films or slides are shown.
14199 Projector is a device used to show pictures on a screen.
14200 Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich (1916-...), is a Russian physicist.
14201 Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich (1891-1953), was a major Russian composer.
14202 Prologue is an introduction to a play or other writing.
14203 Prometheus, in Greek myths, was a member of the earliest race of gods, called Titans.
14204 Promethium is a chemical element with symbol Pm.
14205 Promissory note is an unconditional and irrevocable promise made in writing to pay a specified sum of
money, on demand or at a given date, to a designated person.
14206 Pronghorn is a graceful, hoofed animal that lives in North America.
14207 Pronoun is a part of speech used in place of a noun.
14208 Pronunciation is the process or action of saying words.
14209 Propaganda is one-sided communication designed to influence people's thinking and actions.
14210 Propeller is a device for producing motion that has blades mounted on a power-driven shaft.
14211 Property, in law, means ownership.
14212 Property tax is a tax collected from the owners of buildings, land, and other taxable property, including
business equipment and inventory.
14213 Prophet, in religion, is a person who claims to have been given a message by God which must be
communicated to others.
14214 Prophylaxis means any treatment that protects a person from a disease.
14215 Proportion is a relationship of equivalence between two ratios.
14216 Proportional representation is a system of electing members of a legislature.
14217 Prose is the language of everyday speech and writing.
14218 Prospecting means searching for valuable mineral deposits.
14219 Prostaglandin is the name of a group of important chemical compounds.
14220 Prostate gland, is an organ of the male reproductive system.
14221 Prosthetics is a branch of medicine that deals with supplying artificial parts for the body.
14222 Prostitution is the performance of sexual acts for payment.
14223 Protactinium is a chemical element.
14224 Protea is the name of a large group of shrubs and trees that grow mainly in South Africa.
14225 Protective coloration is colouring that protects a plant or animal from its enemies.
14226 Protectorate is a weak country that is controlled by a stronger country.
14227 Protein is one of the three main classes of foods essential to the body.
14228 Protestant ethic is a set of attitudes that stress the moral value of work, self-discipline, and personal
responsibility.
14229 Protestantism is the general name for hundreds of Christian denominations and sects that differ slightly
or greatly from one another.
14230 Protist is the name of a group of organisms, most of which are microscopic.
14231 Protocol is a document containing a record of talks carried on by diplomatic representatives.
14232 Proton is a positively charged subatomic particle.
14233 Protoplasm is a term that means the living matter of cells.
14234 Protozoan is a one-celled organism that may have plantlike or animallike characteristics.
14235 Protractor is a device for measuring the size of angles.
14236 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865), was a French socialist and reformer.
14237 Proust, Joseph Louis (1754-1826), was a French chemist.
14238 Proust, Marcel (1871-1922), was a French author.
14239 Proverb is a brief saying that presents a truth or some bit of useful wisdom.
14240 Proverbs, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
14241 Province, in Roman times, was a conquered district ruled by an official from Rome.
14242 Provisional government is a temporary government frequently set up during or after a revolution or other
disorder.
14243 Proxy is a substitute.
14244 Prune is a sweet plum that has been dried.
14245 Pruning is the cutting away of plant parts, such as branches, shoots, buds, or roots.
14246 Prussia was a powerful military nation in north-central Europe, for hundreds of years.
14247 Prussian blue is a dark blue solid substance with a coppery lustre.
14248 Prussic acid, also known as hydrocyanic acid, is called prussic acid because it was first obtained from
Prussian blue (see PRUSSIAN BLUE).
14249 Prut is an important river in south-central Europe.
14250 Przewalski's horse, also called Przhevalski's horse, is a species of horse which once roamed central
Asia in herds.
14251 Psaila, Carmelo (Dun Karm) (1871-1961), a Maltese priest, came to be regarded as Malta's national
poet.
14252 Psalms, Book of, is a collection of 150 poems or songs in the Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible.
14253 Pseudonym is a fictitious name taken by authors and other people who wish to conceal their true
identities or simply to be known by another name.
14254 Psi particle, also called a J particle, is a type of subatomic particle.
14255 Psittacosis is a contagious disease that is carried by some birds.
14256
Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by thick, raised, red patches covered with silvery-white scales.
14257 Psyche was a princess in ancient mythology.
14258
Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
14259 Psychical research is the original name of a field of study that is now known as parapsychology.
14260
Psychoanalysis is a method of treating mental illness founded by the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud.
14261 Psychological warfare uses propaganda to reach certain goals.
14262 Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour.
14263 Psychosis is a term used to describe a severe mental illness.
14264 Psychosomatic medicine is the use of the methods and principles of psychology in the treatment of
physical ailments.
14265 Psychotherapy is any treatment of mental or emotional disorders by psychological means.
14266 Psyllium is a herb grown in southern Europe and India.
14267 Ptarmigan is the name for a group of birds that resemble grouse.
14268 Pteridophyte, also called fern plant, is one of a large and important group of plants that are simpler in
their structures than flowering plants.
14269 Pterosaur was a member of an extinct group of flying reptiles.
14270
Ptolemy (A.D. 100?-165?) was one of the greatest astronomers and geographers of ancient times.
14271 Ptolemy I (367?-283? B.C.) founded a family of rulers who reigned in Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C. This
family became known as the Ptolemies.
14272 Ptomaine poisoning is an outdated term for a type of food poisoning.
14273 Pu Yi (1906-1967), often called Henry Pu Yi, was the last emperor of China.
14274 Public domain means that the right to possess or own property belongs to the public rather than to an
individual.
14275 Public houses are places where people can go to buy alcoholic or other cold drinks.
14276 Public opinion refers to the opinions or views of people in a community or country on issues of public
interest or concern.
14277
Public opinion poll is a survey to find out the attitudes, beliefs, or opinions of a large number of people.
14278 Public relations, commonly called PR, is an activity aimed at increasing communication and
understanding between an organization or individual and one or more groups called publics.
14279 Public speaking. Training in effective public speaking is an essential part of training for leadership in any
field of activity.
14280
Public trustee is a government official who acts as a trustee of people's estates in England and Wales.
14281 Public utility is a business which provides an essential service to the public.
14282 Publishing is the process of preparing, manufacturing, and distributing books, magazines, newspapers,
or other printed materials.
14283 Puccini, Giacomo (1858-1924), was an Italian opera composer.
14284 Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, a mischievous spirit or elf in English folklore, tormented people, usually in
fun.
14285 Puckapunyal is a state military camp near Seymour in Victoria, Australia.
14286 Puebla is a state in east-central Mexico between Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico.
14287 Puebla (pop. 1,007,170), officially Puebla de Zaragoza, one of the largest cities in Mexico, stands 105
kilometres southeast of Mexico City.
14288 Puerto Rico is an island in the Caribbean Sea about 1,600 kilometres southeast of Florida, U.S.A. It is a
commonwealth (dependent territory) of the United States.
14289 Puffball is a fungus that produces a ball-shaped fruit with spores completely enclosed.
14290 Puffer is a type of fish that can inflate its body like a balloon.
14291
Puffin, also called sea parrot, is a bird that lives in the Arctic waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
14292 Pug is a small dog with a short nose and a tail that curls tightly over its back.
14293 Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich (1742?-1775), a Russian soldier, led a revolt against Russian landowners
in 1773 and 1774.
14294 Puget, Peter (1762?-1822), a British naval officer and explorer, played an important part in the
exploration of the north Pacific Coast of North America.
14295 Puget Sound is a large, irregular inlet in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Washington.
14296 Pugh, Clifton (1924-1990), an Australian painter, won the Archibald Prize for portrait painting at the Art
Gallery of New South Wales, Australia, in 1965, 1971, and 1972.
14297 Pugin was the family name of three British architects who had a great influence upon the revival of
Gothic architecture in the 1800's.
14298
Pukeko is a colourful New Zealand bird that lives in swamps, lake shores, and poorly drained farmland.
14299 Pulaski, Casimir (1747?-1779), a Polish nobleman and soldier, won fame for his role with the Continental
Army in the American Revolution (1775-1783).
14300 Puli is a medium-sized sheepdog originally bred in Hungary.
14301 Pulitzer, Joseph (1847-1911), was a Hungarian immigrant who became one of the greatest American
newspaper publishers in history.
14302 Pulley is a wheel over which a rope or belt is passed for the purpose of transmitting energy and doing
work.
14303 Pullman, George Mortimer (1831-1897), was an American inventor and businessman.
14304 Pulsar is an object in space that sends out regular bursts of electromagnetic radiation, mainly in the form
of radio waves.
14305 Pulse is caused by a stretching of the arteries that takes place after each heartbeat.
14306 Pumice is a greyish-white natural glass with many tiny holes.
14307 Pump is a device that moves or compresses liquids and gases.
14308 Pumpkin is a vegetable related to marrows.
14309 Pun is a humorous use of words that sound alike or nearly alike but have different meanings.
14310 Punch and Judy are the main characters in a type of comic puppet show popular in England.
14311 Punctuation is the use of certain marks in writing and printing to make the writer's meaning clear.
14312 Pune (pop. 1,203,351), formerly called Poona, is a city in western India.
14313 Punic Wars were three struggles between ancient Rome and Carthage.
14314 Punjab region occupies a vast plain in southern Asia.
14315 Punjab is a state in northern India.
14316 Pupa is the relatively inactive stage in the metamorphosis (development) of most insects.
14317 Pupfish is any of about 30 species of small fish that live mainly in springs and streams in the
Southwestern United States and Mexico.
14318 Pupin, Michael Idvorsky (1858-1935), was a Serbian-American electrical engineer, educator, and
inventor.
14319 Puppet is an artificial figure whose movements are controlled by a person.
14320 Purbeck (pop. 42,600) is a local government district in the south of Dorset, England.
14321 Purcell, Henry (1659?-1695), was an English composer during the baroque period.
14322 Purgatory is a state, according to Roman Catholic tradition, in which people who have died atone for
their sins before being admitted to the vision of God in heaven.
14323 Purim is a joyous Jewish festival celebrated in February or March, on the 14th day of the Hebrew month
of Adar.
14324 Puritans were members of a religious and social movement of the 1500's and 1600's.
14325 Purple flag flower, also called wild iris, belongs to a genus (group) of plants that grow mainly in Australia,
but also extend north to the Philippines.
14326 Purslane is the name of about 40 species (kinds) of fleshy leaved trailing, annual plants.
14327 Purus River is one of the chief tributaries of the Amazon River.
14328 Pus is a yellow-white liquid that the body produces during infection.
14329 Pusan (pop. 3,516,807) is the second largest city and the major port in South Korea.
14330 Pusey, Edward Bouverie (1800-1882), an English theologian, was one of the founders of the Tractarian
movement (see TRACTARIANS).
14331 Pusey, Nathan Marsh (1907-...), an American educator, served as president of Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., from 1953 to 1971.
14332 Pushkin, Alexander (1799-1837), is considered Russia's greatest poet.
14333 Pushtuns are one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
14334 Pussy willow, also called goat willow or great sallow, is a shrub or small tree belonging to the willow
family.
14335 Putnam, Herbert (1861-1955), an American librarian, served as Librarian of Congress from 1899 to
1939.
14336 Putty is a filler material that is soft when applied, but slowly hardens.
14337 Pye, Hugh (1860-1942), was an outstanding breeder of wheat strains in Australia.
14338 Pygmalion was a sculptor and king of Cyprus in Greek legend.
14339 Pygmies are small people.
14340 Pyle, Howard (1853-1911), an American painter, became one of the most influential illustrators of his
time.
14341 Pym, Francis Leslie (1922-...), an English politician, was the Conservative Party government's secretary
of state for foreign and commonwealth affairs from 1982 to 1983.
14342 Pym, John (1584-1643), was a prominent English parliamentarian during the 1600's.
14343 Pyongyang (pop. 2,639,448) is the capital and largest city of North Korea.
14344 Pyramid, in geometry, is a solid figure with triangular faces that meet at a common point.
14345 Pyramids are large structures with square bases and four smooth, triangular-shaped sides that come to
a point at the top.
14346 Pyramus and Thisbe are young lovers in an ancient legend.
14347 Pyrenean sheepdog is the smallest of four breeds of French sheepdogs.
14348 Pyrenees is a mountain chain that forms a natural barrier between France and Spain.
14349 Pyrethrum is the name of a group of flowers, native to southwestern Asia, that give us an insect powder
and medicine.
14350 Pyrite, or "fool's gold," as it is sometimes called, is a compound of iron and sulphur.
14351 Pyromania refers to an uncontrollable urge to start fires.
14352 Pyrometry is a system of measuring temperatures.
14353 Pyroxene is any of a group of minerals that play an important part in the formation of many kinds of
rocks.
14354 Pyrrho of Elis (361?-270? B.C.) was the founder of Scepticism, a philosophical movement of ancient
Greece.
14355 Pyrrhus (318?-272 B.C.) was a king of Epirus in Greece.
14356 Pythagoras (580?-^? ^B.C.) was a Greek philosopher and mathematician.
14357 Pythagoras' theorem, in geometry, states that in a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse
equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
14358 Pytheas was a Greek explorer who lived in the late 300's B.C. Pytheas slipped by a blockade set up by
the Carthaginian navy at Gibraltar in order to explore the northern coasts of Europe.
14359
Python is a large snake that lives in southeastern Asia, India, the East Indies, Africa, and Australia.
14360 Q is the 17th letter of the English alphabet.
14361 Qaboos bin Said (1940-...), became sultan of Oman in 1970.
14362
Qadhafi, Muammar Muhammad al- (1942-...), took over the leadership of Libya's government in 1969.
14363 Qandahar, also spelled Kandahar (pop. 191,345), is the second largest city of Afghanistan.
14364 Qantas is Australia's only international airline.
14365 Qatar is a small Arab country in southwestern Asia.
14366 Qin dynasty, also spelled Ch'in, was a Chinese dynasty (family of rulers) that governed from 221 B.C. to
206 B.C. The dynasty began after Shi Huangdi, ruler of the state of Qin in northwestern China,
conquered rival northern and central states.
14367 Qu Yuan (340?-278? B.C.), was a great patriotic poet of ancient China.
14368
Quadrilateral is the name given to a plane figure with four straight sides--that is, a four-sided polygon.
14369 Quadrillion is a thousand million millions in the United States and France.
14370 Quagga was a species (kind) of zebra that lived in South Africa and became extinct in the wild during the
1860's.
14371 Quail is a type of small bird that belongs to the same family as pheasants and partridges, grouse,
turkeys, and guineafowl.
14372 Quakers is the popular name for members of the Religious Society of Friends.
14373 Quandong is a small, slim tree that grows in the dry parts of Australia.
14374 Quango is an organization set up by the British government to carry out work on many projects.
14375 Quantock Hills are a ridge of hills in western Somerset, England.
14376 Quantum electrodynamics is a theory concerning the interaction of electrons and electromagnetic
radiation.
14377 Quantum mechanics is a field of physics that describes the structure of the atom and the motion of
atomic particles.
14378
Quarantine is the isolation of certain people, places, or animals that may carry danger of infection.
14379 Quark Quark is one of three families of particles that serve as "building blocks" of matter.
14380 Quarrying is a method of taking large solid blocks or broken masses of stone from the earth and
preparing them for construction projects.
14381 Quart is a unit of capacity or volume for both dry and liquid substances.
14382 Quarter is a United States coin worth 25 cents, or a quarter (fourth) of a dollar.
14383 Quarter days are four days that each mark the beginning of one quarter of the year.
14384 Quartz is a common mineral that occurs in many types of rocks.
14385 Quartzite is a rock composed chiefly of the mineral quartz.
14386 Quasar is an extremely luminous object at a great distance from our galaxy.
14387 Quasicrystal is a solid composed of atoms arranged in an orderly pattern that differs from the pattern in a
crystal.
14388 Quasimodo, Salvatore (1901-1968), an Italian poet, won the 1959 Nobel Prize for literature.
14389 Quayle, Dan (1947-...), served as vice president of the United States from 1989 to 1993, during the term
of President George Bush.
14390 Queanbeyan (pop. 24,943) is a city on the Queanbeyan River in New South Wales, Australia.
14391 Quebec (pop. 6,895,963) is the largest province of Canada.
14392
Quebec (pop. 167,517) is the capital city of the province of Quebec and the oldest city in Canada.
14393 Quebec, Battle of, settled the fate of the French empire in America.
14394 Quebec Conferences were two strategic conferences that took place in the Canadian city of Quebec
during World War II (1939-1945).
14395 Quebracho is a type of South American tree that grows mainly in Argentina and Paraguay.
14396 Queen is the title of a woman who rules a kingdom in her own right, or who is the wife of a king.
14397
Queen Alexandra Range is a mountain range in Victoria Land, part of Ross dependency, Antarctica.
14398 Queen, Ellery, was the pen name of two American cousins, Frederic Dannay (1905-1982) and Manfred
B. Lee (1905-1971), who became successful detective-story writers.
14399 Queen Anne's Bounty was a fund that Queen Anne of Great Britain (now the United Kingdom)
established in 1704 to supplement the incomes of the poorer clergy.
14400 Queen Anne's War was the second of four wars fought between England and France for control of North
America.
14401 Queen Charlotte Islands are an archipelago (chain of islands) south of Alaska.
14402 Queen Charlotte Sound is the most easterly of the Marlborough Sounds, a group of fiords on the
northern coast of the South Island of New Zealand (see FIORD).
14403 Queen Maud Mountains are a range of rugged mountains in Antarctica.
14404 Queen Victoria Building is a historic building in George Street, Sydney.
14405 Queens is the largest of New York City's five boroughs (districts) in area.
14406 Queen's Awards for Export and Technology are awarded to companies in the United Kingdom for
outstanding achievement in increasing exports or in technological innovation (using new methods or
producing new products).
14407 Queen's birthday is celebrated in the United Kingdom on a Saturday early in June, not on the Queen's
actual birthday, April 21.
14408 Queen's evidence. In the United Kingdom, when a person accused of a crime volunteers, and is
permitted, to give evidence against others involved in the crime, he or she is said to have turned
Queen's evidence.
14409 Queensberry, Marquess of (1844-1900), John Sholto Douglas, a Scottish sportsman, sponsored the
modern boxing code that came to bear his name see QUEENSBERRY RULES.
14410 Queensberry Rules are a set of rules for boxing matches.
14411 Queensland, the second largest state in Australia, lies in the northeast of the continent.
14412 Queenstown (pop. 3,593), is a town in western Tasmania, Australia.
14413 Queenstown (pop. 3,659), is the most popular tourist resort in the South Island of New Zealand.
14414
Quemoy is the name of a group of islands about 8 kilometres off the coast of China, in the Taiwan Strait.
14415 Queretaro is a mountainous state in central Mexico.
14416 Quesnay, Francois (1694-1774), was a French economist who made some of the earliest contributions
to the development of economics.
14417 Quetta (pop. 285,719) is a city in western Pakistan.
14418 Quetzal is a brilliantly coloured bird of the trogon family (see TROGON).
14419 Quevedo, Francisco de (1580-1645), was the leading Spanish humanist of the 1600's.
14420 Quezon, Manuel L. (1878-1944), served as first president of the Philippines Commonwealth from 1935
until his death.
14421 Quezon City (pop. 1,666,766) is a beautiful city in the Philippines.
14422 Quick, Sir John (1852-1932), an English-born lawyer in Victoria, was one of the founding fathers of
federation in Australia.
14423 Quicksand is a deep mass of extremely fine sand.
14424 Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur (1863-1944), was a British novelist, essayist, poet, and literary critic.
14425 Quilt is a cloth bedcover.
14426 Quilter, Roger (1877-1953), an English composer, is best remembered for his songs.
14427 Quince is a type of attractive shrub or small tree that is closely related to apple and pear trees.
14428 Quinine is a bitter tasting substance that is taken from the bark of the cinchona tree.
14429 Quinn, Ruari (1946-...), was Ireland's minister of finance from 1994 to 1997 in the coalition government
led by John Bruton.
14430 Quinoa is a grain plant native to the Andes Mountains of South America.
14431 Quintilian (A.D. 35?-95?), was a Roman teacher of oratory.
14432 Quintillion is a million million millions in the United States and France.
14433 Quintuplets are five babies born to the same mother at one time.
14434 Quirinal Hill is the northernmost of the famous seven hills of Rome.
14435 Quirinal Palace was the residence of the kings of Italy from 1871 until 1946.
14436 Quirino, Elpidio (1890-1956), was president of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953.
14437
Quirinus was one of the three principal gods in Roman mythology during the early history of Rome.
14438 Quiros, Pedro Fernandez de (1565-1615), a Portuguese navigator, sighted Vanuatu in 1606.
14439
Quisling, Vidkun Abraham Lauritz (1887-1945), was a Norwegian traitor of World War II (1939-1945).
14440 Quit India Movement was one of the last organized attempts made by Indian nationalists to expel the
British from India.
14441 Quito (pop. 1,281,849) is the capital of the Republic of Ecuador.
14442 Quoits is a game in which players toss a metal ring, called a quoit, at a peg, called a mott.
14443 Quokka is a small wallaby with a short tail, small feet, and short ears that barely project above its long
fur.
14444 Quorum is a certain number, or proportion, of members of an organization required by parliamentary law
to be present before the group can transact business.
14445 Quota International is a service organization of executives and professionals who work to help people
with hearing and speech disabilities.
14446 Quran is the sacred book of the Muslims.
14447 Qwaqwa was one of ten homelands (nation states) set up by the South African government under the
former policy of apartheid (enforced racial separation).
14448 R is the 18th letter of the English alphabet.
14449 Rx is a symbol used on prescriptions written by doctors.
14450 Rabat (pop. 518,616) is the capital of Morocco.
14451 Rabaul (pop. 14,937), on New Britain, is the busiest port in Papua New Guinea.
14452 Rabbi is the title given to an ordained Jewish minister.
14453 Rabbit is a furry animal with long ears and a short, fluffy tail.
14454 Rabelais, Francois (1494?-1553?), a French humanist, wrote the comic narrative Gargantua and
Pantagruel.
14455 Rabies is an infectious disease that destroys the nerve cells of part of the brain and almost always
causes death.
14456 Rabin, Yitzhak (1922-1995), served as prime minister of Israel from 1974 to 1977 and from 1992 until his
death in office in 1995 He was shot and killed by a right-wing Jewish extremist while leaving a peace
rally in Tel Aviv on November 4, 1995.
14457 Raccoon is a furry animal that has a bushy, ringed tail and a band of black hair around its eyes.
14458 Raccoon dog is a member of the dog family that has thick fur with markings similar to a raccoon.
14459 Race relations laws protect people from being discriminated against on grounds of race.
14460 Raceme is a type of flower cluster.
14461 Races, Human. All human beings are descended from people who lived hundreds of thousands of years
ago.
14462 Rachel, in the Old Testament of the Bible, was the favourite wife of Jacob.
14463 Rachmaninoff, Sergei Vassilievich (1873-1943), was a Russian composer and director and one of the
greatest pianists in music history.
14464 Racine, Jean (1639-1699), ranks among the greatest French playwrights.
14465 Racing is a contest of speed.
14466 Racism is the belief that human beings can be divided into races and that members of some races are
inferior to members of other races.
14467 Rack was an instrument of torture often used in the Middle Ages.
14468 Rackham, Arthur (1867-1939), an English artist, won wide recognition for his illustrations for children's
books.
14469 Racquetball is a fast, exciting game played mostly in the United States.
14470 Radar is an electronic system used to detect and locate moving or fixed objects.
14471 Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1881-1955), a British anthropologist, helped develop present-day American and
British anthropological theories.
14472 Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (1888-1975), was an Indian philosopher and statesman.
14473 Radian is a metric unit used to measure angles.
14474 Radiata pine is a conifer tree.
14475 Radiation is energy given off in the form of waves or small particles of matter.
14476 Radiation sickness is the term for a variety of symptoms that follow a person's exposure to damaging
amounts of certain types of radiation.
14477 Radiator is a set of pipes or tubes that gives off heat to its surroundings.
14478 Radical, in chemistry, is a group of two or more charged or neutral atoms that have at least one unpaired
electron.
14479 Radicalism is a political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of
society.
14480 Radio is one of our most important means of communication.
14481 Radio, Amateur, is a popular hobby in which an individual operates his or her own radio station.
14482 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a nonprofit corporation made up of two radio networks that
broadcast to countries in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
14483 Radio telescope is an instrument that collects and measures faint radio waves given off by objects in
space.
14484 Radiocarbon, or carbon 14, is a radioactive isotope of carbon.
14485 Radiochemistry is a field of chemistry that involves the study of radioactive elements.
14486 Radiogeology is the science that deals with the relation of radioactivity to geology.
14487 Radiology is the field of medicine that uses X rays and other means of creating images of the body to
diagnose and aid in the treatment of diseases.
14488
Radiosonde is an instrument used by meteorologists to take soundings (measurements) of the upper air.
14489 Radish is a plant grown for its fleshy root.
14490 Radisson, Pierre Esprit (1640?-1710?), was a French explorer and fur trader.
14491 Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra.
14492 Radium Hill was a uranium-mining centre in South Australia, about 100 kilometres southwest of Broken
Hill.
14493 Radnorshire (pop. 23,200) was a local government area in central Powys, Wales.
14494 Radon is a radioactive chemical element that occurs naturally as a gas. The gas is produced by the
radioactive decay (breakdown) of radium, a metallic element found in nearly all soil and rocks.
14495 Raeburn, Sir Henry (1756-1823), was the leading Scottish portrait painter of his day.
14496 Rafferty, Chips (1909-1971), was an Australian film actor.
14497 Rafferty, Tony (1939-...), an Irish-born long-distance runner, set several world records.
14498 Raffia is a fibre made from the leafstalks of certain varieties of palm trees.
14499 Raffles, Sir Stamford (1781-1826), an official of the British East India Company, was the founder of
modern Singapore.
14500
Raffles Bay is located at the eastern end of the Cobourg Peninsula in the Northern Territory, Australia.
14501 Rafflesia is the name of a small genus of plants which have huge flowers but no leaves or stems.
14502 Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, (1934-...), was president of Iran from 1989 to 1997.
14503 Raft is one of the simplest kinds of watercraft.
14504
Rafting is an outdoor recreational activity in which small groups of people float down a river on rafts.
14505 Ragtime is a kind of music that uses strongly syncopated melody and a regularly accented
accompaniment.
14506 Ragweed is the name of several weeds which are common in North America.
14507
Ragwort is the name of many species of plants with flat-topped clusters of small yellow-rayed flowers.
14508 Raikes, Robert (1735-1811), an English publisher, first developed Sunday schools on an extensive
scale.
14509 Rail is the common name of a family of marsh birds that live throughout most of the world.
14510 Railway is one of the most important means of transportation.
14511
Railway, Model, is a small railway that copies the appearance and operation of a full-sized railway.
14512 Rain is a form of precipitation that consists of drops of water.
14513 Rain dance is a ceremony performed by American Indians of the Southwestern United States to ask
spirits to send rain for their crops.
14514 Rain gauge is an instrument used to measure the amount of rain that falls in a certain place during a
specific period of time.
14515 Rain shadow areas occur where mountain ranges bar the path of moist onshore winds.
14516 Rain tree, also called monkeypod tree, is a shade tree that grows in tropical climates.
14517 Rainbow is an arch of brilliant colours that appears in the sky when the sun shines during or shortly after
a shower of rain.
14518 Rainbow Warrior was a vessel owned by Greenpeace, an international environmental organization, for
use in antinuclear protest voyages.
14519
Raine Island is a small coral island on the Great Barrier Reef, off the Queensland coast of Australia.
14520 Rainier III (1923-...) became prince of Monaco in 1949.
14521 Rainmaking, also called cloud seeding, is a process that makes rain fall from a cloud.
14522
Raisa, Rosa (1893-1963), a dramatic soprano, was especially popular for many years with audiences in
Italy and Chicago, U.S.A. Born in Bialystok, Poland, she fled from there at the age of 14.
14523
Raisbeck, Rosina (1916-...), a noted Australian singer, was a principal soprano for the Covent Garden
Opera Company (now Royal Opera) in Covent Garden, London, during the late 1940's and early 1950's.
14524 Raisin is a dried grape.
14525 Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti (1879-1972), was an Indian nationalist leader.
14526 Rajah is a title taken from the Sanskrit word rajan, which means king.
14527 Rajaraja I was probably the greatest ruler of the Chola Empire in southeastern India.
14528 Rajasthan is a state in the northwest of India.
14529 Rake is a machine used to gather mowed hay and place it in long piles called windrows.
14530 Raksha-Bandhan is a Hindu festival that takes place wherever Hindu communities live, especially in
Northern India.
14531 Raleigh, Sir Walter (1552?-1618), is one of the most colourful figures in English history.
14532 Rama is the hero of the Indian epic poem Ramayana (see RAMAYANA).
14533 Ramadan, is an Islamic holy month when Muslims may not eat or drink from morning until night.
14534 Ramakrishna (1836-1886) was an Indian religious leader.
14535 Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata (1888-1970), an Indian physicist, discovered that when a beam of
light passes through a liquid or a gas, it is scattered and the frequency of some of the scattered light is
changed.
14536 Ramanuja (1017?-1137?) was an Indian philosopher and religious teacher of devotional Hinduism.
14537 Ramanujan, Srinivasa (1887-1920), was an Indian mathematician.
14538 Ramaphosa, Cyril (1952-...), a black South African former trade union leader, was secretary general of
the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1996.
14539 Ramapithecus was a kind of ape that lived from about 14 million to 8 million years ago.
14540 Ramayana is one of the two great epic poems of India.
14541 Rambert, Dame Marie (1888-1982), helped develop English ballet.
14542
Rambutan is a tree native to Southeast Asia which bears bright red, or sometimes yellow, edible fruit.
14543 Rameau, Jean-Philippe, (1683-1764), was a French composer and musical theorist of the baroque
period.
14544 Ramie is a perennial plant grown chiefly for its fibre.
14545 Ramlee, P. (1929-1973), was a talented Malaysian singer, actor, scriptwriter, and film director.
14546 Ramos, Fidel Valdez (1928-...), became president of the Philippines in June 1992.
14547
Ramp, or wild leek, is a wild onion that grows in moist woodland areas in the eastern United States.
14548 Rampolla, Mariano Cardinal (1843-1913), Marchese del Tindaro, became a cardinal of the Roman
Catholic Church and papal secretary of state in 1887.
14549 Ramsay, Allan (1713-1784), was a British portrait painter.
14550 Ramsay, Sir Bertram Home (1883-1945), was an admiral in the navy of the United Kingdom (UK).
14551 Ramsay, Sir James (1916-1986), a retired Australian Navy commodore, was governor of Queensland
from 1977 to 1986.
14552 Ramsay, Sir William (1852-1916), was a Scottish chemist who, with Baron Rayleigh, isolated the first
rare atmospheric gas, argon.
14553 Ramsden, Jesse (1735-1800), was a British mathematical-instrument maker and an inventor of optical
instruments.
14554 Ramses II was the Egyptian pharaoh (king) who reigned from about 1290 to 1224 B.C. Ramses came to
the throne at an early age.
14555 Ramsey, Lord (1904-1988), Baron Ramsey of Canterbury, was archbishop of Canterbury and primate of
all England from 1961 to 1974.
14556
Ramsey, Sir Alfred (1922-...), managed the England soccer team that won the World Cup in 1966.
14557 Ramsgate is an English resort on the east coast of the Isle of Thanet in Kent.
14558 Ranching usually means raising cattle and sheep on large farms.
14559 Rand Corporation is a nonprofit research organization that studies various policy problems of the United
States, especially those involving national defence.
14560 Rangefinder is a device for measuring distances.
14561 Rangers are specialized infantry units of the U.S. Army.
14562 Rangoon (pop. 1,315,964; met. area pop. 2,452,881) is the capital and largest city of Burma.
14563 Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), known as the Lion of the Punjab, was one of the most important figures in the
history of India.
14564 Rank, Lord (1888-1972), Joseph Arthur Rank, was a major figure in the British film industry.
14565 Ranke, Leopold von (1795-1886), a German historian, persuaded historians to use critical methods and
examine history objectively.
14566 Rankin, Dame Annabelle (1908-1986), a Liberal Party senator, in 1946 became the first Queensland
woman to enter the Australian federal Parliament.
14567 Rankin, Robert William (1907-1942), was a lieutenant commander of the Royal Australian Navy who was
in command of HMAS Yarra when it was sunk during World War II (1939-1945).
14568 Ransome, Arthur (1884-1967), was a British journalist and author best known for his series of children's
books.
14569
Ranunculus is the scientific name for about 250 species of perennial plants of the buttercup family.
14570 Rao, P. V. Narasimha, (1921-...), was prime minister of India from 1991 to 1996.
14571 Rap music is a form of popular music that is generally spoken or chanted at a fast pace rather than
sung.
14572 Rape was an administrative region in Sussex, England, dating from Saxon times.
14573 Rape is the crime of forcing sexual intercourse upon a person against the individual's will.
14574 Rape is a flowering herb of the mustard family.
14575 Raper, John (1939-...), an Australian Rugby League test player, is rated as one of the greatest Rugby
League players of all time.
14576
Raphael (1483-1520), was one of the greatest and most influential painters of the Italian Renaissance.
14577
Rapid Bay is a town on Gulf St. Vincent, about 97 kilometres south of Adelaide, in South Australia.
14578 Rapid Deployment Force is a United States military force designed to move quickly to protect U.S.
interests anywhere in the world.
14579
Rapparees were Irish marauders in the unsettled southern counties of the country in the late 1600's.
14580 Rare earth is any one of a group of metallic elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71.
14581 Rasp, Charles (1846-1907), discovered silver deposits near Broken Hill, in New South Wales, Australia,
in 1883, while working as a boundary rider.
14582 Raspberry is a thorny bush that produces small, round, tasty fruit.
14583 Rasputin, Grigori Efimovich (1872?-1916), a Siberian peasant, gained the reputation of a saint and
exerted harmful influence on Nicholas II, the last Russian czar, or emperor.
14584 Rasmussen, Knud Johan Victor (1879-1933), was a Danish Arctic explorer and authority on the Inuit, the
indigenous peoples of northern America and the Arctic regions.
14585 Rastafarians are members of Ras Tafari, a religious and political movement that began in the Caribbean
island of Jamaica in the 1920's.
14586 Rat is a furry mammal that looks like a mouse but is larger.
14587 Rata vine grows in New Zealand forests.
14588 Ratana is a Maori religious and political movement in New Zealand.
14589 Ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.
14590 Ratel is a badgerlike animal that lives in Saudi Arabia, India, Nepal, and much of Africa.
14591 Rathbone, Eleanor Florence (1872-1946), was a British social reformer.
14592 Ratio is an ordered pair or set that represents a relationship between numbers or quantities.
14593 Rational number is any number that can be expressed in the form a/b, where a is any integer and b is
any integer except zero.
14594
Rationalism is an outlook that emphasizes human reason and its ability to answer basic questions.
14595 Rationing is a system used by a government to distribute scarce products among the people of a
country.
14596 Ratnagiri (pop. 138,056) is a town on the western coast of India, facing the Arabian Sea.
14597 Rats of Tobruk were the Allied soldiers of World War II (1939-1945) who withstood a siege of eight
months during the 1941 North Africa campaign.
14598 Rattan is a tough, stringy material.
14599 Rattigan, Sir Terence (1911-1977), was a popular British dramatist.
14600 Rattle is an instrument consisting of loosely connected objects arranged so that they collide with each
other and make a noise when the instrument is shaken.
14601 Rattle, Sir Simon (1955-...), an outstanding English conductor, became principal conductor of the City of
Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) in 1980.
14602 Rattlesnake is any one of the poisonous snakes of the Western Hemisphere with a rattle on the end of
the tail.
14603
Rattner, Abraham (1895-1978), was an American painter who is best known for his religious works.
14604 Rauschenberg, Robert (1925-...), is an American artist famous for experimenting with a variety of
materials, techniques, media, and styles.
14605 Ravel, Maurice (1875-1937), was a French composer.
14606 Raven is a large all-black bird of the crow family.
14607 Ravenna (pop. 135,844) is a city in northern Italy, famous for its art treasures and architecture.
14608 Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan (1896-1953), was an American novelist who wrote about the conflict between
people and nature in the Florida backwoods.
14609 Rawlinson, Sir Henry (1810-1895), was a British diplomat and an expert on ancient Assyria.
14610 Rawsthorne, Alan (1905-1971), a leading British composer, became known for the atonal (keyless)
quality of his music.
14611 Ray is any member of a group of about 350 species of fishes.
14612 Ray, John (1627-1705), a British naturalist, is regarded as the founder of systematic zoology.
14613 Ray, Satyajit (1921-1992), was one of India's leading film directors.
14614 Rayon is a manufactured fibre produced from wood or cotton.
14615 Raziyah, Sultana (?-1240), an Indian ruler, reigned from 1236 to 1240.
14616 Razor is a cutting instrument used to remove hair from the skin.
14617 RDX is a powerful explosive also known as cyclonite and hexogen.
14618 Re, also spelled Ra, was the sun god in Egyptian mythology.
14619 Read, Gabriel (1824-1894), a Tasmanian prospector, discovered gold in the Tuapeka district, near
Dunedin, in the South Island of New Zealand on May 23, 1861.
14620 Read, Sir Herbert (1893-1968), was a British scholar, poet, and critic.
14621 Reade, Charles (1814-1884), was an English novelist and playwright.
14622 Reading (pop. 213,474) is a town in Berkshire, southern England.
14623 Reading is the act of getting meaning from printed or written words.
14624 Reading, Marquess of (1860-1935), Rufus Daniel Isaacs, was British viceroy of India from 1921 until
1926.
14625 Reagan, John Henninger (1818-1905), an American statesman, worked for government regulation of
railways.
14626 Reagan, Ronald Wilson (1911-...), was president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
14627 Realism, in the arts, is the attempt to portray life as it is.
14628 Reaper is a machine that farmers once used to harvest grain.
14629
Reason usually has three different meanings. (1) It can signify the mind, or an agency used in thinking.
14630 Rebecca riots took place in Wales.
14631 Rebus is a word game in which the placement or size of letters, numbers, or words indicates names,
phrases, or other words.
14632 Receipt is a written statement showing that one person has paid money to another.
14633 Recession is a decline in overall business activity.
14634 Recife (pop. 1,184,215; met. area pop. 2,348,362), in northeastern Brazil, is the capital of the state of
Pernambuco.
14635
Reconstruction was a period in United States history that followed the American Civil War (1861-1865).
14636 Record player is a device that reproduces sounds that have been recorded on audio records.
14637
Recorder, in English law, generally refers to a part-time judge of the crown court in England and Wales.
14638 Recorder is a type of flute that has a whistle mouthpiece.
14639 Recording industry is the group of businesses involved in the production and sale of records, cassette
tapes, and compact discs (CD's).
14640 Recreation is any activity that people voluntarily pursue for personal enjoyment, relaxation, or personal
satisfaction, usually during their leisure, or spare time.
14641 Recreational vehicle (RV) provides temporary living quarters for people who are camping or travelling on
holiday.
14642 Rectangle is a four-sided plane figure with four right angles.
14643 Recycling is a process designed to collect, process, remanufacture, and reuse materials instead of
throwing them away.
14644 Red Cross is an organization that works to relieve human suffering.
14645 Red deer is a large but graceful member of the deer family.
14646 Red River Rebellion, also called the First Riel Rebellion, occurred when the settlers in the Red River
Valley of Manitoba, Canada, revolted against the Canadian government in 1869-1870.
14647 Red Sea is a long, narrow arm of the Indian Ocean that separates the Arabian Peninsula from
northeastern Africa.
14648 Red shift is a shift in the wavelength of light emitted by a cosmic object toward the longer (red)
wavelengths of the object's spectrum.
14649 Red tape is an unfavourable term used to describe the inefficiency of any large bureaucracy, public or
private.
14650 Red tide is a term used for brownish or reddish areas of ocean, river, or lake water.
14651 Red-winged blackbird is the name of one of several species of New World blackbirds.
14652 Redback spider is a dangerous spider that is common in Australia.
14653 Redbridge (pop. 220,600) is a borough within Greater London, England.
14654
Redditch (pop. 76,900) is a new town and local government district in Hereford and Worcester, England.
14655 Redfern, William (1778-1833), worked to gain full rights for emancipists (pardoned convicts) during the
early days of settlement in New South Wales, Australia.
14656 Redford, Robert (1937-...), is an American film actor and director.
14657 Redgrave is the surname of three distinguished British actors--Sir Michael Redgrave and his daughters
Vanessa and Lynn.
14658 Redgrave, Steven (1962-...), is a British oarsman.
14659 Redmond, John Edward (1851-1918), an Irish leader, succeeded Charles Stewart Parnell as the political
champion of Irish Home Rule.
14660 Redpoll is a small bird related to the finches.
14661 Redshank is a wading bird of Europe and northern Asia.
14662 Redstart is a woodland bird of Europe and North Africa.
14663 Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons.
14664 Redwood is a forest tree that grows along the West Coast of the United States from central California to
southern Oregon.
14665 Reece, Eric (1909-...) was premier of Tasmania from 1958 to 1969, and again from 1972 to 1975.
14666 Reed is a common name for four kinds of tall, slender grass plants.
14667 Reed is a family that became prominent in publishing in both New Zealand and Australia.
14668
Reed, Sir Carol (1906-1976), directed many fine films, including The Stars Look Down (1939), Odd Man
Out (1947), The Fallen Idol (1948), The Third Man (1949), and Our Man in Havana (1960).
14669 Reed, Walter (1851-1902), a medical officer in the United States Army, helped show how to control
typhoid fever and yellow fever.
14670 Rees, Dai (1913-1983), a Welsh former golf champion and Ryder Cup team captain, won most of the
major golfing events.
14671 Rees, Lloyd (1895-1988), an Australian artist, became known for his landscapes.
14672 Reeve was the holder of one of two different official positions in medieval English society.
14673 Reeves, Sir Paul (1932-...), was governor general of New Zealand from 1985 to 1990.
14674 Reeves, William Pember (1857-1932), was a politician, historian, and poet, who is noted as New
Zealand's first minister of labour.
14675 Referendum is a vote of the people on a question.
14676
Reflection is the return of a wave of energy, such as light, heat, sound, or radio, after it strikes a surface.
14677 Reflex action is an automatic or involuntary movement provoked by a sensory stimulus, such as a
pinprick on the skin.
14678 Reformation was a religious movement of the 1500's that led to Protestantism.
14679 Reformatory is a correctional institution for lawbreakers over the age of 18 who do not need maximum
security.
14680 Refraction is the change in the direction in which waves travel when they pass from one kind of matter
into another.
14681 Refractory is any nonmetallic material or object that can withstand high temperatures without becoming
soft.
14682 Refrigeration is the process of producing low temperatures.
14683 Refugee is a person who is forced to flee his or her country of origin and seek safety elsewhere.
14684 Regelation is the process in which ice melts under pressure and refreezes as soon as the pressure is
taken away.
14685 Regeneration, in plants and animals, is the capacity to replace lost or damaged parts by growing new
ones.
14686 Regent is a person who rules a country when the rightful ruler cannot, either because he or she is too
young, out of the country, or ill.
14687 Reger, Max (1873-1916), was a German composer and organist.
14688 Reggae is a type of popular music that developed in Jamaica in the 1960's.
14689 Regiment is a military organization responsible for housing and organizing a group of soldiers and their
equipment.
14690 Region is a geographical area identified by some characteristic such as scenery or the nature of its
economy.
14691 Register office, in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries, is where parish records of births,
marriages, and deaths are kept.
14692 Regression is a characteristic sign of certain mental illnesses.
14693 Regulus, Marcus Atilius (?-249? B.C.), was a Roman general who became a national hero.
14694 Rehan, Ada (1860-1916), an American actress, was famous for her portrayal of Katherine in William
Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew.
14695 Reibey is the name of a family that took an active part in business and politics in Australia.
14696 Reich is a German word meaning empire or state.
14697 Reichstein, Tadeus (1897-1996), a Swiss chemist, shared the 1950 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine for his research on hormones of the outer cover, or cortex, of the adrenal glands.
14698 Reichswehr is the German term for army of the state.
14699 Reid, Sir George (1845-1918), was premier of New South Wales, Australia, from 1894 to 1899 and
prime minister of Australia in 1904 and 1905.
14700 Reigate and Banstead (pop. 114,900) is a local government district in Surrey, England.
14701 Reims (pop. 185,164; met. area pop. 206,362) is a fortified city of northern France.
14702 Reincarnation is the belief that the soul survives after death and is reborn in the body of another person
or some other living thing.
14703 Reindeer is a kind of large deer that lives in the northernmost regions of Europe and Asia.
14704 Reindeer moss is a type of lichen that grows in the arctic regions and sometimes farther south.
14705
Reiner, Fritz (1888-1963), was one of the great symphony orchestra and operatic conductors of his time.
14706 Reinhardt, Max (1873-1943), was an Austrian theatrical producer and director.
14707 Reith, Lord (1889-1971), John Charles Walsham Reith, was the first director-general of the British
Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), from 1927 to 1938.
14708 Relapsing fever is an infectious disease that occurs chiefly in the tropics, often as an epidemic.
14709 Relativity. Einstein's theory of relativity has caught the imagination of the average person more than any
other physical theory in history.
14710 Relief, in art, is sculpture in which the figures or designs project from their background.
14711 Religion. No simple definition can describe the numerous religions in the world.
14712 Religious life is a term for the way of life that some people choose for becoming as holy as possible and
for being of the greatest possible service to others.
14713 Remarkables are a range of mountains located near the southern end of Lake Wakatipu, in the South
Island of New Zealand.
14714 Remarque, Erich Maria (1898-1970), a German-American author, wrote realistic, suspenseful novels
about the horrors and effects of war.
14715 Rembrandt (1606-1669) was the Netherlands' greatest artist.
14716 Remembrance Day is observed in many Commonwealth countries to honour the memory of all the men
and women who died in World Wars I and II and in other conflicts since then.
14717 Remington, Frederic (1861-1909), was an American artist best known for his action-filled paintings,
drawings, and sculptures of cowboys and Indians.
14718
Remora is a fish with a sucker at the top of its head that it uses to attach itself to larger marine animals.
14719 Remote control is the control of a system from a distance.
14720
Remote sensing is a technique used to gather information about an object without actually touching it.
14721 Remsen, Ira (1846-1927), an American chemist, did much to promote the rapid development of science
in the United States.
14722 Renaissance was a great cultural movement that began in Italy during the early 1300's.
14723 Renan, Ernest (1823-1892), was a French historian and religious scholar.
14724 Rene, Roy (1892-1954), was a leading Australian comedian from 1914 until his death.
14725 Renfrew (pop. 193,622) was a local government area in Strathclyde Region, Scotland that included the
manufacturing towns of Barrhead, Johnstone, Paisley, and Renfrew.
14726 Renmark (pop. 7,545), is a town in South Australia near the border with Victoria.
14727
Rennie, John (1761-1821), a Scottish engineer and architect, constructed canals, docks, and bridges.
14728 Reno (pop. 133,850; met. area pop. 254,667) is a major tourist centre and the second largest city in
Nevada, United States.
14729 Reno, Janet (1938-...), became the first woman to serve as attorney general of the United States.
14730 Renoir, Jean (1894-1979), was a French film director.
14731 Renoir, Pierre Auguste (1841-1919), a French impressionist painter, is famous for his pictures of young
girls and children, and intimate portraits of French middle-class life.
14732 Rent commonly refers to a payment for the use of something, such as a house.
14733 Repeal means wiping out a law already on the books.
14734 Repetitive strain injury is any of a group of painful medical disorders caused by performing a similar
activity over and over again.
14735 Repplier, Agnes (1855-1950), an American writer, was best known for her skilfully written essays.
14736 Reprieve is the temporary suspension of a sentence passed on a criminal.
14737 Reproduction is the process by which living things create more of their own kind.
14738 Reproduction, Human, is the process by which human beings create more of their own kind.
14739 Reptile is an animal that has dry, scaly skin and breathes by means of lungs.
14740 Repton, Humphrey (1752-1818), was an English landscape gardener.
14741 Republic is any form of government whose leader or leaders are elected, usually for a specific term of
office.
14742 Republican Party is one of the two principal political parties of the United States.
14743 Research is the systematic investigation of a particular subject.
14744 Reserpine is a drug used to treat mild hypertension (high blood pressure).
14745 Reservoir is a place where large quantities of water are stored to be used for irrigation, power, water
supply, and recreation.
14746 Resin is any one of a class of natural substances used in varnishes, medicines, soaps, paints, and other
applications.
14747 Resin, Synthetic, is any one of a large group of chemical compounds that includes most of our common
plastics.
14748
Respighi, Ottorino (1879-1936), was one of the most successful Italian composers of the early 1900's.
14749 Respiration is the process by which human beings and other living things obtain and use oxygen.
14750 Respiratory distress syndrome is a lung condition that affects premature babies.
14751 Responsible government was established in the colonies of Australia and New Zealand when they
gained the right to govern themselves without interference from the British government.
14752 Restaurant is a business establishment that serves food and beverages to the public.
14753 Restoration was the period in English history that followed the return of the House of Stuart to the
throne.
14754 Restormel (pop. 88,300) is a local government district in the English county of Cornwall.
14755 Resurrection is a religious belief that a dead person will return to life through the power of God.
14756 Resurrection plant is the name of several different plants that can be dried, but turn green again when
they are watered.
14757 Reszke is the family name of two brothers who became famous opera singers.
14758 Retailing consists of all the activities that result in the offering for sale of merchandise or services to
consumers for their own use.
14759 Retainer is a formal agreement between a lawyer and a client in which the lawyer agrees to take the
client's case.
14760 Retief, Piet (1780-1838), was a South African Boer leader.
14761 Retriever is a hunting dog trained to retrieve (find and bring back) game that has been shot.
14762 Returned Services League of Australia, popularly known as the R.S.L., is an organization primarily
concerned with the welfare of its members and other former servicemen and servicewomen and their
dependents.
14763 Reunion is an island in the Indian Ocean, about 640 kilometres east of Madagascar.
14764 Reuter, Baron de (1816-1899), founded Reuters, one of the world's leading news services.
14765 Reuters is one of the world's largest news-gathering agencies.
14766 Revelation, Book of, is the last book of the New Testament of the Bible.
14767 Revere, Paul (1735-1818), was an American patriot who, in April 1775, carried news to the people of
Lexington, Massachusetts, of the approach of the British.
14768 Revivalism is an approach to religion that emphasizes individual religious experience rather than
doctrines.
14769 Revolution is a term that generally refers to a fundamental change in the character of a nation's
government.
14770 Revolution of 1848 involved a series of uprisings in France, Germany, and the Austrian Empire,
including parts of Italy.
14771 Rexroth, Kenneth (1905-1982), was an American poet.
14772 Rey, Jean (1902-1983), a Belgian statesman, served as chief administrator of the European Community
(now the European Union) from 1967 until 1970 (see EUROPEAN UNION).
14773 Reye's syndrome is a rare childhood disease of the liver and central nervous system.
14774 Reykjavik (pop. 99,623; met. area pop. 145,098) is the capital and largest city of Iceland.
14775 Reynolds, Albert (1932-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, was taoiseach (prime minister) of the Republic
of Ireland from 1992 to 1994.
14776 Reynolds, Sir Joshua (1723-1792), was a great English portrait painter.
14777 Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878-1944) ruled Persia, which he renamed Iran, from 1925 to 1941.
14778 Rh factor is a substance in the red blood cells of most people.
14779 Rhea is a large South American bird that cannot fly.
14780 Rhea, in Greek mythology, was the wife and sister of Cronus, ruler of the race of gods and goddesses
called Titans.
14781 Rhee, Syngman (1875-1965), a Korean statesman, became the first president of the Republic of Korea
in 1948.
14782 Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re.
14783 Rheostat is a device that increases or decreases the amount of resistance in an electric circuit.
14784 Rhesus monkey is a monkey noted for its usefulness in medical and behavioural research.
14785 Rheumatic fever, is a disease that occurs primarily in children from 5 to 15 years old.
14786 Rheumatism is a general term for disorders involving stiffness or pain in the muscles or joints.
14787 Rheumatology is the study of diseases affecting the body's joints and their associated tissues, including
the bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, and ligaments.
14788 Rhine River is the most important inland waterway in Europe.
14789 Rhineland is a historic area in what is now Germany.
14790 Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the nose.
14791 Rhinoceros is a huge animal that ranks as one of the largest land creatures.
14792 Rhizome is a horizontal stem that grows at or just below the soil surface.
14793 Rhode Island (pop. 1,005,984) is the smallest state in the United States.
14794 Rhodes is one of the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea.
14795 Rhodes, Cecil John (1853-1902), was a British businessman and statesman.
14796 Rhodes, James Ford (1848-1927), an American historian, received a Pulitzer Prize in 1918 for A History
of the Civil War, 1861-1865. He also wrote a nine-volume A History of the United States from the
Compromise of 1850. Many critics felt it did not d
14797 Rhodes Scholarship is an award that enables students from many countries to study at Oxford University
in England.
14798
Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of, was a federated territory in central Africa from 1953 to 1963.
14799 Rhodesian ridgeback is a medium-sized hound that originated in southern Africa.
14800 Rhodium is a rare, silver-white, metallic element that serves mainly as a catalyst, a substance that
increases the speed of a chemical reaction.
14801 Rhododendron is the name of a group of trees and shrubs, many of which are known for the beauty of
their flowers and for their evergreen leaves.
14802 Rhomboid is a plane figure with two parallel sides of equal length, and the other two sides a different, but
also equal, length.
14803
Rhombus is the name given to a plane figure with two pairs of straight, parallel sides, all of equal length.
14804
Rhondda (pop. 76,300) is a local government area and coal-mining centre in Mid Glamorgan, Wales.
14805 Rhone River is an important commercial waterway of France.
14806 Rhubarb is one of the few perennial vegetables.
14807 Rhuddlan (pop. 54,000) is a local government area in Clwyd, Wales.
14808 Rhyme means echoing or repeating sounds at the end of words.
14809 Rhyming slang is a form of code language.
14810 Rhymney Valley (pop. 101,400) is a local government area, in Mid Glamorgan, Wales.
14811 Rhys, Jean (1894-1979), a Dominican-born author, wrote novels, short stories, and poetry.
14812 Rhythm is the regular repetition of a beat, accent, or rise and fall in dance, music, and language.
14813 Rhythm band describes a group of performers playing percussion instruments (instruments that produce
musical tones when struck).
14814 Rial is the basic monetary unit of Iran, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen.
14815 Rib is any one of the 24 bones that enclose the chest in the human body.
14816 Ribaut, Jean (1520?-1565), a French colonizer, led an expedition to America in 1562 to found a
Huguenot colony.
14817 Ribbentrop, Joachim von (1893-1946), was Adolf Hitler's top diplomatic agent.
14818 Ribble Valley (pop. 51,000), a borough and local government district in Lancashire, England, occupies
part of the course of the River Ribble.
14819 Ribbon worm is any of a group of worms with a long slender proboscis (snout).
14820 Ribera, Jusepe de (1588-1652), was a Spanish painter.
14821 Ricardo, David (1772-1823), was the leading British economist of the early 1800's.
14822 Rice is one of the world's most important food crops.
14823 Rice, Edmund Ignatius (1762-1844), an Irish philanthropist and religious leader, was a pioneer of
primary school education in Ireland.
14824 Rice, Elmer (1892-1967), was an American dramatist who championed moral, social, and personal
freedom.
14825 Rice, Tim (1944-...), a British writer and broadcaster, won fame for his collaboration with Andrew Lloyd
Webber on the musicals Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat (1968), Jesus Christ,
Superstar (1970), and Evita! (1976).
14826 Richard was the name of three English kings who ruled between 1189 and 1485.
14827 Richards, Frank (1875-1961), was the pen name of Charles Hamilton, the English author of the "Billy
Bunter" stories.
14828 Richards, Sir Gordon (1904-1986), was the first British jockey to be knighted.
14829
Richards, I. A. (1893-1979), a British critic, published The Meaning of Meaning (1923) with C. K. Ogden.
14830 Richards, Viv (1952-...), is one of the greatest, most exciting, and highest-scoring batsmen in the history
of cricket.
14831 Richards Bay (pop. 23,328) is a town in Kwazulu-Natal on the northeastern coast of South Africa.
14832 Richardson, Sir Albert (1880-1964), became known as a traditional British architect and writer on
architecture.
14833 Richardson, Henry Handel (1870-1946), was the pen name of Ethel Florence Richardson Robertson,
one of the most outstanding Australian novelists.
14834
Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838-1886), was the first American architect to achieve international fame.
14835 Richardson, Mervyn Victor (1896-1972), a self-taught engineer, established the Australian company
Victa Motor Mower Company (now Victa Limited) in 1953 at the age of 57.
14836 Richardson, Sir Owen W. (1879-1959), won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1928 for his studies of
thermionic emission.
14837 Richardson, Sir Ralph (1902-1983), won international fame for his performances in a wide range of
stage and film roles.
14838 Richardson, Samuel (1689-1761), an English writer, is considered one of the founding fathers of the
novel.
14839 Richardson, Victor York (1894-1969), was one of Australia's most versatile sportsmen.
14840 Richelieu, Cardinal (1585-1642), was one of the ablest of French statesmen.
14841 Richelieu River is a Canadian stream that flows through some of Quebec's most beautiful valleys.
14842 Richler, Mordecai (1931-...), is a Canadian novelist.
14843 Richmond is an Australian town on the Coal River in southern Tasmania.
14844 Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A. (pop. 203,056; met. area pop. 865,640), is the state capital and a major
commercial, cultural, educational, and historical centre.
14845 Richmond, James Crowe (1822-1898), was a New Zealand politician and painter.
14846 Richmond upon Thames (pop. 154,600) is a borough within the Greater London area, England.
14847 Richmondshire (pop. 43,800) is a local government district in North Yorkshire, England.
14848 Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich (1763-1825), was an outstanding humorous writer of the German
Romantic movement.
14849 Richter magnitude is a number that indicates the strength of an earthquake.
14850 Richthofen, Baron (1833-1905), Ferdinand von Richthofen, a German geologist and geographer, was a
pioneer in the study of geomorphology (land forms).
14851
Rickenbacker, Eddie (1890-1973), was the leading United States air ace in World War I (1914-1918).
14852 Rickets is a bone disease that occurs mostly in children.
14853
Rickettsia is any of a group of microorganisms that cause certain infectious diseases in human beings.
14854 Rickover, Hyman George (1900-1986), an American naval officer, pioneered in developing the Nautilus,
the first nuclear-powered submarine.
14855 Riddell, Elizabeth (1910-...), a New Zealand poet and journalist, worked in Australia, Britain, the United
States, and Europe as a feature writer and war correspondent.
14856 Riddle is a question or statement that contains a deliberately hidden meaning.
14857 Rideal, Sir Eric Keightley (1890-1974), a British chemist, carried out research into surface chemistry,
colloids, and the properties and effects of catalysts.
14858 Ridgeway is a prehistoric track that runs through five counties of southern England, including Wiltshire
and Berkshire.
14859 Ridley, John (1806-1887), was the inventor of a reaping machine that reduced harvesting costs and
revolutionized the Australian wheat industry.
14860 Ridley, Nicholas (1500?-1555), an English bishop, was a martyr of the Protestant Reformation.
14861
Riemenschneider, Tilman (1460?-1531), was one of the best-known sculptors of his day in Germany.
14862 Rienzi, Cola di (1313?-1354), was a famous Italian patriot.
14863 Rifkind, Malcolm (1946-...), a Conservative politician, became the United Kingdom's foreign secretary in
1995.
14864 Rifle is a gun that is held against the shoulder when firing.
14865 Rifleman is the name of a wren found throughout New Zealand.
14866 Riga (pop. 875,000) is the capital and largest city of Latvia.
14867 Rigel is a blue-white star in the southwest corner of the constellation Orion.
14868 Right of search. Under international law, a nation at war has the right to visit and search merchant ships
of neutral nations.
14869 Right of way is the term used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom for a right of passage
over private land or along a river.
14870 Right wing refers to a conservative, traditional group or political party.
14871 Rights of Man, Declaration of the, is a French document that sets forth the principles of human liberty
and the rights of individuals.
14872 Riis, Jacob August (1849-1914), was an American journalist, photographer, and social reformer.
14873 Riley, James Whitcomb (1849-1916), an American, won fame as the Hoosier Poet.
14874 Rilke, Rainer Maria (1875-1926), was an important lyric poet in German literature and a major
representative of the symbolism movement.
14875 Rimbaud, Arthur (1854-1891), was a French poet.
14876 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai (1844-1908), was a celebrated Russian composer and teacher.
14877 Rimu is the name of several species of tall New Zealand trees.
14878 Rimutakas are a range of mountains in the North Island of New Zealand.
14879 Rinderpest, also called cattle plague, is a highly contagious, acute disease of cattle and other members
of the ox family.
14880 Ring is a circular band made of metal or other material worn as jewellery.
14881 Ring, Christy (1921-1979), was one of Ireland's greatest hurlers.
14882 Ringette is a team sport for girls and young women that is similar to ice hockey.
14883 Ringling brothers were five brothers who founded the most famous circus in American entertainment
history.
14884 Ringtail is a slender, quick-moving member of the raccoon family.
14885
Ringworm is a general name for several kinds of skin diseases that are caused by tiny plants, or fungi.
14886 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (pop. 5,093,232; met. area pop. 9,018,637), is the second largest city of South
America.
14887 Rio de la Plata is an estuary, or funnel-shaped bay, formed by the Parana and the Uruguay rivers on the
southeastern coast of South America.
14888 Rio Grande, one of the longest rivers in North America, flows for 3,034 kilometres through the
Southwestern United States.
14889 Rio Tinto Zinc (RTZ Corporation plc) is one of the United Kingdom's largest companies.
14890 Riot is a noisy, violent outbreak of disorder by a group of people.
14891 Rip Van Winkle is one of the most popular characters in American literature.
14892 Riparian rights are the legal rights of a landowner whose property borders or forms the bed of a stream
or river.
14893 Ripley, Robert LeRoy (1893-1949), was an American cartoonist who became internationally famous for
his cartoon panel "Believe It or Not." The panel describes oddities and strange facts and occurrences
from around the world.
14894 Rippon, Geoffrey (1924-1997), a British Conservative politician, was chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster from 1970 to 1972.
14895 Risdon is a cove on the eastern shore of the Derwent River in Tasmania.
14896 Rite of passage is a ceremony held by nearly all societies to observe a person's entry into a new stage
of life.
14897 Ritschl, Albrecht (1822-1889), was a German theologian who influenced many liberal European, British,
and American preachers and teachers.
14898 Rittenhouse, David (1732-1796), of Philadelphia, in the United States, was a leading astronomer,
mathematician, and clockmaker.
14899 Ritter, Joseph Cardinal (1892-1967), archbishop of St. Louis, U.S.A., became a cardinal of the Roman
Catholic Church in January 1961.
14900 Ritty, James (1836-1918), an American restaurant owner, invented the cash register.
14901 River is a large body of water that flows over land in a long channel.
14902 River dolphin is a type of dolphin that lives in fresh or slightly salty water.
14903 Rivera, Diego (1886-1957), was a Mexican artist who was famous for the murals he painted that
portrayed Mexican life and history.
14904 Riverina is one of the most fertile regions in New South Wales, Australia.
14905 Rivers, Larry (1923-...), is an American painter.
14906 Riveting is a method of joining two metal plates with threadless aluminium, iron, or steel bolts called
rivets.
14907 Riviera is a narrow strip of land on the Mediterranean.
14908 Riyadh (pop. 1,380,000) is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.
14909 Rizal, Jose (1861-1896), a Filipino doctor and novelist, became a national hero of the Philippines.
14910 Roach is a fish of the carp and minnow family that lives in fresh waters of Europe.
14911 Road is a strip of land that provides routes for travel by cars and other wheeled vehicles.
14912 Roadrunner is a swift, ground-dwelling bird found in the scrublands of the Southwestern United States
and Mexico.
14913 Roaring Twenties was the colourful decade of the 1920's.
14914 Rob Roy (1671-1734) was a Scottish outlaw whose real name was Robert MacGregor.
14915 Robbe-Grillet, Alain (1922-...), French writer, literary critic, and film director, laid the groundwork for the
New Novelists in French literature.
14916 Robben Island lies in Table Bay, off the coast of Western Cape, South Africa.
14917 Robbery means stealing money or goods from a person by force or threats of immediate force.
14918 Robbins, Frederick Chapman (1916-...), an American, shared the 1954 Nobel prize for physiology or
medicine with John Enders and Thomas Weller.
14919 Robbins, Jerome (1918-...), is an American dancer and choreographer (dance composer).
14920 Robe (pop. 1,185), is a small holiday resort on Guichen Bay in South Australia, about 350 kilometres
southeast of Adelaide.
14921 Robens, Lord (1910-...), Alfred Robens, a trade union leader, was chairman of the National Coal Board
from 1961 until 1971.
14922 Roberts, Frederick Sleigh (1832-1914), Earl Roberts of Kandahar, Pretoria, and Waterford, was a
famous British general.
14923 Roberts, Kenneth Lewis (1885-1957), was an American novelist and essayist, who was noted for his
series of historical novels.
14924 Roberts, Oral (1918-...), is an American missionary and revivalist whose preaching made him known in
many parts of the world.
14925 Roberts, Samuel (1800-1885), was a Welsh radical reformer.
14926 Roberts, Tom (1856-1931), an Australian landscape painter, founded Australian impressionism.
14927 Robertson, Sir Dennis (1890-1963), an English economist, played an important part in organizing the
Bretton Woods Conference.
14928 Roberval, Sieur de (1500?-1560?), was one of the first French explorers and colonists in Canada.
14929 Robeson, Paul (1898-1976), was a black American singer, actor, and political activist.
14930 Robespierre (1758-1794) was the most famous and controversial leader of the French Revolution (1789-
1799).
14931 Robey, Sir George (1869-1954), was one of the greatest English music hall stars.
14932 Robin is the name of a small, European, thrushlike bird with a red breast.
14933 Robin Hood was a legendary English outlaw who stole from the rich and gave to the poor.
14934 Robinson, Boardman (1876-1952), was an American artist, mural painter, and illustrator.
14935 Robinson, Edwin Arlington (1869-1935), an American poet, became best known for short poems in
which he presents character studies.
14936 Robinson, George Augustus (1788-1866), a Methodist lay preacher and former bricklayer, tried in vain to
save the last of the tribal Tasmanian Aborigines.
14937 Robinson, Joan Violet (1903-1983), was an English economist whose theories have significantly
influenced economic thought.
14938 Robinson, Lennox (1886-1958), was an Irish dramatist and author.
14939 Robinson, Mary (1944-...), became the first woman president of the Republic of Ireland in 1990.
14940 Robinson, Ray (1926-...), was prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1986 until 1991.
14941 Robinson, Sir Robert (1886-1975), an English organic chemist, received the 1947 Nobel Prize for
chemistry.
14942 Robinson, Sugar Ray (1921-1989), won fame as one of the greatest boxers in history.
14943 Robinson, William Heath (1872-1944), was an English artist, cartoonist, and illustrator.
14944 Robinson Crusoe is an imaginary story about a merchant-adventurer who is marooned on a desert
island.
14945 Robot is a mechanical device that operates automatically.
14946 Robson, Dame Flora (1902-1984), was an English dramatic actress.
14947 Roc was a mythical bird of enormous size, known from the stories in the Arabian Nights.
14948 Rocha, Glauber (1938-1981), a Brazilian film director, was noted for inventive films about Brazilian
culture and society.
14949 Rochambeau, Comte de (1725-1807), a French general, went to America in 1780 with French troops to
serve under General George Washington in the American Revolution.
14950
Rochdale is a local government area in Greater Manchester, England, centred on the town of Rochdale.
14951 Roche, Stephen (1959-...), an Irish cyclist, won the Tour de France race in 1987.
14952 Rochester, Earl of (1647-1680), was a poet of the Restoration period in England noted for his love
poems and biting satires.
14953
Rochester upon Medway is a historic cathedral city located on the River Medway in Kent, England.
14954 Rochford (pop. 74,000) is a local government area in the English county of Essex.
14955 Rock is the hard, solid part of the earth.
14956 Rock music is one of the world's most popular and adaptable musical forms.
14957 Rockall is a small island in the North Atlantic.
14958
Rockefeller is one of the most famous names in American business, finance, and philanthropy (charity).
14959
Rocket is a type of engine that can produce more power for its size than any other kind of engine.
14960 Rocket was the first steam locomotive built along the lines of modern engines.
14961 Rocket, Model, is a miniature rocket patterned after military or space rockets.
14962 Rockhampton (pop. 59,418), situated on the Tropic of Capricorn in Australia, is the chief commercial and
government centre of central Queensland.
14963 Rockingham, Marquess of (1730-1782), a Whig nobleman, was twice prime minister of Britain.
14964 Rocks is a historic area of Sydney, Australia, that has become an important tourist attraction.
14965 Rockwell, Norman (1894-1978), was an American illustrator.
14966 Rocky Mountain goat of North America looks like a goat, but it is not a true goat.
14967 Rocky Mountains are the largest mountain system in North America.
14968 Rococo is a style of art that flourished in western Europe from about 1700 to 1780.
14969 Rod is a unit of measure in the English system.
14970 Rodent is an animal with front teeth especially suited to gnawing hard objects.
14971 Rodeo is a sport that combines the skills of cowboys and cowgirls with the colour and spirit of the
American Old West.
14972 Rodgers, Richard (1902-1979), was a composer for the American musical theatre.
14973 Rodgers, William (1928-...), a United Kingdom politician, became one of the founders of the Social
Democratic Party in 1981.
14974 Rodin, Auguste (1840-1917), is ranked by many as the greatest sculptor of the 1800's.
14975 Rodney, Baron (1719-1792), George Brydges Rodney, won fame for his naval battles.
14976 Rodo, Jose Enrique (1872?-1917), was a Uruguayan thinker and essayist.
14977 Rodzinski, Artur (1894-1958), was an American orchestra conductor.
14978
Roe, Sir Alliott Verdon- (1877-1958), was the first Englishman to design, build, and fly an aeroplane.
14979 Roe, J. S. (1797-1878), an explorer and surveyor, was surveyor general of Western Australia from 1828
to 1871.
14980 Roebling, John Augustus (1806-1869), was an American civil engineer who was a pioneer in designing
suspension bridges.
14981 Roebling, Washington Augustus (1837-1926), became chief engineer on the Brooklyn Bridge in New
York City, in 1869, succeeding his father, John A. Roebling.
14982 Roebuck was a ship of about 305 metric tons in which the British explorer William Dampier explored the
western coast of Australia in 1699.
14983 Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923), a German physicist, won the first Nobel Prize for physics in
1901 for his discovery of X rays.
14984 Rogers, Will (1879-1935), was an American humorist and social critic.
14985 Rogers' Rangers scouted for the British Army during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763).
14986 Roget, Peter Mark (1779-1869), was a British doctor and scholar.
14987 Rogun Dam, in Tajikistan, is the highest dam in the world.
14988
Rojankovsky, Feodor (1891-1970), was a Russian-American artist and illustrator of children's books.
14989 Roland was the greatest of the legendary knights who served the medieval king Charlemagne.
14990 Roland de la Platiere, Marie Jeanne (1754-1793), known as Madame Roland, was a political adviser and
hostess to the Girondist group during the French Revolution.
14991 Rolfe, John (1585-1622), was an early English settler in Jamestown, Virginia.
14992 Rolland, Romain (1866-1944), a French author, won the 1915 Nobel Prize for literature.
14993 Roller is the name of 12 species of brightly coloured birds that live in Africa, Europe, and Asia.
14994 Roller skating is a form of recreation and a sport in which people glide on wheeled boots called roller
skates.
14995 Rolling Stones are a popular English rock band.
14996 Rollright Stones are about 60 stone pillars forming a circle about 30 metres in diameter.
14997 Rolls, Charles Stewart (1877-1910), was a cofounder of the engineering firm of Rolls-Royce.
14998 Rolvaag, Ole Edvart (1876-1931), was a Norwegian-American novelist.
14999
Roma (pop. 6,220), a town in southern Queensland, Australia, is noted for its reserves of natural gas.
15000 Romains, Jules (1885-1972), was the pen name of Louis Farigoule, a French novelist, philosopher, and
dramatist.
15001 Roman Catholic Church is the largest body of Christians in the world.
15002 Roman numerals are symbols that stand for numbers.
15003 Roman Roads. The Romans were the greatest road-builders in ancient times.
15004 Roman walls were barriers that the Romans built where no natural territorial boundaries existed.
15005 Romance is a long work of fiction that is less realistic than a novel.
15006 Romance languages are a group of languages that developed from Latin and are spoken in places that
were once part of the Roman Empire.
15007 Romanesque architecture was the prevailing architectural movement in western Europe from about A.D.
800 to the 1100's.
15008 Romania, also spelled Rumania, is a country in eastern Europe.
15009 Romanov was the name of the family that ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.
15010 Romanov, Grigoriy Vasilyevich (1923-...), was a leading official of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union.
15011 Romans, Epistle to the, the sixth book of the New Testament of the Bible is a letter from the apostle Paul
to the Christians in Rome.
15012 Romanticism is a style in the fine arts and literature.
15013 Romberg, Sigmund (1887-1951), was a famous composer of operettas.
15014 Rome is the capital of Italy and one of the world's great historic cities.
15015 Rome, Ancient. The story of ancient Rome is a tale of how a small community of shepherds in central
Italy grew to become one of the greatest empires in history--and then collapsed.
15016 Rome, University of, is the largest university in Italy.
15017
Romero, Oscar Arnulfo (1917-1980), served as archbishop of El Salvador from 1977 until his death.
15018 Rommel, Erwin (1891-1944), a German field marshal, became one of the most brilliant generals of World
War II (1939-1945).
15019 Romney, George Wilcken (1907-1995), an American politician and businessman, was secretary of
housing and urban development under U.S. President Richard M. Nixon from 1969 to 1973.
15020 Romulo, Carlos Pena (1899-1985), a Filipino diplomat and author, served as Philippine secretary (later
minister) of foreign affairs from 1965 to 1984.
15021 Romulus and Remus, in Roman mythology, were twin brothers who founded the city of Rome.
15022 Rondo is a form of musical composition in which the principal section or theme is repeated at least three
times in the same key.
15023 Ronsard, Pierre de (1524-1585), often called the Prince of Poets, led an influential group of French
poets called the Pleiade.
15024 Roof is the cover of any building.
15025 Rook is the most common European member of the crow family.
15026 Rooke, Sir George (1650-1709), a British admiral, was commander in chief of the fleet that captured
Gibraltar in 1704.
15027 Roosa, Stuart Allen (1933-1994), was an American astronaut.
15028 Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884-1962), the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, became a distinguished
public figure in her own right.
15029 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945), was the only president of the United States who was elected
four times.
15030 Roosevelt, Nicholas J. (1767-1854), was an American inventor and engineer.
15031 Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919), was president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
15032 Root is one of the three main organs of a plant.
15033 Root, in mathematics, is a quantity that yields a given quantity when it is taken as a factor a specified
number of times (see FACTOR).
15034 Root, Elihu (1845-1937), an American statesman, is best remembered for his efforts to assure
international peace.
15035 Root, John Wellborn (1850-1891), was one of the most important American architects of the Chicago
School.
15036 Rope consists of strands of yarn or wire that have been twisted together.
15037 Rosamund (1140?-1176?) was the mistress of Henry II of England.
15038 Rosario (pop. 1,079,359) is the third largest city in Argentina.
15039 Rosary is a string of beads used as an aid to memory and concentration while praying.
15040 Roscius, Quintus (126? B.C.-62? B.C.), a Roman actor, was so famous in his day that his name came
to stand for "great actor." He excelled in both tragic and comic parts.
15041
Roscommon is a county in the province of Connacht in the western part of the Republic of Ireland.
15042 Rose is one of the most beautiful of all flowers.
15043 Rose, Ernestine Potowski (1810-1892), was a leading reformer in the United States during the mid-
1800's.
15044
Rose, Lionel (1948-...), an Australian Aboriginal boxer, became world bantamweight champion in 1968.
15045 Rose, Mauri (1906-1981), an automobile racing driver, won the Memorial Day Indianapolis Speedway
500-mile race in 1947 and 1948.
15046 Rose, Murray (1939-...), an Australian free-style swimmer, won the 400-metre and 1,500-metre events at
the 1956 Olympic Games at Melbourne, when he was 16 years old.
15047 Rose chafer is a beetle about 8 millimetres long.
15048 Rose Hill was a farming settlement established near Sydney, Australia, in 1790.
15049 Rose of Lima, Saint (1586-1617), was the first person born in the Western Hemisphere to be canonized
(declared a saint) by the Roman Catholic Church.
15050 Rose water is a clear, colourless solution made from fresh rose flowers and used in making perfumes
and certain medicines.
15051
Roseau (pop. 11,000) is the capital and largest city of Dominica, an island country in the Caribbean Sea.
15052 Rosebery, Earl of (1847-1929), was Prime Minister of Britain in 1894 and 1895.
15053 Rosefish is an important food fish found from Iceland to the United States and off the northern shores of
Europe, ranging as far north as the Arctic Sea.
15054 Rosella is the name given to several types of Australian parrots.
15055 Rosemary is an evergreen shrub of the mint family noted for the fragrance of its leaves.
15056 Rosenberg, Alfred (1893-1946), was the philosopher of the German Nazi movement.
15057 Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, were American citizens, husband and wife, who were executed for spying
for the Soviet Union during World War II (1939-1945).
15058 Rosenthal, Moriz (1862-1946), a Polish pianist, became noted for the great technical skill, full tone, and
brilliance of his playing.
15059 Rosenwald, Julius (1862-1932), was an American businessman and philanthropist.
15060 Rosetta stone gave the world the key to the long-forgotten language of ancient Egypt.
15061 Rosewall, Ken (1934-...), first played Davis Cup tennis for Australia at the age of 19.
15062 Rosewood is the name of several kinds of wood of the botanical genus Dalbergia.
15063 Rosh Ha-Shanah is the Jewish New Year celebration.
15064 Rosicrucian Order is an international nonsectarian fraternity that studies the higher principles of life, and
claims to possess wisdom handed down from ancient times.
15065 Rosin is resin derived from several varieties of North American and European pine trees.
15066 Ross, Betsy (1752-1836), was an American seamstress who made flags in Philadelphia at the time of
the American Revolution.
15067 Ross, Sir James Clark (1800-1862), was a British polar explorer.
15068
Ross, Sir John (1777-1856), led a British expedition in 1818 to seek a northwest passage to Asia.
15069 Ross, Sir Ronald (1857-1932), a British doctor, won the 1902 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine for
work that led to the discovery of how to combat malaria.
15070 Ross and Cromarty was a local government area in Highland Region, Scotland.
15071 Ross Dependency is a wedge-shaped section of Antarctica that includes Ross Sea, Ross Ice Shelf, and
McMurdo Sound.
15072 Rosse, Earl of (1800-1867), was an Irish astronomer who built a reflecting telescope, at that time the
largest and most powerful in the world.
15073 Rossendale (pop. 64,000) is an English local government district in southeast Lancashire, on the
western edge of the Pennine Hills.
15074 Rossetti, Christina Georgina (1830-1894), was an English poet.
15075 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (1828-1882), was a central figure in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, an art
movement he helped found in 1848 (see PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD).
15076 Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio (1792-1868), was an Italian opera composer.
15077 Rosson, Isabella, was a convict who is recorded as being the first schoolteacher in Australia.
15078 Rostand, Edmond (1868-1918), was a French playwright best known for his fourth play, Cyrano de
Bergerac (1897).
15079 Rostock (pop. 242,729) is a German seaport and industrial centre on the Baltic Sea.
15080 Rostov-on-Don, also called Rostov (pop. 983,000), is one of Russia's most important cities.
15081 Rostropovich, Mstislav Leopoldovich (1927-...), is one of the world's great cello players.
15082 Rostrum is an Australian organization that encourages the art of public speaking.
15083 Roszak, Theodore (1907-1981), was an American sculptor.
15084 Rot is a symptom of many plant diseases in which the plant decays.
15085
Rotary engine is a type of internal-combustion engine that uses a rotor (rotating part) instead of a piston.
15086 Rotary International is the worldwide association of all Rotary clubs.
15087 Rotenone is a poisonous substance taken from the root of the derris and cube plants.
15088 Roth, Mark (1951-...), an American, became the all-time leading money winner in professional bowling in
1987.
15089 Roth, Philip (1933-...), is an American novelist and short-story writer.
15090 Rothamsted is an agricultural research station on Rothamsted estate, near Harpenden, in Hertfordshire,
England.
15091 Rothenstein is the name of a family of English painters and art historians.
15092 Rother (pop. 80,200) is a local government district in East Sussex.
15093 Rotherham (pop. 252,000) is a metropolitan area in South Yorkshire, England.
15094
Rothko, Mark (1903-1970), an American painter, was a leader of the abstract expressionist movement.
15095 Rothschild is the name of a German family that founded a famous banking firm in the late 1700's.
15096 Rotifer is a tiny multicellular animal that lives in water.
15097
Rotorua (pop. 53,702) is a district situated on the volcanic plateau of the North Island of New Zealand.
15098
Rotterdam (pop. 558,832; met. area pop. 1,025,580) is the second largest city in the Netherlands.
15099
Rottnest Island lies off the mouth of the Swan River, about 30 kilometres west of Perth in Australia.
15100 Rottnest pine, sometimes called Swan River pine, is among the few native Australian pines.
15101 Rottweiler is a muscular dog with short, coarse black hair.
15102 Rouault, Georges (1871-1958), was a French artist.
15103 Rouble, also spelled ruble, is the monetary unit of Russia and other former Soviet republics.
15104 Rouen (pop. 105,470; met. area pop. 380,161) is a city in France that is both a major industrial centre
and a treasure house of artistic masterpieces.
15105 Rough Riders is the nickname for a famous American regiment that fought under Theodore Roosevelt's
leadership in the Spanish-American War of 1898.
15106 Roulette is a popular game in gambling casinos.
15107 Round, Dorothy Edith (1909-1982), was one of Britain's finest tennis players and was famous for her
attacking style.
15108 Round Table was the table at which King Arthur, the legendary British ruler, sat with his knights.
15109 Round towers are a picturesque feature of the landscape in many parts of Ireland.
15110 Roundworm, also called nematode, is any of more than 10,000 species of worms.
15111 Rous, Francis Peyton (1879-1970), an American medical researcher, proved that viruses cause some
types of cancer.
15112 Rousseau, Henri (1844-1910), was a French artist who painted some of the most unusual pictures in
early modern art.
15113 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778), was a French philosopher.
15114 Rowing is the act of propelling a boat with oars.
15115
Rowland, Daniel (1713-1790), a founder of Welsh Methodism, was ordained as a minister in 1733.
15116 Rowland, Sir James (1922-...), was appointed governor of New South Wales, Australia, in 1981 and
retired in 1989.
15117 Rowlandson, Thomas (1756-1827), was an artist and caricaturist.
15118 Rowling, Sir Wallace Edward (1927-...), usually known as Bill Rowling, was prime minister of New
Zealand and leader of the Labour Party from 1974 to 1975, following the death of his predecessor
Norman Kirk.
15119
Rowntree is the name of a Quaker family of industrialists and social reformers in the United Kingdom.
15120 Rowse, A. L. (1903-1997), an English historian, essayist, and poet, specialized in the Elizabethan
period.
15121 Roxas y Acuna, Manuel (1892-1948), served as the first president of the Philippine Republic, after it
received its independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.
15122 Roxburgh was a local government area in Scotland.
15123 Roxby Downs, 260 kilometres north of Port Augusta, South Australia, is the residential town that serves
Olympic Dam, the site of large mineral deposits.
15124 Roy, Raja Ram Mohan (1772-1833), an Indian social and religious reformer, founded the Brahmo Samaj
(Society of Brahma, or God) in 1828.
15125 Royal Academy of Arts is an institution in London designed to improve the standards of painting,
sculpture, and architecture.
15126 Royal Australian Mint, in Canberra, Australia, makes the coins used in Australia.
15127 Royal Automobile Club (RAC) is one of the two main clubs for motorists in Britain.
15128 Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is the national law enforcement department of Canada.
15129 Royal Commission is a body appointed by the British Crown to carry out an inquiry.
15130 Royal Dutch/Shell Group is one of the world's major industrial enterprises.
15131 Royal Easter Show, organized by the Royal Agricultural Society of New South Wales, Australia, is an
exhibition of agricultural, pastoral, dairying, industrial, and commercial production.
15132 Royal Exchange is a building in the City of London.
15133 Royal families are the families of reigning monarchs--kings, queens, emperors, empresses, sultans,
emirs, or other sovereigns.
15134 Royal Family of the United Kingdom is the family of the reigning monarch of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland.
15135 Royal Geographical Society is a British organization composed of people interested in geographical
education and discoveries.
15136 Royal Household of the United Kingdom includes officials who conduct the private business of the
monarch and supervise all branches of court life.
15137 Royal Institution is a scientific society, founded in England in 1799.
15138 Royal Irish Academy is the main learned society of Ireland.
15139 Royal Life Saving Society is a worldwide organization that works to educate the public in water safety
and other lifesaving matters.
15140 Royal Melbourne Show in Australia, is held in September each year by the Royal Agricultural Society of
Victoria at the royal showgrounds at Ascot Vale.
15141 Royal Mint is the British government department responsible for the design and preparation of official
coins, seals, medals, and decorations.
15142 Royal Society is one of the oldest scientific organizations in the world.
15143 Royal tennis, also called real tennis, is an ancient, complicated form of tennis, first played by French
kings about 600 years ago.
15144 Royce, Sir Henry (1863-1933), was a co-founder of Rolls-Royce, manufacturers of motorcars and
aircraft engines.
15145 Rozelle, Pete (1927-1996), became commissioner of the American National Football League (NFL) in
1960, and played a leading part in expanding professional American football.
15146 RSPCA is the oldest animal protection society in the world.
15147 Ruahines are a range of mountains in the southeastern part of the North Island of New Zealand.
15148
Ruanda-Urundi was a United Nations trust territory in east-central Africa administered by Belgium.
15149
Rubaiyat is a poem attributed to Omar Khayyam, a Persian poet, astronomer, and mathematician.
15150 Rubber is one of our most interesting and most important raw materials.
15151 Rubber plant is the common name for a house plant that is really a kind of fig.
15152 Rubbra, Edmund (1901-1986) was an English composer, pianist, and teacher.
15153 Rubella is a common contagious disease that most frequently affects children.
15154 Rubens, Peter Paul (1577-1640), was the greatest Flemish painter of the 1600's.
15155
Rubicon is a stream near Rimini, Italy, that Julius Caesar made famous when he was governor of Gaul.
15156 Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb.
15157 Rubinstein, Anton Gregor (1829-1894), was a Russian pianist and composer.
15158 Rubinstein, Arthur (1887-1982), was a Polish-born concert pianist.
15159 Ruby is the red gem variety of the mineral corundum.
15160 Rudbeckia, also known as coneflower, is the name of about 25 species of medium to tall (30 centimetres
to 2 metres) yellow-flowered plants of North America.
15161 Rudd, Steele (1868-1935), was the pen name of Arthur Hoey Davis, an Australian author.
15162 Rudolph, Paul (1918-...), is an American architect.
15163 Rue is a type of herb, which grows as a low shrub.
15164 Ruff is a sandpiper native to the Eastern Hemisphere.
15165 Ruffed grouse is a thickly feathered grouse of North America.
15166 Rugby (pop. 83,400) is an important railway junction and local government district in Warwickshire,
England.
15167 Rugby football is a fast contact sport played by two teams.
15168 Rugby School is a famous English independent school founded in 1567 at Rugby, England.
15169 Rugs and carpets are fabrics used as floor coverings.
15170 Ruhr is a coal-mining and industrial region in Germany.
15171
Ruhr River rises in Westphalia, Germany, and flows 232 kilometres through the famous Ruhr Valley.
15172 Ruisdael, Jacob van (1628?-1682), was the greatest Dutch landscape painter of his time.
15173
Ruiz, Juan (1283?-1350?), ranks among Spain's important poets on the strength of a single known work.
15174 Ruiz, Saint Lorenzo (1600?-1637?), was the first Filipino to be declared a saint by the Roman Catholic
Church.
15175 Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo (1891-1973), served as president of Mexico from 1952 to 1958.
15176
Rum Hospital is the popular name in Australia for the extensive group of buildings on the eastern side of
Macquarie Street, Sydney, which replaced the original colonial hospital near Sydney Cove.
15177 Rum Jungle is a uranium-mining centre in the Northern Territory, Australia, about 97 kilometres south of
Darwin.
15178 Rum Rebellion is the name usually given to events that took place in Sydney on Jan. 26, 1808, when the
New South Wales Corps illegally arrested and deposed Governor William Bligh.
15179 Rumba, also spelled rhumba, is a Latin ballroom dance that originated in Africa and achieved its modern
form in Cuba.
15180 Ruminant is the name given to a grazing animal that chews its cud and has split hoofs.
15181 Ruml, Beardsley (1894-1960), was an American financial expert and merchant who proposed the
withholding tax, a system of income tax payments.
15182 Rump Parliament was a name given to the English Parliament during the civil war that took place in the
middle 1600's.
15183 Rumsfeld, Donald Henry (1932-...), an American politician and businessman, served as secretary of
defence from 1975 to 1977 under President Gerald R. Ford.
15184 Runcie, Robert (1921-...), was archbishop of Canterbury, in England, from January 1980 to 1991.
15185 Rundle Oil Shale Project is a plan to mine a deposit of oil shale located on the east coast of Queensland,
Australia, about 30 kilometres northwest of Gladstone.
15186 Rundstedt, Karl Rudolf Gerd von (1875-1953), was a German field marshal during World War II (1939-
1945).
15187 Rune is any one of the characters of the earliest written alphabet used by the Germanic peoples of
Europe.
15188 Running is a vigorous form of exercise and a popular sport.
15189 Runnymede (pop. 71,500) is a local government district in northwestern Surrey, England, lying alongside
the River Thames.
15190 Runyon, Damon (1884-1946), was an American writer.
15191 Rupee is the chief monetary unit of India and the basic unit in India's decimal currency system.
15192 Rupert, Prince (1619-1682), a German nephew of Charles I, became commander in chief of the Royalist
forces in the English Civil War.
15193 Rupert, Anton (1916-...), a South African businessman and conservationist, built the multinational
Rembrandt Group.
15194 Ruse, James (1760-1837), was given the first grant of land in New South Wales, Australia.
15195 Rush is the common name for a group of grasslike plants that generally grow in marshes and meadows,
and sometimes in standing water.
15196 Rush, Benjamin (1745-1813), was an American doctor and a prominent figure in the public life of his
time.
15197 Rushcliffe (pop. 94,900) is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England.
15198 Rushdie, Salman (1947-...) is a leading contemporary British writer.
15199 Rushmoor (pop. 80,400) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, that includes several
military establishments.
15200 Ruskin, John (1819-1900), was probably the most influential English critic of the 1800's.
15201 Russell is the name of one of England's most famous families.
15202 Russell (pop. 1,500), in the Bay of Islands in the North Island of New Zealand, is the oldest European
settlement in New Zealand.
15203 Russell, Bertrand (1872-1970), was a British philosopher and mathematician.
15204 Russell, Charles Marion (1864-1926), was an American painter and sculptor famous for his scenes of
cowboys and life in the West.
15205 Russell, Sir Edward John (1872-1965), a chemist, became one of the foremost agriculturalists in the
world.
15206 Russell, George William (1867-1935), was an Irish poet, painter, and journalist.
15207 Russell, Lord John (1792-1878), first Earl Russell, a Whig statesman, was one of the champions of the
Reform Act of 1832.
15208 Russell, John (1858-1930), was an Australian impressionist painter.
15209 Russia is the world's largest country in area.
15210 Russian language is one of the world's most important languages.
15211 Russian literature includes some of the greatest masterpieces ever written.
15212 Russo-Finnish wars. During World War II (1939-1945), the Soviet Union and Finland fought each other
in two wars.
15213 Russo-Japanese War brought recognition to Japan as a major power of the world.
15214 Russo-Turkish wars. The Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) engaged in almost
constant disagreement for about 300 years after the 1600's.
15215 Rust is a brownish-red substance that forms on the surface of iron or steel when it is exposed to damp
air.
15216 Rust is the name of a group of fungi that are parasites on plants.
15217 Ruth, Babe (1895-1948), was the first great home run hitter in American baseball history.
15218 Ruth, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
15219 Ruthenia is a historic region in Ukraine.
15220 Ruthenium is a rare, silver-white metallic element.
15221
Rutherford, Ernest (1871-1937), a British physicist, established the nuclear model of the atom in 1911.
15222 Rutile is a titanium-oxide mineral found in the United States, Australia, Brazil, and India.
15223 Rutland (pop. 32,400), once England's smallest county, became a unitary authority, with all the local
government powers within its boundaries, in 1997.
15224
Rutskoi, Alexander Vladimirovich (1947-...), served as vice president of Russia from 1991 to 1993.
15225 Ruwenzori Range is a group of mountains that lies just north of the equator in east-central Africa.
15226 Ruyter, Michel Adriaanszoon de (1607-1676), also spelled Ruiter, was one of the greatest fighting
seamen of the Netherlands.
15227 Ruzicka, Leopold (1887-1976), a Swiss chemist, shared the 1939 Nobel chemistry prize for his work on
the structure of important vegetable products known as higher terpenes.
15228 Rwanda is a small country in east-central Africa, just south of the equator.
15229 Ryder, Albert Pinkham (1847-1917), is considered one of the most original of American painters.
15230 Rye is a cereal grain similar to wheat and barley.
15231 Rye House Plot was a scheme concocted by radical members of the English Whig Party in 1682 and
1683.
15232 Ryedale (pop. 90,000), a local government district in North Yorkshire, contains the towns of Malton and
Norton, Helmsley, Kirkbymoorside, and Pickering.
15233 Ryle, Gilbert (1900-1976), a British philosopher, achieved distinction with his book The Concept of Mind
(1949).
15234 Ryle, Sir Martin (1918-...), was the British Astronomer Royal from 1972 to 1982.
15235
Ryukyu Islands are a group of more than 100 islands in the North Pacific Ocean that belong to Japan.
15236 Ryun, Jim (1947-...), an American athlete, became the world's fastest middle-distance runner.
15237 Ryzhkov, Nikolai Ivanovich (1929-...), was premier of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1990.
15238 S is the 19th letter in the English alphabet.
15239 Saadi (1213?-1292) was a famous Persian author who wrote works in both prose and poetry.
15240 Saar is a state in Germany on the Franco-German border.
15241
Saarinen, Eero (1910-1961), was an American architect noted for his daring use of sculptural form.
15242 Saarinen, Eliel (1873-1950), was a Finnish-born architect.
15243 Saavedra Lamas, Carlos (1878-1959), was an Argentinian diplomat who received the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1936.
15244 Saba (pop. 1,116) is one of the islands in the northern group of the Netherlands Antilles.
15245 Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia.
15246 Sabah, Shaykh Jabir al-Ahmad al- (1926-...), became amir (commander) of Kuwait in 1977.
15247 Sabbath is the rest day of the Jews.
15248
Sabin, Albert Bruce (1906-1993), an American medical researcher, developed the oral polio vaccine.
15249 Sabines were members of an ancient Italian tribe.
15250 Sable is a small animal in the weasel family.
15251 Sabotage is any means of deliberately wasting or damaging the tools, machinery, or production of an
employer or government.
15252 Sabre-toothed tiger was a catlike prehistoric animal.
15253 Sacagawea (1787?-1812) was a Shoshone Indian woman who accompanied the Lewis and Clark
expedition in 1805 and 1806.
15254 Saccharides are carbohydrates--one of the three main classes of food.
15255 Saccharin is a synthetic sweetener.
15256
Sachs, Julius von (1832-1897), a German botanist, was the founder of the science of plant physiology.
15257 Sachs, Nelly (1891-1970), was a German-born Jewish poet and dramatist.
15258 Sacks, Jonathan (1948-...), a British rabbi (Jewish minister), became chief rabbi of the United Hebrew
Congregations of the Commonwealth in 1991.
15259 Sackville-West, Victoria Mary (1892-1962), was an English writer whose books reflect her aristocratic,
country family background.
15260 Sacrament, in Christianity, is a solemn observance.
15261 Sacramento (pop. 369,365; met. area pop. 1,481,102) is the capital of the state of California in the
United States and the commercial centre of a rich farming region.
15262 Sacred Heart of Jesus, Society of the, is a Roman Catholic society of women, established for the
education of youth and to provide centres for retreats.
15263 Sacrifice is a religious ceremony in which something is given to a god or the gods, thus becoming "holy."
The word comes from two Latin terms meaning to make holy.
15264 Sacroiliac joint connects the backbone with the pelvis.
15265 Sadat, Anwar el- (1918-1981), was president of Egypt from 1970 until his death in 1981.
15266 Saddle is a seat used by a rider on a horse.
15267 Sadducees were members of a religious group of Jews that was active in Judea, in Palestine, until A.D.
70.
15268 Sade, Marquis de (1740-1814), was a controversial French novelist and essayist.
15269 Sadler, Sir Michael (1861-1943), was a leading educationist who did much to reform the educational
systems of England and India.
15270 Sadler's Wells is the name of a theatre in London.
15271 Safari is an organized hunt in Africa.
15272 Safety is freedom from harm or the danger of harm.
15273 Safety lamp is a lamp designed to warn coal miners of the presence of firedamp, a gas that can cause
destructive mine explosions.
15274 Safety valve is attached to a steam boiler to release some of the steam if the pressure becomes higher
than the boiler can safely stand.
15275 Safflower is a plant grown chiefly for the oil obtained from its seeds.
15276 Saffron is a brilliant yellow dye and a food flavouring.
15277 Saga is the name given to a large body of literature written in Iceland between the 1100's and the
1300's.
15278 Sagan, Carl Edward (1934-1996), was an American astronomer, author, and educator.
15279 Sage is the name of more than 750 species of herbs and shrubs.
15280 Sage, Russell (1816-1906), was an American banker and philanthropist.
15281 Sagebrush is a shrub known for its sweet smell and bitter taste.
15282 Sagittarius, the Archer, is a group of stars that lies in the Southern Hemisphere of the sky.
15283 Sago is a starch found in the spongy centre, or pith, of various tropical palm trees.
15284 Saguaro is the largest cactus of North America.
15285 Sahara is the world's largest desert.
15286 Sahel is a dry grassland area in Africa.
15287 Said, Amina el- (1910-1995), was an Egyptian feminist and journalist.
15288 Said, Nuri as- (1888-1958), an Iraqi army officer and politician, served as prime minister of Iraq on
fourteen different occasions.
15289 Sailfish is a large fish known for its big back fin, which it spreads out like a sail.
15290 Sailing is an exciting water sport.
15291
Saint is a holy person who becomes a religious hero by exemplifying a virtue or virtues of a religion.
15292 Saint Albans (pop. 122,400) is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England, which takes its
name from the city in its centre.
15293 Saint Andrews (pop. 66,010) is a farming town on the Fife Region coast of Scotland between Edinburgh
and Dundee.
15294 Saint Andrew's Cathedral, the Anglican cathedral of Sydney, is a sandstone church designed by the
architect Edmund Blacket in neo-Gothic style.
15295 Saint Andrew's Day commemorates the martyrdom of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, in
about A.D. 70.
15296 Saint Augustine, Florida (pop. 11,985), is the oldest permanent settlement established in the United
States by Europeans.
15297 Saint Bartholomew's Church, in the cemetery of East Perth, Western Australia, was originally built as a
mortuary chapel, a place for prayers before burial.
15298 Saint Bartholomew's Day, Massacre of, was a slaughter of French Huguenots (Protestants).
15299 Saint Bernard is a large, intelligent dog that became famous for rescuing lost travellers.
15300 Saint Bernard Passes are two high passes across the Alps.
15301 Saint David's Day is celebrated on March 1 in honour of the patron saint of Wales.
15302 Saint Denis, Ruth (1879-1968), was an American dancer, dance teacher, and choreographer (creator of
dance).
15303 Saint Edmundsbury (pop. 89,100) is a local government area in western Suffolk, England.
15304 Saint Elias Mountains are a rugged series of the world's highest coastal mountains.
15305
Saint Elmo's fire is the glow that accompanies a steady discharge of electricity from certain objects.
15306 Saint Eustatius (pop. 1,781), also called Statia or, in Dutch, Sint Eustatius, is an island in the Caribbean
Sea.
15307
Saint-Exupery, Antoine de (1900-1944), a French aviator, created the literature of aviation in France.
15308 Saint-Gaudens, Augustus (1848-1907), was an American sculptor.
15309
Saint George's (pop. 7,500) is the capital and chief port of Grenada, an island nation in the West Indies.
15310 Saint George's Cathedral is the third Anglican church to be built in the centre of Perth, Western
Australia.
15311
Saint George's Channel is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Wales from southern Ireland.
15312 Saint George's Day is observed in England on April 23 in memory of the country's patron saint (see
GEORGE, SAINT).
15313 Saint-Germain, Treaty of. The Allied powers of World War I (1914-1918) and the republic of Austria
signed the Treaty of St.-Germain on Sept. 10, 1919.
15314 Saint Gotthard Pass is a famous mountain pass in the Lepontine Alps of southern Switzerland.
15315 Saint Gotthard tunnels are two tunnels--one a road tunnel and the other a railway tunnel--that run
through the Alps in southern Switzerland.
15316 Saint Helena is an island in the Atlantic Ocean.
15317
Saint Helens (pop. 175,300) is a metropolitan district and manufacturing centre on Merseyside, England.
15318 Saint James's Palace is a royal mansion in London.
15319
Saint John, Order of, is a nondenominational Christian order devoted to the relief of human suffering.
15320 Saint John Ambulance is an organization that works to maintain the health of the community.
15321 Saint John's is the capital of the island country of Antigua and Barbuda.
15322
Saint-John's-wort, also called hypericum and Rose of Sharon, is a shrub with large yellow flowers.
15323 Saint Kilda is an uninhabited group of islands in the North Atlantic.
15324 Saint Kitts and Nevis is an independent island nation in the Caribbean Sea.
15325
Saint Laurent, Yves (1936-...), became perhaps the most influential fashion designer of the late 1900's.
15326 Saint Lawrence River is one of the most important rivers of North America and the second longest river
in Canada.
15327 Saint Lawrence Seaway is a major commercial waterway that links the Atlantic Ocean and the Great
Lakes in North America.
15328 Saint Lazarus, Order of, is a Christian religious organization of knights and nurses founded in Jerusalem
about 1120.
15329 Saint Leger, Barry (1737-1789), a British soldier, fought against the Americans in the American
Revolution.
15330 Saint Louis (pop. 396,685) is the second largest city in the state of Missouri, U.S.A., and a leading
industrial and transportation centre of the United States.
15331 Saint Lucia is an independent island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea.
15332 Saint Mark, Basilica of, is the Roman Catholic cathedral of Venice, Italy.
15333 Saint Martin, also called Sint Maarten in Dutch, is an island in the Caribbean Sea at the northern end of
the Windward Islands (see WINDWARD ISLANDS).
15334 Saint Mary's Cathedral, the principal Roman Catholic church of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, is
a sandstone building in a decorated Gothic style.
15335 Saint Michael's Mount is a picturesque rocky islet in Mount's Bay, off Cornwall, England.
15336 Saint Moritz (pop. 5,263) is a famous resort town in the Alps of eastern Switzerland.
15337 Saint Nicholas, Feast of, is a children's festival celebrated on December 6, the feast day of Saint
Nicholas.
15338 Saint Patrick's Cathedral, is the main Roman Catholic church in Melbourne.
15339
Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated on March 17, the feast day of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.
15340 Saint Peter's Church, also called St. Peter's Basilica, in Vatican City, is Europe's largest Christian
church.
15341 Saint Petersburg (pop. 4,468,000; met. area pop. 5,020,000), formerly Leningrad, is the second largest
city in Russia.
15342 Saint-Pierre and Miquelon are two French islands about 16 kilometres south of Newfoundland.
15343 Saint-Saens, Camille (1835-1921), was a French composer.
15344 Saint-Simon, Comte de (1760-1825), was a founder of French socialism.
15345 Saint Swithin's Day, the feast day of St. Swithin, is held in England on July 15.
15346 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an independent country in the West Indies.
15347 Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin (1804-1869), a French critic, was the greatest exponent of the
biographical method of literary criticism.
15348
Saintsbury, George (1845-1933), was an English scholar, literary critic, and connoisseur of wines.
15349 Sakhalin is a long island off the eastern coast of Siberia.
15350 Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich (1921-1989), was a Soviet physicist who gained prominence for his
research on controlled thermonuclear reactions.
15351 Saladin (1138-1193) was the greatest Muslim warrior of the 1100's.
15352 Salam, Abdus (1926-...), a Pakistani physicist, won the 1979 Nobel Prize for physics for developing a
principle that unifies the weak nuclear force and the force of electromagnetism.
15353 Salamander is a timid, harmless animal that looks like a lizard but is related to frogs and toads.
15354
Salamis is a horseshoe-shaped Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about 16 kilometres west of Athens.
15355 Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira (1889-1970), served as dictator of Portugal from 1933 to 1968.
15356 Saldanha is a town on the western coast of South Africa.
15357 Sale (pop. 13,853) is a city in the Gippsland district of Victoria, Australia.
15358
Salem (pop. 38,264) is a city in Massachusetts, U.S.A. It is one of New England's most historic cities.
15359 Salem witchcraft trials were trials that resulted from the largest witch hunt in American history.
15360 Sales tax is levied on the sale of goods and services.
15361 Salesmanship is the ability to sell goods and services.
15362 Salford (pop. 217,900) is a local government area and manufacturing city that is part of Greater
Manchester, England.
15363 Salic law was a set of laws written in Latin and founded on Germanic customs and procedure.
15364 Salicylic acid belongs to a group of chemical compounds that are used as drugs for reducing fever and
pain.
15365 Salinas de Gortari, Carlos (1948-...), was president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994.
15366 Salinger, J. D. (1919-...), an American author, became famous for his novel The Catcher in the Rye
(1951).
15367 Salisbury (pop. 103,200) is a local government district in Wiltshire, England.
15368
Salisbury, Marquess of (1830-1903), was a British statesman who was prime minister three times.
15369 Saliva, a sticky fluid produced in the mouth, is important to the digestion of food.
15370 Salk, Jonas Edward (1914-1995), an American research scientist, worked in the field of preventive
medicine.
15371 Salmon is one of the most important food and game fishes.
15372 Salmon ponds were established in 1864 at Plenty, near New Norfolk, Tasmania, Australia.
15373 Salmonellosis is a common type of food poisoning.
15374 Salome was the daughter of Herodias and the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, governor of Galilee and
Peraea.
15375 Salon refers to a type of room and to certain activities that take place in the room.
15376 Salonga, Jovito Reyes (1920-...), a lawyer and politician, was president of the Philippine Senate from
1987 until 1992.
15377 Salonika, or, in Greek, Thessaloniki (pop. 406,403; met. area pop. 706,180), is a port on the Gulf of
Salonika in Greece.
15378 Salpiglossis is a plant in the potato family.
15379 Salsify is a biennial garden vegetable.
15380
Salt is a clear, brittle mineral that has been used to flavour and preserve food since ancient times.
15381 Salt, Chemical, is a compound that results when a base neutralizes an acid.
15382 Salt lakes are common in areas of low rainfall in Australia, especially in the southeastern part of Western
Australia and in South Australia.
15383 Salt Lake City (pop. 159,936; met. area 1,072,227) is the capital and largest city of Utah, U.S.A. The
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly called the Mormon Church, has its headquarters
there.
15384 Saltbush is the popular name for more than 1,400 species (kinds) of Australian plants.
15385 Saltee Islands are two islands off the coast of Wexford, in the southeastern corner of the Republic of
Ireland.
15386
Salten, Felix (1869-1945), was an Austrian author best known for his children's novel Bambi (1923).
15387 Salto (pop. 80,787) is the second largest city in Uruguay.
15388 Saltonstall, Leverett (1892-1979), was an American politician who served as senator for Massachusetts
from 1945 to 1967.
15389 Saltpetre, also called nitre, is a mineral known to chemists as potassium nitrate.
15390 Salts are saline laxatives.
15391 Saluki, also called gazelle hound, is believed to be the oldest purebred dog in the world.
15392 Salute is a gesture of greeting that generally expresses respect or courtesy.
15393 Salvado, Dom Rosendo (1814-1900), a pioneer Roman Catholic priest, was one of the founding fathers
of the monastery in New Norcia, Western Australia.
15394
Salvador (pop. 1,496,276; met. area pop. 1,772,018) also called Bahia, is the third largest city in Brazil.
15395 Salvage is money or goods paid to those who save ships or cargo abandoned at sea.
15396 Salvation Army is an international Christian religious and charitable organization.
15397 Salvation Jane, also known as Paterson's curse, is a weed found in all parts of Australia except Western
Australia.
15398 Salvia is a group of plants that grow in the temperate and warm regions of the world.
15399 Salween River, also called Salwin, is an important river of Burma.
15400 Salzburg (pop. 138,213) is a city located in the mountains of northwestern Austria.
15401 Samara (pop. 1,250,000) is a major Russian manufacturing centre and Volga River port.
15402 Samaria was the name of a city and its surrounding region in ancient Palestine.
15403 Samaritans were citizens of ancient Samaria.
15404 Samaritans is an organization that helps people who are suicidal or despairing.
15405 Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm.
15406 Samarqand (pop. 515,000) is the second largest city and former capital of Uzbekistan.
15407 Sambanthan, Tun Veerasamy Thirugnan (1919-1979), was a leading member of the Indian community
in Malaysia.
15408 Samnites were members of an ancient tribe in what is now southern Italy.
15409 Samoa is a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean.
15410 Samos is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
15411 Samoset (1590?-1655) was one of the early American Indian friends of the Pilgrim settlers of the
Plymouth Colony in the United States.
15412
Samothrace, also called Samothraki, is a Greek island that is often mentioned in Greek mythology.
15413 Samoyed is a dog bred by the Samoyed peoples of northern Siberia.
15414 Sampan is a small boat used chiefly in rivers and harbours in China, Japan, and nearby islands.
15415 Sampler is a small square or strip of cloth covered with sample patterns of needlework.
15416 Samson was a folk hero of ancient Israel, famed for his great strength.
15417 Samuel, Books of, are two books of the Bible, called I Samuel and II Samuel.
15418 Samuel, Viscount (1870-1963), was a British Liberal statesman.
15419 Samurai was the hereditary warrior class in feudal Japan.
15420
San are a people of Africa, most of whom live in the Kalahari Desert region of Botswana and Namibia.
15421
San Andreas Fault is a long fracture in the earth's crust marked by a zone of disrupted land in California.
15422 San Antonio, Texas (pop. 935,933), is one of the most historic cities of the United States.
15423 San Diego, California (pop. city, 1,110,549; metropolitan area, 2,498,016), is one of the chief naval
centres of the United States.
15424 San Francisco, California, is one of the world's most interesting cities and a leading centre of culture,
finance, and industry in the United States.
15425 San Francisco Conference. Delegates from the United Nations met in San Francisco on April 25, 1945,
to form a world organization strong enough to prevent another global war.
15426
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge is one of the longest bridges in the world over navigable water.
15427 San Jose, California (pop. 782,248; met. area pop. 1,497,577), is a major industrial city in the United
States and one of the nation's chief centres of aerospace manufacturing.
15428 San Jose (pop. 318,765) is the capital, largest city, and commercial centre of Costa Rica.
15429 San Juan (pop. 434,849; met. area pop. 1,086,376) is the capital and largest city of Puerto Rico.
15430 San Luis Potosi (pop. 489,238) is a farming and mining centre in central Mexico.
15431 San Marcos, University of, in Lima, Peru, is the oldest university in South America.
15432 San Marino is a small European country that is surrounded by Italy.
15433 San Marino (pop. 4,179) is the capital and largest community of the country of San Marino.
15434 San Martin, Jose de (1778-1850) was an Argentine general who helped lead the struggle for
independence in South America against Spain.
15435 San Pedro Sula (pop. 372,800) is the second largest city of Honduras.
15436 San Salvador (pop. 452,614) is the capital and largest city of El Salvador.
15437 Sana (pop. 427,185) is the capital and largest city of of Yemen.
15438 Sand is a loose accumulation of tiny pieces of rocks or minerals that are larger than silt or clay but
smaller than pebbles.
15439 Sand, George (1804-1876), was the pen name of Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin, a French novelist of
the 1800's.
15440 Sand dollar belongs to a group of marine animals called echinoderms.
15441
Sand dunes consist of masses of sand picked up, moved, and dropped by winds to form hills or ridges.
15442 Sand fly is a hairy, dark-brown insect that measures about 3 millimetres long.
15443 Sand painting is the name for making pictures in sand.
15444 Sand verbena is a low summer annual with fragrant pink, white, or yellow flowers.
15445 Sandakan (pop. 70,420) is the largest city in Sabah, a state of Malaysia.
15446 Sandalwood is a scarce, valuable wood obtained from several related kinds of trees.
15447 Sandblasting is a method for engraving such materials as glass and granite or for cleaning metal and
some buildings.
15448 Sandbur, also called bur grass, is a troublesome prickly weed that originally grew on the plains of the
Western United States.
15449 Sandburg, Carl (1878-1967), was an American poet, biographer, and historian.
15450 Sanderling is a bird that belongs to the same family as the snipes and sandpipers.
15451 Sandoz, Mari Susette (1901-1966), was an American biographer and novelist.
15452 Sandow, Eugene (1867-1925), a German strongman, performed great feats of strength in Europe and
the United States.
15453 Sandpiper is a name given to a large number of birds.
15454 Sandplains is a narrow stretch of country north of Perth, in Western Australia.
15455 Sandringham is a country estate used by the British Royal Family.
15456 Sands, Dave (1926-1952), a part-Aborigine, was the best known of six brothers who won professional
boxing fame in Australia and New Zealand.
15457 Sandstone is a type of rock composed chiefly of sand that has been "cemented" together by pressure or
by minerals.
15458 Sandstorm is a storm in which the wind carries sand through the air.
15459 Sandwell (pop. 282,000) is an industrial area in West Midlands, England.
15460 Sang Nila Utama (?-1347?), a Malay prince, was the founder and first ruler of Singapore.
15461
Sanger, Frederick (1918-...), a British biochemist, won the 1958 and 1980 Nobel Prizes in chemistry.
15462 Sanger, Margaret (1883-1966), was the leader of the birth control movement in the United States during
the early 1900's.
15463 Sanhedrin was the highest national governing council of the Jews in Roman times.
15464 Sanitarium is a place where people go to improve their health.
15465 Sanitation is a field of public health.
15466 Sansevieria is the name of 50 species of fleshy-leaved plants related to agaves.
15467 Sanskrit language is the oldest literary language of India and the basis of many modern Indian
languages, including Hindi and Urdu.
15468 Sanskrit literature is the literature of India written in the ancient language called Sanskrit.
15469 Santa Ana (pop. 135,186) is the second largest city in El Salvador.
15470 Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de (1794-1876), was a Mexican soldier and politician.
15471 Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, is a legendary old man who brings gifts to children at
Christmas.
15472 Santa Fe (pop. 441,982) is a commercial and shipping centre in east-central Argentina.
15473 Santa Fe, New Mexico (pop. 55,859), is the capital of the state and a major tourist centre of the
Southwest United States.
15474
Santa Fe Trail was one of the longest commercial routes in the United States in the prerailway era.
15475 Santa Marta (pop. 218,205) is a seaport near the northern tip of Colombia.
15476 Santamaria, B.A. (1915-...), a Melbourne barrister, became a prominent lay member of the Roman
Catholic Church in Victoria, Australia.
15477 Santayana, George (1863-1952), was a philosopher and author.
15478 Santer, Jacques (1937-...), began a four-year term as president of the European Commission, the
executive branch of the European Union, in January 1995.
15479 Santiago (pop. 4,385,481) is the capital and largest city of Chile.
15480 Santiago (pop. 278,638) is the second largest city of the Dominican Republic.
15481 Santiago de Cuba (pop. 345,772) lies at the foot of the Sierra Maestra range on the southeast coast of
Cuba.
15482 Santo Domingo (pop. 1,313,172) is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic.
15483 Santo Domingo, University of, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, is the oldest university in the
Western Hemisphere.
15484 Santos (pop. 411,023) is the major port city of Brazil.
15485 Santos-Dumont, Alberto (1873-1932), was an aviation pioneer in both lighter-than-air and heavier-thanair
machines.
15486 Sao Francisco, River, is in eastern Brazil.
15487 Sao Miguel Island is the largest island of the Azores.
15488 Sao Paulo (pop. 11,128,848; met. area pop. 17,112,712) is Brazil's largest city and leading commercial
and industrial centre.
15489 Sao Tome (pop. 34,997) is the capital and largest city of Sao Tome and Principe, an island country west
of the African mainland.
15490
Sao Tome and Principe is an African country that consists of two main islands and several tiny islands.
15491 Saone River is a waterway in eastern France.
15492 Sap, in botany, means the liquid in the stems and roots of plants.
15493 Sapir, Edward (1884-1939), was an American anthropologist and linguist who explored the relationships
between language, culture, and personality.
15494 Sapodilla is a tropical fruit native to Mexico and Central America.
15495 Sapphire, a hard and clear gem, is a variety of the mineral corundum.
15496 Sappho, a Greek woman poet, lived about 600 B.C. Plato called her the Tenth Muse, and she is
supposed to be the greatest woman poet the world has known.
15497 Sapporo (pop. 1,542,979) is the capital of Hokkaido, Japan's northernmost island.
15498 Saprophyte is a living thing that gets its food from the remains of dead organisms.
15499 Sapsucker is one of a group of birds of the woodpecker family.
15500 Saracens were Muslims who invaded and occupied parts of the Christian world in Asia, Africa, and
Europe from the 600's to the 1000's.
15501 Saragat, Giuseppe (1898-1988), served as president of Italy from 1964 to 1971.
15502 Saragossa, also spelled Zaragoza (pop. 596,080), is an industrial and trading centre in northeastern
Spain.
15503 Sarajevo (pop. 447,687) is the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
15504 Saratov (pop. 909,000) is one of the chief ports on the Volga River.
15505 Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia.
15506 Sarazen, Gene (1902-...), an American golfer, became one of the world's leading players.
15507 Sarcoidosis is a disease in which small nodules (fleshy lumps) form in many parts of the body.
15508 Sarcophagus is a stone coffin.
15509 Sardine is a member of the herring family and an important food fish.
15510 Sardinia is an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea west of the mainland of Italy and over 160
kilometres from it.
15511 Sardinia, Kingdom of, became the nucleus of united Italy.
15512 Sardis, an ancient city near present-day Izmir, Turkey, was capital of the kingdom of Lydia.
15513 Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, a fine-grained form of the mineral quartz.
15514 Sardou, Victorien (1831-1908), was one of the most successful French playwrights of his time.
15515 Sargasso Sea is an irregular oval-shaped area of the North Atlantic Ocean.
15516 Sargent, John Singer (1856-1925), was an American painter who did his major work in Europe.
15517 Sargent, Sir Malcolm (1895-1967), was a leading British conductor.
15518 Sargeson, Frank (1903-1982), became one of the most influential short-story writers in New Zealand
during the 1930's.
15519 Sargon of Akkad was a king who founded the first great empire in history.
15520 Sarich, Ralph (1938-...), an Australian inventor, completed the first prototype of his revolutionary orbital
engine in 1971.
15521 Sark (pop. 604) is one of the Channel Islands, about 110 kilometres south of England and 35 kilometres
off the French coast.
15522 Sarnoff, David (1891-1971), an American businessman, was one of the first people to see the full
possibilities of using radio and television to entertain the public.
15523 Saro-Wiwa, Ken (1941-1995), was a Nigerian writer and environmental activist.
15524 Saroyan, William (1908-1981), was an American writer.
15525 Sarsfield, Patrick (1645?-1693), Earl of Lucan, was an Irish leader and soldier.
15526 Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980), was a French existentialist philosopher who expressed his ideas in many
novels, plays, and short stories, as well as in theoretical works.
15527 Saskatchewan (pop. 990,237) is one of the Prairie Provinces of Canada.
15528 Sassafras is a medium-sized tree of the laurel family.
15529 Sassenach means English or Englishman.
15530 Sassoon, Siegfried (1886-1967), a British novelist and poet, used experiences in World War I in Memoirs
of George Sherston (1937).
15531 Satellite is a natural object that orbits a planet or asteroid.
15532 Satellite, Artificial, is a manufactured object that continuously orbits the earth or some other body in
space.
15533 Satie, Erik (1866-1925), a French composer, spent his entire career challenging established conventions
in music.
15534 Satin is a weave in which the weft (crosswise yarns) do not cross the warp (lengthwise yarns) as often
as in a plain weave.
15535 Satire is the use of irony or sarcasm to attack some form of human behaviour.
15536 Sato, Eisaku (1901-1975), served as premier of Japan from 1964 to 1972.
15537 Satrap was the governor of a satrapy (province) in the ancient Persian Empire.
15538 Saturation is a term used in chemistry and physics.
15539 Saturday, called Saeter-daeg by the Anglo-Saxons, is the seventh day of the week.
15540 Saturn was an early god in Roman mythology.
15541 Saturn is the second largest planet.
15542 Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festival that honoured Saturn, the god of agriculture.
15543 Satyr was a minor god of the countryside and woods in Greek mythology.
15544 Saudi Arabia is a large Middle Eastern nation that ranks as one of the world's leading producers of
petroleum.
15545 Saul was the first king of Israel and one of the most tragic figures in history.
15546 Sauna is a special kind of bath for cleansing and relaxation.
15547 Saunders, Reginald Walter (1920-...), became the first Aboriginal officer in the Australian Army when he
was commissioned in 1944.
15548 Sausage is a food made of chopped and seasoned meat.
15549 Sauve, Jeanne Mathilde (1922-1993), was governor general of Canada from 1984 to1990.
15550 Savage is a river in mountainous northwestern Tasmania, Australia.
15551 Savanna, also spelled savannah, is a grassland with widely scattered trees and shrubs.
15552 Savannah was the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
15553 Savannah, Georgia (pop. 137,560; met. area pop. 242,622), is one of the chief United States Southern
ports.
15554 Save the Children is an independent, nonprofit organization that works to help needy children by
improving the communities where they live.
15555 Savernake Forest is a large woodland tract in the eastern part of Wiltshire, England.
15556 Savings bank is a common type of savings institution.
15557 Savonarola, Girolamo (1452-1498), was an Italian friar, a fiery religious reformer, and a preacher.
15558 Savoy was, until 1946, the oldest reigning family in Europe.
15559 Saw is a cutting tool that has a metal blade with sharply pointed teeth along one edge.
15560 Sawfish is the name of a family of fish with long snouts that look like saws.
15561 Sawfly is an insect related to ants, bees, and wasps.
15562 Sawrey, Hugh (1923-...), an Australian artist, became known for the love and knowledge of the
Australian outback portrayed in his work.
15563 Saxbe, William Bart (1916-...), is an American politician who served as attorney general of the United
States in 1974 and early 1975.
15564 Saxe, Comte de (1696-1750), Maurice de Saxe, a German soldier of fortune, led French armies to
victory in the War of the Austrian Succession.
15565 Saxifrage is any one of a group of small, hardy plants that grow in cold and temperate parts of the
Northern Hemisphere.
15566
Saxons were members of a Germanic people that invaded the island of Britain about 1,500 years ago.
15567 Saxony, a state in east-central Germany, covers an area of 18,300 square kilometres.
15568 Saxophone is a woodwind musical instrument made of brass.
15569
Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832), a French economist, did much to spread the doctrines of Adam Smith.
15570 Sayers, Dorothy (1893-1957), an English author, was one of the most famous writers of detective stories
of the 1900's.
15571 Scabies is a contagious skin disease that causes intense itching.
15572 Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England.
15573 Scalawags were whites from the American South who worked with blacks and northern Republicans to
control politics in the South after the American Civil War.
15574
Scale. Scales are flat plates that form the outer covering of most fish and of many snakes and lizards.
15575 Scale, Weighing, is a device used to measure weight or mass.
15576 Scale insect is one of many kinds of sucking insects that feed on plants.
15577 Scallop is a shellfish that is used for food.
15578 Scandinavia is the name often given to the peninsula of Norway and Sweden.
15579 Scandinavian literature consists of the literature of the Scandinavian countries--Denmark, Norway, and
Sweden--and of Finland and Iceland.
15580 Scandium is a soft, silvery-white metal.
15581 Scanner is a machine that translates printed pages, photographs, and other materials into digital code
for use by computers.
15582 Scanning probe microscope is any of a type of microscopes that scan the surface of materials with a
sharp point and display the results on a televisionlike screen.
15583 Scapa Flow is a sea basin surrounded by the Orkney Islands off northern Scotland.
15584 Scapegoat originally meant one of the two goats received by the Jewish high priest in ancient Jerusalem
on the Day of Atonement.
15585 Scar is a permanent mark left after an injury on the skin or other part of the body heals.
15586 Scarab is the name of a large group of beetles.
15587 Scarborough (pop. 107,800), a local government district in North Yorkshire, England, includes the
harbour and resort towns of Scarborough and Whitby.
15588 Scarlatti, Alessandro (1660-1725), was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas.
15589 Scarlatti, Domenico (1685-1757), was an Italian composer.
15590 Scarlet fever is an infectious disease that chiefly affects children.
15591 Scepticism was a philosophical movement in ancient Greece.
15592 Schacht, Hjalmar (1877-1970), was a German financial statesman.
15593
Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1742-1786), was the Swedish pharmacist-chemist who discovered chlorine.
15594
Schelde River is one of the most important commercial waterways of Europe, especially in Belgium.
15595 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854), was a German philosopher.
15596 Scherzo is a short, lively musical composition.
15597 Schick, Bela (1877-1967), was a Hungarian authority on the diseases of childhood.
15598 Schiele, Egon (1890-1918), was an Austrian artist.
15599 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von, (1759-1805), ranks second only to Goethe among the leading
figures of German literature, and no German compares to him as a playwright.
15600 Schipperke is a dog of Belgium.
15601 Schistosomiasis is the name for a sometimes fatal disease caused by three species of parasitic worms
called schistosomes.
15602
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease characterized by unpredictable disturbances in thinking.
15603 Schlesinger, James Rodney (1929-...), a United States politician, held two Cabinet offices.
15604 Schley, Winfield Scott (1839-1911), was an American naval officer who commanded the expedition that
rescued the Arctic explorer Adolphus W. Greely in 1884.
15605 Schliemann, Heinrich (1822-1890), was a German archaeologist who founded the study of ancient
Greece and neighbouring cultures on the Aegean Sea.
15606 Schmalkaldic League was an alliance formed by the early German Protestants to defend themselves
against Emperor Charles V and the Roman Catholic states.
15607 Schmidt, Helmut (1918-...), served as chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982.
15608 Schneider Trophy was raced for by pilots during the early days of aeroplane development.
15609 Schnitzler, Arthur (1862-1931), was an Austrian writer whose works reflect the influence of Sigmund
Freud's ideas on psychoanalysis.
15610 Schoenberg, Arnold (1874-1951), was perhaps the most influential composer of the 1900's.
15611 Schofield, John McAllister (1831-1906), commanded the Union forces that captured Wilmington, North
Carolina, during the American Civil War (1861- 1865).
15612 Scholarship is a grant of money or free tuition awarded to a student on the basis of achievement, ability,
or financial need.
15613 Scholasticism was a philosophical system that emphasized the use of reason in exploring questions of
philosophy and theology.
15614 Scholes, Percy (1877-1958), an Englishman, wrote many valuable books on music.
15615 Schonell, Sir Fred (1900-1969), a leading Australian educational psychologist, made an important
contribution to the study of teaching children with learning disabilities.
15616 Schongauer, Martin (1450?-1491), was one of the first German painters to work extensively as an
engraver.
15617 School is an institution that provides education.
15618 Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788-1860), was a German philosopher who became widely known for his
pessimistic views and his fine prose style.
15619 Schreiner, Olive (1855-1920), was one of the most distinguished South African writers.
15620 Schrodinger, Erwin (1887-1961), an Austrian theoretical physicist, became known for his mathematical
equation describing the wavelike behaviour of electrons.
15621 Schubert, Franz Peter (1797-1828), an Austrian composer, wrote an astonishing variety of music in
many forms.
15622 Schulz, Charles Monroe (1922-...), an American cartoonist, created the "Peanuts" comic strip.
15623 Schumacher, Michael (1969-...), a German racing car driver, won the World Driver's Championships in
1994 and 1995.
15624 Schumann, Clara (1819-1896), was one of the finest pianists of her time and the wife of the German
composer Robert Schumann.
15625 Schumann, Robert (1810-1856), was a German composer and writer on music.
15626 Schumann-Heink, Ernestine (1861-1936), was a greatly admired Austrian contralto, famous for her
interpretations of Wagner and Strauss.
15627 Schuschnigg, Kurt von (1897-1977), was chancellor of Austria until Adolf Hitler forced Austria to unite
with Germany in 1938.
15628
Schuster, Sir Arthur (1851-1934), was a physicist who contributed to the discovery of the electron.
15629 Schwab, Charles Michael (1862-1939), an American industrialist, was a founder and president of both
the United States Steel Corporation and the Bethlehem Steel Corporation.
15630 Schwarzkopf, Elisabeth (1915-...), a Polish lyric soprano, won great success in the 1940's and 1950's as
a concert and opera singer.
15631 Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965), was a brilliant philosopher, physician, musician, clergyman, missionary,
and writer on theology.
15632 Schwinger, Julian Seymour (1918-1994), the United States shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in physics with
Richard P. Feynman and Sin-itiro Tomonaga.
15633 Sciatica refers to pain along the sciatic nerve.
15634 Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with observed facts and the relationships among
those facts.
15635 Science fiction is a popular kind of imaginative literature.
15636 Scientific creationism is the belief that most evidence indicates the world began through an act of
creation.
15637 Scientology is a religious movement founded by L. Ron Hubbard (1911-1986), an American writer and
thinker.
15638 Scilly, Isles of (pop. 2,900), lie in the Atlantic Ocean off the English coast, about 40 kilometres west of
Land's End, Cornwall.
15639 Sciortino, Antonio (1879-1947), a Maltese sculptor, conceived the idea of building a monument to the
unknown soldier shortly after World War I ended in 1918.
15640 Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius (236?-183? B.C.), was a Roman general who defeated the great
Carthaginian general Hannibal in the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.).
15641 Scissors. A pair of scissors is really two knife blades joined together to form a double lever.
15642 Scofield, Paul (1922-...), is a British actor who has achieved success, mainly in the classics, in London
and New York City.
15643 Scoliosis is a side-to-side curve of the spine.
15644 Scone, Stone of, or the Stone of Destiny, is a stone on which the kings and queens of the United
Kingdom have been crowned.
15645 Scopes trial was one of the most famous and controversial legal cases in United States history.
15646 Scorpio, the Scorpion, is a constellation (group of stars) that can be seen in both the Northern and
Southern hemispheres.
15647 Scorpion is a small animal with a potentially dangerous poisonous sting in its tail.
15648 Scorpion fly is an unusual insect that often has a long, pointed face.
15649 Scotland is one of the four major political divisions that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.
15650 Scotland, History of. The first settlers in what is now Scotland may have arrived soon after the end of
the last Ice Age.
15651 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police.
15652 Scott was the family name of two British architects, grandfather and grandson.
15653 Scott, David Randolph (1932-...), a United States astronaut, commanded the American Apollo 15
mission that made the fourth manned landing on the moon.
15654 Scott, Charles Prestwich (1846-1932), was a distinguished British editor and journalist.
15655 Scott, Hugh Doggett, Jr. (1900-1994), a Pennsylvania Republican, was minority leader of the U.S.
Senate from 1969 to 1977.
15656 Scott, James (1810-1884), a surveyor, explored much of northern Tasmania, Australia.
15657 Scott, Sir Peter (1909-1989), a British artist and ornithologist, became well known for his paintings of
birds and for his broadcasts on conservation and wildlife.
15658 Scott, Robert Falcon (1868-1912), a British explorer and naval officer, became the first person to reach
the South Polar plateau.
15659
Scott, Thomas Alison (1777?-1881), grew the first sugar cane in Australia at Port Macquarie in 1824.
15660 Scott, Thomas Hobbes (1783?-1860), the first archdeacon of New South Wales, Australia, did much to
promote and extend education.
15661 Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832), was a Scottish romantic writer.
15662 Scottish deerhound was for hundreds of years a dog of the nobility.
15663 Scottish law is the law used in Scotland.
15664 Scottish literature differs from that of most other countries in that it has been produced in three
languages: Gaelic, Scots, and English.
15665 Scottish terrier is a breed of dog first reared in the Scottish highlands in the 1800's.
15666 Scout. The first explorers of the American frontier were usually fur traders.
15667 Scouting is the world's largest voluntary youth movement.
15668 Screw is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a shaft.
15669 Scriabin, Alexander (1872-1915), was a Russian composer and pianist.
15670 Scribe is a person who writes letters, documents, or books by hand.
15671 Scribe, Augustin Eugene (1791-1861), was a French playwright.
15672 Scribner was the family name of two American book publishers, father and son.
15673 Scrofula is a type of tuberculosis that attacks the lymph nodes of the neck.
15674 Scroll is a roll of paper, parchment, or other material, especially with writing on it.
15675
Scruple is a unit of apothecaries' weight, a system of weights once widely used in drug measurement.
15676 Scullard, Howard Hayes (1903-1983), was an English expert on the history of ancient Rome.
15677 Scullin, James (1876-1953), a leader of the Labor Party in Australia, was prime minister of Australia from
1929 to 1931.
15678 Sculpin is a family of fishes that have large mouths, large, flattened heads, and bodies that taper sharply
to the tail fin.
15679 Sculpture is one of the most complex of the arts.
15680 Sculthorpe, Peter (1929-...), an Australian composer, gained international attention for his Sun Music,
performed in London in 1965.
15681
Scunthorpe (pop. 60,500) is a modern town and local government district in Humberside, England.
15682 Scurvy is a disease caused by lack of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
15683 Scylla, in Greek mythology, was at first a beautiful nymph.
15684 Scythe, an implement with a curved cutting blade, was once widely used to harvest grain.
15685 Sea anemone is a sea animal that looks like a flower called the anemone.
15686 Sea cow is a term sometimes applied to the dugong and manatee, which belong to an order (group) of
sea mammals called Sirenia.
15687 Sea cucumber is a type of sea animal with a long fleshy body that may look like a cucumber.
15688 Sea fan is a colourful coral with a flat, fanlike shape.
15689 Sea level is the level of the ocean's surface.
15690 Sea lily is a sea animal that looks like a flower.
15691 Sea otter is a furry animal that lives in the North Pacific Ocean.
15692 Sea serpent is a large, probably imaginary marine creature.
15693 Sea squirt is a name for a group of sea animals which are also called ascidians.
15694 Sea urchin is a sea animal related to the starfish and the sand dollar.
15695 Sea wasp is a dangerous stinging jellyfish with a strong, box-shaped body 5 to 15 centimetres in
diameter.
15696 Seaborg, Glenn Theodore (1912-...), an American chemist, became known for contributing to the
discovery of several elements heavier than uranium.
15697
Seah Eu Chin (1805-1883), a Chinese businessman, became a wealthy plantation owner in Singapore.
15698 Seahorse is a small fish that is so named because its head resembles that of a tiny horse.
15699 Seal is a sea mammal that has a sleek, torpedo-shaped body and flippers in place of legs.
15700 Seal is a device with a design or lettering for impressing (stamping) on paper, wax, or metal.
15701 Sealing wax is used for sealing letters and documents and for taking the impression of seals (see
SEAL).
15702
Sealyham terrier is a strong, white, short-legged dog with a long head, powerful jaws, and big teeth.
15703 Search engine is a type of program used to find information that is stored on computers.
15704 Search warrant is a document issued by a court, which permits a police officer to search a house or
other building.
15705 Searle, Ronald (1920-...), an English artist, cartoonist, and designer, became popular as the creator of
the weird young ladies of the fictional school of St. Trinian's.
15706 Sears, Paul Bigelow (1891-1990), was an American botanist.
15707 Sears, Roebuck and Company is the world's largest retail business firm.
15708 Seashore is the place where the land and the sea meet.
15709 Season is one of the four periods of the year.
15710 Seattle (pop. city--516,259, metropolitan area--1,972,961) is the largest city in Washington, United
States.
15711 Seaweed is a name applied to almost any plantlike marine organism that is large enough to be seen with
the unaided eye.
15712 Sebastian, Saint (died A.D. 288), was an early Christian martyr.
15713 Secheron House is one of the finest examples of Georgian architecture at Battery Point in Hobart,
Tasmania, Australia.
15714 Second, a unit in the metric system, is used to measure time and angles.
15715
Secret police are used by certain governments and dictators to control, terrorize, and spy on people.
15716
Secretarial work includes a variety of activities that help keep an office running smoothly and efficiently.
15717 Secretary bird is a tall African bird that has long feathers rising from the back of its head.
15718 Secretion is a useful substance that is produced by and then discharged from a cell.
15719 Security Service, generally known as MI5, is the government service responsible for protecting Britain
from espionage, sabotage, or any other activity dangerous to the state.
15720 Sedative is a drug that decreases the activity of the central nervous system.
15721 Seddon, Richard John (1845-1906), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1893 to 1906.
15722 Sedge is one of a large family of grasslike plants that grow in wet places throughout the world.
15723 Sedgefield (pop. 89,200) is a local government district in Durham, England.
15724 Sedgemoor (pop. 97,000) is a local government district in northern Somerset, England, which attracts
many tourists.
15725 Sedgman, Frank (1927-...), was one of Australia's finest tennis players.
15726 Sedimentary rock is rock formed when mineral matter or remains of plants and animals settle out of
water or, less commonly, out of air or ice.
15727 Sedition is an act which stirs up discontent against established government authority.
15728 Sedum is a genus (group) of about 600 species plants that are decorative and hardy.
15729 Seed is the specialized part of a plant that produces a new plant.
15730 Seeger, Alan (1888-1916), an American poet, wrote one of the most memorable poems of World War I
(1914-1918), "I Have a Rendezvous with Death." Seeger joined the French Foreign Legion at the
beginning of the war.
15731 Seeger, Pete (1919-...), is an American folk singer, musician, and composer.
15732 Seferis, George (1900-1971), was a Greek poet and diplomat.
15733 Sefton (pop. 282,000), a local government district in Merseyside, England, includes the towns of Bootle,
Crosby, and Southport.
15734 Segal, George (1924-...), is an American sculptor who creates life-sized plaster figures in poses taken
from everyday experiences.
15735 Segovia, Andres (1893-1987), was the most influential classical guitarist of the 1900's.
15736 Segrave, Sir Henry (1896-1930), was a British hero of the early days of motor racing.
15737 Segregation is the separation of groups of people by custom or by law.
15738 Seiche is a long wave in a lake, a bay, or some similar basin.
15739 Seidl, Anton (1850-1898), a Hungarian-born orchestra conductor, greatly influenced musical life in the
United States of America (U.S.A.) with his interpretations of Richard Wagner's operas.
15740
Seidler, Harry (1923-...), an Australian architect, designed some of Sydney's best-known tall buildings.
15741 Seigneurial system, also spelled seigniorial, was the traditional method of landholding in France.
15742 Seine River and its branches form the chief commercial waterway of France.
15743 Seismograph is an instrument that amplifies and records small movements of the ground.
15744
Seismology is the study of seismic waves (shock waves) produced by earthquakes or explosions.
15745 Sekoto, Gerard (1913-1993), a South African artist, first achieved recognition in the 1940's for his vivid,
colourful paintings of township life.
15746 Selangor is a state on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
15747 Selby (pop. 88,300) is a local government district centred on the town of Selby in North Yorkshire,
England.
15748 Selection acts were a series of acts in Australia which sought to lessen the monopoly of the squatters,
who held large areas of land.
15749 Selene was the principal goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
15750 Selenium is a semimetallic chemical element.
15751 Seles, Monica (1973-...), became the number-one ranked woman tennis player in the world in 1991 at
the age of 17.
15752
Seleucid dynasty refers to a series of kings who ruled in southwest Asia from 312 to 64 B.C. Seleucus I,
a Macedonian general, had served under the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great.
15753 Seligman, Edwin Robert Anderson (1861-1939), was an American economist and a pioneer in public
finance.
15754 Seljuks were members of a ruling family of Turkic-speaking peoples who controlled much of
southwestern Asia from the mid-1000's to the mid-1200's.
15755 Selkirk, Alexander (1676-1721), was a Scotsman whose experiences as a castaway on a lonely island
inspired the story of Robinson Crusoe (see ROBINSON CRUSOE).
15756 Selkirk, Earl of (1771-1820), a Scottish colonizer, opened the Canadian West for settlement during the
early 1800's.
15757 Sellers, Peter (1925-1980), was a versatile British actor.
15758 Selvon, Samuel (1923-...), a Caribbean writer, became known for his tragicomic depiction of the poor
and outcast in Trinidad and the United Kingdom.
15759 Selwyn, George Augustus (1809-1878), was the first Anglican bishop of New Zealand.
15760 Selwyn Range is a series of low mountains in Queensland, Australia.
15761 Selye, Hans (1907-1982), was a Canadian scientist who became known for his concept of strains on the
body known as stress.
15762 Semantics, in logic, is the study of the conditions under which signs and symbols, including words, may
be said to be meaningful.
15763 Semaphore is a method of signalling with targets or flags.
15764 Semarang (pop. 1,026,671) is the capital and largest city of the province of Central Java.
15765 Semenov, Nikolai N. (1896-1986), was a Soviet scientist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for chemistry
with Sir Cyril Hinshelwood.
15766 Semiconductor is a material that conducts electricity better than insulators like glass, but not as well as
conductors like copper.
15767 Seminary is a college for training future clergy and lay leaders for churches or other religious
organizations.
15768 Semiramis was a mythical queen of Assyria.
15769 Semites are peoples who speak a Semitic language, such as Arabic or Hebrew.
15770 Semitic languages are among the world's oldest languages.
15771 Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp (1818-1865), was a Hungarian doctor who first used antiseptic methods
extensively in childbirth.
15772 Senate is one of the two lawmaking bodies of many legislatures.
15773 Sendak, Maurice (1928-...), is an American illustrator and writer of children's books.
15774
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (4 B.C.?-65 A.D.), was a Roman statesman, author, and Stoic philosopher.
15775 Senefelder, Alois (1771-1834), invented the process of lithography (see LITHOGRAPHY).
15776 Senegal is a country on the northwest coast of Africa.
15777 Senghor, Leopold Sedar (1906-...), was president of Senegal from 1960 to 1981.
15778
Senility is a general term used to describe certain mental problems that affect some elderly people.
15779 Senna da Silva, Ayrton (1960-1994), was one of the world's most successful Formula One car racing
drivers.
15780 Sennacherib (reigned 704-681 B.C.) was king of Assyria, in what is now northern Iraq.
15781 Sennett, Mack (1884-1960), was a pioneer film director and producer who became famous for his
slapstick silent comedies.
15782 Senses are the means by which many-celled animals tell what is happening in their environment.
15783 Sensitive plant is a small, spreading shrub that grows in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.
15784 Sensitivity training is a learning process designed to develop an individual's self-awareness and
sensitivity to other people and the environment.
15785 Sentence is a series of words arranged into a meaningful unit.
15786 Sentence is a penalty a person must pay if convicted in court of committing a crime.
15787 Seoul (pop. 9,645,932), is the capital and largest city of South Korea.
15788 Seow Yit Kin (1955-...), a Singapore musician, became the youngest competitor to win the British
Broadcasting Corporation piano competition at the age of 19.
15789 Sepik is a river in New Guinea that rises in the Victor Emanuel Range near the West Irian border.
15790 September is the ninth month of the year, according to the Gregorian calendar, which is used in almost
all the world today.
15791 Septuagint is the name of the oldest known written translation of the Hebrew Bible, called the Old
Testament in Christianity.
15792 Sequoia is a tree that ranks among the largest and oldest living things on earth.
15793
Sequoyah (1760?-1843), a Cherokee Indian, invented a system of writing for the Cherokee language.
15794 Serapis was a god who suddenly became popular in Egypt in the 300's B.C. The Ptolemaic rulers of
Egypt, beginning with Ptolemy I in 323 B.C., built an elaborate temple for Serapis and actively promoted
his cult throughout the Mediterranean world.
15795 Serbia is one of the two republics of Yugoslavia.
15796 Serenade is a musical composition that has both instrumental and vocal forms.
15797 Serf was a member of a large class of peasants that developed in the early Middle Ages mainly in
Europe.
15798 Serge is a fabric usually made from wool, rayon, cotton, or silk.
15799
Sergeant at arms is an officer who keeps order during the meetings of clubs and deliberative bodies.
15800 Series, in mathematics, is the sum of the terms of a sequence.
15801 Serkin, Rudolf (1903-1991), was a popular concert pianist.
15802 Serote, Mongane Wally (1944-...), is considered the most significant black South African poet to have
emerged during the 1970's.
15803 Serpentine is a mineral that contains magnesium and silicon.
15804
Serra, Junipero (1713-1784), was a Franciscan missionary who in 1769 founded the first mission in
present-day California, U.S.A. This mission, San Diego de Alcala, was built near what is now San Diego.
15805 Serum is the clear, fluid part of the blood that is left after a clot forms.
15806 Serval is a large wildcat that lives in Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope north to Senegal and the
Sudan.
15807 Server is a central computer that provides processing services or data to an interconnected group of
computers.
15808 Servetus, Michael (1511-1553), was a Spanish doctor and theologian.
15809 Service, James (1823-1899), an Australian political leader, became a leader of the federation movement
which led to the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.
15810 Service, Robert William (1874-1958), was a Canadian poet who wrote lively ballads about frontier life in
the Yukon Territory, for which he became known as "the Canadian Kipling".
15811 Service industries are the business firms and government and nonprofit organizations that produce
services rather than manufactured goods or agricultural products.
15812 Servius Tullius, the sixth of the seven legendary kings of Rome, reigned from 578 to 534 B.C. See
MYTHOLOGY.
15813 Servomechanism is a type of control system that detects and corrects errors.
15814 Sesame is a herb grown in tropical countries.
15815 Sesshu (1419-1506), a Buddhist monk, was the greatest Japanese landscape painter in the tradition of
Chinese ink drawing.
15816 Sessions, Roger (1896-1985), was an American composer and teacher.
15817 Set theory is a way of solving problems in mathematics and in logic (reasoning).
15818
Seth, also called Set, was an ancient Egyptian god of storms, violence, darkness, and desert land.
15819 Seti I (reigned about 1303-1290 B.C.) was a king of ancient Egypt.
15820 Setter is a long-haired hunting dog.
15821 Settlement, Act of, passed in England in 1701, vested the succession to the English crown in Sophia,
Electress of Hanover, and her Protestant heirs.
15822
Seurat, Georges (1859-1891), was a French artist who developed a system of painting called pointillism.
15823
Seuss, Dr. (1904-1991), was the pen name of Theodor Seuss Geisel, an American writer and illustrator.
15824 Sevastopol (pop. 335,000) lies on the Black Sea, in the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula in
Ukraine.
15825 Sevcik, Otakar, (1852-1934), was a Czech violinist and an eminent teacher.
15826 Seven seas is an ancient term describing all the seas and oceans of the world.
15827 Seven Sleepers of Ephesus were seven Christian youths in an old legend who were said to have fled to
the mountains near Ephesus in Asia Minor to escape the persecution of the Emperor Decius in about
A.D. 251.
15828
Seven Weeks' War, also called the Austro-Prussian War, took place between June and August of 1866.
15829 Seven Wise Men of Greece is the name scholars give to various sages who lived in Greece and Asia
Minor (now Turkey) in about 600 B.C. Plato and other Greek philosophers listed the names of the wise
men, but not all accounts agree.
15830 Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a listing of notable objects built between about 3000 B.C. and
A.D. 476.
15831 Seven Years' War (1756-1763) involved nearly every nation in Europe, and extended to America and
India.
15832 Sevenoaks (pop. 106,100) is a local government district in western Kent, England.
15833 Seventh-day Adventists are a Christian religious denomination.
15834 Severn, River, the longest river in the United Kingdom, rises in the upland area of Pumlumon
(Plynlymon), in central Wales, and flows about 350 kilometres to the Bristol Channel.
15835 Seville (pop. 668,356) is one of the leading centres of Spanish art, literature, and education.
15836 Sevres, Treaty of. At the close of World War I (1914-1918), the Turkish Ottoman Empire and the Allies
signed the Treaty of Sevres at Sevres, France.
15837 Sewage is water that contains waste matter produced by human beings.
15838 Seward, William Henry (1801-1872), served as United States secretary of state during the American
Civil War (1861-1865).
15839 Sewell, Anna (1820-1878), a British author, wrote Black Beauty (1877), a novel about a horse that
becomes injured and suffers abuse from a series of owners.
15840 Sewing is the process of attaching pieces of fabric together with a needle and thread.
15841 Sewing machine is a machine that uses a needle to bind materials together with thread.
15842 Sex is what makes males and females different from each other.
15843 Sex education is the study of the characteristics of being a male or a female.
15844 Sex ratio is the proportion of males to females in a population.
15845 Sextant is an optical instrument that measures the angular distance between any two points, such as the
sun and the horizon.
15846 Sexually transmitted disease, also called STD, is any disease spread primarily through intimate sexual
activity.
15847 Seychelles is an African country that consists of about 90 islands in the Indian Ocean.
15848 Seymour, Alan (1927-...), an Australian playwright, became known for his controversial play, The One
Day of the Year, which challenges Australian beliefs about the observance of Anzac Day.
15849 Seyss-Inquart, Arthur von (1892-1946), was the leading Austrian Nazi.
15850 Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874-1922), an Irish explorer, led a British expedition from the Ross Sea
that came within 180 kilometres of the south geographic pole in 1908 (see ANTARCTICA [Early
exploration]).
15851 Shad is the name of several species of herring-like fish.
15852 Shadow is the darkness that an object causes when it prevents light from shining on a surface.
15853 Shadow play is a kind of drama in which the figures of puppets or living actors are thrown in silhouette
on a screen.
15854 Shaffer, Peter Levin (1926-...), a British playwright and critic, won fame with his play Five Finger
Exercise (1958), in which he explored the hostilities between the various generations of a middle-class
family.
15855
Shaftesbury was the title of two statesmen who belonged to one of Britain's most famous families.
15856 Shah Jahan (1592-1666) was the fifth ruler of the Mughal Empire in India.
15857 Shahn, Ben (1898-1969), an American painter, tried through his art to communicate with people and
influence their thinking and emotions.
15858 Shaka (1787?-1828) was a Zulu warrior who became king of the Zulu in southern Africa.
15859 Shakers are members of a religious sect in the United States called the United Society of Believers in
Christ's Second Appearing.
15860 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), was an English playwright and poet.
15861 Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed by the compression of muds.
15862 Shallot is a vegetable that looks and tastes like an onion, but has a more delicate flavour.
15863 Shaman is a person considered to have certain powers that come from direct contact with the
supernatural, often in dreams or trances.
15864 Shamir, Yitzhak (1915-...), served as prime minister of Israel from October 1983 to September 1984 and
from October 1986 to July 1992.
15865 Shamrock is a type of small herb with leaves made up of three leaflets.
15866 Shang dynasty was the earliest known Chinese dynasty (family of rulers).
15867 Shanghai (pop. 8,205,598) is the largest city in China.
15868 Shankar, Ravi (1920-...), an Indian musician, became well known throughout the world for his inspired
playing of the sitar (see SITAR).
15869 Shankaracharya (A.D. 700?-750?), also known as Shankara, was a Hindu philosopher.
15870 Shannon, Monica (^^? ^^-1965), an American author, received the Newbery medal in 1935 for Dobry,
the story of a Bulgarian boy who longed to be an artist.
15871
Shannon, River, is the chief waterway of the Republic of Ireland and the longest river in the British Isles.
15872 Shapley, Harlow (1885-1972), was an American astronomer.
15873 Shar-pei is a breed of dog that originated in China about 200 B.C. It is also known as the Chinese sharpei.
15874 Sharaku was a great Japanese artist of the late 1700's.
15875 Sharif, Omar (1932-...), is the stage name of an Egyptian-born actor.
15876 Shark is a meat-eating fish and one of the most feared sea animals.
15877
Shark Bay is an inlet on the western coast of Western Australia, about 676 kilometres north of Perth.
15878 Sharland, William Thomas (1801-1877), a surveyor, planned many towns in Tasmania, Australia.
15879 Sharma, Shankar Dayal (1918-...), a Congress Party politician and lawyer, became president of India on
July 26, 1992.
15880 Sharp, Cecil (1859-1924), was one of the most important collectors of English folk music.
15881 Sharp, Granville (1735-1813), was a leader of the movement for the abolition of slavery in Britain.
15882
Shastri, Lal Bahadur (1904-1966), was India's second prime minister, serving from 1964 until his death.
15883 Shavuot is a Jewish festival that celebrates the day the Ten Commandments--the foundation of Jewish
written and oral law--were revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai.
15884 Shaw, George Bernard (1856-1950), an Irish-born dramatist, critic, and essayist, ranks as one of the
most important literary figures of the 1900's.
15885 Shaw, Irwin (1913-1984), was an American novelist, short-story writer, and dramatist.
15886
Shaw, Robert (1916-...), an American conductor, is one of the outstanding choral conductors of his time.
15887 Shaw, Runme (1901-1985), a Chinese film producer, headed the Shaw Brothers Organization.
15888 Shaw, Wilbur (1902-1954), was an American racing car driver.
15889 Shawnee Prophet (1775?-1837?) was a Shawnee Indian religious leader.
15890 Shay Gap is situated 200 kilometres east of Port Hedland in the Pilbara district in the northwest of
Western Australia.
15891 Shazar, Schneor Zalman (1889-1974), served as president of Israel from 1963 to 1973.
15892 Shearer, Alan (1970-...), an English football player, became one of the most prolific goalscorers in the
world.
15893 Sheares, Benjamin Henry (1907-1981), a distinguished doctor, served as second president of Singapore
from 1971 to 1978.
15894 Shearing is the removal of the fleece from a sheep or similar wool-bearing animal (see WOOL).
15895 Shearwater is the name of a group of sea birds that live in the oceans.
15896 Sheeler, Charles (1883-1965), was an American painter and photographer.
15897 Sheen, Fulton John (1895-1979), became one of the best-known spokesmen for the teachings of the
Roman Catholic Church in the world.
15898 Sheep are among the most important animals that people have tamed because they provide both food
and clothing.
15899 Sheepdog is any of a number of breeds of dogs that people use to herd other animals.
15900 Sheffield (pop. 500,500; met. area pop. 1,303,200) is an industrial city in north-central England.
15901
Sheik is an Arabic title referring either to an old and respected man or to the chief of a tribe or village.
15902 Shekel is the monetary unit of Israel.
15903 Shekhar, Chandra (1927-...), an Indian radical politician, served as prime minister of India from 1990 to
1991.
15904 Shelburne, Earl of (1737-1805), an Anglo-Irish nobleman, was prime minister of Britain in 1782 and
1783.
15905 Shelepin, Alexander Nikolaevich (1918-1994), was an important Communist Party official of the Soviet
Union from the 1950's to the mid-1970's.
15906 Shelest, Peter Yefimovich (1908-1996), was an important Communist Party official of the Soviet Union
from the 1960's to the mid-1970's.
15907 Shell. Many kinds of animals and plants have shells.
15908 Shellac is the liquid formed of resin flakes which have been dissolved in alcohol.
15909 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (1797-1851), was an English author.
15910 Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822) was one of the great English lyric poets.
15911 Shellharbour (pop. 46,297), is a developing urban area in New South Wales, Australia, about 105
kilometres south of Sydney, on the coast between Port Kembla and Kiama.
15912 Shelter is a structure or a natural feature that provides protection against bad weather, danger, or insect
pests.
15913 Shenyang (pop. 4,655,280), also called Mukden, is the capital of Liaoning Province in China.
15914
She-oaks include 70 species of shrubs and trees of the Western Pacific region, especially Australia.
15915 Shepard, Alan Bartlett, Jr. (1923-...), became the first American in space.
15916 Shepard, Ernest (1879-1976), was a British painter and illustrator.
15917 Shepard, Sam (1943-...), is an American playwright and film actor.
15918 Shepparton (pop. 31,171) is a city in Victoria, Australia.
15919 Shepway (pop. 89,200) is a local government area in England that includes a popular tourist area on the
Kent coast.
15920 Sher Shah Suri (1486?-1545) was an Afghan adventurer who ruled northern India in the early 1500's as
one of the Suri dynasty.
15921 Sheraton, Thomas (1751-1806), was an English furniture designer.
15922 Sheridan, Philip Henry (1831-1888), was a leading Union general in the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
15923 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley (1751-1816), was an Irish dramatist and politician.
15924
Sheriff and bailiff. In England and Wales, the high sheriff is the chief officer of the Crown in each county.
15925 Sherman, Forrest Percival (1896-1951), an American navy officer, became the U.S. Navy's youngest
chief of naval operations in 1949 at the age of 54.
15926 Sherman, John (1823-1900), was an American statesman.
15927 Sherman, Roger (1721-1793), was the only person who signed all four of the great documents of the
American Revolution: the Articles of Association (1774), the Declaration of Independence (1776), the
Articles of Confederation (1777), and the Constitut
15928 Sherman, William Tecumseh (1820-1891), was a leading Union general in the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
15929
Sherpas are a people who live mainly in the mountains of the Himalayan range in northeast Nepal.
15930 Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott (1861-1952), a British scientist, shared the 1932 Nobel Prize for
physiology and medicine with Edgar D. Adrian.
15931 Sherritt, Aaron (1857?-1880), an Australian, was described as "friend and bush telegraph of the Kelly
gang." He was killed by Joe Byrne, one of the gang.
15932 Sherwood, Robert Emmet (1896-1955), was an American playwright, journalist, and biographer who
stressed the evils of war in his writings.
15933 Sherwood Forest, in eastern England, is associated with the legendary hero Robin Hood.
15934 Shetland is a group of more than 100 islands that lie about 160 kilometres northeast of the Scottish
mainland.
15935 Shetland pony is one of the smallest breeds of horses.
15936 Shetland sheepdog is considered one of the most beautiful of all herding dogs.
15937 Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosiyevich (1928-...), was elected president of the country of Georgia in
1995 From 1992 to 1995 he served as chairman of Georgia's parliament.
15938
Shevchenko, Taras, (1814-1861), was a Ukrainian patriot who became Ukraine's most famous poet.
15939 Shi Huangdi, (259?-210 B.C.), also spelled Shih Huang-ti, was an emperor of China.
15940 Shiba inu is a small dog that originated thousands of years ago as a hunting dog in Japan.
15941 Shield was the chief means of personal protection in war from earliest times until the invention of
firearms during the 1300's.
15942 Shih Tzu is a breed of toy dog related to the Pekingese and Lhasa apso.
15943 Shiites are the followers of the Shiah division of Islam.
15944 Shillam, Leonard (1915-...), an Australian sculptor, is best known for his work Proclamation Figure,
which commemorates Queensland's centenary.
15945 Shilling was a coin in the British money system.
15946 Shingle-backed lizard derives its name from the large pine-cone-shaped scales on the upper surfaces of
its body.
15947 Shingles is a painful disease in which a rash with small clusters of blisters forms on the skin.
15948 Shinto is the oldest surviving religion of Japan.
15949 Shinty is a game played in Scotland.
15950
Shinwell, Emanuel (1884-1986), was a distinguished British Labour Party politician and statesman.
15951 Ship is one of the oldest and most important means of transportation.
15952 Ship, Model, is a small copy of a full-sized ship or boat.
15953 Ship money was a form of tax levied in England to provide ships for the Royal Navy.
15954 Shipton, Eric Earle (1907-1977), a Sri Lankan-born mountaineer, took part in several expeditions to
Mount Everest.
15955 Shipworm is a kind of marine mollusc that bores in wood.
15956 Shipwreck is the acciental destruction or loss of a ship.
15957 Shire was an administrative division of the Anglo-Saxon states of early England.
15958 Shiva is one of the two leading gods of Hinduism.
15959 Shivaji (1630-1680), a Hindu prince, founded the Maratha kingdom, in western India.
15960 Shoalhaven is a city on the Shoalhaven River on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia.
15961 Shock is a dangerous condition that can occur if the blood fails to circulate properly in the body.
15962 Shock absorber is a device that reduces shock or concussion.
15963 Shock treatment is a type of therapy for patients with serious mental illnesses.
15964 Shoe is an outer covering for the foot.
15965 Shoebill is a large bird that many scientists believe is related to the stork.
15966
Shoemaker, Bill (1931-...), an American jockey, ranks among the greatest jockeys in the United States.
15967 Shogun was the title of the greatest of the Japanese feudal lords.
15968 Sholes, Christopher Latham (1819-1890), an American inventor and journalist, helped develop the first
practical typewriter.
15969 Sholokhov, Mikhail (1905-1984), was a Soviet writer.
15970 Sholom Aleichem (1859-1916) was the pen name of Solomon Rabinowitz, the most widely read of all
Yiddish writers.
15971 Shooting is a popular sport in many countries.
15972 Shopping centre is a group of retail outlets and business and professional offices built and managed as
a unit.
15973 Shoran, an abbreviation for short range navigation, is an electronic system used for short-range aerial
navigation.
15974 Shore, Peter David (1924-...), a British Labour politician, was secretary of state for the environment from
1976 to 1979.
15975 Short story is a work of fiction that is shorter than a novel or novelette.
15976 Short waves are radio waves that have wavelengths shorter than those of waves used in medium wave
broadcast transmissions.
15977
Shorthand is a method of writing rapidly, using symbols or letters to represent the sounds of words.
15978 Shorthand machine is used to record speech rapidly and accurately.
15979
Shostakovich, Dimitri (1906-1975), was the most important Russian composer whose musical education
and career took place entirely in the Soviet Union (see UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS).
15980 Shot-put is a test of strength in athletics.
15981 Shot tower is a structure used to make small shot for firearms.
15982 Shotgun is a shoulder gun that fires a cartridge that contains a powder charge and a load of metal
pellets, called shot.
15983 Shotoku, Prince (573-621), was a Japanese statesman and religious scholar.
15984 Shoulder is the part of a person's body between the neck and the arm.
15985
Shoup, George Laird (1836-1904), was the first governor of the state of Idaho in the United States.
15986 Shove-halfpenny is an indoor game for two players or two teams.
15987 Shoveler, also called spoonbill, is a small duck of the Northern Hemisphere with a long spoon-shaped
bill.
15988 Showjumping is a competitive horseriding sport.
15989 Shrapnel was a type of artillery shell invented by Lieutenant (later, Lieutenant General) Henry Shrapnel
(1761-1842).
15990 Shrew is a small animal that looks like a sharp-nosed mouse.
15991
Shrewsbury, Battle of (1403), ended the revolt that Sir Henry Percy led to dethrone Henry IV of England.
15992 Shrewsbury and Atcham (pop. 90,900) is a local government district in Shropshire, England.
15993 Shrewsbury School, founded by King Edward VI in 1552, ranks as one of England's famous public
schools.
15994
Shrike is a bird that can be recognized by its strong, slightly hooked beak, and by its habit of thrusting
grasshoppers, mice, and smaller birds onto thorns, barbs, or twigs, much as a butcher hangs meat.
15995 Shrimp are delicate shellfish related to crabs and lobsters.
15996 Shrine is an object or place sacred to a religion.
15997
Shropshire (pop. 401,600) is an English county in the western Midlands, on the border with Wales.
15998 Shroud of Turin is a linen cloth that many people believe was the burial cloth of Jesus Christ.
15999 Shrove Tuesday is the day before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent.
16000 Shrub is one of the four main groups of plants in terms of size and form.
16001 Shuard, Amy (1924-1975), was one of the finest English dramatic sopranos.
16002 Shuffleboard is a game played on a flat, smooth, surface.
16003 Shulevitz, Uri (1935-...), a book illustrator, won the 1969 Caldecott Medal for his illustrations for The Fool
of the World and the Flying Ship.
16004 Shultz, George Pratt (1920-...), served as secretary of state in the administration of President Ronald
Reagan from 1982 to 1989.
16005 Shute, Nevil (1899-1960), was a British writer of best-selling novels of tension and adventure.
16006 Siamese twins, also called conjoined twins, are twins joined at some point of their bodies.
16007 Siazon, Domingo (1939-...), is minister of foreign affairs of the Philippines, a post he has held since
1995.
16008 Sibelius, Jean (1865-1957), was a Finnish composer.
16009 Siberia is a vast, thinly populated region in northern Asia.
16010 Siberian husky is an Arctic sledge dog.
16011 Sibley, Antoinette (1939-...), is a British ballet dancer.
16012
Sibyl was the name ancient Romans gave to any aged woman who could supposedly foretell the future.
16013 Sicilies, Kingdom of the Two, was the name of an early kingdom of Italy.
16014 Sicily (pop. 4,863,587) is an Italian island in the central Mediterranean Sea.
16015 Sickert, Walter Richard (1860-1942), was a German-born artist whose technical brilliance and bold style
had a great influence on painting in the United Kingdom.
16016 Sickle cell disease, also known as sickle cell anaemia, is a hereditary blood disease that occurs chiefly
among black people.
16017 Siddons, Sarah Kemble (1755-1831), was one of England's greatest tragic actresses.
16018 Sidereal time measures the rotation of the earth in relation to the stars.
16019 Sidgwick, Henry (1838-1900), was a British philosopher and teacher.
16020 Sidney, Sir Philip (1554-1586), was an author, courtier, and soldier during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I
of England.
16021 Sidon was an important manufacturing and port city in ancient Phoenicia.
16022 Sieben, Jon (1966-...), an Australian swimmer, won a gold medal in the 200-metre butterfly event at the
Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. in 1984.
16023 Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg (1886-1978), a Swedish physicist, received the 1924 Nobel Prize for
physics for his work with X rays and a method of analysis called X-ray spectroscopy.
16024 Siegfried was a legendary hero in medieval German literature.
16025
Siegfried Line was the name of two fortified lines of defence established by Germany in the 1900's.
16026 Siemens is the family name of two brothers from Germany who were inventors and industrialists.
16027 Siena (pop. 61,888) lies in the hills of Tuscany near Florence, Italy.
16028 Sienkiewicz, Henryk (1846-1916), was a popular Polish novelist.
16029 Sierra Leone is a small country on Africa's western "bulge," north of the equator.
16030 Sierra Madre, is the name of three mountain ranges in Mexico.
16031 Sieve of Eratosthenes is a method developed by the Greek mathematician Eratosthenes for identifying
prime numbers.
16032 Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph (1748-1836), popularly known as Abbe Sieyes, helped start the French
Revolution with his booklet, What Is the Third Estate? In this booklet, published in 1789, Sieyes insisted
that the people should have a voice in government
16033 Sigismund (1368-1437) was Holy Roman emperor from 1410 until his death.
16034 Sign language is a language of gestures and hand symbols.
16035 Signalling is one way of passing information from one person or place to another.
16036 Signorelli, Luca di Egidio di Ventura de (1450?-1523), was one of the great Italian painters during the
Renaissance.
16037 Sigsbee, Charles Dwight (1845-1923), was an American naval officer.
16038 Sigurd is the Scandinavian name for the legendary German hero Siegfried.
16039 Sikhism is one of the religions of India.
16040 Sikkim is a state in northeast India.
16041 Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich (1889-1972), an aircraft designer and manufacturer, was a pioneer in the
development of multiengine aeroplanes, helicopters, and transoceanic flying boats.
16042 Silang, Diego (1730?-1763), a Filipino patriot, became the hero of the people of Ilocos province on the
northern Philippine island of Luzon, when he led a revolt against Spanish rule in 1762.
16043 Silbury Hill, in Wiltshire, England, is the largest mound made by ancient people in Europe.
16044 Silchester is a village in northern Hampshire, England.
16045 Silencer is a device that greatly reduces the exhaust noise of an engine.
16046 Silesia is a region in southwestern Poland, eastern Germany, and the northern part of the Czech
Republic.
16047 Silica is silicon dioxide, a chemical compound consisting of silicon and oxygen.
16048 Silica gel is a sandlike substance widely used as a demoisturizer.
16049
Silicate is any of a group of minerals that contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metallic elements.
16050 Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si.
16051 Silicone is any of a group of synthetic materials.
16052 Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust.
16053 Silk is a strong, shiny fibre (threadlike substance) that is used to make cloth.
16054 Silk-screen printing is a printmaking technique in which ink or paint is forced through a piece of silk onto
paper or other material.
16055 Silky oak is a fast-growing, handsome, Australian tree that grows in dry subtropical forests of New South
Wales and Queensland.
16056 Silky terrier is a toy dog developed about 1900 in Sydney, Australia.
16057 Silliman, Benjamin (1779-1864), a leading American educator and scientist, founded the American
Journal of Science in 1818.
16058 Sillimanite is an uncommon substance that belongs to the large class of minerals known as silicates (see
SILICA).
16059 Sillitoe, Alan (1928-...), a British author and playwright, became famous with his first novel, Saturday
Night and Sunday Morning (1958), about working-class life.
16060 Sills, Beverly (1929-...), an American singer, became one of the great operatic sopranos of the mid-
1900's.
16061 Silo is a storage bin for chopped green plants used as livestock feed.
16062 Silt is a fine-grained or muddy material made up of tiny particles of rock that settle at the bottom of rivers
and other bodies of water.
16063 Silver is a chemical element.
16064 Silver nitrate is a chemical used in medicine and industry.
16065 Silvereye, or white-eye is a small, greenish bird with white rings around its eyes.
16066 Silverfish is a small, wingless insect found in cool, damp places.
16067 Simcoe, John Graves (1752-1806), was a British soldier and the first lieutenant governor of Upper
Canada.
16068 Simenon, Georges (1903-1989), a Belgian-born author, created the fictional detective Jules Maigret, an
inspector with the Paris police force.
16069 Simhat Torah is a Jewish festival of rejoicing in the Torah, or Law.
16070 Simile is a figure of speech used in describing or explaining something.
16071 Simon, Viscount (1873-1954), John Allsebrook, was a noted lawyer and politician.
16072 Simon, Sir Francis Eugene (1893-1956), a German-born physicist, specialized in low-temperature
research.
16073 Simon, Neil (1927-...), is an American playwright.
16074 Simon, Paul (1942-...), an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist, and his childhood friend Art
Garfunkel, formed one of the most popular folk-rock groups of the 1960's.
16075 Simon, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
16076
Simonds, Viscount (1881-1971), Gavin Turnbull Simonds, was an English judge and privy councillor.
16077
Simone Martini (1285?-1344), an Italian painter, was born in Siena, a leading art centre of the 1300's.
16078 Simonides of Ceos, (556?-469? B.C.), was a Greek lyric poet.
16079 Simonstown (pop. 5,130) is a town and naval base situated on Simon's Bay, which is part of False Bay
near Cape Town in South Africa.
16080 Simont, Marc (1915-...), is an American artist.
16081 Simplon Pass and Tunnel are important gateways through the Swiss Alps.
16082 Simpson, Bobby (1936-...), an Australian cricketer, was captain of Australia in 39 tests.
16083
Simpson, O. J. (1947-...), ranks as one of the greatest running backs in the history of American football.
16084 Simpson, Sir George (1878-1965), a British meteorologist, was noted for his research into electricity in
the earth's atmosphere.
16085 Simpson, Sir James Young (1811-1870), a Scottish doctor, specialized in obstetrics, the medical
treatment of childbirth.
16086 Simpson and his donkey became famous for helping wounded Allied soldiers during the Anzac landing
at Gallipoli during World War I (1914-1918).
16087 Simpson Desert lies on the border of Queensland, South Australia, and the Northern Territory.
16088 Sin, Jaime Cardinal (1928-...), Roman Catholic archbishop of Manila, made a lasting contribution to the
history of the Philippines.
16089 Sinai is the mountain on which Moses received the Decalogue (Ten Commandments) and learned much
of the Hebraic law.
16090 Sinai Peninsula is the part of Egypt that lies east of the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez, and borders
western Israel.
16091 Sinatra, Frank (1915-...), ranks among the most famous singers in the history of popular music.
16092 Sinclair, Sir Clive Marles (1940-...), a British company director, was a pioneer in the development and
manufacture of microelectronic equipment.
16093 Sinclair, Harry Ford (1876-1956) was an American oil producer and refiner.
16094 Sinclair, Upton (1878-1968), was an American writer and reformer.
16095 Sing Sing is the name of a state prison in Ossining, New York, U.S.A. From 1970 to 1983, it was called
Ossining Correctional Facility.
16096 Singapore is a small island country in Southeast Asia.
16097 Singer, Isaac Bashevis (1904-1991), a Polish-born author, won the 1978 Nobel Prize for literature.
16098 Singer, Isaac Merrit (1811-1875), an American inventor and manufacturer, did more than anyone else to
make the sewing machine a universal household appliance.
16099 Singh, Vishwanath Pratap (1931-...), was prime minister of India from 1989 to 1990.
16100 Singing is the production of musical tones by the human voice with or without words.
16101 Singsing is a Pidgin word used loosely to describe a dance, usually accompanied by group singing, in
Papua New Guinea (see PIDGIN).
16102 Sinn Fein is an Irish nationalist political party that played an important part in achieving an independent
Irish republic.
16103 Sintering is the process of making metal parts from powdered metals.
16104 Sinus is a cavity in the bodies of animals, including human beings.
16105 Siphon is a simple device for carrying a liquid from one level to a lower level.
16106 Siple, Paul Allman (1908-1968), was an American Antarctic explorer and geographer.
16107 Siren is a device used to sound warning signals.
16108 Sirenia is the name of an order (group) of water mammals related to elephants and hyraxes.
16109 Sirens were sea nymphs in Greek mythology who lived on an island.
16110 Sirex wasp is a large, metallic-blue wasp that attacks radiata pines and other cone-bearing trees in
Tasmania and southeastern Australia.
16111 Sirius, also called the Dog Star, is the brightest star that can be seen from the earth at night.
16112 Sirius was the escorting vessel of the First Fleet, which took Governor Arthur Phillip with a company of
marines and about 700 convicts from England to Australia to found the penal colony of New South
Wales.
16113 Sirocco is the Italian name for a warm wind that blows northward from the hot, dry Sahara or Arabian
Desert.
16114 Sisal is the name for two tropical plants with swordlike leaves that yield a valuable fibre.
16115 Siskin is a small bird about 11 centimetres long.
16116 Sisley, Alfred (1839-1899), was an impressionist artist best known for his landscape paintings.
16117 Sisters of Charity are members of several Roman Catholic religious communities of women.
16118 Sisters of Mercy are members of a Roman Catholic order of nuns.
16119 Sistine Chapel is a famous chapel in the palace of the Vatican in Rome.
16120 Sisulu is the family name of two prominent black political leaders of South Africa.
16121 Sisyphus was the founder of the city of Corinth in Greek mythology.
16122 Sitar is a stringed instrument that originated in India or Persia.
16123 Sitting Bull (1834?-1890) was a famous medicine man and leader of the American Hunkpapa Sioux
Indians.
16124 Sitwell, Dame Edith (1887-1964), was an English poet, critic, and biographer.
16125 Sixtus IV (1414-1484) was among the most notorious of the Renaissance popes.
16126 Sixtus V (1520-1590) was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1585.
16127 Skagerrak is an arm of the North Sea.
16128 Skald, the Icelandic word for poet, refers to the Scandinavian poets of the Middle Ages.
16129 Skate is the name of a group of fish that have flattened bodies, very large pectoral (side) fins, and thin,
whip-like tails.
16130 Skateboard is a small board mounted on four wheels and ridden in the sport of skateboarding.
16131 Skeat, Walter William (1835-1912), an English scholar, edited many works in Anglo-Saxon and Middle
English literature.
16132 Skeet is an American form of clay target shooting.
16133 Skeleton is the flexible, bony framework of any vertebrate animal.
16134 Skelton, John (1460?-1529), was a great satirist during the early part of the reign of the House of Tudor
in England.
16135 Skew line, in advanced geometry, is a line in space that neither runs parallel to another line nor
intersects another line.
16136 Skiing is the act of gliding over snow on long, narrow runners called skis.
16137 Skimmer, also called scissorbill, is a bird related to the gulls and terns.
16138 Skin is the organ that covers the bodies of human beings and many other animals.
16139 Skin diving is the act of going underwater while holding the breath or while breathing from tanks of
compressed air.
16140 Skin grafting is a surgical method of replacing skin to cover wounds on the body's surface.
16141 Skink is any of a large group of small lizards that live in mild and tropical regions.
16142 Skinner, B. F. (1904-1990), was an American psychologist.
16143 Skopje (pop. 503,449) is the capital of Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe.
16144 Skua, also known as great skua, is a bird of prey that lives for much of the year over the ocean.
16145 Skull is the bony frame of the head of human beings and other animals with backbones.
16146 Skunk is a small furry animal with distinctive black and white markings.
16147
Skunk cabbage is a soft-stemmed plant found in low swamps in eastern and central North America.
16148 Sky is the region of space visible from the earth.
16149 Skydiving is a sport in which one or more people jump from an aeroplane and fall freely before opening a
parachute.
16150 Skye, Isle of, is a scenic island off the western coast of Scotland.
16151 Skye and Lochalsh (pop. 12,541) is a local government district in the western part of Highland Region,
Scotland.
16152 Skye terrier is one of the oldest terrier breeds.
16153 Skyscraper is the name given to the world's tallest buildings.
16154 Slag is the nonmetallic material removed in the process of making pig iron, and in smelting copper, lead,
and other metals.
16155 Slander is a spoken untruth that injures a person's reputation.
16156 Slaney is a river in the Republic of Ireland.
16157
Slang is an informal kind of language in which words and phrases are used in new or unusual ways.
16158 Slate is a fine-grained rock that can easily be split into thin, durable sheets.
16159
Slater, Samuel (1768-1835), a British textile worker, founded the textile industry in the United States.
16160 Slavery is a practice in which people own other people.
16161 Slavic countries are nations where most of the people are Slavs (see SLAVS).
16162 Slavs are any of several groups of peoples, most of whom live in eastern Europe.
16163 Sled dog is a dog used to pull sleds across snow and ice in northern regions.
16164 Sledge, or sled, is a vehicle that has parallel runners instead of wheels, so that it can move easily over
ice or snow.
16165 Sleep is a period of rest during which the sleeper loses awareness of his or her surroundings.
16166
Sleeping sickness is a disease that attacks the nervous system and often results in a prolonged sleep.
16167 Sleepwalking, also called somnambulism, is a condition during which a partly awakened sleeper
performs various physical activities.
16168 Sleet consists of transparent, solid grains of ice that are smaller than 5 millimetres in diameter.
16169 Slessor, Kenneth (1901-1971), one of Australia's most important modern poets, was foremost in bringing
modernity into Australian poetry after a strongly nationalistic period.
16170 Slessor, Mary (1848-1915), a Scottish missionary, spent most of her life working on the Calabar coast of
Nigeria, in Africa.
16171 Slieve Bloom is a range of mountains in Ireland.
16172 Slieve Donard is the highest peak in the Mourne Mountains in Down, in Northern Ireland.
16173 Sligo is a county in the province of Connacht in the northwest of the Republic of Ireland.
16174 Sligo (pop. 17,285) is the county town of the county of Sligo in western Ireland.
16175 Slim, William (1891-1970), was a British army commander in World War II (1939-1945).
16176 Slime mould is a tiny, simple fungus that usually grows on decaying wood and moist soil.
16177 Sling is one of the most ancient of weapons.
16178 Slipperwort is the name of several evergreen plants whose blossoms are shaped somewhat like
slippers.
16179 Sloan, Alfred Pritchard, Jr. (1875-1966), an American industrialist, pioneered the development of roller
bearings for automobiles.
16180 Sloane, Sir Hans (1660-1753), was an Irish-born doctor and botanist.
16181
Slobodkin, Louis (1903-1975), was an American sculptor and author-illustrator of children's books.
16182 Sloe, also called blackthorn, is a spiny, branching shrub related to the plum.
16183 Slot machine is a device that works when a coin is dropped into a special slot.
16184 Sloth is the common name of a family of South American animals which have a slow and peculiar way of
moving about.
16185 Sloth bear is a big, shaggy animal with a mane of fur around its neck and shoulders.
16186 Slouch hats were universally adopted for the Australian Commonwealth forces in 1903.
16187 Slough is an industrial town in Berkshire, England.
16188 Slovakia is a country in central Europe that became independent on Jan. 1, 1993.
16189 Slovaks are a Slavic people who make up most of the population of Slovakia.
16190
Slovenia is a small, mountainous country in central Europe that declared its independence in 1991.
16191 Slovo, Joe (1926-1995), was a South African politician.
16192 Slug is a kind of snail.
16193 Smallpox was the first disease conquered by human beings.
16194 Smart, Jeffrey (1921-...), an Australian artist, became known for his smoothly painted canvases with
figures that leave a haunting impression of silent anguish.
16195 Smeaton, John (1724-1792), a British engineer, designed the third Eddystone lighthouse off the English
coast.
16196 Smell is one of the most important and basic senses in animals and human beings.
16197 Smelling salts are used to relieve faintness and headaches.
16198 Smelt is a family of silvery fishes found in cool waters of the Northern Hemisphere.
16199 Smelting is a method by which metals are taken from their original ore.
16200 Smetana, Bedrich (1824-1884), was a Czech composer.
16201 Smilax is a group of woody or herbaceous vines with hardy, tuberous roots and veined evergreen
leaves.
16202
Smiles, Samuel (1812-1904), was a British reformer and an advocate of self-education and self-reliance.
16203 Smith was the family name of two Australian brothers who made the first flight between the United
Kingdom (UK) and Australia.
16204 Smith, Adam (1723-1790), is generally regarded as the founder of modern economics.
16205 Smith, Bessie (1894-1937), became one of the finest blues singers in the history of jazz.
16206 Smith, Fanny Cochrane (1834-1905), was probably the last of the tribal Aborigines of Tasmania,
Australia.
16207 Smith, Francis Graham (1923-...), became the United Kingdom's Astronomer Royal in 1982.
16208 Smith, Ian Douglas (1919-...), served as prime minister of Rhodesia--which is now called Zimbabwe--
from 1964 to 1978.
16209 Smith, James (1827-1897), known as Philosopher Smith, discovered the rich tin mine at Mt. Bischoff in
the Australian island state of Tasmania in 1871.
16210 Smith, James (1897-1968), a South African expert on fish, was the first person to identify the coelacanth
as a living species.
16211 Smith, John (1580?-1631), was an English soldier and adventurer.
16212 Smith, John (1938-1994), a British politician, was leader of the Labour Party from 1992 until his death in
1994.
16213 Smith, Joseph (1805-1844), was the founder and first president of the Mormon Church, officially called
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
16214 Smith, Sir Matthew (1879-1959), was a British artist who became noted for his use of vivid colours
applied liberally.
16215 Smith, Sydney (1771-1845), a British clergyman and writer, was a well-known wit.
16216 Smith, Sir William (1813-1893), was a British editor and scholar famed for his dictionaries.
16217 Smith, Theobald (1859-1934), was an American investigator of diseases in both human beings and
domestic animals.
16218 Smith, William (1769-1839), a British geologist and engineer, discovered how to recognize rock
formations by their fossils.
16219 Smith Act, or Alien Registration Act of 1940, makes it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the
United States government or to belong knowingly to a group advocating it.
16220 Smithfield Market is the distributing centre for London's meat.
16221 Smithson, James (1765-1829), a British scientist, founded the Smithsonian Institution in the United
States.
16222 Smithsonian Institution is an American, federally chartered nonprofit corporation of scientific,
educational, and cultural interests.
16223 Smog is a form of air pollution.
16224 Smoke consists of finely divided solid and liquid particles that are suspended (held) in a gas.
16225 Smoke detector, also called smoke alarm, is a device used in homes and other buildings to warn people
of smoke or a fire.
16226 Smoking is drawing tobacco smoke from a cigarette, cigar, or pipe into the mouth--and often into the
lungs--and puffing it out.
16227 Smollett, Tobias George (1721-1771), was one of the great early English novelists.
16228 Smoot, Reed (1862-1941), was an American political and religious leader.
16229 Smooth fox terrier is a small, alert dog originally bred for use in fox hunts.
16230 Smuggling is the illegal transportation of people or goods into or out of a country or area.
16231 Smut is the name of a group of related fungi that live as parasites in certain plants and cause diseases in
them.
16232 Smuts, Jan Christiaan (1870-1950), was a South African soldier, scholar, and statesman.
16233
Smyth, Dame Ethel (1858-1944), was one of the first women to distinguish herself as a composer.
16234
Smythe, Francis Sydney (1900-1949), was a noted British mountaineer, author, and photographer.
16235 Smythe, Pat (1928-1996), established herself as one of the best horsewomen and showjumping riders in
the United Kingdom (UK).
16236 Snail is an animal whose soft body is usually covered with a coiled shell.
16237 Snake is an animal with a long, legless body covered by dry scales.
16238 Snake charming is an ancient form of entertainment in northern Africa, and in India, Pakistan, and other
parts of southern Asia.
16239 Snake River is the chief branch of the Columbia River, in the U.S.A. It rises in Wyoming near the
Continental Divide in Yellowstone National Park.
16240
Snakebite. Snakes are naturally shy animals and only bite people if disturbed or trodden on by mistake.
16241 Snakeroot is the name of several very different flowering plants that grow in prairies and woodlands of
North America.
16242 Snapdragon is a group of hardy plants with colourful flowers.
16243 Snapper is any of about 185 species of food fishes that live in tropical parts of the Pacific and Atlantic
oceans.
16244 Snead, Sam (1912-...), an American golfer, claimed a total of 165 tournament victories.
16245 Sneezewort is a hardy perennial plant that grows in damp fields and along roadsides in Europe, Asia,
and North America.
16246 Sneezing is a sudden and violent rush of air out through the nose and mouth.
16247 Snell, Peter (1938-...), was one of the world's greatest middle-distance runners.
16248 Snipe is the name of a group of shore birds related to sandpipers, curlews, and plovers.
16249 Sniperscope is an electronic device with which a rifle can be aimed accurately in the dark.
16250 Snoring is a rough, broken sound made during sleep.
16251 Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) was a great medieval Icelandic poet and historian.
16252 Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan (1857-1936), was the greatest Dutch scholar on Islam.
16253 Snow is a form of precipitation that consists of masses of tiny ice crystals.
16254
Snow, C. P. (1905-1980), was an Englishman of many talents who was most famous as a novelist.
16255 Snow blindness is a temporary decrease in vision caused by bright sunlight reflected from snow.
16256 Snow bunting is a sparrowlike bird of northern North America.
16257 Snow leopard, also called ounce, is a beautiful member of the cat family.
16258 Snow line is the lower edge of the permanent snow fields found on upper mountain slopes.
16259 Snowdon is a mountain in Gwynedd, Wales.
16260 Snowdrop is the name of a plant in the amaryllis family.
16261 Snowmobile is a motorized sledge that carries one or two people over ice and snow.
16262 Snowshoe is a device that enables a person to walk over deep snow without sinking into it.
16263 Snowshoe hare is a medium-sized hare that lives in North America.
16264 Snowy is a river in southeastern New South Wales and eastern Victoria, Australia.
16265 Snowy Mountains are the highest part of the Australian Alps, in southeastern New South Wales and
northeastern Victoria.
16266
Snowy Mountains Scheme is an immense hydroelectric and irrigation project in southeast Australia.
16267 Snuff is a moist or dry powder made from the leaves of the tobacco plant.
16268 Soames, Lord (1920-1987), a British Conservative politician, was lord president of the council from 1979
to 1981.
16269 Soane, Sir John (1753-1837), a British architect, was appointed architect to the Bank of England in
1788.
16270 Soap plant is a tall herb found in the Southwestern United States.
16271 Soap sculpture is the art of cutting away portions of a bar of soap to create a raised design or a
sculptured figure.
16272 Soapberry is the name of 13 species of trees or shrubs found in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia
and North and South America, and on islands in the Pacific Ocean.
16273 Soapstone, also known as steatite, is a soft rock composed mostly of the mineral talc.
16274 Sobers, Sir Garfield (1936-...), a West Indian cricketer, became one of the greatest all-rounders in the
history of the game.
16275 Social change refers to any significant change in the structure of society.
16276 Social class is a group of people in a society that have about the same social standing.
16277 Social Darwinism is the belief that people in society compete for survival and that superior individuals,
social groups, and races become powerful and wealthy.
16278 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) is a political party formed in Northern Ireland in August
1970.
16279 Social Democratic Party (SDP) was a British political party that existed between 1981 and 1990.
16280
Social psychology is the study of the psychological basis of people's relationships with one another.
16281 Social role is a set of relationships between a person and members of his or her circle.
16282 Social science. Scholars generally identify three categories of knowledge: (1) the natural sciences and
mathematics, (2) the humanities, and (3) the social sciences.
16283 Social studies is a programme of study in schools.
16284
Social welfare concerns public programmes that help people achieve a degree of economic security.
16285 Social work is a profession that includes a wide range of social services and programmes.
16286 Socialism is an economic system, a political movement, and a social theory.
16287 Socialization, in the behavioural sciences, refers to the complex process by which individuals come to
learn and perform behaviour expected of them by society.
16288 Society Islands is a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
16289 Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis for the social behaviour of human beings and other
animals.
16290 Sociology is the study of the individuals, groups, and institutions that make up human society.
16291 Socrates (469?-399 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher and teacher.
16292 Soda is the common name for a group of compounds that contain sodium.
16293 Soddy, Frederick (1877-1956), was a British chemist who worked on atomic structure.
16294 Soderblom, Nathan (1866-1931), a Swedish archbishop and professor, was a leader of the ecumenical
movement among the churches of the world.
16295 Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na.
16296 Sodium hydroxide, also called caustic soda, is an important industrial chemical.
16297 Sodom and Gomorrah were two Biblical cities located near the River Jordan.
16298 Sofia (pop. 1,056,945; met. area pop. 1,142,582) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria, and the
country's chief economic and cultural centre.
16299
Soft-coated wheaten terrier is a breed of dog that originated in County Kerry, in the Republic of Ireland.
16300 Soft drink is a flavoured, nonalcoholic beverage prepared with carbonated water.
16301 Softball is a popular game played by more than 30 million people worldwide.
16302 Soil is an important natural resource that covers much of the earth's land surface.
16303 Soke was an organization of land-owning peasants that had its origins in the Danish conquests of central
England in the A.D. 800's.
16304 Sokolova, Lydia (1896-1974), was the first British ballerina to perform with Sergei Diaghilev's ballet
company in Russia (see DIAGHILEV, SERGEI PAVLOVICH).
16305 Solander, Daniel Charles (1736-1782), was a Swedish naturalist.
16306 Solanum is an important group of plants that belong to the nightshade family.
16307 Solar energy is energy given off by the sun.
16308
Solar plexus is a common name for the coeliac plexus, a network of nerves in the back of the stomach.
16309 Solar system consists of a star called the sun and all the objects that travel around it.
16310 Solar wind is a continuous flow of gases from the sun.
16311 Solder is a metal alloy used to join metal surfaces together (see ALLOY).
16312 Sole is the name of a family of flatfishes which have twisted skulls so that both eyes are on the same
side of the body.
16313 Solenodon is a rare animal that looks like a long-nosed rat.
16314 Solent is the channel off the south coast of England that separates the northwestern side of the Isle of
Wight from Hampshire.
16315 Soleri, Paolo (1919-...), is an Italian-born architect and urban planner.
16316
Solid, in mathematics, is a geometric figure with the three dimensions of length, breadth, and thickness.
16317 Solid-state physics, also called condensed-matter physics, deals with the physical properties of solid
materials.
16318 Solihull (pop. 195,100) is a metropolitan area in West Midlands, England.
16319 Solitaire is a board game of French origin.
16320 Solomon (?-922? B.C.) was the third king of ancient Israel.
16321 Solomon Islands is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean.
16322 Solomon Islands are a chain of islands in the South Pacific Ocean.
16323 Solomon's-seal is a hardy plant that grows in the temperate zones of Asia and North America.
16324 Solon (639?-559? B.C.) was a famous lawmaker.
16325 Solstice is one of the two moments each year when the sun is at either its northernmost or southernmost
position.
16326 Solti, Sir Georg (1912-1997), was a leading symphony orchestra and opera conductor.
16327 Solution is a mixture of two or more individual substances that cannot be separated by a mechanical
means, such as filtration.
16328 Solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution.
16329 Solway Firth is an inlet of the Irish Sea on the west coast of Scotland.
16330 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander (1918-...), is a Russian novelist.
16331 Somalia is the easternmost country on the mainland of Africa.
16332 Somare, Michael (1936-...), leader of the Pangu Party, served as chief minister of Papua New Guinea
from 1972 to 1975.
16333 Somerset is a county in southwestern England, bordering on the Bristol Channel.
16334 Somerset, Duke of (1506?-1552), Edward Seymour, was a brother of Jane Seymour, the third wife of
Henry VIII of England.
16335 Somerset, Lord Charles Henry (1767-1831), was appointed governor of the Cape of Good Hope, South
Africa, in 1814.
16336
Somerset House was one of the first buildings in Britain designed specifically to house public offices.
16337 Somes, Michael (1917-1994), won fame as a dancer with the Sadler's Wells Ballet (now the Royal
Ballet).
16338 Somme River lies in northern France.
16339 Somoza Garcia, Anastasio (1896-1956), was a Nicaraguan dictator who ruled his country for 20 years
before he was assassinated in 1956.
16340 Sonar is a device that uses sound energy to locate objects; measure their distance, direction, and
speed; and even produce pictures of them.
16341 Sonata is an instrumental composition that consists of several movements.
16342 Sondheim, Stephen (1930-...), is an American composer and lyric writer who won fame for his musical
comedies.
16343 Song is a musical composition usually sung by a solo voice.
16344 Song dynasty also spelled Sung, ruled China from 960 to 1279.
16345 Song of Hiawatha is a narrative poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
16346 Song of Solomon is a poetic book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
16347
Songhai Empire was a black trading state in Africa that reached its peak in the 1400's and 1500's.
16348
Sonic boom is a loud noise caused by an object--usually an aeroplane--flying at a supersonic speed.
16349 Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines with a fixed pattern of metre and rhyme.
16350 Sonometer is an instrument used to study the mathematical relations of musical tones.
16351 Sontag, Susan (1933-...), is an American essayist and novelist.
16352 Soo Canals permit ships to pass between Lakes Superior and Huron.
16353 Soong Ching-ling (1890-1981) was a prominent figure in the Chinese Communist government.
16354 Soot is a black or dark brown substance found in smoke.
16355 Sophists were members of an educational movement in the city-states of Greece during the second half
of the 400's B.C. The Sophists were migrant teachers who taught grammar and public speaking, which
was vital in such ancient democracies as Athens.
16356 Sophocles (about 496-406 B.C.) was the second of the three great Greek writers of tragedy.
16357 Sorbonne was a world-famous college in Paris.
16358 Sorell, William (1775-1848), a British army officer, became lieutenant governor of Van Diemen's Land
(now Tasmania, Australia) in 1817.
16359 Sorensen, Virginia (1912-1991), was an American author.
16360 Sorghum is the name of a group of tropical grasses from Africa and Asia.
16361 Soroptimist International is the world's largest service organization for business, executive, and
professional women.
16362 Sorrel is a name given to several plants of the buckwheat family.
16363 S O S is the accepted call for help from a ship in distress.
16364 Sotho is the name of a group of people who speak similar languages in South Africa, Lesotho, and
Botswana.
16365 Sou was a small coin in the French money system.
16366 Sound is a narrow stretch of water.
16367 Sound surrounds us all the time.
16368 Sound-powered telephone is a communication device that operates only on the power of the sound that
enters it.
16369 Sousa, John Philip (1854-1932), was an American composer and bandmaster.
16370 South Africa is the richest and most highly developed country in sub-Saharan Africa.
16371
South Africa, Art of. Art in South Africa began thousands of years ago with the work of the San people.
16372 South Africa, Government of. South Africa is a parliamentary republic.
16373 South Africa, History of. The story of human settlement in southern Africa spans many thousands of
years.
16374 South Africa, Languages of. South Africa is a multilingual nation.
16375 South Africa, Literature of. South African literature reflects a country of many languages and a great
diversity of cultures.
16376 South African homelands were areas that the former South African government reserved for certain
groups of people to live in.
16377 South America is the fourth largest continent in area.
16378 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organization of nations that includes
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
16379 South Australia is the third largest state in Australia.
16380 South Bedfordshire (pop. 106,800) is a local government district in Bedfordshire, England, containing the
ancient towns of Dunstable, Houghton Regis, Leighton Buzzard, and Linslade.
16381 South Bucks (pop. 60,300) is a local government area in Buckinghamshire, England.
16382 South Cambridgeshire (pop. 118,100) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England.
16383 South Carolina (pop. 3,505,707) is a state in the southern United States.
16384 South Dakota (pop. 699,999) is a state in the midwestern United States.
16385 South Derbyshire (pop. 71,100) is a local government area in Derbyshire, England.
16386 South Hams (pop. 77,300) is a rural local government area in Devon, England, administered from the
town of Totnes.
16387
South Herefordshire (pop. 51,200) is a local government area in Hereford and Worcester, England.
16388 South Holland (pop. 66,000) is a local government area in Lincolnshire, England.
16389 South Kesteven (pop. 107,200), a local government area in Lincolnshire, England, contains the towns of
Grantham, Stamford, and Bourne.
16390 South Lakeland (pop. 101,900) is a local government area in Cumbria, England.
16391 South Norfolk (pop. 101,400) is a local government area in Norfolk, England, that is predominantly low
lying and agricultural.
16392 South Northamptonshire (pop. 66,700), is a local government area in Northamptonshire, administered
from the ancient town of Towcester.
16393 South Oxfordshire (pop. 130,900) is a local government area in Oxfordshire, England, containing Didcot,
Henley-on-Thames, Thame, and Wallingford.
16394 South Pacific Commission is an international organization that provides technical advice, training,
assistance, and dissemination of information in social, economic, and cultural fields to 22 governments
and administrations.
16395 South Pacific Games are open to competitors from all the countries and islands of the South Pacific area
except Australia and New Zealand.
16396 South Pembrokeshire (pop. 42,100) is a local government area in Dyfed, Wales, administered from
Pembroke Dock.
16397 South Pole is a term used for several invisible surface points in the Antarctic region.
16398 South Ribble (pop. 99,800) is a local government area in Lancashire, England.
16399 South Sea Bubble was a financial crash that shook the British government in the early 1700's.
16400 South Shropshire (pop. 37,800) is a local government area in Shropshire, England, administered from
the historic town of Ludlow.
16401 South Somerset (pop. 139,400), a local government area in Somerset, England, includes the towns of
Chard, Crewkerne, Ilminster, Wincanton, and Yeovil.
16402 South Staffordshire (pop. 103,900) is a local government area in Staffordshire, England, administered
from Codsall, near Wolverhampton, in West Midlands.
16403 South Tyneside (pop. 151,900) is a local government area in Tyne and Wear, England, administered
from the industrial town of South Shields.
16404 South Wight (pop. 56,400) is a local government area on the Isle of Wight, England, administered from
Newport, in the neighbouring area of Medina.
16405 Southall, Ivan (1921-...), an Australian writer, achieved international fame for his children's books.
16406 Southampton (pop. 194,400), is a major seaport in Hampshire, England.
16407 Southcott, Joanna (1750-1814), was a British religious zealot.
16408
Southeast Asia includes the peninsula and islands east of India and Bangladesh and south of China.
16409 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an alliance of eight nations that signed the Southeast
Asia Collective Defence Treaty in Manila, the Philippines, on Sept. 8, 1954.
16410
Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) is a regional organization whose aim is
to promote cooperation among the nations of Southeast Asia through education, science, and culture.
16411 Southend-on-Sea (pop. 153,700) is a popular seaside resort in southeastern Essex, England.
16412 Southern Cloud was one of Australia's first passenger- carrying aeroplanes.
16413 Southern Cross is a famous constellation (group of stars) in the Southern Hemisphere.
16414
Southern Cross was the aeroplane used by Charles Kingsford Smith on many of his pioneeering flights.
16415 Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, consist mainly of rolling savannah country suitable
for sheep and cattle.
16416 Southey, Robert (1774-1843), was poet laureate of the United Kingdom from 1813 until his death.
16417 Southland is the most southerly area of the South Island of New Zealand.
16418 Southwark (pop. 196,500) is a borough lying in the Greater London area.
16419 Southwell, Robert (1561?-1595), was a Roman Catholic martyr and poet.
16420 Sovereignty. The name "sovereign" was first applied to kings.
16421 Soviet is a Russian word that means council.
16422 Sow thistle is the name of a group of weeds that grow wild in Europe.
16423 Soweto is South Africa's largest urban black community.
16424
Soybean is a plant that supplies feed for animals, food for human beings, and raw materials for industry.
16425 Soyinka, Wole (1934-...), is a Nigerian poet, dramatist, novelist, and critic.
16426 Spaak, Paul-Henri (1899-1972), was a European statesman and the first Socialist prime minister of
Belgium.
16427 Space exploration is our human response to curiosity about the earth, the moon, the planets, the sun
and other stars, and the galaxies.
16428 Spain is a country in Western Europe famous for its colourful bullfights, sunny climate, and beautiful
story-book castles.
16429 Spalding, Albert (1888-1953), was an American violinist.
16430 Spallanzani, Lazzaro (1729-1799) an Italian experimental biologist, showed that the air carries
microscopic life.
16431 Spaniel is a large family of dogs made up of such breeds as the American water, clumber, American
cocker, cocker, English springer, field, Irish water, Sussex, and Welsh springer spaniels, and the
Brittany.
16432 Spanish America is the name sometimes given to the Spanish-speaking parts of Latin America.
16433 Spanish-American War marked the emergence of the United States as a world power.
16434 Spanish Armada was a fleet of armed ships that tried to invade England in 1588.
16435 Spanish bayonet is the name of a low, slender yucca tree that grows in the southern United States and
in Mexico and the West Indies.
16436 Spanish fly is a type of blister beetle, not a true fly.
16437 Spanish language is the official language of Spain.
16438 Spanish literature is one of the richest and most varied of all European literatures.
16439 Spanish Main was the name English buccaneers and pirates gave to the northern coast of South
America and to the Caribbean Sea and its islands.
16440 Spanish moss is a flowering plant that hangs from trees in the southeastern United States and in tropical
Central and South America.
16441 Spanish Town (pop. 110,379) is a city in southeastern central Jamaica.
16442 Spark, Muriel (1918-...), is a British author best known for her short novels.
16443 Spark chamber is a scientific instrument that produces sparks along the paths followed by electrically
charged subatomic particles.
16444 Sparks, Jared (1789-1866), was an American historian and biographer who was a pioneer in collecting
original documents on American history.
16445
Sparrow is the name of many small, common birds that are mainly brown, white, and black in colour.
16446 Sparrowhawk is a bird of prey that lives in Africa, central Asia, and Europe.
16447 Sparta, also called Lacedaemon, the capital of Laconia, was at one time the most powerful city-state of
ancient Greece.
16448 Spartacus (?-71B.C.) led a great slave revolt against the Roman Empire.
16449 Spas are towns situated on the sites of natural springs or wells.
16450 Spastic paralysis is a condition in which there is poor control over the muscles as a result of damage to
the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
16451 Spavin is a common name for two unrelated diseases that affect the hocks of horses.
16452 Spawn is a word that refers to the eggs of fishes, molluscs, amphibians, and other animals.
16453 Speaker is the presiding officer in the lower house of national, state, and provincial legislatures in many
countries.
16454 Speaker is an electric device that reproduces sound.
16455 Spear is one of the oldest weapons known to human beings.
16456 Spearfishing is the sport of hunting fish underwater with a spear or a gun that shoots a spear.
16457 Spearmint is a type of mint plant that grows in most temperate regions of the world.
16458 Special drawing rights are reserve assets entered in the books of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
as credits for member nations.
16459 Special education is instruction designed to help both handicapped and gifted children use their full
learning ability.
16460 Special Olympics is a year-round international programme of athletic training and competition for people
with learning disabilities.
16461 Spectrometer is an instrument that spreads out light into a spectrum and displays it for study.
16462 Speech has several definitions.
16463 Speech therapy is the treatment of speech problems and disorders.
16464 Speed reading is the ability to read rapidly and with good understanding.
16465 Speedometer is an instrument that indicates the speed of a car or other vehicle.
16466 Speedwriting is the registered trademark for a widely used shorthand system.
16467 Speelman, Cornelis Janszoon (1628-1684), served as governor general of the Netherlands East Indies
(now Indonesia) from 1681 to 1684.
16468 Speer, Albert (1905-1981), directed the production of weapons in Nazi Germany during World War II
(1939-1945).
16469 Speke, John Hanning (1827-1864), was a British explorer who explored much of eastern Africa.
16470 Speleology is the scientific study of caves.
16471 Spelling is the way we combine letters to write words.
16472 Spelthorne (pop. 87,100) is a borough and local government district in Surrey, England.
16473
Spemann, Hans (1869-1941), a German biologist, pioneered in the analysis of embryonic development.
16474 Spence, Sir Basil Urwin (1907-1976), a British architect, is best known for his work on Coventry
Cathedral and the University of Sussex, at Brighton.
16475
Spence, William Guthrie (1846-1926), did much to advance the trade union movement in Australia.
16476 Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903), was a British philosopher.
16477 Spencer, Sir Stanley (1891-1959), a British artist, is best known for the paintings in which he depicts
themes from the Bible in terms of contemporary everyday life.
16478 Spencer Gulf lies between Eyre Peninsula and Yorke Peninsula in South Australia.
16479 Spender, Sir Percy (1897-1985), as Australia's minister for external affairs in 1950, proposed the original
idea that became the Colombo Plan (see COLOMBO PLAN).
16480 Spender, Sir Stephen (1909-1995), was a British poet.
16481 Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936), was a German philosopher of history.
16482 Spenser, Edmund (1552?-1599), was a great English poet of the Elizabethan era.
16483 Sperm whale is the largest of the toothed whales.
16484 Spermaceti is a waxy material obtained from the enormous head of the sperm whale.
16485 Sperrin Mountains are a range in Tyrone in Northern Ireland.
16486 Sperry, Armstrong (1897-1976), was an American author and illustrator of children's books.
16487 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose (1860-1930), was an American scientist, inventor, and manufacturer.
16488 Sphalerite is the most important zinc ore.
16489 Sphere is a solid figure shaped like a ball or globe.
16490 Spheroid is a solid figure that resembles a sphere but is not perfectly round.
16491 Sphinx is an imaginary creature of ancient myths.
16492 Spica is the brightest star in the constellation Virgo.
16493 Spice is the name given to food seasonings made from plants.
16494 Spice Girls, The are a British pop act.
16495 Spice Islands are a group of Indonesian islands lying near the equator.
16496 Spider is a small, eight-legged animal that spins silk.
16497 Spider crab is the name of members of a family of crabs that look like spiders.
16498 Spider monkey is a large monkey noted for using its tail as an extra limb.
16499 Spielberg, Steven (1947-...), is an American film director and producer.
16500 Spielvogel, Nathan Frederick (1874-1956), was a schoolteacher in Victoria, Australia, who wrote poetry
and short stories.
16501 Spier, Peter (1927-...), is an American illustrator of children's books.
16502 Spikenard, also called nard, is a plant related to the valerians.
16503 Spina bifida is a spinal defect that is present at birth.
16504 Spinach is a popular garden vegetable.
16505 Spine is the part of the skeleton that extends down the centre of the back.
16506 Spinet is a keyboard musical instrument that was popular from the 1500's to the 1700's.
16507 Spinifex is either of two kinds of grasses that grow in dry, sandy areas, chiefly in eastern Asia, Australia,
and New Zealand.
16508 Spinning is the process of making threads by twisting together plant or animal fibres.
16509 Spinning jenny is a machine for spinning yarn.
16510 Spinoza, Baruch (1632-1677), was a Dutch philosopher.
16511 Spiraea is the name of a group of herbs and shrubs in the rose family, which bear white, pink, or rosecoloured
flowers.
16512 Spire is an architectural term used to describe the tapering structure at the top of a tower.
16513
Spirit of '76 is a famous patriotic scene painted about 1875 by the American artist Archibald M. Willard.
16514 Spiritual is a type of religious song made famous by the blacks of the Southern United States.
16515 Spiritualism is the belief that spirits of the dead can communicate with the living.
16516 Spirometer is an instrument that measures the amount of air a person breathes.
16517 Spitteler, Carl (1845-1924), a Swiss poet and writer, won the 1919 Nobel Prize for literature.
16518 Spitz is the name of a family of dogs of far northern descent.
16519 Spleen is a soft, purplish organ located behind and to the left of the stomach in human beings.
16520 Splicing is a method of joining two ends of rope or wire together without forming a knot.
16521 Split (pop. 235,398) is a city in southern Croatia that developed from an ancient Roman town.
16522
Spock, Benjamin McLane (1903-1998), an American doctor, became famous for his books on child care.
16523 Spode, Josiah (1754-1827), was one of Britain's greatest potters and the inventor of bone china.
16524 Spode china is a popular type of English porcelain.
16525
Spofforth, Fred (1853-1926), an Australian cricketer, became well known for his aggressive fast bowling.
16526 Spokane (pop. 177,196; met. area pop. 361,364) is an important commercial centre in eastern
Washington, in the United States.
16527 Sponge is an animal that lives at the bottom of oceans and other bodies of water.
16528 Spontaneous combustion is burning that may occur when heat generated by chemical changes within a
substance becomes trapped inside the substance.
16529 Spontaneous generation refers to the theory that certain forms of life, such as flies, worms, and mice,
can develop directly from nonliving things, such as mud and decaying flesh.
16530 Spoonbill is a wading bird that looks like an ibis.
16531 Spore is a tiny, specialized structure that is able to grow into an organism.
16532 Sport, in genetics, is a term applied to the sudden appearance of certain new hereditary types in plants
and animals.
16533 Sports are organized athletic activities played individually or in teams.
16534 Sports medicine is a field that provides health care for physically active people.
16535
Spot is a popular sport fish ranging from 15 to 25 centimetres long and weighing about 0.2 kilogram.
16536 Sprague, Frank Julian (1857-1934), was an American electrical engineer and inventor.
16537 Sprain is an injury to a ligament or to the tissue that covers a joint.
16538 Sprat is one of the smaller sea fish in the herring family.
16539 Spring is a device that recovers its shape after an outside force changes that shape and is then
removed.
16540 Spring is a natural source of water that flows from the ground.
16541 Spring is the season between winter and summer.
16542 Spring, Dick (1950-...), was the Republic of Ireland's minister of foreign affairs and tanaiste (deputy
prime minister) from 1993 to 1997.
16543 Spring, Howard (1889-1965), a British novelist, won fame with his best-selling novel My Son, My Son
(1938).
16544 Spring beauty is the name of a wild flower that grows in the forests of North America from Nova Scotia to
Georgia and from Saskatchewan to Texas.
16545 Springbok, also called springbuck, is an antelope that lives on the grassy open plains of southwestern
Africa.
16546 Springfield (pop. 105,227; met. area pop. 189,550) is the state capital of Illinois, in the United States, and
the centre of a rich farming region.
16547 Springhare is a rodent that lives in eastern and southern Africa.
16548 Springsteen, Bruce (1949-...), is a popular American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.
16549 Spruce is the common name of a genus of cone-bearing evergreen trees in the pine family.
16550 Spruce budworm is a highly destructive forest insect pest that lives throughout the northern United
States and southern Canada.
16551 Spurge family, also called euphorbiaceae, is a family of herbs, shrubs, and trees.
16552 Spurgeon, Charles Haddon (1834-1892), was one of the greatest British preachers of his time.
16553 Sputnik is the name of a series of unmanned earth satellites launched into space by the former Soviet
Union.
16554 Spy is anyone who gathers information of value to the political leadership of the country that person is
serving.
16555 Spyri, Johanna (1827-1901), was a Swiss author of children's stories.
16556 Squall is a sudden rise in the wind, often with a marked change in wind direction.
16557 Squanto (1585?-1622), also called Tisquantum, was an American Indian of the Patuxet tribe who
befriended the Pilgrims, the early English settlers of North America.
16558 Square, in geometry, is a plane figure that has four equal straight sides and four right (90) angles.
16559 Square dancing is a type of North American folk dancing performed by groups of four couples.
16560 Square deal originally referred to fair treatment in dealing playing cards and in other matters.
16561 Square measure is the system used in the measurement of surfaces.
16562 Square root of a number is a second number whose product with itself gives the original number.
16563 Squash is any of more than 40 kinds of gourd-shaped vegetables.
16564 Squash, also called squash racquets, is an indoor game that is similar to handball.
16565 Squatter is a person who lives on land but has no deed or other evidence of title to it.
16566 Squatters in Australia were originally pastoralists who occupied land illegally.
16567 Squid is a marine mollusc (animal with a soft, boneless body) that is similar to the octopus, nautilus, and
cuttlefish.
16568 Squill is the name of several plants with bulbous roots.
16569 Squirrel is a furry-tailed animal with large, black eyes and rounded ears.
16570 Squirrel monkey is a small, brightly coloured monkey that lives in large groups.
16571 Sri Lanka is a beautiful island country in the Indian Ocean.
16572 Srirangapatnam, Storming of, was the last stage in the fourth and final war fought between the British
East India Company and Tipu Sultan.
16573 Srivijaya was a great Malay empire in southern Sumatra, in Indonesia.
16574 St. John, Lord (1929-...), a British author and politician, was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and
the cabinet minister responsible for the arts from 1979 to 1981.
16575 Stadium is a large structure for spectators built around a playing field or arena.
16576 Stael, Madame de (1766-1817), was a prominent French critic and novelist of the early 1800's.
16577 Staffa is a small, uninhabited island in the Inner Hebrides, Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
16578 Stafford (pop. 117,000) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England, centred upon the towns
of Stafford and Stone.
16579 Staffordshire is the Midlands county of England that includes the great industrial area around Stoke-on-
Trent called the Potteries.
16580 Staffordshire bull terrier is a powerful, heavyset dog.
16581 Staffordshire Moorlands (pop. 94,000) is a local government district in north Staffordshire, England,
administered from the town of Leek.
16582 Stag beetle is the name of a family of beetles in which some males have oddly enlarged jaws.
16583
Stagecoach was a horse-drawn coach that was used to carry passengers and mail on a regular route.
16584 Staghorn is the name of about 20 species of ferns, mainly from moist, tropical regions.
16585 Stain is a special type of dye used to bring out the grain in wood.
16586 Stained glass is coloured glass that has been cut into pieces and reassembled to form a picture or
decorative design.
16587
Stainless steel is the name of a family of alloy steels that resist rust and other forms of corrosion.
16588 Stalactite is a beautiful stone formation found in some limestone caves.
16589
Stalagmite is a stone formation that rises up from the floors of caves, especially in limestone caverns.
16590 Stalin, Joseph (1879-1953), was dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) from 1929
until 1953.
16591 Stalingrad, Battle of, one of the most important battles of history, was a turning point in World War II
(1939-1945).
16592 Stamford Bridge, Battle of (1066), ended an attempted invasion of England by Harald Hardrada, king of
Norway, and Tostig, the brother of Harold II of England.
16593 Stamp Act. The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act in March 1765.
16594 Stamp collecting is one of the most popular collecting hobbies in the world.
16595 Stamp duty is an important tax in many countries.
16596 Standard, Battle of the, occurred during the period of anarchy that followed the death of Henry I of
England.
16597
Standard & Poor's indexes are statistics that measure changes in American stock market prices.
16598 Standard of living usually refers to the economic level achieved by an individual, family, or nation.
16599 Standard Oil Company. In 1859, Edwin L. Drake, a retired railway conductor, drilled the first
commercially successful oil well in the United States near Titusville, Pennsylvania.
16600
Standard schnauzer is a powerfully built dog with a wiry coat, shaggy whiskers, and bushy eyebrows.
16601 Standard time is a worldwide system of uniform time zones.
16602 Standish, Miles (1584?-1656), went to America with the Pilgrim Fathers in the Mayflower.
16603 Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers (1852-1924), was a composer, conductor, and teacher.
16604 Stanislas, Saint (1030-1079), is the patron saint of Poland and the city of Krakow, where he served as
bishop.
16605
Stanislavski, Konstantin (1863-1938), was the stage name of a well-known Russian director and actor.
16606
Stanley, Wendell Meredith (1904-1971), an American biochemist, did outstanding research on viruses.
16607 Stanley and Livingstone were two British explorers who excited the Western world with their travels in
Africa.
16608 Stanley brothers were two American inventors and manufacturers who built the Stanley steamer, one of
the most famous steam-powered cars.
16609 Stanthorpe (pop. 9,561) is the main centre of a fruit-growing area in Queensland, Australia.
16610 Staphylococcus is a common organism that belongs to a group of round bacteria.
16611 Stapledon, Olaf (1886-1950), was a major British author of science fiction.
16612 Star is a huge ball of glowing gas in the sky.
16613 Star Chamber was an English court of law during the 1500's and 1600's.
16614 Star-of-Bethlehem is a small, hardy plant that belongs to the lily family.
16615 Star of David, also called the Shield of David, is the universal symbol of Judaism.
16616 Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem of the United States.
16617 Starch is a white, powdery substance found in the living cells of green plants.
16618 Starfish, also called sea star, is a spiny-skinned sea animal that has thick, armlike extensions on its
body.
16619 Stark, Johannes (1874-1957), a German physicist, was noted for his discovery of the Stark effect.
16620 Starlight, Captain, was a leading character in the Australian novel Robbery Under Arms by Thomas
Alexander Browne, who wrote under the name of Rolf Boldrewood.
16621 Starling is the name of about 80 species of noisy and active small- to medium-sized birds.
16622
Starr, Belle (1848-1889), has been considered one of the few female outlaws in the United States.
16623 Starr, Ringo (1940-...), is a British musician who gained international fame as a member of the Beatles
pop group from 1962 to 1970 (see BEATLES).
16624 Starter is a device that sets an engine in motion.
16625 Starvation occurs when a living thing dies from lack of any food substance essential for life.
16626 State, Department of, is the executive department of the United States government that handles U.S.
relations with other governments.
16627 Stately homes of Britain and Ireland are houses of the past that are valued for their beautiful architecture
and craftsmanship or for their associations with an important family.
16628 Staten Island forms one of New York City's five boroughs (districts).
16629 Statesman is a person with a broad general knowledge of government and politics, who takes a leading
part in public affairs.
16630 Static is a term for a disturbance in a radio or television receiver, usually caused by atmospheric
electricity.
16631 Statice, also known as sea lavender, is a plant of Western Europe which grows in salt marshes.
16632 Statics is one of the two branches of mechanics, the science that studies the effects of forces on bodies
at rest or in motion.
16633
Stationery Office is the central government agency for publishing and selling British official publications.
16634 Stations, in Australia and New Zealand, are large cattle and sheep farms.
16635 Statistics is a set of methods that are used to collect and analyse data.
16636 Statler, Ellsworth Milton (1863-1928) was an American hotel owner and operator.
16637 Statue of Liberty, in New York City, is one of the most famous landmarks of the United States of
America.
16638 Statute of limitations is a law that sets a time limit for the starting of legal proceedings.
16639
Statute of Westminster (1931) established the basic legal framework for the Commonwealth of Nations.
16640 Staudinger, Hermann (1881-1965), a German chemist, was a pioneer in organic chemistry.
16641 Stead, Christina (1902-1983), is one of the best-known Australian novelists, and is widely regarded as
the greatest.
16642
Stead, William Thomas (1849-1912), a British editor, was one of the pioneers of modern journalism.
16643 Steam is water that has been changed into gas.
16644 Steam engine is any engine that is operated by the energy of expanding steam.
16645 Steam hammer is a power-driven hammer used to make heavy forgings.
16646 Steamboat is a term used for steam-driven vessels that sail on rivers.
16647
Stearic acid is a valuable organic fatty acid that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils.
16648 Stedman, Edmund Clarence (1833-1908), was an American poet and journalist.
16649
Steel, Sir David (1938-...), a British politician, was the leader of the Liberal Party from 1976 to 1988.
16650 Steel band is a group of musicians who play a distinctive form of West Indian dance music on
percussion instruments called steel pans.
16651 Steele, Sir Richard (1672-1729), an Irish-born writer, created the popular journalistic essays that were
published as The Tatler.
16652 Steen, Jan (1626?-1679), was a Dutch painter.
16653
Steenbok, also spelled steinbok, is a small antelope that lives in southern and east-central Africa.
16654 Steeplechasing is a sport in which horses ridden by jockeys race over a series of obstacles on a course
that is generally between 3 and 7 kilometres long.
16655 Steer, Philip Wilson (1860-1942), was an outstanding British landscape and portrait painter.
16656 Stefansson, Vilhjalmur (1879-1962), an Arctic explorer and author, emphasized that the Arctic region is
of great military and strategic importance.
16657 Stegosaurus was a large, plant-eating dinosaur that lived about 150 million years ago in what is now the
western United States.
16658 Steichen, Edward (1879-1973), was an American photographer who helped develop photography as a
creative art.
16659 Steig, William (1907-...), is an American cartoonist and children's author who won the 1970 Caldecott
Medal for Sylvester and the Magic Pebble.
16660 Stein, Sir Aurel (1862-1943), was a Romanian-born orientalist, explorer, and archaeologist.
16661 Stein, Gertrude (1874-1946), was an American author who introduced a unique style of writing.
16662 Steinbeck, John (1902-1968), an American author, won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature.
16663 Steinberg, Saul (1914-...), is a Romanian-born artist noted for his humorous and thought-provoking penand-
ink drawings.
16664 Steinberg, William (1899-1978), was a symphony orchestra and opera conductor who became best
known as music director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1952 to 1976.
16665 Steinem, Gloria (1934-...), is an American writer and a leading supporter of the women's liberation
movement in the United States.
16666 Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923), was a German-born mathematician and engineer.
16667 Steinway, Henry Engelhard (1797-1871), was a German-born piano maker who founded the Steinway &
Sons piano company.
16668 Stella, Frank (1936-...), is an American artist known for his abstract paintings.
16669 Stellenbosch (pop. 37,680) is South Africa's second oldest town.
16670 Stem is the part of a plant that produces and supports buds, leaves, flowers, and fruit.
16671 Stendhal (1783-1842) is the pen name of Marie Henri Beyle, one of the chief figures in the history of the
French psychological novel.
16672 Stephen (1097?-1154) was an English king whose reign was so full of strife that it is called "The
Anarchy." The cause was a disputed succession.
16673 Stephen, Sir Leslie (1832-1904), was a British biographer, essayist, and editor.
16674 Stephen, Sir Ninian (1923-...), a distinguished Australian judge, was governor general of Australia from
1982 to 1989.
16675 Stephen, Saint, was the first Christian martyr.
16676 Stephens, James (1882?-1950), was an Irish author.
16677 Stephenson, George (1781-1848), was a British engineer whose inventions helped create the British
railway system.
16678 Stephenson, Robert (1803-1859), was a British engineer noted chiefly for the great bridges and viaducts
he built.
16679 Stepinac, Aloysius Cardinal (1898-1960), a Croatian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, became a
symbol of resistance to Communism in Yugoslavia after World War II (1939-1945).
16680 Steppe is an area covered chiefly by short grasses.
16681
Stereoscope is an optical viewing device that makes photographs seem to have three dimensions.
16682 Stereotyping is the method of making metal plates for use in printing.
16683 Sterility refers to the inability to reproduce.
16684 Sterilization, in medicine and bacteriology, means the killing of germs.
16685 Sterkfontein Caves, in South Africa, are the site of some of the world's most important archaeological
discoveries.
16686
Stern, G. B. (1890-1973), was a British author, who wrote novels, plays, short stories, and biographies.
16687 Stern, Irma (1894-1966), was a controversial South African painter.
16688 Stern, Isaac (1920-...), is an outstanding American violinist.
16689 Stern, Otto (1888-1969), a German-born physicist, received the 1943 Nobel Prize for physics.
16690 Sterne, Laurence (1713-1768), was a British clergyman who suddenly became famous as the author of
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1760-1767).
16691 Steroid is any of a class of chemical compounds important in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
16692 Stethoscope, an instrument doctors use to listen to the sounds produced by certain organs of the body,
such as the heart, lungs, intestines, veins, and arteries.
16693 Stetson, John Batterson (1830-1906), was an American hat manufacturer and philanthropist.
16694 Steuben, Baron von (1730-1794), was a Prussian soldier who served in the American army during the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
16695
Stevenage (pop. 73,700) is a local government district and new town in northern Hertfordshire, England.
16696 Stevens, Theodore Fulton (1923-...), an American, served as Republican whip (assistant leader) of the
United States Senate from 1977 to 1985.
16697 Stevens, Wallace (1879-1955), was an American poet.
16698 Stevenson was the family name of two American politicians, grandfather and grandson.
16699 Stevenson, Robert (1772-1850), was a Scottish civil engineer noted as a builder of lighthouses.
16700 Stevenson, Robert Louis (1850-1894), was a Scottish novelist, essayist, and poet who became one of
the world's most popular writers.
16701 Stevenson, Thomas (1818-1887), was a Scottish civil engineer and meteorologist.
16702 Stewart, Douglas (1913-1985), an Australian poet, dramatist, and writer, became famous for his verse
plays.
16703 Stewart, Jackie (1939-...), was one of Britain's most successful racing drivers.
16704 Stewart, James (1908-1997), was a lanky American film actor who spoke with a distinctive drawl.
16705 Stewart, Michael (1906-1990), served as British secretary of state for foreign and Commonwealth affairs
from 1968 to 1970.
16706 Stewart Island is the most southerly of the three main islands of New Zealand.
16707 Steyn, Marthinus Theunis (1857-1916), was the last president of the independent Orange Free State
before it became part of South Africa.
16708 Stick insect is an insect that looks like a twig, or the stem of a plant.
16709 Stickleback is a name given to a family of small fishes of the Northern Hemisphere.
16710 Stieglitz, Alfred (1864-1946), was an American photographer who was a pioneer in developing
photography as an art form.
16711 Stilt is a wading bird with long, slender legs.
16712 Stimson, Henry Lewis (1867-1950), was an American statesman who held Cabinet posts under four
presidents.
16713 Stimulant is a substance that causes an increase in the activity of an organ of the body.
16714 Stingray is a ray, or flattish fish.
16715 Stink bug is a kind of insect that gives off a foul odour when disturbed.
16716 Stirling (pop. 81,717) is a city and large local government area in central Scotland.
16717 Stirling, Sir James (1791-1865), was the first governor of Western Australia.
16718 Stirling engine is an experimental source of power that one day may be used in cars, boats, and other
vehicles.
16719 Stivens, Dal (1911-...), an Australian novelist and short-story writer, produced The Tramp and Other
Stories (1936), a collection of brief, vigorous stories written with blunt realism.
16720 Stoat is a small animal that lives in northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
16721 Stock is a name given to three different garden flowers.
16722
Stock, Frederick August (1872-1942), conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1905 to 1942.
16723 Stock exchange is a market place in which members of the market buy and sell stocks and shares, and
investments in companies or in governments.
16724 Stock ticker is an electronic display that shows purchases and sales of stocks and shares.
16725 Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1928-...), a German composer, has been a leading force in the development of
modern music since the early 1950's.
16726 Stockholm (pop. 692,954) is the capital and largest city of Sweden.
16727 Stockings are articles of clothing that fit snugly over the feet and part or all of the legs.
16728 Stockport (pop. 276,800) is a manufacturing town and local government district in Greater Manchester,
England.
16729 Stocks are an old device used for punishment.
16730 Stocks and shares are the right of ownership in a limited liability company.
16731 Stockton-on-Tees (pop. 170,200) is a town in northern England and a unitary authority with all the local
government powers within its boundaries.
16732 Stoddard, William Osborn (1835-1925), was an American author, journalist, and inventor.
16733 Stoic philosophy flourished from about 300 B.C. to A.D. 300.
16734 Stoke-on-Trent (pop. 244,800), a city in west-central England, is the pottery centre of the United
Kingdom.
16735 Stoker, Bram (1847-1912), a British author, wrote Dracula (1897), one of the most famous horror stories
of all time.
16736 Stokes, Carl Burton (1927-...), was the first black to be elected mayor of a major American city.
16737 Stokowski, Leopold (1882-1977), was a famous British-born orchestra conductor.
16738 Stomach is an enlarged part of the alimentary canal.
16739 Stone, Edward Durell (1902-1978), was an American architect best known for his decorative use of
concrete.
16740 Stone, Irving (1903-1989), was an American biographer and novelist.
16741 Stone, Melville Elijah (1848-1929), was an American newspaperman.
16742 Stone Age is a term used to designate the period in all human cultures when people used stone, rather
than metal, tools.
16743 Stonechat is the name of a small bird that lives in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
16744 Stonefish got its name because it looks remarkably like blocks of weathered rock or coral.
16745 Stonefly is a weak-flying insect.
16746 Stonehenge is an ancient monument on the Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, a county in southwestern
England.
16747 Stoneware is a hard, nonporous kind of pottery.
16748 Stopes, Marie Carmichael (1880-1958), a British scientist and author, is best known for her pioneering
work in family planning.
16749 Stoppard, Tom (1937-...), is a major British playwright.
16750 Stork is a large bird with long legs, strong wings, and a long, pointed beak.
16751 Storm usually refers to unpleasant or destructive weather, consisting of rain, snow, freezing precipitation,
hail, strong winds, or a combination of these.
16752 Stormont Parliament is a building at Stormont, an outlying district of Belfast, in Northern Ireland.
16753
Stornoway is the chief town and seaport of the island of Lewis with Harris, off the west coast of Scotland.
16754 Story Bridge across the Brisbane River, in Australia, links the northern suburbs and inner city of
Brisbane with the southern suburbs.
16755 Storytelling is one of the oldest forms of folk art.
16756 Stoss, Veit (1440?-1533), was a German sculptor.
16757 Stout, Rex Todhunter (1886-1975), was an American detective-story writer.
16758 Stout, Sir Robert (1844-1930) was premier of New Zealand from 1884 to 1887.
16759 Stow, Randolph (1935-...), an Australian novelist, set his novels in Western Australia.
16760 Stowe, Harriet Beecher (1811-1896), an American writer, is remembered chiefly for her antislavery
novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1851-1852).
16761 Strabane (pop. 35,711) is a local government district in the west of Northern Ireland.
16762 Strabismus is an abnormal alignment of the eyes in which one eye is fixed on one object and the other
eye is fixed on another object.
16763 Strabo (63 B.C.?-A.D. 24?) was a Greek geographer and historian.
16764 Strachey, Lytton (1880-1932), was a British biographer, essayist, and literary critic.
16765 Stradbroke is the name of two islands in Moreton Bay, near Brisbane in southeastern Queensland,
Australia.
16766 Stradivari, Antonio (1644?-1737), was one of the leading instrument makers in music history.
16767 Strafford, Earl of (1593-1641), was an English statesman.
16768 Strait is a narrow channel of water between two large bodies of water.
16769 Straits Settlements, in southeastern Asia, were part of colonial British Malaya.
16770 Strand, Paul (1890-1976), an American photographer, helped develop photography as an art.
16771 Stransky, Joel, (1967-...), is a South African Rugby Union player.
16772 Strasbourg (pop. 255,937; met. area pop. 388,483) is a trading centre in France.
16773 Strassmann, Fritz (1902-1980), was a German chemist.
16774 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), a series of meetings between the Soviet Union and the United
States, took place between 1969 and 1979.
16775 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) refers to either of two arms agreements designed to reduce
the numbers of long-range nuclear weapons.
16776 Strategic Defense Initiative was a United States effort lasting from 1983 to 1993 to develop a hightechnology
system of defence against nuclear missiles.
16777 Strategic Services, Office of (OSS), was a secret intelligence agency of the United States government
during World War II (1939-1945).
16778 Stratemeyer, Edward (1862-1930), was an American author who created many popular characters in
children's literature.
16779 Stratford-on-Avon (pop. 103,600) is a local government area in Warwickshire, England, that includes the
towns of Alcester, Shipston on Stour, Southam, and Stratford-upon-Avon itself.
16780 Stratford-upon-Avon is a quiet market town, in Warwickshire, England, that has become famous as the
birthplace of William Shakespeare.
16781 Strath is a Scottish word for a wide valley.
16782 Strathclyde Region takes up the western part of central Scotland.
16783 Strathkelvin (pop. 83,616) is a local government district in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
16784 Stratified rock consists of layers, or strata.
16785 Stratosphere is a layer of the earth's atmosphere.
16786 Stratton, Charles Sherwood (1838-1883), was an American midget who became best known by his
circus name, General Tom Thumb.
16787 Straus, Oscar (1870-1954), an Austrian composer, was the last of the successful Viennese operetta
composers.
16788 Strauss, Johann, Sr. (1804-1849), was an Austrian composer who became known as the "Father of the
Waltz." He was also a violinist and the leader of a popular orchestra that played light, entertaining
music.
16789 Strauss, Johann, Jr. (1825-1899), was an Austrian composer who became known as the "Waltz King."
Strauss composed nearly 400 waltzes that represent the peak of their style.
16790 Strauss, Levi (1829-1902), was an American clothing manufacturer.
16791 Strauss, Richard (1864-1949), was a German composer.
16792 Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971), was a Russian-born composer.
16793 Straw consists of the dried stems of such grains as wheat, rye, oats, and barley.
16794 Strawberry, a small plant of the rose family, is grown for its tasty heart-shaped fruit.
16795 Strawflower is a tall annual herb with yellow, orange, red, or white flowers.
16796 Streamlining is the shaping of a body so that it meets the smallest amount of resistance as it moves
through a fluid (liquid or gas).
16797
Streatfeild, Noel (1895-1986), was a British writer of children's stories with theatrical backgrounds.
16798 Streep, Meryl (1949-...), is an American actress known for her sensitive portrayals of a wide variety of
characters.
16799 Street cries were a distinctive feature of city and town life in Britain until the 1900's.
16800 Streeton, Sir Arthur (1867-1943), was Australia's most celebrated landscape painter during the period
from 1920 to 1940.
16801 Streisand, Barbra (1942-...), is an American singer and actress who became famous for her dramatic
interpretation of popular songs.
16802
Strength of materials is a term used by engineers to describe how much force a material can resist.
16803
Streptococcus (plural, streptococci) is a genus (group) of bacteria that share certain characteristics.
16804 Streptomycin is an antibiotic that fights certain disease-causing bacteria.
16805 Stress is a body condition that occurs in response to actual or anticipated difficulties in life.
16806 Strike is a stopping of work by a group of employees.
16807 Strickland, Shirley (1925-...), an Australian athlete, competed successfully as a hurdler at the Olympic
Games three times.
16808 Strindberg, August (1849-1912), a Swedish writer, is one of the key figures in the history of modern
drama.
16809 Strine is a mock language that satirizes the Australian pronunciation of English.
16810 Stritch, Samuel A. Cardinal (1887-1958), was named a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope
Pius XII in February 1946.
16811 Stroessner, Alfredo (1912-...), served as president of Paraguay from 1954 until 1989.
16812 Stroke is the sudden loss of brain function.
16813 Stromboli is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northeastern coast of Sicily.
16814 Strontium, a chemical element, is a soft, silvery metal.
16815 Stroud (pop. 108,300) is a local government district on the edge of the Cotswold Hills, in southern
Gloucestershire, England.
16816
Struve, Otto (1897-1963), was an American astronomer who contributed much to the study of stars.
16817 Strychnine is a bitter and poisonous drug obtained from the seeds of plants such as the nux vomica tree,
found in India and Indonesia.
16818 Strzelecki, Sir Paul Edmund de (1797-1873), a Polish explorer and scientist, climbed and named Mount
Kosciusko, the highest peak in the Australian Alps, in 1840.
16819 Stuart, Gilbert Charles (1755-1828), was an American artist.
16820 Stuart, House of. Stuart is the name of a royal family of England and Scotland.
16821 Stuart, John McDouall (1815-1866), a Scottish-born explorer of remarkable courage and endurance,
made several expeditions into the Australian interior and crossed the continent from south to north in
1862.
16822 Stuart Range is a series of low hills about 210 kilometres west of Lake Eyre in South Australia.
16823 Stubbs, George (1724-1806), a British painter, engraver, and anatomist, won fame for his paintings of
horses.
16824 Stucco is a plasterlike material applied to outside walls.
16825 Studebaker is the name of an American family that became famous as makers of wagons and other
vehicles.
16826 Study is an effort to learn about any subject.
16827 Stumpjump plough was invented because Australia's pioneer farmers needed ploughs that would not be
damaged by stumps and other obstacles left in the ground after clearing.
16828 Sturgeon is the common name of a family of large fishes living in the fresh waters and seas of the North
Temperate Zone.
16829 Sturges, Preston (1898-1959), was an American film writer and director.
16830 Sturt, Charles (1795-1869), a British military officer, made several explorations of Australia.
16831 Sturt Desert lies between Cooper Creek and the Diamantina River, in the northeastern part of South
Australia.
16832 Sturt's desert pea is a spectacular plant that covers wide areas of the arid parts of Australia in a good
season.
16833 Stuttering, also called stammering, is a form of speech characterized by repetitions of sounds or
syllables, by prolonged sounds, by hesitations, or by complete verbal blocks when no sound is
produced.
16834 Stuttgart (pop. 579,988) is the capital of the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg.
16835
Stuyvesant, Peter (1610?-1672), was the last Dutch governor of New Netherland, in North America.
16836 Sty is an infection of a follicle (sac) from which an eyelash grows or of a gland in the eyelid.
16837 Styrofoam is the trade name of one form of a plastic called polystyrene foam.
16838 Styron, William (1925-...), is an American novelist.
16839 Styx was a gloomy river of the Underworld in Greek and Roman mythology.
16840 Suardi Suryaningrat (1889-1959), a prominent Indonesian nationalist, founded the system of education
that became known as Taman Siswa (garden for pupils).
16841 Suarez, Francisco (1548-1617), was a great Spanish theologian, and a founder of the philosophy of
international law.
16842 Subbulakshmi, M. S. (1916-...), is an outstanding singer of Indian classical music.
16843 Sublette, William Lewis (1799?-1845), was an American fur trader and merchant.
16844 Sublimation is the process by which a solid substance changes into a gas, or vapour, without first
becoming a liquid.
16845
Subliminal refers to stimuli that are so weak or last so short a time that a person is not aware of them.
16846 Submarine is a ship that travels underwater.
16847 Subpoena is a written legal order, or writ, to appear as a witness and give testimony in court.
16848 Subsidy is a payment of money or other form of aid by a government to a state company, industry,
private company, or individual.
16849 Subtraction is a way of taking away a number of things from a larger number.
16850 Suburb is a district on the outskirts of a city or town.
16851 Succession wars. Wars growing out of disputes over who should succeed to (inherit) a throne are called
succession wars.
16852 Succulent is the name for a fleshy plant, such as the cactus, that has large stems or leaves in which to
store water.
16853 Sucker is the name given to several kinds of fish closely related to the minnow family.
16854 Suckling, Sir John (1609-1642), was the most famous member of the Cavalier poets, a group associated
with the court of King Charles I of England.
16855 Sucre (pop. 79,941) is the official capital of Bolivia.
16856 Sucre, Antonio Jose de (1795-1830), liberated Ecuador and Bolivia from Spain and served as the first
president of Bolivia.
16857 Sucrose is the chemical name for common table sugar.
16858 Sudan is the largest country in Africa in area.
16859 Sudan grass is a variety of drought-resistant grass traditionally cultivated in Asia and Africa.
16860 Sudden infant death syndrome, also called SIDS, cot death, or crib death, is a condition that results in
the death of an apparently healthy baby.
16861 Sudermann, Hermann (1857-1928), was a German dramatist and novelist associated with the naturalism
movement.
16862 Sudetenland is a region located on the slopes of the Sudeten Mountains.
16863 Suede is a soft leather that has a nap on one side.
16864 Suet is the hard, white fat around the loins and kidneys of some animals, especially cattle and full-grown
sheep.
16865 Suetonius (A.D. 69?-140?) was a Roman biographer.
16866 Suez (pop. 326,820) is an Egyptian city at the southern entrance to the Suez Canal.
16867 Suez Canal is a narrow, artificial waterway in Egypt that extends about 190 kilometres to join the
Mediterranean and Red seas.
16868 Suez Crisis began on July 26, 1956, when the newly elected Egyptian president, Gamal A. Nasser,
nationalized the Suez Canal.
16869 Suffolk is a county on the eastern coast of England.
16870 Suffolk Coastal (pop. 106,800) is a local government district in England on the Suffolk seaboard,
containing large areas of forest and agricultural land.
16871 Suffragettes were British women who struggled during the early 1900's for the right to enjoy the same
suffrage (voting rights) as men.
16872 Sugar is a food widely used as a sweetener.
16873 Sugar beet is a plant grown for the sugar contained in its large, fleshy root.
16874 Sugar cane is a tall grass plant that grows in tropical and semitropical countries.
16875 Sugar glider is a small Australian marsupial that can glide up to 50 metres between one tree and
another.
16876 Suggestion, in psychology, is the acceptance of an idea by the mind without critical thought.
16877 Suharto (1921-...), an Indonesian army general, gradually took over control of his country from President
Sukarno between 1965 and 1967.
16878 Sui dynasty was a Chinese dynasty (family of rulers) that governed from A.D. 581 to 618.
16879 Suicide is the act of deliberately killing oneself.
16880 Suir is a river in the southeastern part of the Republic of Ireland.
16881 Suit. People who seek the help of a court of law to enforce their rights may be said to "bring suit."
Someone who has suffered injury at the hands of another may bring suit for damages.
16882 Suite is a type of musical composition.
16883 Sukarno (1901-1970), also spelled Soekarno, was a leader in Indonesia's struggle for independence
from Dutch rule.
16884 Sukkot is a Jewish festival that begins on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Tishri (approximately
September and October).
16885 Suleiman I (1494-1566) became known in the Western world as The Magnificent, but among his own
people as The Lawgiver.
16886 Sulgrave Manor is an estate in Northamptonshire, England, which is regarded as the home of the
ancestors of George Washington, the first president of the United States of America.
16887 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (138-78 B.C.), reformed the Roman government.
16888 Sullivan, Sir Arthur Seymour (1842-1900), was a British composer best known for a series of comic
operettas he wrote with the British playwright Sir William Gilbert.
16889 Sullivan, John L. (1858-1918), a famous American boxer, held the world heavyweight championship
from 1882 to 1892.
16890 Sullivan, Louis Henri (1856-1924), ranks with Frank Lloyd Wright and Henry Hobson Richardson as one
of America's greatest architects.
16891 Sully, Thomas (1783-1872), an American painter, was noted for his elegant portraits.
16892 Sully-Prudhomme, Rene Francois Armand (1839-1907), a French poet, won the 1901 Nobel Prize for
literature.
16893 Sulman, Sir John (1849-1934), a British-born architect, created a fund from which is provided the John
Sulman Medal.
16894 Sulphate is a chemical compound that contains a certain group of associated atoms of sulphur and
oxygen.
16895 Sulphide is a compound of sulphur with some other element, usually a metal.
16896 Sulphonamide is any of a group of chemically related antibacterial compounds.
16897 Sulphur is a yellow, nonmetallic chemical element that is found in many parts of the world.
16898 Sulphur dioxide is a colourless, poisonous gas with a sharp odour.
16899 Sulphuric acid is a colourless, dense, oily liquid that is extremely corrosive.
16900 Sultan is a title of honour given to Muslim princes and rulers.
16901 Sulu Sea lies between the Philippine Islands and Borneo.
16902 Sumach is the name of a group of small trees and shrubs of the cashew family.
16903 Sumatra is the second largest island of Indonesia, after Kalimantan.
16904 Sumer, an ancient region in southern Mesopotamia (now southeastern Iraq), was the birthplace of the
world's first civilization.
16905 Summer is the warmest season of the year.
16906 Summons is an order served (delivered) by an officer of a court.
16907 Sumner, James Batcheller (1887-1955), an American biochemist, crystallized the first enzyme.
16908 Sumptuary law. The word sumptuary comes from a Latin word which means expenditure.
16909 Sun is a huge, glowing ball of gases at the centre of the solar system.
16910 Sun City is a tourist resort in North West province of South Africa.
16911 Sun lamp is an electrical device that produces artificial ultraviolet radiation.
16912 Sun worship developed in some lands as people came to associate the sun with the growing season and
with warmth.
16913 Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), a Chinese statesman and revolutionary leader, fought to establish a republic
of China.
16914 Sunbird is the common name of about 115 species of small songbirds.
16915 Sunburn is a painful inflammation of the skin caused by overexposure to the sun.
16916 Sunday is the first day of the week among Christian peoples.
16917 Sunderland (pop. 286,800) is a local government area in northeastern England.
16918 Sundew is an unusual plant that traps and digests insects.
16919 Sundial is the oldest known device for the measurement of time.
16920 Sundiata Keita (?-1255) ruled the Mali Empire in West Africa from about 1240 to 1255.
16921 Sunfish is the name for several kinds of fish.
16922 Sunflower is a tall plant known for its showy yellow flowers.
16923 Sunni Ali (?-1492?) ruled the Songhai Empire in West Africa from 1464 to 1492.
16924 Sunnis are the followers of the Sunni division of the Islamic religion.
16925 Sunshine Coast, in Australia, is a region of 3,107 square kilometres that includes the shires of
Landsborough, Maroochy, and Noosa, in southeastern Queensland.
16926 Sunspot is a relatively dark area on the surface of the sun.
16927 Sunstroke is the common name for conditions that result from overheating the body.
16928 Supercomputer is the fastest type of computer.
16929 Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which certain metals, alloys, and ceramics conduct electricity
without resistance.
16930 Supermarket is a large store that sells food and various other products.
16931 Supernova is a star that explodes and becomes billions of times as bright as the sun before gradually
fading.
16932 Superstition is a traditional belief that a certain action or event can cause or foretell an apparently
unrelated event.
16933 Suppe, Franz von (1819-1895), was an Austrian composer known for his operettas in the Viennese
style.
16934 Supply and demand are economic forces that determine the amount of a product that is produced and its
price.
16935 Supremacy, Acts of, passed in 1534 and 1559, were two steps in the development of the Church in
England away from papal control and towards the establishment of the Church of England.
16936 Surabaya (pop. 2,159,170) is the second largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta.
16937 Surapati (?-1706), a Balinese soldier, rose from being a slave to the position of a semi-independent ruler
in Java in the 1600's.
16938 Surf lifesaving is an Australian term for a movement made up of trained voluntary lifesavers who patrol
ocean beaches each weekend to make them safe for bathers.
16939 Surface tension is a force that causes the surface of liquids to behave in certain ways.
16940 Surfers Paradise (22,484), a tourist centre in Australia situated on Queensland's popular Gold Coast, is
famous for its many hotels and its sporting facilities.
16941 Surfing is an exciting water sport in which a person rides waves, usually in the ocean.
16942 Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease, deformities, or injuries by
operations.
16943 Surinam toad is an odd-shaped toad known for the unusual way it raises its young.
16944 Suriname is a country on the northeast coast of South America.
16945 Surrealism is a movement in art and literature.
16946 Surrey, an English county that lies south of London, has much beautiful scenery and many fine old
buildings.
16947 Surrey, Earl of (1517?-1547), is usually linked in literary history with Sir Thomas Wyatt.
16948 Surrey Heath (pop. 78,300) is a local government district in Surrey, England, administered from the town
of Camberley.
16949 Surtees, John (1934-...), British motorcyclist and racing driver, was world champion for 500 cc (cubic
centimetre capacity) motorcycling in 1956, 1958, 1959, and 1960.
16950 Surveying is the technique of measuring to determine the position of points, or of marking out points and
boundaries.
16951
Susa, also called Shush, was once the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Elam and the Persian Empire.
16952 Sushruta was an Indian doctor and writer who lived in the A.D. 400's.
16953 Suslov, Mikhail Andreyevich, (1902-1982), was a leading Soviet Communist Party official.
16954
Suspension is a mixture in which the particles of a substance separate from a liquid or gas slowly.
16955 Sussex is a large county on the southeastern coast of England.
16956 Sussex spaniel originated in England, and gets its name from the county of Sussex, in southern
England.
16957 Sutan Sjahrir (1909-1966) was an early leader in the struggle for Indonesian independence from Dutch
rule.
16958
Sutcliff, Rosemary (1920-1992), a British author, won a wide reputation as a writer of children's novels.
16959 Sutcliffe, Bert (1923-...), was a brilliant left-handed opening batsman.
16960 Sutherland (pop. 13,743) is a local government district in the extreme north of Highland Region,
Scotland.
16961 Sutherland, Graham (1903-1980), one of the United Kingdom's best-known painters, gained fame
primarily as a painter of atmosphere in landscapes.
16962 Sutherland, Dame Joan (1926-...), an Australian operatic soprano, won acclaim for her brilliant vocal
technique.
16963 Sutherland, Margaret (1897-1984), was the first Australian composer to write modern music.
16964 Sutherland Falls is the fifth highest mountain waterfall in the world.
16965 Sutlej River is the longest branch of the Indus, the chief river of Pakistan.
16966 Suttee is a Hindu custom once widely practised in India.
16967 Sutton (pop. 164,300) is a borough within the Greater London area.
16968 Sutton Hoo is a hill at Sutton, in Suffolk, England, on the east bank of the River Deben, opposite the
town of Woodbridge.
16969 Suture is the line formed where bones are joined in an immovable joint, as in the skull.
16970 Suva (pop. 71,608) is the capital and largest city of Fiji, a country made up of more than 800 islands in
the South Pacific Ocean.
16971 Suzhou (pop. 3,273,010) is an ancient Chinese city known for its canals, gardens, and pagodas
(temples).
16972 Suzman, Helen (1917-...), became South Africa's best-known woman politician.
16973
Suzuki method is a way of teaching children how to play certain musical instruments at a very early age.
16974
Svalbard is a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, about midway between Norway and the North Pole.
16975
Svedberg, Theodor (1884-1971), a Swedish chemist, became famous for developing the ultracentrifuge.
16976 Swagman was a farm worker who walked from job to job in Australia during the 1800's.
16977 Swahili are an African people of mixed Bantu and Arab ancestry.
16978 Swain reefs lie about 193 kilometres off the eastern coast of Australia.
16979 Swale (pop. 113,700) is a local government district in the north of Kent, England.
16980 Swallow is a small, graceful bird.
16981 Swammerdam, Jan (1637-1680), was a Dutch anatomist and zoologist.
16982 Swamp is a wet area of land where trees and shrubs grow and where surface water is present for at
least part of the year.
16983 Swan is a water bird closely related to ducks and geese.
16984
Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson (1828-1914), was a leading English chemist, electrical engineer, and inventor.
16985 Swan Hill (pop. 9,358), is a city on the Murray River in Victoria, Australia.
16986 Swan River is a river in Western Australia.
16987
Swan River Colony was established on the present sites of Fremantle and Perth in Western Australia.
16988 Swanscombe man was a type of prehistoric human being who lived about 350,000 years ago.
16989 Swansea (pop. 182,100) is an important industrial centre and seaport in South Wales.
16990 Swastika is an ancient symbol often used as an ornament or a religious sign.
16991 Swaziland is a small, beautiful country in southern Africa.
16992 Sweatshop is a term for makeshift factories where poverty-stricken people--mostly women and children--
work at top speed for 12 or more hours a day in an effort to earn a living wage.
16993 Swede is a plant with an edible root that tastes like a turnip.
16994 Sweden is a prosperous industrial nation in northern Europe.
16995 Swedenborg, Emanuel (1688-1772), was a Swedish scientist, inventor, and mystical religious leader
(see SWEDENBORGIANS).
16996 Swedenborgians follow the formulation of Christian doctrine as set forth by Emanuel Swedenborg, a
Swedish theologian.
16997 Swedish vallhund, or Vastgotaspets, is a native dog of southern Sweden.
16998 Sweet alyssum is a low, spreading plant with clusters of tiny flowers.
16999 Sweet cicely is a European perennial plant related to cow parsley, but it is a stouter plant that grows up
to 1 metre high.
17000 Sweet flag is a tall reedlike plant of the arum family.
17001 Sweet gum, also called red gum, is a tall, stately tree.
17002
Sweet pea is a favourite garden flower that belongs to the same family as the kind of pea that we eat.
17003 Sweet potato is a vegetable with large, fleshy, edible roots.
17004 Sweet William is a popular garden plant that is native to northern Europe and Asia.
17005 Sweetbread is a tasty meat that comes from certain internal organs in young animals.
17006 Sweets are many kinds of popular sweet-tasting food.
17007
Swettenham, Sir Frank (1850-1946), a British administrator, is widely acknowledged as "the father and
founder of modern Malaya." In 1874, he was appointed assistant resident (adviser) of Selangor.
17008 Swift is a small bird that can fly for many hours with its long, strong wings.
17009 Swift is the name of certain small, quick-moving lizards.
17010 Swift, Frank (1913-1958), was a notable British soccer player.
17011 Swift, Jonathan (1667-1745), an English author, wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a masterpiece of comic
literature.
17012 Swimming is the act of moving through water by using the arms and legs.
17013 Swimming pool. Millions of people in many countries enjoy the fun and recreation provided by swimming
pools.
17014 Swinburne, Algernon Charles (1837-1909), was one of the major English poets of the 1800's.
17015 Swindon is the largest town in Wiltshire, England.
17016 Swiss is a fine, sheer cotton cloth that was first made in Switzerland.
17017 Swiss chard is a garden vegetable plant.
17018 Swiss Guard. This famous body of Swiss soldiers grew out of a group of 250 Swiss who were picked to
guard the pope in the late 1400's.
17019 Swithin, Saint, also spelled Swithun, was a bishop of Winchester, England.
17020 Switzerland is a small European country known for its beautiful, snow-capped mountains and freedomloving
people.
17021 Sword is a sharp-edged metal weapon.
17022 Swordfish is a large ocean fish with a long, rounded body and large eyes.
17023 Sycamore is a type of maple tree native to central and southeastern Europe.
17024 Sydenham, Thomas (1624-1689), an English doctor, was one of the most widely admired doctors of his
time.
17025 Sydney is Australia's oldest and largest city.
17026 Sydney was a cruiser of the Royal Australian Navy during World War II (1939-1945).
17027 Sydney Cove is part of Sydney Harbour, in New South Wales, Australia.
17028
Sydney Harbour, in New South Wales, Australia, is one of the finest natural harbours in the world.
17029 Sydney Harbour Bridge, in New South Wales, is Australia's most famous bridge, and one of the longest
single-span bridges in the world.
17030 Sydney Harbour Tunnel, in New South Wales, Australia, is a 2.3-kilometre long, four-lane link between
freeways north and south of Sydney Harbour.
17031 Sydney-Hobart yacht race is one of the world's classic ocean racing events.
17032
Sydney Opera House in Sydney, Australia, is often considered one of the great buildings of the 1900's.
17033 Syed Sheik al Hadi (1862?-...?) was a prominent Islamic writer, publisher, and editor in Malaya during
the early 1900's.
17034 Sylvester I, Saint (?-335), was elected pope in 314.
17035 Sylvester II (940-1003), elected pope in 999, became the first French pope.
17036 Symbiosis means living together.
17037 Symbol is anything that communicates a fact or an idea or that stands for an object.
17038 Symbolism is a literary movement started by a group of French poets between 1885 and 1895.
17039 Syme is the name of a family connected with The Age, a newspaper published in Melbourne, Australia,
since the 1800's.
17040 Symons, George James (1838-1900), a meteorologist, started the collection of British rainfall statistics in
1860.
17041 Symphonic poem is an orchestral composition that tries to portray a nonmusical idea in music.
17042 Symphony is a large-scale musical composition for an orchestra.
17043 Synagogue is the Jewish house of worship and the centre of Jewish education and social life.
17044
Synchro-cyclotron is a device that accelerates protons or heavier nuclear particles to high energies.
17045 Synchrotron is a device that accelerates electrons and protons to high energies.
17046 Syndicalism was a revolutionary labour movement that achieved its greatest popularity in France during
the late 1800's and early 1900's.
17047 Synge, John Millington (1871-1909), was an Irish dramatist.
17048 Synge, Richard Laurence Millington (1914-...), a British biochemist, shared in 1952 Nobel Prize for
chemistry with A. J. P. Martin for the invention of partition chromatography.
17049 Synonym is a word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word.
17050 Syntax is a description of the way words are put together to make sentences.
17051 Synthesizer is a musical instrument that produces sounds electronically.
17052 Synthetic fuel is fuel that can be substituted for crude oil and natural gas.
17053 Synthetics are artificially created substances in which two or more elements are chemically combined to
make a new compound.
17054
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that can lead to a variety of severe symptoms if left untreated.
17055 Syracuse, on the southeastern coast of Sicily, was one of the most powerful cities of the ancient Greek
world.
17056 Syracuse (pop. 163,860; met. area pop. 659,864) is an industrial centre of the state of New York, U.S.A.
It was once called Salt City because it produced so much salt.
17057 Syria is an Arab country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
17058 Syrian Desert is a triangular desert plateau that extends northward from the An Nafud Desert of northern
Arabia.
17059 Syringe is a pumplike device.
17060 Systems analysis is the study of how the parts of a system work together.
17061 Szczecin, or in German, Stettin (pop. 414,200), is the leading port of Poland.
17062 Szell, George (1897-1970), was a Hungarian-born musician known principally as a symphony orchestra
conductor.
17063 Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert (1893-1986), an American biochemist, discovered actin, a muscle protein.
17064 Szigeti, Joseph (1892-1973), was a famous Hungarian-born violinist.
17065
Szilard, Leo (1898-1964), an American physicist, pioneered work in the development of nuclear energy.
17066 T is the 20th letter of the English alphabet.
17067 Tabernacle, also called the Tent of Meeting, was the centre of worship of the Israelites during early
Biblical times.
17068 Tabes means a wasting away of the body.
17069 Table Mountain is one of South Africa's best known landmarks.
17070 Table tennis, or ping-pong, is a lively indoor game that resembles a miniature version of tennis.
17071 Taboo is an action, object, person, or place forbidden by law or culture.
17072 Tabriz (pop. 852,296), is the fourth largest city in Iran.
17073 Tache, Sir Etienne-Paschal (1795-1865), was a Canadian statesman.
17074 Tachometer is a device that is used for measuring the speed of rotation of a spinning shaft or wheel,
usually in terms of revolutions per minute (rpm).
17075 Tachycardia is an unusually fast heartbeat, sometimes referred to as palpitations.
17076 Tachyon is a hypothetical elementary particle.
17077 Tacitus, Cornelius (c. A.D. 55-120), was one of the world's greatest historians.
17078 Tacloban (pop. 137,190) is the chief city of Leyte Island in the Philippines.
17079
Taconite is a hard rock that contains about 30 per cent iron in the form of fine specks of iron oxide.
17080 Tadpole is an immature frog or toad.
17081 Taegu (pop. 2,229,040) is the third largest city in South Korea.
17082 Tael was a Chinese weight indicating a unit of value in silver.
17083 Taff-Ely (pop. 95,400) is a local government area in Mid Glamorgan, Wales.
17084 Taffeta is a smooth, rather stiff cloth of rayon, nylon, or silk.
17085 Taft, Lorado (1860-1936), was an American sculptor, teacher, and writer.
17086 Taft, William Howard (1857-1930), was president of the United States from 1909 to 1913.
17087 Taglioni, Marie (1804-1884), was one of the most famous ballerinas of the early 1800's.
17088 Tagore, Rabindranath (1861-1941), one of the greatest poets of modern India, received the 1913 Nobel
Prize for literature.
17089 Tagus River, also called Tajo, is the longest river of the Iberian Peninsula of southwest Europe.
17090 Tahiti, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, is known for its exotic beauty and tropical climate.
17091 Tahr is the name of three species of goatlike antelopes.
17092 Tail is the part of the body of a vertebrate animal that extends backward beyond the pelvis.
17093 Tailorbird is a songbird found in tropical regions of China, India, Malaya, and the Philippines.
17094 Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe (1828-1893), was a French intellectual and critic.
17095 Taipan is Australia's largest and most feared venomous snake.
17096 Taipei (pop. 2,637,100), is the capital and largest city of the island country of Taiwan.
17097 Taira was the name of a family that ruled Japan from about 1160 to 1185.
17098
Taiwan is a mountainous island in the South China Sea, about 140 kilometres off the Chinese coast.
17099 Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful and costly tombs in the world.
17100 Tajikistan, also spelled Tadzhikistan, is a mountainous country in central Asia.
17101 Takahe is a flightless bird that lives only in New Zealand.
17102 Takdir Alisjahbana, Sutan (1908-1994), an Indonesian writer and philosopher, became known for his
pioneering studies of the Indonesian language and its literature.
17103 Takin is a large hoofed mammal closely related to goats, sheep, and musk oxen.
17104 Taklimakan Desert lies in northwestern China between the Tian Shan and Kunlun mountains.
17105 Talbotype is a picture made by an early photographic process.
17106 Talc is a soft mineral found in flat smooth layers of rock, and in compact masses.
17107 Talent is a famous old unit of weight and value.
17108 Talgai skull, a partly fossilized human skull, was discovered in 1884 near Warwick on the Darling Downs
in Queensland, Australia.
17109 Tallchief, Maria (1925-...), became the first American-trained ballerina of international importance.
17110 Talleyrand (1754-1838) was a French statesman famous for his diplomatic achievements under
Napoleon I and at the Congress of Vienna.
17111 Tallinn (pop. 458,000) is the capital and largest city of Estonia.
17112 Tallis, Thomas (1505?-1585), was an English composer of religious vocal music during the Renaissance
period.
17113 Tallon, Don (1916-1984), an Australian cricketer, was one of the leading wicket keepers in test cricket in
the late 1940's and the 1950's.
17114 Tallow is a fatty substance used in many products.
17115 Tallowtree is the name of several trees that produce a waxy substance that can be used like tallow for
making candles.
17116 Talmadge, Eugene (1884-1946), was an American Democratic politician.
17117
Talmadge, Herman Eugene (1913-...), an American politician, is a member of the Democratic Party.
17118 Talmud is a collection of Jewish religious and civil laws, together with scholarly interpretations of their
meaning.
17119 Tamarin is a type of small monkey that lives in tropical rainforests in Central and South America.
17120 Tamarind is an attractive evergreen tree that grows in the tropics.
17121 Tamarisk is a small tree or shrub which grows on salty ground.
17122 Tamayo, Rufino (1899-1991), was an important Mexican painter.
17123 Tambo, Oliver (1917-1993), led the African National Congress (ANC) in exile after it was banned in
South Africa in 1960.
17124 Tamborine Mountains form a chain stretching 19 kilometres in Queensland, Australia.
17125 Tambourine is a percussion instrument that consists of a narrow wooden or metal hoop with a thin
membrane (sheet) of plastic or animal skin stretched across one side.
17126 Tamerlane (1336?-1405) was an Asian conqueror who created by the sword a vast but short-lived
empire.
17127 Tameside (pop. 211,700) is a local government area in Greater Manchester, England.
17128 Tamil Nadu is a state in southeast India.
17129 Tamm, Igor Yevgenevich (1895-1971), a Soviet physicist, shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for physics with
Pavel A. Cherenkov and Ilya M. Frank.
17130 Tammar is an extremely small wallaby.
17131 Tampa, Florida (pop. 280,015), is a major United States seaport, an important commercial and industrial
centre, and Florida's third largest city.
17132
Tampere (pop. 176,149; met. area pop. 218,722) is Finland's second largest city and industrial centre.
17133 Tampico (pop. 272,690) is the second most important port in Mexico, after Veracruz.
17134 Tamworth (pop. 68,900) is a borough in Staffordshire, England.
17135 Tamworth (pop. 35,068) is a city in New South Wales, Australia.
17136 Tan Chee Khoon (1919-...), a popular politician, became known as Mr. Opposition because of the role
he played in the Malaysian parliament.
17137 Tan Cheng Lock (1883-1960), later known as Sir Cheng-lock Tan, was a Chinese political leader in
Malaya.
17138 Tan Kah Kee (1874-1961), a Singapore businessman, was one of Southeast Asia's most outstanding
industrialists, philanthropists, and political leaders.
17139 Tan Malaka (1896?-1949), an Indonesian Communist, played an important part in his country's struggle
for independence from Dutch rule.
17140 Tan Tock Seng (1798-1850) became a leader of the Chinese community in Singapore.
17141 Tanager is the common name given to a subfamily of American birds, many of which have brilliant red,
blue, or green feathers.
17142 Tanami Desert Sanctuary is one of Australia's largest wildlife reserves, covering more than 3.5 million
hectares of the Northern Territory.
17143 Tandridge (pop. 75,000) is a local government district in Surrey, England.
17144 Tang dynasty was a series of rulers who governed China from A.D. 618 to 907.
17145 Tange, Kenzo (1913-...), is a Japanese architect.
17146 Tangelo is a mandarin citrus fruit that results from cross-pollination between a tangerine and a
grapefruit.
17147 Tangerine is the popular name for a citrus fruit of the mandarin group.
17148 Tangier (pop. 266,346), also spelled Tanger, is a city on the northern coast of Morocco.
17149 Tangiwai is a settlement 16 kilometres south of Ohakune, in the central part of the North Island of New
Zealand.
17150 Tango was the first Latin American dance to gain great international popularity.
17151 Tangor is a citrus fruit that belongs to the mandarin family (see MANDARIN).
17152 Tanguy, Yves (1900-1955), a French-born surrealist artist, painted with precise technique a strange
world where objects such as bones and rocks are grouped in fantastic structures.
17153 Tank is an armoured combat vehicle.
17154 Tank Stream, in Sydney, was a watercourse that rose on the Hyde Park plateau and flowed north to
enter Sydney Cove near Bridge Street.
17155 Tanker is a ship designed to carry liquid cargo.
17156 Tanner, Henry Ossawa (1859-1937), was a black American painter.
17157 Tannhauser was a German minnesinger (minstrel) of the 1200's.
17158 Tannic acid, also called tannin, is a group of chemical substances found in the bark, leaves, fruit, roots,
and other parts of many trees.
17159 Tansy is a plant related to the thistle.
17160 Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta.
17161 Tantalus was a king of Lydia in Greek mythology.
17162 Tanzania is a large country in eastern Africa that borders the Indian Ocean.
17163 Tanzanite is a semiprecious gemstone.
17164 Taoism is a philosophy that began in China, probably during the 300's B.C. Taoism is also the name of a
religion that began in about the 100's B.C. Through the centuries, the philosophy has influenced artists
and writers in the East and West.
17165 Tape recorder is a device for recording sound, pictures, and various kinds of information on magnetic
tape.
17166 Tapestry is a woven fabric made from threads of different colours to form a picture or design.
17167 Tapeworm is any of a group of tapelike flatworms that live as parasites.
17168 Tapioca is a food starch that is widely used in making puddings.
17169
Tapiola, a community in the city of Espoo, Finland, became world famous as a model for city planning.
17170 Tapir is related to the horse and rhinoceros, though it looks more like a pig.
17171 Tar is any of a group of thick, oily, dark-brown or black liquids.
17172 Tarantella is a popular folk dance that originated in southern Italy.
17173 Tarantula is the common name of any one of a group of mostly large, hairy spiders.
17174 Tararuas is a range of mountains in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand.
17175 Tarawa (pop. 24,598), is the capital of Kiribati, a country of many small islands in the southwest Pacific
Ocean.
17176 Taree (pop. 40,513) is the chief town of the Manning River area, a prosperous dairy-farming and cattle
breeding area in eastern New South Wales, Australia.
17177 Tariff is a tax placed on goods that one nation imports from another.
17178 Tarkington, Booth (1869-1946), was an American novelist and dramatist.
17179 Tarnish. When a metal rusts, or combines with oxygen, it is tarnished.
17180 Taro is a tropical plant used as food.
17181
Tarpan was a wild horse that lived in the forests of Europe and on the steppes (vast plains) of Russia.
17182 Tarpon is a large game fish that resembles a herring.
17183 Tarquinius was the name of two of the seven legendary kings of Rome.
17184 Tarpeena is a small town in South Australia, 460 kilometres southeast of Adelaide, and 30 kilometres
north of Mount Gambier.
17185 Tarragon is a plant that provides leaves used to flavour meats, vegetables, sauces, dressings, vinegar,
and cooking oil.
17186 Tarsier is a small mammal with a round head and unusually large owllike eyes.
17187 Tarsus (pop. 146,502), a city in south-central Turkey, is an agricultural centre.
17188 Tartan is a plaid cloth pattern that developed chiefly in Scotland.
17189 Tartar emetic is a medicinal preparation once used to cause vomiting.
17190 Tartaric acid is an organic chemical that occurs naturally in grapes and several other fruit.
17191 Tartarus was a deep pit below the surface of the earth in early Greek mythology.
17192
Tartary was once the name of a vast region in Europe and Asia which was inhabited by tribes of Tatars.
17193 Tartini, Giuseppe (1692-1770), was an Italian violinist, composer, and teacher.
17194 Tartu (pop. 110,000) is the second largest city in Estonia.
17195 Tashkent (pop. 1,986,000) is the capital of Uzbekistan, a country in Asia.
17196 Tasman, Abel Janszoon (1603-1659), a Dutch sea captain, explored the South Pacific Ocean.
17197
Tasman Bay is a wide inlet on the northern coast of Nelson province in the South Island of New Zealand.
17198 Tasman Bridge crosses the Derwent River, in Tasmania, connecting Hobart's eastern shore with the city
centre.
17199 Tasman Peninsula is located in southeastern Tasmania.
17200 Tasman Sea is that part of the Pacific Ocean which lies between southeastern Australia, Tasmania, and
New Zealand.
17201 Tasmania is the smallest state in Australia.
17202 Tasmanian Aborigines of today are mostly descended from the tribal Aboriginal women who were taken
from Tasmania to nearby islands in Bass Strait by European sealers in the early 1800's.
17203 Tasmanian devil is a fierce animal that lives on the Australian island of Tasmania.
17204 Tasmanian tiger, also known as thylacine, or Tasmanian wolf, was a large animal of the Australian island
of Tasmania.
17205 Tass is an important news agency in Russia.
17206 Tasso, Torquato (1544-1595), was an Italian poet of the late Renaissance period.
17207 Taste is an important sense in people and many animals.
17208 Tata is the name of a family prominent in the industrial and commercial life of India.
17209 Tatars are a Turkic-speaking people of Europe and Asia.
17210 Tate, Allen (1899-1979), was an American poet and critic.
17211 Tate, Frank (1863-1939), was an Australian educationist who helped to improve the professional working
conditions and status of teachers as well as teacher training methods in Victoria.
17212 Tate, Maurice (1895-1956), was an England and Sussex all-round cricketer.
17213 Tate Gallery, in London, houses an outstanding collection of paintings and sculptures by both British and
other artists.
17214 Tati, Jacques (1908-1982), was a French film director, comic actor, writer, and mime artist.
17215 Tattersalls, commonly called Tatts, is the oldest lottery in Australia.
17216 Tatting is a form of lacemaking involving only the use of the fingers, a pointed shuttle, and thread.
17217 Tattooing is the practice of making permanent designs on the body.
17218
Tatum, Art (1909-1956), ranks among the greatest piano soloists in the history of jazz improvisation.
17219 Tatum, Edward Lawrie (1909-1975), an American biochemist, shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine for discovering that genes regulate specific chemical processes.
17220
Tauber, Richard (1892-1948), was an Austrian-born British tenor singer famous for his performances in
the operas of Mozart and the operettas of the Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehar.
17221 Taumata is a hill that rises 271 metres southwest of Porangahau, in Hawkes Bay on the North Island of
New Zealand.
17222 Taunton Deane (pop. 93,300) is a local government district in Somerset, England, situated in the Vale of
Taunton Deane.
17223 Tauranga (pop. 70,803) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand.
17224 Taurus, the Bull, is a constellation (group of stars) that forms the second sign of the zodiac.
17225 Taussig, Frank William (1859-1940), was a leading American economist.
17226 Taussig, Helen Brooke (1898-1986), was an American doctor who specialized in children's heart
diseases.
17227 Tavener, John (1944-...), an English composer, won popular acclaim in the early 1990's after The
Protecting Veil (1987), a work for cello and string orchestra, became a best-selling record.
17228 Taverner, John (1495?-1545), was one of the most accomplished composers of church music.
17229 Tawney, Richard Henry (1880-1962), was a noted British historian and social philosopher.
17230 Taxation is a system of raising money to finance government services and activities.
17231
Taxco (pop. 86,864) is a historic silvermining town about 110 kilometres southwest of Mexico City.
17232 Taxi is a car for hire.
17233
Taxidermy is a technique for preserving animals and showing them as they looked when they were alive.
17234 Tay is the longest river in Scotland, flowing 190 kilometres from its source to the North Sea.
17235 Tay-Sachs disease is a hereditary disorder that occurs chiefly among Jewish children of eastern
European ancestry.
17236 Taylor, Brook (1685-1731), an English mathematician, developed the formula that became the basis of
the calculus of finite differences (see CALCULUS).
17237 Taylor, Edward (1642?-1729), was the finest poet in colonial American literature.
17238 Taylor, Elizabeth (1932-...), is an American film actress.
17239 Taylor, G. A. (1872-1928), an Australian pioneer aviator and technician, made what many historians
regard as the first flight in Australia.
17240 Taylor, Sir Geoffrey (1886-1975), an English physicist, devoted a lifetime to science.
17241 Taylor, Sir Gordon (1896-1966), helped to make Australian aviation history.
17242 Taylor, Jeremy (1613-1667), was an English preacher and religious writer.
17243 Taylor, John Henry (1871-1963), was one of the United Kingdom's most successful golfers.
17244 Taylor, Laurette (1884-1946), was an American actress.
17245 Taylor, Mark Anthony (1964-...), is an Australian cricketer.
17246 Taylor, Richard (1805-1873), was a noted author and Anglican missionary in New Zealand.
17247 Taylor, Squizzy (1888-1927), was a notorious Australian criminal.
17248 Taylor, Zachary (1784-1850), was president of the United States from 1849 to 1850.
17249 Tayra is a large member of the weasel family.
17250 Tayside Region lies in eastern Scotland.
17251 Tbilisi (pop. 1,140,000) is the capital of Georgia.
17252 Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich (1840-1893), was the first Russian composer to gain international fame.
17253 Te Heu Heu was the name of five Maori chiefs of the Ngati-Tuwharetoa tribe that lived near Lake Taupo
in the North Island of New Zealand.
17254 Te Kanawa, Dame Kiri (1944-...), a New Zealand opera singer, is one of the most praised sopranos in
the world.
17255 Te Kooti (1831-1893), a warrior chief, was one of the greatest of the Maori leaders during the New
Zealand Wars.
17256 Te Puea Herangi (1884-1952), a Maori princess, was for many years the effective leader of the Kingite
Maori of the North Island of New Zealand.
17257 Te Rauparaha (1768-1849), a Maori chief, was one of the greatest and most ruthless of all the Maori
warriors known to Europeans.
17258 Te Wherowhero (1800-1860) was the first Maori king.
17259 Te Whiti (1831-1907), was a Maori prophet.
17260 Te Wiata, Inia (1915-1971), an actor and singer of Maori, Swedish, and Scottish descent, gained an
international reputation during the 1950's.
17261 Tea is a beverage prepared by pouring boiling water over dry processed tea leaves.
17262 Teagarden, Jack (1905-1964), was an American trombone player and blues singer.
17263 Teak is a forest tree native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia.
17264 Teal is the name of about 15 species of small, dabbling ducks.
17265 Teapot Dome was one of the most notorious government scandals in United States history.
17266 Tears are the secretion of the lacrimal glands.
17267 Teasel is the name of a group of plants that have one commercially valuable species.
17268 Teatree is any one of about 50 kinds of woody shrubs or small trees that grow in Australia and New
Zealand.
17269
Tebaldi, Renata (1922-...), an Italian singer, became one of the great operatic sopranos of her time.
17270 Tebbit, Norman (1931-...), a British Conservative Party politician, was chairman of his party from 1985 to
1987.
17271 Tebbutt, John (1834-1916) was an Australian astronomer who pioneered the study of astronomy in
Australia.
17272 Technetium is a chemical element with symbol, Tc.
17273 Technical drawing, also called mechanical drawing, refers chiefly to a drawing produced with
instruments.
17274 Technicolor is a patented process for making films in colour.
17275 Technology refers to all the ways people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and
desires.
17276 Tecumseh (1768?-1813) was an outstanding leader of the eastern American Indian tribes in the late
1700's and early 1800's.
17277 Tedder, Arthur William (1890-1967), Baron Tedder of Glenguin, became a marshal of the Royal Air
Force of the United Kingdom in 1945.
17278 Tees is a river in northeastern England.
17279 Teesdale (pop. 24,200) is a local government district in Durham.
17280 Teeth are hard, bonelike structures in the upper and lower jaws of human beings and many kinds of
animals.
17281 Tegu, also spelled teju, is the name of two species of ground-dwelling South American lizards.
17282 Tegucigalpa (pop. 571,400) is the capital and largest city of Honduras.
17283 Teheran (pop. 5,734,199), also spelled Tehran, is the capital of Iran and the second largest city in the
Middle East.
17284 Teheran Conference was the first meeting of the main Allied leaders during World War II.
17285 Tehuantepec, Isthmus of, forms the narrowest part of Mexico.
17286 Teifi is a river in Dyfed, in southwest Wales.
17287 Teignbridge (pop. 107,100) is a local government district in south Devon, England.
17288 Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre (1881-1955), was a French palaeontologist (expert in fossils).
17289 Tektite is a glassy stone that may look like a teardrop, ball, disc, rod, dumbbell, or button.
17290 Tel Aviv (pop. 357,400) is the second-largest city of Israel and the nation's chief commercial, financial,
and industrial centre.
17291 Telecommunication is the transmission and reception of messages over long distances.
17292 Telegraph was the first device to send messages by electricity.
17293 Telegraph plant is a herb about 1.2 metres high.
17294
Telemann, Georg Philipp (1681-1767), was perhaps the most famous German composer of his day.
17295 Telemetry means measuring at a distance.
17296
Telepathy is the communication of thoughts, feelings, or knowledge from one person to another without
the use of any of the traditionally accepted senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste, or touch.
17297 Telephone is an instrument that sends and receives voice messages, usually by means of electric
current.
17298 Telephone tapping, or wiretapping, usually means the interception of telephone conversations by a
listening device connected to the telephone wire or placed nearby.
17299 Telephoto, also known as Wirephoto, is a way of sending pictures by wire or radio.
17300 Teleprinter is an electromechanical typewriter that transmits electrical impulses over a wire to a receiver
which prints a message.
17301 Telescope is an instrument that magnifies distant objects.
17302 Teletypesetter (TTS) is an electrical machine somewhat like a teleprinter (see TELEPRINTER).
17303 Television, also called TV, is one of our most important means of communication.
17304 Telford, Thomas (1757-1834), a noted Scottish civil engineer, devised improved methods of road
construction.
17305 Tell, William, was a legendary hero of Switzerland.
17306 Teller, Edward (1908-...), an outstanding American atomic scientist, is often called the father of the
hydrogen bomb.
17307 Teller, Henry Moore (1830-1914), an American politician, served five terms representing Colorado in the
United States Senate.
17308 Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te.
17309 Temperature is how hot or cold something is as measured on a particular scale.
17310 Temperature, Body. Body temperature is a measurement of the heat in an animal's body.
17311 Temperature-humidity index, also called THI, is a scale of values that serves as an estimate to predict
how comfortable people will feel in hot weather.
17312 Tempering is a process of hardening glass and metals, especially steel.
17313 Tempest, Dame Marie (1864-1942), was a popular British comedy actress.
17314 Temple is a house of worship.
17315 Temple, Frederick (1821-1902), became archbishop of Canterbury in 1897.
17316 Temple, Shirley (1928-...), was the most popular child film star of the 1930's.
17317 Temple, William (1881-1944), became archbishop of Canterbury in 1942.
17318 Temple Bar was a gateway at the boundary of the City of London.
17319 Templer, Sir Gerald (1898-1979), was an English field-marshal who served as high commissioner in
Malaya from 1952 to 1954.
17320 Ten Commandments are Biblical rules that state the basic religious and moral ideals of Judaism and
Christianity.
17321 Tenant, in law, is a person who holds or possesses lands or buildings by any kind of title.
17322 Tench is a fish with a heavy body and head, rounded fins, and small scales.
17323 Tench, Watkin (1759?-1833), a British officer, wrote several accounts of life in the early period of the
colony of New South Wales, Australia.
17324 Tendon, also called sinew, is a strong white cord that attaches muscles to bones.
17325 Tendring (pop. 125,100) is a local government district in northeast Essex, England.
17326 Tendulkar, Sachin (1973-...), is an Indian cricketer.
17327 Tenement is a term usually used to describe a crowded, decaying apartment building.
17328 Tenggren, Gustaf (1896-1970), was a Swedish-born painter and illustrator of children's books.
17329 Tennant, Kylie (1912-1988), an Australian author, gained a major reputation as a novelist with Tiburon,
published in 1935, and The Battlers (1941).
17330 Tennant Creek (pop. 3,478), is an important mining centre of the Northern Territory of Australia.
17331 Tennessee is a state in the Southern United States.
17332 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a United States federal government corporation that works to
develop the natural resources of the Tennessee Valley in the U.S.A. The U.S. Congress created TVA in
1933 and gave it the overall goal of conserving the
17333 Tenniel, Sir John (1820-1914), an English cartoonist and book illustrator, illustrated Lewis Carroll's
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871).
17334 Tennis is a game in which opposing players--one or two on each side--use rackets to hit a ball back and
forth over a net.
17335 Tennyson, Lord (1809-1892), Alfred Tennyson, was one of the most important English poets of the
1800's.
17336 Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Aztec empire.
17337 Tenor is the second highest male singing voice.
17338 Tenrec is the name of about 30 species of small mammals that live primarily in Madagascar.
17339 Tense is a feature of verbs that indicates the time of an action.
17340 Tent is a portable shelter that many campers use for protection against the weather and insects.
17341 Tent caterpillar is the larva (second stage in the life cycle) of certain North American moths that damage
trees.
17342 Tentacle is a slender, flexible growth on the head or around the mouth of certain animals.
17343 Tenzing Norgay (1914-1986), a Nepalese mountaineer, became famous as the first person, with the
New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary, to reach the summit of Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the
world.
17344 Teotihuacan was one of the largest cities of ancient Mexico.
17345 Tepee, also spelled tipi, was the type of tent most commonly used by the Plains tribes of North American
Indians.
17346 Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol Tb.
17347 Terence (195?-159? B.C.) was a Roman comic playwright.
17348 Terengganu is a state on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
17349 Teresa, Mother (1910-1997), was a Roman Catholic nun who received the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize for
her work with the poor.
17350 Teresa, Saint (1515-1582), also spelled Theresa, is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.
17351 Tereshkova, Valentina Vladimirovna, (1937-...), a Soviet cosmonaut, became the first woman to travel in
space.
17352 Terhune, Albert Payson (1872-1942), an American writer, was best known for his stories about dogs,
particularly collies.
17353 Terman, Lewis Madison (1877-1956), was an American psychologist who became known for his studies
of intelligence.
17354
Termite is the common name of a group of insects that live in communities somewhat as ants do.
17355 Tern is a subfamily of sea birds related to gulls.
17356 Terracotta, is a hard, durable kind of earthenware.
17357 Terrapin is the common name of some freshwater turtles of the United States.
17358
Terrarium is the name for a transparent container in which small plants or small land animals are kept.
17359 Terrier is the name of a group of breeds of dogs.
17360 Territorial waters are areas of the sea where a nation has sovereign rights.
17361 Territoriality is a form of animal behaviour in which an individual animal or a group claims a certain area
as its own.
17362 Territory is a type of region that belongs to or is controlled by a country or other independent political
unit.
17363 Terrorism is the use or threat of violence to create fear and alarm.
17364 Terry, Dame Ellen (1847-1928), was a leading English actress especially noted for her performances as
Shakespearean heroines.
17365 Tertis, Lionel (1876-1975), became famous as a viola player and designer of stringed instruments.
17366 Tesla, Nikola (1856-1943), an electrical engineer, is generally recognized as the inventor of the induction
motor.
17367 Test Acts. Certain religious laws passed by the English Parliament were known as Test Acts.
17368 Test pilot is a person who flies new aircraft to test them for safety.
17369 Test tube baby is the popular name for a baby resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF).
17370 Test Valley (pop. 99,000) is a local government district in Hampshire, England.
17371 Testicle is either of a pair of small oval glands in the male reproductive system.
17372 Testing, in education and psychology, is an attempt to measure a person's knowledge, intelligence, or
other characteristics in a systematic way.
17373
Testosterone is one of a group of hormones that stimulate sexual development in male human beings.
17374 Tetanus is a serious disease that affects muscles.
17375
Tetany is a condition associated with overexcitability and spontaneous activity of the nervous system.
17376 Tetra is a type of small tropical fish that lives in rivers of South America and Africa.
17377 Tetracycline is any of a family of antibiotics used to treat infections.
17378 Tetraethyl lead is an ingredient added to petrol to improve the performance of engines.
17379 Tetrahedron in geometry, is a regular pyramid whose sides consist of four equilateral triangles.
17380
Tetzel, Johann (1465-1519), was a Dominican friar who sold papal indulgences in Germany in 1517.
17381 Teuku Umar (1854-1899) was a chief in Aceh, northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
17382 Teutonic Knights was the name of an organization of German crusaders that arose in Europe during the
1100's.
17383 Teutons is a name sometimes given to the Germanic peoples.
17384 Teviot is a river in southern Scotland.
17385 Tewkesbury (pop. 87,400) is a borough in Gloucestershire, England.
17386 Texas is a state in the Southwestern United States.
17387 Texas Rangers are special police officers of the U.S. state of Texas.
17388 Textile has traditionally meant a woven fabric.
17389 Teyte, Dame Maggie (1888-1976), achieved fame as an opera and concert singer.
17390
Thackeray, William Makepeace (1811-1863), was one of the great novelists of the English Victorian Age.
17391 Thailand is a tropical country in Southeast Asia.
17392 Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disease that causes anaemia.
17393 Thales (625?-546? B.C.) was the earliest known Greek philosopher.
17394 Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl.
17395 Thames, River, is the most important river in England.
17396 Thane is an Anglo-Saxon title which was used for many years in early England.
17397 Thanet (pop. 121,700) is a local government district in Kent, England.
17398 Thanksgiving Day is a day set aside each year for giving thanks to God for blessings received during the
year.
17399 Thant, U (1909-1974), a Burmese diplomat, served as secretary-general of the United Nations (UN) from
1962 to 1971.
17400 Thar Desert stretches northwest of the Aravalli Range in India across Rajasthan to the Indus River plain
in Pakistan.
17401 Tharp, Twyla (1941-...), is an American dancer and choreographer (creator of dances).
17402 Thatcher, Margaret (1925-...), was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990.
17403 Theatre is a live performance before an audience.
17404
Thebes is the Greek name of a city in ancient Egypt that served as a capital for many Egyptian kings.
17405 Thebes was an ancient city in Boeotia, a region in central Greece.
17406 Theiler is the family name of two South African scientists, a father and son, who gained international
fame.
17407 Theism is belief in a god or gods.
17408 Theme park is an outdoor entertainment centre that offers rides, games, exhibitions, and shows based
on one or more special ideas, or themes.
17409 Themistocles (514?-449? B.C.) was an Athenian statesman and soldier in the Persian Wars.
17410 Theocracy is a form of government in which the state is ruled by a priest or priests, and in which
members of the priesthood have authority in civil and religious matters.
17411
Theocritus (200's B.C.) was a Greek poet who established the character of Greek pastoral poetry.
17412 Theodolite is an instrument surveyors use to measure angles and directions.
17413
Theodora (A.D. 502?-548) was the wife of Justinian I, Byzantine (East Roman) emperor from 527 to 565.
17414 Theodore, E. G. (1884-1950), played a prominent part in Australian politics in the early 1900's.
17415 Theodoric (A.D. 455?-526) was an Ostrogoth (East Goth) king who governed what is now Italy from A.D.
493 until his death.
17416 Theodosius I (A.D. 346-395) was the Roman emperor who prohibited all pagan (non-Christian) practices
in the Roman Empire.
17417 Theology is the study and description of God.
17418 Theorell, Hugo (1903-1982), a Swedish biochemist, made valuable contributions to our knowledge of
enzymes and the combustion of alcohol in the body.
17419 Theosophy is a system of philosophic and religious thought.
17420 Theremin is a boxlike musical instrument that resembles a radio receiver.
17421 Therese of Lisieux, Saint (1873-1897), also called Little Flower of Jesus, became a saint of the Roman
Catholic Church in 1925.
17422 Thermal pollution occurs when hot wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes, seas, or other bodies of
water.
17423 Thermocouple is an electric device that changes heat into electricity or electricity into heat.
17424 Thermodynamics is the study of various forms of energy, such as heat and work, and of the conversion
of energy from one form into another.
17425 Thermography is a detection technique that converts invisible heat energy into a visible picture.
17426 Thermometer is an instrument that measures the temperature of gases, liquids, and solids.
17427 Thermopylae was the name of a mountain pass in ancient Greece.
17428 Thermos flask is a container that keeps liquids hot or cold for many hours.
17429 Thermosphere is the uppermost region of the earth's atmosphere.
17430 Thermostat is a device that helps control the temperature of an indoor area or of an appliance.
17431 Therry, John Joseph (1790-1864), a Roman Catholic priest, landed with his superior, Philip Conolly, in
Sydney in 1820.
17432 Theseus was a great king of early Athens in Greek mythology.
17433 Thespis a Greek actor and dramatist of the 500's B.C., helped to create drama as we know it.
17434 Thessalonians, Epistles to the, are the 13th and 14th books of the New Testament.
17435 Thessaly is a region in northern Greece.
17436 Thiele, Colin (1920-...), an Australian writer, became known particularly for his children's books.
17437 Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877), was the first president of the Third Republic of France.
17438 Thiopentone sodium is a barbiturate used to produce sleep for surgery.
17439 Third World was a name sometimes given to economically developing countries, particularly those in
Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
17440 Thirst is a sensation caused by the body's need for water.
17441 Thirty-Nine Articles were a statement of doctrine issued in England in 1563 and approved by Parliament
in 1571.
17442 Thirty Tyrants was the name given to the government of Athens after the city was captured by the
Spartans in 404 B.C. The men who ruled at this time have also been called simply The Thirty.
17443 Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a series of religious and political wars that eventually involved most
European nations.
17444 Thistle is the name given to a group of plants that have sharp spines or prickles.
17445 Thistle Island lies at the western entrance to Spencer Gulf in South Australia.
17446 Thomas, Ambroise (1811-1896), a French composer, is remembered chiefly for his opera Mignon
(1866).
17447 Thomas, Augustus (1857-1934), was an American dramatist.
17448 Thomas, David Alfred (1856-1918), Viscount Rhondda, was a successful Welsh businessman, coalmine
owner, and politician.
17449 Thomas, Dylan (1914-1953), was a Welsh poet who wrote some of the most stirring, passionate, and
eloquent verse in modern literature.
17450 Thomas, Edward (1878-1917), was a British poet and critic.
17451 Thomas, George (1908-...), Viscount Tonypandy, was speaker of the House of Commons in Britain's
Parliament, from 1976 until 1983.
17452 Thomas, Isaiah (1749-1831), was the leading printer and publisher in colonial America.
17453 Thomas, Lowell (1892-1981), was an American news commentator and author specializing in world
travel.
17454 Thomas, Saint, was one of the 12 apostles of Jesus Christ.
17455 Thomas, Seth (1785-1859), was an American clock manufacturer.
17456 Thomas a Kempis (1380?-1471) was a medieval monk and religious writer.
17457 Thompson, Andrew (1773-1810), a former convict, became the most successful grain grower and one of
the wealthiest settlers in New South Wales, Australia.
17458 Thompson, Daley (1958-...), is one of Britain's most outstanding all-round athletes.
17459 Thompson, David (1770-1857), a Canadian geographer and explorer, travelled the Columbia River from
its source in Canada to its mouth in the United States.
17460 Thomson, Sir Edward Deas (1800-1879), a British administrator, was chancellor of Sydney University in
New South Wales, Australia, from 1865 to 1878.
17461 Thompson, Francis (1859-1907), was an English poet whose emotional poems reflect his intense
Roman Catholic faith.
17462 Thomsen, Christian Jurgensen (1788-1865), was a Danish archaeologist.
17463 Thomson, Lord (1894-1976), Roy Herbert Thomson, Baron Thomson of Fleet, was a leading newspaper
owner.
17464 Thomson, George (1921-...), Baron Thomson of Monifieth, served from 1973 to 1977 as a Common
Market commissioner with special responsibility for regional policy.
17465
Thomson, James (1700-1748), was the most celebrated Scottish poet of the 1700's until Robert Burns.
17466 Thomson, Jeff (1950-...), an Australian cricketer, became one of the fastest bowlers ever timed in
cricket.
17467 Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856-1940), a British physicist, received the 1906 Nobel Prize for physics
for his discovery of the electron.
17468 Thomson, Peter (1929-...), one of Australia's finest golfers, won the British Open Golf Championship five
times - in 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, and 1965.
17469 Thomson, Tom (1877-1917), was a Canadian landscape painter.
17470 Thomson, Virgil (1896-1989), was an American composer and music critic.
17471 Thor, the god of thunder and lightning, was the ruler of the sky in Norse mythology.
17472
Thoreau, Henry David (1817-1862), was an American writer who is remembered for his attacks on the
social institutions he considered immoral and for his faith in the religious significance of nature.
17473 Thorium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Th.
17474 Thorn is a short, sharp, modified stem that grows out of the woody stems of many species of trees and
shrubs.
17475 Thorndike, Edward Lee (1874-1949), an American educational psychologist, made many contributions to
the study of learning, teaching, and mental testing.
17476 Thorndike, Dame Sybil (1882-1976), was a distinguished British actress.
17477 Thornhill, Sir James (1675-1734), was an outstanding British mural painter.
17478 Thornycroft, Sir John (1843-1928), was a British pioneer in naval architecture.
17479 Thorpe, Jeremy (1929-...), was the leader of the Liberal Party from 1967 to 1976.
17480 Thorpe, Jim (1887-1953), was one of the greatest all-round athletes in history.
17481 Thorvaldsen, Bertel (1770-1844), was a Danish sculptor.
17482 Thoth was an ancient Egyptian moon god.
17483 Thousand Islands is a group of more than a thousand islands in the Saint Lawrence River, in North
America.
17484 Thrace was the ancient name for a large region in the Balkan Peninsula.
17485 Thrasher is the name of a group of brownish, long-tailed birds found from southern Canada to South
America.
17486 Thread is a fine cord.
17487 Thredbo is a village and large ski resort within the Kosciusko National Park in the Snowy Mountains of
southern New South Wales, Australia.
17488 Three Kings are islands off the northeastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
17489 Three Rivers (pop. 74,100) is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England.
17490 Three Sisters are huge formations of sandstone near Katoomba, in the Blue Mountains of New South
Wales, Australia.
17491 Threshing machine is a machine that farmers once used to thresh (separate) kernels of grain from
stalks.
17492 Thrifts are a group of colourful plants used in rock gardens and flower-bed borders.
17493 Thring, Edward (1821-1887), was a leading supporter of the public (fee paying) school system in the
United Kingdom.
17494 Thrips are short, slender insects with sucking mouthparts.
17495 Throat is a popular term for the front part of the neck between the chin and the collar bone.
17496 Thrush is the name of a group of songbirds found throughout the world.
17497 Thrush is an infection with a yeastlike fungus, usually one known as Candida albicans.
17498
Thucydides (460?-400? B.C.), a Greek historian, became the world's first historian who aimed to write
an unbiased and accurate history that would also reveal the workings of human nature in society.
17499 Thug is a member of an old society in India, the members of which killed in the name of religion.
17500 Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm.
17501 Thumboo, Edwin (1933-...), a Singapore writer, critic, and academic, became professor of English at the
National University of Singapore in 1979.
17502 Thunder. Prehistoric people thought that thunder was the sound of the gods roaring in anger when they
were displeased with the people of the earth.
17503 Thunderbolt, Captain, was a bushranger who operated mainly in the New England district of New South
Wales, Australia, between 1864 and 1870.
17504 Thuraisingham, Dato Sir Clough (1898-1979), a politician and a prominent member of the Tamil
community in Malaya, found the Ceylon Federation of Malaya.
17505 Thurber, James (1894-1961), was a celebrated American humorist.
17506 Thuringowa is a city surrounding Townsville in northern Queensland.
17507 Thurrock (pop. 124,300), is a unitary authority with all the local government powers within its boundaries
in the county of Essex, England.
17508 Thursday is the fifth day of the week.
17509 Thursday Island lies in the Torres Strait, about 40 kilometres north of Cape York, in Australia.
17510 Thurstone, Louis Leon (1887-1955), an American psychologist, played a major role in the development
of psychological tests.
17511 Thutmose III (reigned c. 1490-1436 B.C.) ranks among the greatest of all the kings of Egypt.
17512 Thyme is the name of a group of fragrant, shrubby mint plants native to the Mediterranean region.
17513 Thymus is a flat, pinkish-grey organ that plays an important part in the immune system of the human
body.
17514 Thyroid gland is an endocrine (hormone-producing) gland located in the front of the neck.
17515 Tian Shan, also spelled Tien Shan, is a mountain system in central Asia.
17516 Tianjin (pop. 5,804.023) is a trading centre in northern China.
17517 Tiber River is the third longest river in Italy.
17518 Tiberius (42 B.C.-A.D. 37) was the emperor of Rome during the life of Jesus Christ.
17519 Tibet is a land in south-central Asia.
17520 Tibetan spaniel is a breed of dog that originated in Tibet hundreds of years ago.
17521
Tibetan terrier is a breed of dog that originated in Tibet, where Buddhist monks raised it in monasteries.
17522
Tic is a term used to describe repetitive, brief, rapid, involuntary movements of various muscle groups.
17523 Tick is the name of a tiny, bloodsucking animal that is related to mites, spiders, and scorpions.
17524 Tick fever is a name for several diseases carried by the bite of ticks.
17525 Ticking is a strong fabric used chiefly to cover mattresses and pillows.
17526 Ticknor, George (1791-1871), an American scholar, became noted for his learned work, History of
Spanish Literature (1849).
17527 Tidal wave is a destructive wave that sweeps in from the sea like a huge tide.
17528 Tide is the rise and fall of large expanses of water, on a definite time schedule.
17529 Tie dyeing is a method of dyeing cloth to produce a design.
17530
Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista (1696-1770), was the last important Italian painter of the Venetian group.
17531
Tierra del Fuego is the name of a group of islands lying off the extreme southern tip of South America.
17532 Tiffany, Charles Lewis (1812-1902), was an American dealer in precious stones.
17533 Tiffany, Louis Comfort (1848-1933), was a major stained-glass designer of the late 1800's and early
1900's.
17534 Tiger is the largest member of the cat family.
17535
Tiger cat, or spotted-tailed quoll, is a flesh-eating marsupial that lives in eastern Australia and Tasmania.
17536 Tiger lily is a tall garden flower that originally grew in eastern Asia.
17537 Tiger shark gets its name from the characteristic prominent dark bars on its back and sides.
17538 Tiger snake is the name of one of Australia's deadliest snakes.
17539 Tiglath-pileser III (?-727 B.C.) was a king of Assyria, a land centred in what is now northern Iraq.
17540 Tigris River is a major river of southwestern Asia.
17541 Tijuana (pop. 698,752) is a city in the Mexican state of Baja California Norte.
17542 Tikal was one of the largest cities of the Maya civilization.
17543 Tikhonov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (1905-1997), served as premier of the Soviet Union from 1980 to
1985.
17544 Tiki is a Maori neck pendant in the form of a human figure (see MAORI).
17545 Tilak, Bal Gangadhar (1856-1920), an Indian politician and journalist, was an early leader in the
campaign for Indian independence from British rule.
17546 Tile. All the several kinds of clay tile are made in much the same way.
17547 Tilefish is a deep-sea fish that lives along the north-east coast of North America.
17548 Tilley, Vesta (1864-1952), was a male impersonator who appeared mainly in British music halls.
17549 Tillich, Paul (1886-1965), was an important German-born theologian.
17550 Tilly, Count of (1559-1632), was a leading Roman Catholic general during the Thirty Years' War, a
struggle between European Catholics and Protestants.
17551 Timaru (pop. 27,637), is a city on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand, about 160
kilometres south of Christchurch.
17552 Timber includes logs and unprocessed wood, as well as standing trees.
17553 Timbuktu (pop. 20,483) is a small trading town in central Mali.
17554 Time is one of the world's deepest mysteries.
17555 Time lock. This type of combination lock cannot be opened before a certain hour to which the lock has
been set.
17556 Timor is an island in Southeast Asia.
17557 Timothy was one of the friends of Saint Paul.
17558 Timothy, also called meadow grass, is a grass crop grown primarily for hay.
17559 Tin is a chemical element with symbol Sn.
17560 Tin can is a container used for packaging, transporting, and marketing hundreds of food and nonfood
items for home and industry.
17561 Tinamou is a ground-living bird.
17562 Tinaroo Falls Dam blocks the Barron River near Kairi on the Atherton Tableland in north Queensland,
Australia.
17563 Tinbergen, Jan (1903-1994), a Dutch economist, shared the first Nobel Prize for economics with Ragnar
Frisch of Norway in 1969.
17564 Tinbergen, Nikolaas (1907-1988), was a Dutch-born zoologist who studied how the behaviour of animals
is adapted to their environment.
17565 Tinchebrai, Battle of (1106) established Henry I as undisputed king of England.
17566 Ting, Samuel Chao Chung (1936-...), an American-born Chinese scientist, was awarded the Nobel Prize
for physics in 1976.
17567 Tinnitus is the sensation of hearing sounds that seem to come from within the head.
17568 Tintoretto (1518-1594) was a Venetian painter during the late Italian Renaissance.
17569 Tipperary is one of the six counties of the province of Munster in the Republic of Ireland.
17570 Tippett, Sir Michael (1905-1998), was a British composer.
17571 Tipu Sultan (1750-1799), also known as Tipu Sahib, was ruler of the southern Indian state of Mysore
from 1782 to 1799.
17572 Tirane (pop. 260,000) is the capital and largest city of Albania.
17573 Tirikatene, Sir Eruera Tihema Teaika (1895-1967), a Maori politician, held Cabinet rank in the New
Zealand government from 1957 to 1960.
17574 Tirpitz, Alfred von (1849-1930), was a German statesman and naval officer who was active in building up
the German Navy.
17575 Tirso de Molina was the pen name of Gabriel Tellez (1584-1648), a Spanish playwright.
17576
Tiselius, Arne (1902-1971), a Swedish physical chemist, perfected new methods for analyzing proteins.
17577 Tishah be-av is a Jewish day of mourning observed on the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Av
(approximately August).
17578
Tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function in an organism.
17579 Tissue transplant is any tissue or organ permanently transferred from one part of the body to another, or
from one person to another.
17580 Tit is the name of over 50 species of small songbirds.
17581
Titanic was a British passenger ship that struck an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1912.
17582 Titaniferous ore is an iron ore rich in the metal titanium.
17583 Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti.
17584 Titans were the first gods in Greek mythology.
17585 Tithe. The word tithe comes from the Anglo-Saxon word teotha, which means a tenth part.
17586 Tithe barns are barns built in England during the Middle Ages to store the large quantities of grain that
were paid to the church as tithes.
17587 Titi is a type of small South American monkey.
17588 Titian (1487?-1576) was a Venetian painter of the Italian Renaissance.
17589 Title is a legal term often used to describe ownership of property.
17590 Tito, Josip Broz (1892-1980), established a Communist government in Yugoslavia after World War II
(1939-1945) and then became the country's ruler.
17591 Titus was an early Christian who was a companion of Saint Paul.
17592 Titterton, Sir Ernest William (1916-...) was professor of nuclear physics at the Australian National
University in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, from 1950 to 1981.
17593 Titus (A.D. 41-81), a Roman emperor, was noted for his generosity and his regard for the people's
welfare.
17594 Tizard, Sir Henry Thomas (1885-1959), a British scientist, fostered the development of radar early in
World War II (1939-1945).
17595 TNT is short for trinitrotoluene, a powerful solid explosive.
17596 Toad is a small, tailless animal that closely resembles the frog.
17597 Toadfish is the name of a group of large-headed fish that live in tropical seas.
17598 Toadflax is a plant with yellow flowers and pale green leaves.
17599 Tobacco is a plant whose leaves are used chiefly in making cigarettes and cigars.
17600
Tobermory is a seaside resort on the north coast of the Island of Mull, in Strathclyde Region, Scotland.
17601 Tobey, Mark (1890-1976), was an American artist who painted elaborate linear abstract pictures, often
on a small scale.
17602 Tobogganing is the winter sport of coasting on snow or ice by means of toboggans, which are sledges
without runners.
17603 Toc H is a Christian organization for men and women.
17604 Tocqueville, Alexis de (1805-1859), was a French historian and political philosopher.
17605 Todd is a river in the Northern Territory, Australia.
17606
Todd, Sir Charles (1826-1910), was postmaster general and government astronomer of South Australia.
17607 Todd, Sir Garfield (1908-...), a New Zealand-born missionary, was prime minister of Southern Rhodesia
(now Zimbabwe) from 1953 to 1958.
17608 Todd, Mark (1956-...), a New Zealand horse rider, won an Olympic gold medal in the three-day
equestrian event at the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984 and in the same event at the Seoul
Olympic Games in 1988.
17609 Toddy palm is any one of several palm trees that contain a sugary sap that can be used to make the
fermented drink called toddy.
17610 Tofu is a food made of soybean curds pressed into cakes or blocks.
17611 Toga was the outer garment worn by the citizens of ancient Rome.
17612 Togo is a small country in western Africa.
17613
Togo, Heihachiro (1847-1934), was one of Japan's greatest admirals and naval heroes of the 1900's.
17614 Tojo, Hideki (1884-1948), was the general who, as prime minister of Japan, led his country into war with
the United States in 1941.
17615 Tokelau is a group of three coral atolls situated in the South Pacific Ocean about 480 kilometres to the
north of Samoa.
17616 Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
17617 Tolais are a people who live in an area about 32 kilometres from Rabaul, on the island of New Britain in
Papua New Guinea.
17618
Toledo (pop. 57,769) is a Spanish city located on a high hill about 65 kilometres southwest of Madrid.
17619 Toledo (pop. 332,943; met. area pop. 614,128) is a leading industrial and transportation centre in
northwestern Ohio, U.S.A. It is also a major Great Lakes port.
17620 Tolentino, Guillermo (1890-1976), was a great Filipino sculptor.
17621 Toleration Act is a law permitting people to believe in any religion they choose.
17622 Tolkien, J. R. R. (1892-1973), an English author and scholar, wrote a popular series of novels about an
imaginary people called hobbits.
17623 Tolman, Edward Chace (1886-1959), was an American psychologist known for his theory of how human
beings and animals learn.
17624 Tolpuddle martyrs were six farm labourers from the village of Tolpuddle, in Dorset, England.
17625 Tolstoy, Alexei (1882-1945), Count Tolstoy, won great popularity and wealth in Russia as a writer of
novels and plays.
17626 Tolstoy, Leo (1828-1910), a Russian writer, ranks among the greatest novelists in world literature.
17627 Toluene is a colourless liquid related to benzene.
17628 Tom Thumb was the name of the first American-built steam locomotive to be operated on a commoncarrier
railway.
17629 Tom-tom is a musical instrument that belongs to the drum family.
17630 Tomahawk was a small axe that the Indians of North America used as a tool and a weapon.
17631 Tomato is a plant grown for its smooth, usually round, juicy fruit.
17632 Tomb is any chamber in which the dead are buried.
17633 Tombaugh, Clyde William (1906-1997), was an American astronomer.
17634 Tombstone (pop. 1,632) is a town in southeastern Arizona, U.S.A., that was the centre of a rich silvermining
district in the late 1800's.
17635 Tomkins, Thomas (1572-1656), was a composer of madrigals and church music.
17636 Tomlin, Bradley Walker (1899-1953), was an American abstract expressionist painter.
17637 Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro, (1906-1979), of Japan, shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in physics with United States
physicists Richard P. Feynman and Julian S. Schwinger.
17638 Ton is the name of three different units used to measure weight and capacity.
17639 Tonbridge and Malling (pop. 99,100) is a local government district in Kent, England.
17640 Tone, in music, is a word that has several meanings.
17641 Tone, Theobald Wolfe (1763-1798), was an Irish soldier and patriot.
17642 Tonga is a country made up of about 150 islands in the South Pacific Ocean.
17643 Tongue is the chief organ of taste.
17644 Tonsil is any one of several masses of specialized tissue found in the throat.
17645 Tonsillitis is a painful disease resulting from inflamed tonsils.
17646 Tonti, Henri de, also spelled Tonty (1650-1704), was a French explorer who helped open the midwestern
part of what is now the United States.
17647 Tool is any instrument that a worker uses to do work.
17648 Toolmaking chiefly involves the making of precision devices and parts for power-driven machines used
to shape metal.
17649 Toomer, Jean (1894-1967), was a black American writer.
17650 Toothpaste and toothpowder are substances used with a toothbrush to clean teeth.
17651 Toowoomba (pop. 81,011) is the fourth largest city in Queensland, Australia.
17652 Top is the name for a child's toy.
17653 Topaz is a mineral composed of aluminium, silicon, oxygen, and fluorine.
17654 Topelius, Zachris (1818-1898), was a Finnish short-story writer and poet.
17655 Topiary work is the art of training and cutting plants into ornamental shapes.
17656 Topography is the natural and artificially created surface features of the land.
17657 Topology is a branch of mathematics that explores certain properties of geometrical figures.
17658 Topsoil is the surface layer of soil.
17659 Torbay (pop. 122,500), is a town on the south coast of Devon, England.
17660 Torch is a portable electric light in a metal, fibre, or plastic case.
17661 Torfaen (pop. 88,200) is a local government area in south Wales, administered from Pontypool.
17662 Tornado is a powerful, twisting windstorm.
17663 Torne River, also called the Tornio River, rises in Lake Torne in northern Sweden and flows eastward
through northern Sweden.
17664 Toronto (pop. 653.395; met. area pop. 3,893,046) is the capital of Ontario, Canada.
17665 Torpedo is a self-propelled, cigar-shaped, underwater weapon used to blow up ships.
17666 Torpedo ray, also called electric ray, is a kind of ray that lives in warm seas.
17667 Torque is the amount of twisting effort that a force or forces exert on an object.
17668 Torquemada, Tomas de (1420-1498), a Roman Catholic priest, was inquisitor-general (chief official) of
the Spanish Inquisition for 15 years.
17669 Torre, Eugene (1951-...), a Filipino chess player, became, in 1982, the first Asian to qualify for the world
championships, which were held that year at Toluca, in Mexico.
17670 Torrens is a river in South Australia.
17671 Torrens, Sir Robert (1814-1884), an Australian politician, introduced a system of land registration in
South Australia.
17672 Torrens system is a system of registering titles to real property (land and buildings).
17673 Torres, Luis Vaez de (?-1613?), was a Spanish navigator who became the first European to discover the
strait that lies between Australia and Papua New Guinea.
17674 Torres Strait Islands (pop. 5,000) are a group of islands in the Torres Strait, governed as part of
Queensland, Australia.
17675 Torricelli, Evangelista (1608-1647), was an Italian mathematician and physicist.
17676 Torridge (pop. 52,600) is a local government district in Devon, England, administered from the market
town of Bideford.
17677 Torsion balance is a device for measuring small forces of push or pull.
17678 Torsion bar suspension is a method of absorbing the shock, or energy, that results when a car travels
over uneven road surfaces and bumps.
17679 Tort is a harmful act against a person that gives the person the right to collect money to pay for damage
he or she has suffered.
17680 Tortoise is a reptile with a shell that lives on land.
17681 Torture is the use of physical or mental pain, often to obtain information, to punish a person, or to control
the members of a group to which the tortured person belongs.
17682 Tory Island lies 14 kilometres off the coast of Donegal, Ireland.
17683 Tory Party was a conservative political party in Great Britain.
17684 Toscanini, Arturo (1867-1957), was perhaps the most influential symphony orchestra and opera
conductor of his time.
17685 Totalitarianism is a form of government in which the state has absolute control over almost every aspect
of people's lives.
17686 Totem is a symbol for a tribe, clan, or family.
17687 Toucan is a bird with an enormous and, in most species, brilliantly coloured bill.
17688 Touch is the sense that gives us notice of contact with an object.
17689
Toulon (pop. 170,167; met. area pop. 437,553) is a seaport city on the southeast coast of France.
17690 Toulouse (pop. 365,933; met. area pop. 608,430) is a city in southwestern France.
17691 Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de (1864-1901), was a French painter who also became known for his
lithographs and posters.
17692 Touraco, or turaco, is any member of a family of African birds that live south of the Sahara.
17693 Toure, Sekou (1922-1984), became Guinea's first president in 1958 and held that position until his
death.
17694 Tourette syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by involuntary utterances and body
movements.
17695 Tourism is the supplying of services to tourists.
17696 Tourmaline is a mineral commonly found in rocks called granitic pegmatites.
17697 Tourneur, Cyril (1575?-1626), was an English dramatist.
17698 Tourniquet is a tight, twisted cloth wrapped around a limb to control bleeding.
17699 Tours (pop. 133,403; met. area pop. 271,927) is a historic city and important economic centre in western
France.
17700 Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743-1803), Francois Dominique Toussaint-Breda, was a black revolutionary
and general who became ruler of Haiti.
17701 Tovey, Sir Donald (1875-1940), was a British pianist, composer, and teacher.
17702 Tower is an architectural structure whose height is much greater than its width or its thickness.
17703 Tower Hamlets (pop. 153,500) is a borough within the Greater London area.
17704 Tower of Babel was a tower in Babylon, a city in ancient Mesopotamia.
17705 Tower of London is a group of stone buildings in the East End of London, on the north bank of the River
Thames.
17706 Tower of Silence is a platform on which the Parsees of India place the bodies of their dead for the
vultures to eat.
17707
Town is a community of closely clustered dwellings and other buildings in which people live and work.
17708 Town crier was a person appointed to make public announcements.
17709 Town planning is the process of guiding the development of cities and towns.
17710 Townes, Charles Hard (1915-...), is a United States physicist.
17711 Towns, Robert (1794-1873), a successful merchant and estate owner, was the first farmer to grow cotton
on a large scale in Australia.
17712 Townshend, Viscount (1674-1738), was an English politician and promoter of agricultural reform.
17713 Townsville (pop. 87,268) is a port in tropical Queensland, on the east coast of Australia.
17714 Towton, Battle of (1461), was a decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses.
17715 Towy, also spelt Tywi, is a river in South Wales.
17716 Toxaemia of pregnancy is a disease that attacks women during the later months of pregnancy or just
after giving birth.
17717 Toxic shock syndrome, or TSS, is a rare disease that most frequently occurs in young women who are
having a menstrual period.
17718 Toxin is a poison produced by a living organism.
17719 Toxoplasmosis is a common disease characterized by enlargement of lymph nodes, usually in the neck
region.
17720 Toy is an object children can use as a plaything.
17721 Toy dog is the name of a group of small dogs.
17722 Toynbee is the family name of two men, uncle and nephew, who contributed to sociology and our
understanding of history.
17723 Trace elements are minerals needed in small amounts by plants, animals, and human beings.
17724 Tracery, in architecture, originally was the framework of light ornamental stone bars dividing a large
window into smaller areas so that the stained glass could be easily placed and supported.
17725 Trachea, also called windpipe, is the tube that carries air between the lungs and the upper respiratory
passages.
17726 Trachoma is a contagious eye disease caused by a form of Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria.
17727 Tractarians were leaders of the Oxford Movement in the Church of England in the 1830's.
17728 Tractor is a machine that pulls or pushes a tool or a machine over land.
17729 Tracy, Spencer (1900-1967), was an American film actor.
17730 Trade is buying and selling goods and services.
17731 Trade association is a nonprofit organization that represents a group of business firms.
17732
Trade publication is a periodical devoted to a specific professional, business, industrial, or trade field.
17733 Trade route is a route along which goods are transported from one area to another.
17734 Trade unions are organizations of workers that seek to improve their members' pay and working
conditions.
17735 Trade wind is a strong wind that blows toward the equator from the northeast or southeast.
17736 Trademark is a word or words, a name, a design, a picture, a sound, or any other symbol that
distinguishes the products of one particular firm or company from those of another.
17737 Tradescantia is the name of about 65 species (kinds) of plants with attractive foliage and three-petalled
flowers.
17738 Trading post is a type of market place where people bring products to sell or to exchange for other
goods.
17739 Trading stamps are premiums or bonuses that a retailer gives with a cash purchase of goods.
17740 Trading standards ensure fair and honest trading.
17741 Trafalgar, Battle of, fought on Oct. 21, 1805, is one of the major naval battles in history.
17742 Traffic is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.
17743 Trafford (pop. 205,700) is a local government area within Greater Manchester, England.
17744 Tragacanth is a true gum obtained from various shrubs (Astragalus) of the pulse family.
17745 Tragedy is a form of drama that deals with serious human actions and issues.
17746 Tragopan is the name of five species of handsome quaillike birds of the pheasant family.
17747 Trajan (A.D. 53?-117) was a Roman emperor and an important military leader.
17748 Tram and trolleybus are types of city passenger vehicle, generally driven by electricity from an overhead
power line.
17749 Trampoline is a device that a person bounces or jumps on to perform aerial tumbling exercises.
17750
Trance is a term that is generally used to describe any kind of unnatural sleep or partly conscious state.
17751 Tranquillizer is a drug that calms a person by acting on the nervous system.
17752 Transactional analysis is a method of psychotherapy.
17753
Trans-Canada Highway stretches about 8,000 kilometres across Canada and links the 10 provinces.
17754 Transcendental Meditation (TM) is a method of relaxing the body that became popular in many countries
during the 1970's.
17755 Transcendentalism was a philosophy that became influential during the late 1700's and 1800's.
17756 Transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another.
17757 Transfiguration was the change in physical appearance that came over Jesus Christ on one occasion
during His ministry.
17758 Transformer is a device that increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current.
17759 Transistor is a tiny device that controls the flow of electric current in radios, television sets, computers,
and almost every other kind of electronic equipment.
17760 Transit, in astronomy, is the crossing of one heavenly body over the disc of a larger one, as seen from
the earth.
17761 Transkei was a region on the southeastern coast of the Republic of South Africa.
17762 Transmission is a device that transmits power from the engine of a vehicle to other parts, from which it is
eventually delivered to the wheels.
17763 Transmutation of elements is the conversion of one element into another through changes in an atom's
nucleus.
17764 Transpiration is the giving off of water by the leaves of a plant.
17765
Transplanting, in gardening, is the process of removing a plant from one place and planting it in another.
17766 Transportation is the act of moving people or goods from one place to another.
17767 Transportation was the system of exiling criminals from Britain (now known as the United Kingdom) to
the British colonies, particularly to Australia.
17768 Transsexualism is a condition in which a person experiences persistent discomfort about his or her
sexual designation.
17769 Trans-Siberian Railway was the first railway built across Siberia, the vast area that makes up most of the
Asian part of Russia.
17770 Transubstantiation is a doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church.
17771 Transuranium element is a radioactive element that has an atomic number higher than 92, the atomic
number of uranium.
17772 Transvaal was a province of South Africa from 1910 to 1994.
17773 Transylvania is a geographical region of Romania near the Hungarian border.
17774 Trap-door spider digs a burrow in the ground and covers the entrance with a lid, or trap door.
17775 Trapping is the capture or killing of wild animals in traps.
17776
Trappists are Roman Catholic monks who belong to the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance.
17777 Traralgon (pop. 19,702), is a city in Victoria, Australia, 160 kilometres east of Melbourne.
17778 Trauma, in psychiatry, is an unpleasant emotional experience of such intensity that it leaves a lasting
impression on the mind.
17779 Travel agency is a business that helps people arrange journeys and holidays by handling their travel
arrangements.
17780 Traveller's cheque is a cheque that can be used as money or as a letter of credit.
17781 Travers, P. L. (1906?-1996), an Australian-born author, became known for her children's stories about
Mary Poppins, an English nanny (nursemaid) who has magical powers.
17782 Travertine is a dense, closely compacted form of limestone found mostly in banded layers.
17783 Travis, William Barret (1809-1836), was a hero of the Alamo, a famous battle that took place during the
war for Texan independence from Mexico.
17784 Travois is a device used by American Indians and other peoples for carrying loads.
17785 Treadmill is a wheeled mechanism rotated by people or animals walking on or inside the wheel.
17786 Treason originally meant disloyalty to a sovereign ruler, such as a king.
17787 Treasure-trove is a term applied to articles containing a substantial amount of gold or silver that have
been hidden and are later discovered in a house or in the earth.
17788 Treaty is a formal agreement between two or more independent governments.
17789
Treaty port. Over the years, foreign powers have used different methods to gain trading rights in China.
17790 Treble is the upper, or highest, part in choral music of two or more parts.
17791 Tree is the largest of all plants.
17792 Tree, Sir Herbert Beerbohm (1853-1917), an English actor and theatre manager, became famous for his
magnificent Shakespearean productions at the Haymarket Theatre, in London, and later at Her Majesty's
Theatre, also in London, which he founded in 189
17793 Tree farming. A tree farm is a privately owned area used to grow trees for profit.
17794 Tree frog is an amphibian (an animal that lives on land and in water) which spends much of its time in
trees.
17795 Tree shrew is a small, swift-moving mammal that lives in the forests of India, Southeast Asia, and
southern China.
17796 Tree snake is any snake that lives in trees.
17797 Tree surgery is the care of trees, chiefly by pruning, bracing, filling hollows, and removing decayed
wood.
17798 Trefoil, meaning three-leaved, is the name generally applied to various plants having compound leaves
with three leaflets, like the clover.
17799 Treitschke, Heinrich Gotthard von (1834-1896), a German historian and teacher, argued for German
unity in his writings.
17800 Trench, Richard (1807-1886), was a noted British churchman and scholar of the 1800's.
17801 Trench foot is a diseased condition of the lower limbs and feet, caused by prolonged exposure to wet
cold.
17802
Trench mouth, also called Vincent's infection, is a disease which centres in the mouth and throat.
17803 Trenchard, Viscount (1873-1956), was a British military commander.
17804 Trent is the third longest river in England and the principal river of the Midlands.
17805 Trent, Council of, was a series of conferences held by the Roman Catholic Church in Trent, Italy,
between 1545 and 1563.
17806 Trent Affair was a naval incident in the first year of the American Civil War.
17807 Trenton (pop. 88,675; met. area pop. 325,824) is the capital of New Jersey, U.S.A., and an important
manufacturing centre of the state.
17808 Trepang is the commercial name of the dried bodies of certain species (kinds) of marine animals called
sea cucumbers (see SEA CUCUMBER).
17809 Trephining is a surgical operation that involves cutting out a small, circular piece of the skull.
17810
Trespass, in law, is most commonly known as the unlawful entrance upon the property of another.
17811 Trestle, in engineering, is a structure used to support a roadway over a valley or crossroads.
17812 Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1876-1962), was a famous British historian.
17813 Trevino, Elizabeth Borton de (1904-...), is an American author.
17814 Trevino, Lee (1939-...), is an American golfer.
17815 Trevithick, Richard (1771-1833), was an English inventor and engineer.
17816 Trevor, William (1928-...), an Irish writer, first won recognition for his novel The Old Boys (1964).
17817 Trial is a method of settling disputes verbally in a court of law.
17818 Trial by combat, also called trial by battle or wager of battle, was a way of settling legal disputes in the
Middle Ages.
17819 Triangle, in plane geometry, is an enclosed figure that has three line segments for sides.
17820 Triangle is a percussion instrument that consists of a steel bar bent into a triangular shape with one open
corner.
17821 Trianon, Treaty of, was signed by Hungary and the Western Allies after World War I (1914-1918).
17822 Tribe is a term used to describe certain human social groups.
17823 Tribunal is a court of justice appointed to examine special evidence or appeals.
17824 Tribune was an official in ancient Rome.
17825 Trichina is a small roundworm that causes the disease trichinosis.
17826 Tricolour is the French national flag.
17827 Trier (pop. 93,472) is the oldest city in Germany.
17828 Trieste (pop. 231,100) is a city in northeastern Italy.
17829 Triggerfish is a type of fish that lives in warm and tropical seas.
17830 Triglyceride is one of the major fatty substances in the blood.
17831 Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles
of triangles.
17832 Tromp, Martin Harpertzoon (1597-1653), was a Dutch naval officer.
17833 Trillion is a thousand billion in the United States and France.
17834 Trillium is a wild flower that grows in damp, wooded places in North America and Asia.
17835 Trilobite was a prehistoric sea animal.
17836 Trinidad and Tobago is an independent country in the West Indies.
17837 Trinity is a term used to express the belief that in the one God there are three Divine Persons--the
Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit (or Holy Ghost).
17838 Trinity House is the lighthouse authority for England, Wales, and the Channel Islands.
17839 Tripe is a meat that comes from the stomach walls of cattle.
17840 Triple Alliance was a defence agreement among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy.
17841 Triple Entente means triple, or threefold, agreement.
17842 Triple jump is an athletics event in which an athlete leaps as far as he or she can in three continuous
jumps.
17843 Tripoli (pop. 175,000) is the second largest city in Lebanon.
17844 Tripoli (pop. 990,697) is the capital and largest city of Libya.
17845 Tripura is a small, mainly agricultural state in northern India.
17846 Triticale is a grain produced by crossbreeding wheat and rye.
17847 Tritium is a hydrogen isotope used in the release of nuclear energy through fusion, as in the hydrogen
bomb.
17848 Triton was a sea god in Greek mythology.
17849 Triumph, in ancient Rome, was the highest honour given to a victorious general.
17850 Triumvirate. In Roman history, a triumvirate was a group of three men who seized control of the
government.
17851 Trogon is a family of birds.
17852 Troika is a Russian word that means a group of three.
17853 Trojan War was a conflict in which ancient Greece defeated the city of Troy.
17854 Trollope, Anthony (1815-1882), was a popular English novelist of the 1800's.
17855
Trombone is a brass instrument that consists chiefly of an oblong tube expanded into a bell at one end.
17856 Trona is one of the most important natural soda minerals.
17857 Trondheim (pop. 134,654) is the third largest city in Norway.
17858 Trooping the colour, in British regiments, is part of the ceremony of mounting guard.
17859
Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that traces the northern boundary of the earth's Tropical Zone.
17860
Tropic of Capricorn is an imaginary line that traces the southern boundary of the earth's Tropical Zone.
17861 Tropical fish. Many kinds of fish live in the freshwater and saltwater habitats of the tropics.
17862 Tropical rainforest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth and plentiful rainfall.
17863 Tropicbird is any of three species of sea birds found in tropical regions.
17864 Tropics are the regions of the earth that lie within about 2,570 kilometres north and 2,570 kilometres
south of the equator.
17865 Tropism is a bending movement in living things caused by an outside stimulus (signal).
17866 Troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth.
17867
Trossachs is a beautiful wooded gorge in Scotland's Central Region near Ben A'an and Ben Venue.
17868 Trotsky, Leon (1879-1940), also spelled Trotzky, was a leader of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia (see
BOLSHEVIKS).
17869 Trotting, also called harness racing, is a popular form of horse racing.
17870 Troubadour was one of a large group of poet-musicians who flourished in southern France in the 1100's
and 1200's.
17871 Trout is a fish closely related to salmon, whitefish, and chars.
17872 Trouvere was one type of a group of lyric poets who flourished in northern France in the 1100's and
1200's.
17873 Troy, also called Ilium, was an ancient city in Asia Minor (now Turkey) that was made famous in the
legends of early Greece.
17874 Troy weight is a standard system used in weighing gold, silver, platinum, and coins.
17875 Truce is a short suspension of hostilities between opposing sides in a war.
17876 Truck is a motor vehicle used to carry freight.
17877 Trudeau, Edward Livingston (1848-1915), was a famous pioneer in the antituberculosis movement in the
United States.
17878 Trudeau, Pierre Elliott (1919-...), was prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to
1984.
17879 Trueman, Freddie (1931-...), a cricketer for Yorkshire, England, became one of the world's greatest
opening fast bowlers.
17880 Truffaut, Francois (1932-1984), was a leading French film director.
17881 Truffle is a fungus that is used as a food and a flavouring.
17882 Truganini (1812-1876), was generally thought to have been the last tribal Tasmanian Aborigine.
17883 Trujillo Molina, Rafael Leonidas (1891-1961), was the ruling force in the Dominican Republic for over 30
years.
17884 Truk Islands form a large island group in the western Pacific, about 2,900 kilometres southeast of Manila
in the Philippines.
17885 Truman, Harry S. (1884-1972), was president of the United States from 1945 to 1953.
17886 Trumper, Victor (1877-1915), was an outstanding Australian batsman.
17887 Trumpet is a popular brass instrument in bands and orchestras.
17888 Truro is a city in Cornwall, England, known as a tourist centre.
17889 Trust fund is money or other property managed by one person or group for the benefit of another person
or group.
17890 Trust territory refers to an area administered by a country under the supervision of the United Nations
(UN) Trusteeship Council.
17891 Trusthouse Forte, formed in 1970, is one of the world's largest hotel and catering groups.
17892 Truth, Sojourner (1797?-1883), was the name used by Isabella Baumfree, one of the best-known
American abolitionists of her day.
17893 Truth table is a method of showing logical relationships.
17894 Trypanosome is a microscopic one-celled organism.
17895 Tsetse fly is a two-winged fly of Africa.
17896 Tsonga is a South African tribe.
17897 Tswana is the Bantu language spoken by people living in southern Africa.
17898 Tuamotu Islands are an island group in the South Pacific.
17899 Tuareg are the largest group of nomads living in the Sahara.
17900 Tuart is the Aboriginal name for a Western Australian eucalyptus.
17901 Tuatara is a lizardlike reptile that lives only on a few small islands off the coast of New Zealand.
17902 Tuba is the general name for a number of musical instruments in the brass family.
17903 Tube worm is the name for marine worms that live in tubes.
17904 Tuber is the thick, enlarged part of a stem that grows underground.
17905
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs but can also involve other organs.
17906 Tuberose is a plant of the agave family.
17907 Tubman, Harriet (1820?-1913), was a black American whose daring rescues helped hundreds of slaves
escape to freedom.
17908 Tubman, William V. S. (1895-1971), was president of Liberia from 1944 until his death in 1971.
17909 Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim (1912-1989), was an American historian who won two Pulitzer Prizes for
general nonfiction.
17910 Tucker, Albert (1914-...), an Australian painter, portrayed the devastating effects of World War II on
Australian cities.
17911 Tucson, (pop. 405,390; met. area pop. 531,443), is the second largest city in Arizona, U.S.A. It is a
commercial and research centre of the U.S. Southwest.
17912 Tucuman (pop. 473,271) is a city in northwestern Argentina.
17913 Tudor, House of, was the family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603.
17914 Tuesday is the name of the third day of the week.
17915 Tugboat, also called tug or towboat, is a small, powerful boat that manoeuvres large vessels.
17916 Tugendhat, Sir Christopher (1937-...), was a Common Market commissioner for the United Kingdom
from 1977 until 1985.
17917 Tughluq, Muhammad bin (1290-1351), was the second sultan of the Tughluq dynasty.
17918 Tui is the name of one of New Zealands finest songbirds.
17919 Tuileries, a famous royal palace, stood on the right bank of the Seine River in Paris.
17920
Tularaemia, also called rabbit fever, is an infectious disease of many mammals, including human beings.
17921 Tulip is a lovely, graceful garden flower that originated in southern Europe and Asia.
17922 Tulip tree, also called yellow poplar and tulip poplar, is the tallest broadleaf tree in the eastern United
States.
17923
Tull, Jethro (1674-1741), an English farmer, built the first practical farm tool for planting seeds in rows.
17924 Tully Falls, at the head of the Tully River in north Queensland, Australia, is a steep waterfall filled by a
runoff from more than 2,500 millimetres of summer rainfall from November to March.
17925
Tulsa (pop. 367,302; met. area pop. 708,954) is a major centre of the United States petroleum industry.
17926 Tumbleweed is the popular name for several plants that grow in the prairie and plains regions of the
United States.
17927 Tumour is an abnormal growth of tissues in the body.
17928 Tuna is any of 13 species of saltwater fish in the mackerel family.
17929 Tunbridge Wells (pop. 98,300) is a residential town in southwestern Kent, England.
17930 Tundra is a cold, dry region where trees cannot grow.
17931 Tung oil is an oil that comes from the seed kernels of the tung tree.
17932 Tungsten, also called wolfram, is a chemical element with the symbol W. It is a moderately hard, silverwhite
metal.
17933 Tunic is a loose, short garment, reaching from the neck to about the knee.
17934 Tuning fork is a device used for tuning musical instruments and for finding a standard pitch.
17935 Tunis (pop. 596,654) is the capital and largest city of Tunisia.
17936 Tunisia extends farther north than any other country in Africa.
17937 Tunnel is an underground passageway.
17938 Tunney, Gene (1897-1978), an American boxer, defeated Jack Dempsey in 1926 to become world
heavyweight champion.
17939 Tupelo is the name of several species of attractive trees native to North America, China, and Southeast
Asia.
17940 Turban is a headdress.
17941
Turbine is a device with a rotor that is turned by a moving fluid, such as water, steam, gas, or the wind.
17942
Turbot is a large flatfish that lives along the Atlantic Coast of Europe and in the Mediterranean Sea.
17943 Turgenev, Ivan (1818-1883), was one of the greatest Russian novelists.
17944 Turin (pop. 962,507) is a city in northern Italy that lies on the Po River.
17945 Turing, Alan Mathison (1912-1954), an English mathematician, made important contributions to the
development of electronic digital computers.
17946 Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, a vast geographical region in Asia, has no definite boundaries.
17947 Turkey is a Middle Eastern nation that lies both in Europe and in Asia.
17948
Turkey is the name of two species of American birds related to chickens, peafowl, and pheasants.
17949 Turkmenistan is a country in west-central Asia.
17950 Turks are people who speak Turkic languages.
17951
Turks and Caicos Islands are a dependency of the United Kingdom (UK) in the northern Caribbean Sea.
17952 Turmeric is a plant that grows in southern Asia.
17953 Turner, Ethel (1872-1958), an Australian author, wrote Seven Little Australians (1894).
17954
Turner, J. M. W. (1775-1851), was perhaps the greatest landscape painter in the history of English art.
17955 Turner, Nat (1800-1831), a black slave and preacher, led the most famous slave revolt in United States
history.
17956 Turner, Richmond Kelly (1885-1961), was the leading American naval amphibious commander in the
Pacific Ocean during World War II (1939-1945).
17957 Turner, Roscoe (1895-1970), was an American racing pilot and aviation business executive.
17958 Turner, Tina (1939-...) is an American rhythm and blues/rock singer known for her raspy voice and her
dynamic stage performances.
17959 Turnip is a vegetable grown for its fleshy root and green leaves.
17960 Turnstone is the name given to two kinds of small shore birds.
17961 Turpentine is a colourless or yellowish liquid that has a strong odour and is highly flammable.
17962 Turpentine is the name of an Australian tree.
17963 Turpin, Dick (1706-1739), was an English robber whose exploits have appeared in English legends and
literature.
17964 Turquoise is a mineral widely used as a gemstone.
17965 Turtle is a reptile with a shell, which lives mainly in water.
17966 Turtle dove is a small dove that breeds in woodland and open country in Europe, western Asia, and
northern Africa.
17967 Tuscany is a political region, or state, in Italy.
17968 Tussaud, Marie Gresholtz (1761-1850), a Swiss modeller in wax, founded Madame Tussaud's Exhibition
in London in 1802.
17969 Tussock moth makes up a family whose caterpillars have tussocks (tufts) of hair along the back.
17970 Tutankhamen served as king of Egypt from about 1347 B.C. until his death in 1339 B.C. His name is
also spelled Tutankhamun or Tutankhamon.
17971 Tutsi are an African people who live mainly in the central African nations of Burundi and Rwanda.
17972 Tutu, Desmond (1931-...), is a South African civil rights leader and was Anglican archbishop of Cape
Town from 1986 to 1996.
17973 Tuva is an autonomous (self-governing) republic in Russia.
17974 Tuvalu is a small island country in the South Pacific Ocean.
17975 Tuwhare, Hone (1922-...), a New Zealand writer, was the first Maori to win prominence as a poet.
17976 Twain, Mark (1835-1910), was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors
of American fiction.
17977 Tweed is a rough, heavy, hairy, woollen cloth that may contain synthetic fibres.
17978 Tweed, River, rises in Scotland's Southern Uplands at Tweed's Well, about 10 kilometres northwest of
the tourist centre of Moffat.
17979 Tweed, River is in the extreme northeast of New South Wales, Australia.
17980 Tweeddale (pop. 15,314) is a local government area in Borders Region of the United Kingdom.
17981 Twelfth Night is a Christian holiday celebrated 12 days after Christmas, on January 6.
17982 Twelve Tables, Laws of the, were the first written laws of the Romans.
17983 Twenty-eight is the name of an Australian parrot whose ringing call sounds as though it is saying "twentyeight."
The parrots are greenish in colour.
17984 Twenty-sixth of July Movement was a Cuban revolutionary group led by Fidel Castro that overthrew the
dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959.
17985 Twilight is the period just before sunrise and the period just after sunset when the light in the sky is soft
and mellow.
17986 Twill is a weave that is used in making many kinds of strong, durable cloth.
17987 Twine is tough cord made from the twisted strands of hard leaf fibres, usually those from the sisal or
henequen plants.
17988 Twinflower, also called Linnaea, is a low-growing, evergreen, woody plant, named after the Swedish
botanist Carl von Linne.
17989 Twining, Nathan Farragut (1897-1982), in 1957 became the first United States Air Force officer to be
appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
17990 Twofold Bay is a deepwater harbour and tourist resort on the far south coast of New South Wales,
Australia, about 50 kilometres north of the Victorian border.
17991 Tyburn Tree was the popular name for the gallows that occupied a site close to what is now Marble
Arch, in London, from the 1100's until the late 1700's.
17992 Tyler, John (1790-1862), was president of the United States from 1841 to 1845.
17993 Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett (1832-1917), a British anthropologist, is often regarded as the father of
anthropology in the English-speaking world.
17994 Tyndale, William (1494-1536), was an early English leader of the Reformation.
17995 Tyndall, John (1820-1893), was a British physicist and natural philosopher.
17996 Tyne is a river in northeastern England.
17997 Tyne and Wear is a county in northeastern England.
17998 Tynedale (pop. 56,400) is a local government area in Northumberland, northeastern England, on the
border with Scotland.
17999 Type is a letter, number, or other character used in printing.
18000 Typewriter is a machine that produces printed letters and figures on paper.
18001
Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial disease that results in fever, weakness, and, in severe cases, death.
18002 Typhoid Mary was a name sometimes used in referring to Mary Mallon (1868?-1938), the first known
carrier of typhoid fever in the United States.
18003 Typhoon is a violent, low-pressure tropical storm that occurs in the western Pacific Ocean.
18004 Typhus is any one of a group of important diseases caused by rickettsiae.
18005 Tyrannosaurus was a large, meat-eating dinosaur that lived about 68 million to 65 million years ago in
what is now western North America.
18006 Tyranny is a term used throughout history to describe various forms of government by rulers who have
unrestricted power.
18007 Tyre is a covering for the outer rim of a wheel.
18008 Tyre was an ancient Phoenician seaport.
18009 Tyrol, also spelled Tirol, is a beautiful mountainous region in western Austria and northern Italy.
18010 Tyrone is the largest of the six counties of Northern Ireland.
18011 Tyrone, Earl of (1540?-1616), Hugh O'Neill, was the leader of an Irish rebellion against the English
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The revolt began in 1594.
18012 Tyrrell, Joseph Burr (1858-1957), was a Canadian geologist, historian, and mining engineer.
18013
Tyrrhenian Sea an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, lies between Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.
18014 Tyson, Mike (1966-...), an American boxer, became the youngest heavyweight champion in boxing
history when he won the World Boxing Council (WBC) version of the title in 1986.
18015 U is the 21st letter of the English alphabet.
18016
U-235 is a radioactive isotope of uranium that is used in nuclear reactors and certain nuclear weapons.
18017 Ubangi is a nickname given to women members of the Sara, a black African tribe living near the Ubangi
River in the Central African Republic.
18018 Ubangi River is the chief northern tributary of the Congo River in Africa.
18019 Ubar is a highly decorated drum used by some Aboriginal tribes in northern Australia.
18020 Uccello, Paolo (1397-1475), was an Italian Renaissance painter.
18021
Uffizi Palace, a famous building in Florence, Italy, contains one of the world's finest art collections.
18022 Uganda is a thickly populated country in east-central Africa.
18023 Ukraine is the second largest country in area in Europe.
18024 Ukulele is a four-stringed musical instrument related to the guitar.
18025 Ulan Bator (pop. 515,000) is the capital and largest city of Mongolia.
18026 Ulbricht, Walter (1893-1973), was the leader of East Germany from 1960 to 1971.
18027 Ulcer is an open sore in the skin or mucous membrane.
18028 Ulithi atoll is one of the western Caroline Islands, which lie in the Pacific Ocean.
18029 Ulm, Charles (1897-1934), an Australian aviator, helped to pioneer flying in Australia.
18030 Ulster is one of the four provinces of Ireland.
18031 Ultima Thule was the name given in ancient literature to the most northern of known lands.
18032 Ultimatum is a final proposition or demand made by one of two negotiating parties.
18033 Ultrahigh frequency waves (UHF) are a type of short radio wave.
18034 Ultramarine is a blue pigment or colouring matter now prepared by artificial means.
18035 Ultramicroscope is an instrument that allows a person to see objects much smaller than those that can
be seen under an ordinary microscope.
18036 Ultrasound is sound with frequencies above the range of human hearing.
18037 Ultraviolet rays are an invisible form of light.
18038 Ulysses was king of Ithaca and a brave and cunning hero in Greek mythology.
18039 Umber is a brown mineral pigment used to make certain oil and watercolour paints.
18040 Umbilical cord is a ropelike structure that connects the fetus (unborn child) to the placenta (see
EMBRYO).
18041 Umbrella is a device that protects people from rain and sun.
18042 Umbrellabird is the name of three species of birds that live in the tropical forests of Central and South
America.
18043 Umfolozi is a national park in northern Natal in South Africa.
18044
Unamuno, Miguel de (1864-1936), was a Spanish philosophical essayist, poet, novelist, and dramatist.
18045 Uncle Sam is a figure that symbolizes the United States.
18046 Uncle Tom's Cabin is a famous antislavery novel by the American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
18047 Unconscious, in psychology, is a term used to describe such mental processes as thoughts, ideas, and
feelings that go on in people's minds without their being aware of them.
18048 Underground, in political terms, is a secretly conducted movement to overthrow the government or the
military occupation forces of a country.
18049 Underground railway is a form of transportation designed to move large numbers of people quickly to
their destinations.
18050 Underwriting is a term first used in England in the 1600's.
18051 Undset, Sigrid (1882-1949), a Norwegian author, won the 1928 Nobel Prize for literature.
18052 Unemployment is the state of a person who is out of work, and actively looking for a job.
18053 UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).
18054 Ungulate is any mammal whose toes end in hoofs.
18055 UNICEF is the commonly used name for the United Nations Children's Fund.
18056 Unicorn is an imaginary animal that plays a prominent part in medieval European legend and art.
18057 Unicycle is a vehicle with a seat and frame mounted above a single wheel.
18058 Unidentified flying object (UFO) is a strange light or object that appears in the sky or near the ground
and has no known cause.
18059 Uniform is a style of clothing that identifies people as members of a group or as workers in a particular
field.
18060 Uniformity, Act of, is any one of several acts of the English Parliament, which were passed in 1549,
1552, 1559, and 1662.
18061 Union, Acts of, brought separate parliaments together into one United Kingdom parliament at
Westminster, in London.
18062 Union Jack is the name sometimes used for the national flag of the United Kingdom, officially called the
British Union Flag.
18063 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), also called the Soviet Union, was the world's first and
most powerful Communist country.
18064 Unionist parties, in Northern Ireland, are political parties that support the continuation of the union
(political link) between Northern Ireland and Great Britain.
18065 Unit, in measurement, is a quantity adopted as the standard by which any other quantity of the same
kind is measured.
18066 Unit trust is an investment company or trust that pools money from many investors and uses it to buy
stocks and other securities.
18067 Unitarians believe in the unity of God, rather than in the doctrine of the Trinity as found in the historic
creeds of the Christian church.
18068 Unitary authority is an administrative body forming part of the structure of local government in the United
Kingdom (UK).
18069 United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven independent Arab states in southwestern Asia.
18070 United Arab Republic (U.A.R.) was a union of two independent Middle Eastern countries, Egypt and
Syria.
18071 United Church of Christ is a Protestant religious denomination in the United States.
18072 United Irishmen were members of a movement that aimed to unite Irish Protestants and Roman
Catholics in an effort to make Ireland independent of Britain and establish a truly national Irish
parliament.
18073 United Kingdom is an island country in northwestern Europe.
18074 United Kingdom, Armed services of the. The armed services of the United Kingdom (UK) have played
an important part in UK history.
18075 United Kingdom, Arts of the. The United Kingdom has a rich and varied artistic tradition.
18076 United Kingdom, Educational systems of the. The four lands that make up the United Kingdom
(England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) have different histories and distinctive cultures.
18077 United Kingdom, Geology of the. This article discusses the geology of the geographical region known as
the British Isles, which consists of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.
18078 United Kingdom, Government of the. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.
18079
United Kingdom, History of the is part of the long story of all the peoples who have at one time or
another lived in the lands that make up present-day England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
18080 United Kingdom, Legal systems of the. There are separate legal systems for England and Wales,
Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
18081 United Nations (UN) is an organization of nations that works for world peace and security and the
betterment of humanity.
18082 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is a specialized agency of the United
Nations (UN) that promotes industrialization in developing countries.
18083 United Nations University is a worldwide research and advanced training institution established by the
United Nations (UN).
18084 United Press International (UPI) is one of the largest privately owned news agencies in the world.
18085 United States of America is the third largest country in the world in population and the fourth largest in
area.
18086 United States, Armed services of the. The armed services of the United States are the most powerful in
the world.
18087 United States, Government of the. The government of the United States represents, serves, and
protects the American people at home and in foreign countries.
18088 United States, History of the. The history of the United States is the story of a great nation that was
carved out of a wilderness by a brave and freedom-loving people.
18089 Universal language. Language is the main means of communication between peoples.
18090 Universe consists of all matter, light, and other forms of radiation and energy.
18091 University. The term higher education refers to learning institutions that students can attend after they
have finished secondary school.
18092 Unknown soldier. After World War I (1914-1918), officials of the Allied countries found that the bodies of
many soldiers killed in battle could not be identified.
18093 Unsworth, Barrie (1934-...), a member of the Australian Labor Party, became premier of New South
Wales in July 1986.
18094 Untermeyer, Louis (1885-1977), was an American poet, critic, and editor.
18095 Unwin, Sir Raymond (1863-1940), was a pioneer in British town planning.
18096 Upanishads are a group of writings that make up the last section of a collection of Hindu scriptures
called the Vedas.
18097 Upas is the name of a large forest tree that grows in southeastern Asia and Indonesia.
18098 Updike, John (1932-...), is an American author of novels, short stories, essays, and poetry.
18099 Upfield, Arthur (1888-1964), an Australian author, began writing detective stories in 1927.
18100 Upham, Charles Hazlitt (1908-1994), a New Zealand soldier, was the only man to be awarded the
Victoria Cross twice during World War II (1939-1945).
18101 Upper Hutt (pop. 37,092), is a city in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand, about 32
kilometres from Wellington.
18102 Upsilon particle is the heaviest known subatomic particle.
18103
Ur, a city in the ancient region of Sumer (now southeastern Iraq), was one of the world's first cities.
18104 Uraemia is a condition that occurs when excessive quantities of nitrogen-rich wastes, mainly urea, build
up in the blood.
18105 Ural Mountains extend for about 2,400 kilometres through the western part of Russia.
18106 Ural River is a river that rises in the southern Ural Mountains in Russia.
18107 Uranium is a silvery-white, radioactive metal.
18108 Uranus was the earliest god of the sky in Greek and Roman mythology.
18109 Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun.
18110 Urban II (1042?-1099) was elected pope in 1088.
18111 Urban VI (1318-1389) was elected pope in 1378.
18112 Urea, also called carbamide, is a nitrogen-rich organic compound produced by the bodies of human
beings and many other animals.
18113 Urewera is an area in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand.
18114 Urey, Harold Clayton (1893-1981), was an American chemist who made important contributions in two
main fields.
18115 Urine is a liquid waste product of the body produced by the kidneys.
18116 Uris, Leon (1924-...), an American author, became known for his best-selling novels based on modern
historical events.
18117 Ursa Major and Ursa Minor are two constellations (star groups) seen in the northern sky but not visible
from south of the equator.
18118 Ursula, Saint, is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.
18119 Ursulines are members of a Roman Catholic order of women.
18120 Uruguay is a small country on the southeastern coast of South America.
18121 Uruguay River is part of the great Parana and La Plata river system of South America.
18122 Ustad Fateh Ali Khan (1938-...) is a distinguished Pakistani classical singer.
18123 Ustinov, Dimitriy Fedorovich (1908-1984), was an important leader in the Soviet Union.
18124 Ustinov, Sir Peter (1921-...), is a British actor, playwright, and producer.
18125 Usury is the charging of interest on money loans at a high rate.
18126 Utah (pop. 1,727,784) is a state in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States.
18127 Utamaro (1753-1806) was a leading Japanese printmaker.
18128 Uterus, or womb, is a hollow organ of the female reproductive system in which an unborn baby
develops.
18129
Utica, an ancient North African city, was the oldest Phoenician colony in the western Mediterranean Sea.
18130
Utilitarianism is a theory of morality that associates the rightness of an act with its consequences.
18131
Utopia is the name commonly given to an imaginary land where everything is supposed to be perfect.
18132 Utrecht (pop. 234,106; met. area 545,796) is a Dutch city that lies along the Rhine River, about 35
kilometres southeast of Amsterdam.
18133 Utrecht, Peace of, was one of the great international peace settlements of history.
18134 Utrillo, Maurice (1883-1955), was a French artist known for his paintings of Paris street scenes.
18135 Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India.
18136 Uttlesford (pop. 63,900), the largest local government area in Essex, England.
18137 Uzbekistan is a country in central Asia.
18138 V is the 22nd letter of the English alphabet.
18139 V-E Day, which stands for Victory in Europe Day, was officially proclaimed on Tuesday, May 8, 1945
(May 9 in the Soviet Union).
18140 V-J Day, which stands for Victory over Japan Day, marked the end of World War II (1939-1945).
18141 Vaal is one of South Africa's major rivers.
18142 Vacuum is a space that has no matter in it.
18143 Vacuum cleaner is an electric appliance that cleans chiefly by suction.
18144
Vacuum tube is a device used in such electronic equipment as radios, television sets, and computers.
18145 Vaduz (pop. 4,920), is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein.
18146 Vagina is a female reproductive organ.
18147 Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina.
18148 Vagrancy. A person who wanders from place to place, and who lives without working and without any
settled home, is called a vagrant, or vagabond.
18149 Valadian, Margaret (1936-...), an Aboriginal social worker, became Australia's first Aboriginal woman
university graduate in 1966.
18150 Vale of Glamorgan (pop. 110,700), is a local government area in south Wales.
18151
Vale of White Horse (pop. 109,200), is a local government area in southwestern Oxfordshire, England.
18152 Vale Royal (pop. 111,100), is a local government area in central Cheshire, England.
18153 Valencia (pop. 752,909), is the third largest city in Spain.
18154 Valency, also called valence, is a number that indicates the ability of a chemical element to combine with
other elements.
18155 Valens (A.D. 328-378), was the Roman emperor who allowed large numbers of barbarians to settle
south of the Danube River.
18156 Valentine, Saint, is the name associated with two martyrs of the early Christian church.
18157
Valentine's Day is celebrated in many countries on February 14 as a festival of romance and affection.
18158 Valentinian I (A.D. 321-375) was Roman emperor from A.D. 364 until his death in 375.
18159 Valentinian III (A.D. 419-455), was emperor of the West Roman Empire.
18160 Valentino, Rudolph (1895-1926), was the most popular romantic star of American silent films.
18161
Valerian family includes more than 300 different kinds of perennial or annual herbs and some shrubs.
18162 Valery, Paul (1871-1945), was a French poet.
18163 Valhalla was the great hall of the dead heroes in Scandinavian mythology.
18164 Valkyrie was one of the warlike goddess-maidens of Scandinavian mythology.
18165 Valle, Jose Cecilio Del (1780-1834), a Central American patriot and statesman, wrote the Central
American Declaration of Independence, proclaiming freedom from Spain on September 15, 1821.
18166 Valletta (pop. 14,249), is the capital and chief seaport of Malta.
18167 Valley is a natural trough in the earth's surface.
18168 Valley of the Kings is a rocky, narrow gorge, which was used as a cemetery by the pharaohs (kings) of
ancient Egypt between 1550 and 1100 B.C. The Valley, sometimes called the Valley of the Tombs of the
Kings, lies on the west bank of the Nile River
18169 Vallis, Val (1916-...), an Australian poet and university lecturer, brought a fresh voice to Australian poetry
with his descriptive lyrical verse Songs of the East Coast (1948).
18170 Valois was the family name of a branch of the great Capetian line of French kings (see CAPETIAN
DYNASTY).
18171 Valparaiso (pop. 276,756) is the principal seaport and third-largest city of Chile.
18172
Value, in economics, means the power of a commodity to command other commodities in exchange.
18173 Value-added tax (VAT) is a tax imposed by a government at each stage in the production of a good or
service.
18174 Valve is a term used for various mechanical devices which open and close to control the flow of fluids in
pipes and vessels.
18175 Vampire is a corpse that supposedly returns to life at night to suck people's blood.
18176 Vampire bat is the name given several different bats.
18177 Vanadium, a chemical element with symbol V, is a silvery-white metallic element.
18178 Van Allen, James Alfred (1914-...), an American physicist, discovered the Van Allen belts, two zones of
electrically charged particles that surround the earth.
18179 Van Allen belts, also called radiation belts, are two zones of electrically charged particles that surround
the earth high above its surface.
18180 Vanbrugh, Dame Irene (1872-1949), a British actress, was particularly noted for her performances in
plays by J. M. Barrie, especially The Admirable Crichton.
18181 Vanbrugh, Sir John (1664-1726), was an English playwright and architect.
18182 Van Buren, Martin (1782-1862), was president of the United States from 1837 to 1841.
18183 Vancouver (pop. 471,844; met. area 1,602,502) is the largest city in British Columbia and the busiest
port in Canada.
18184 Vancouver, George (1758-1798), was a British explorer.
18185 Vancouver Island is the largest island on the Pacific Coast of North America, and an important part of
the Canadian province of British Columbia.
18186 Vandalism is criminal damage to property.
18187 Vandals were a Germanic tribe of barbarians that invaded the West Roman Empire during the early A.D.
400's.
18188 Van de Graaff generator, also known as an electrostatic generator, is a device for building up a high
electrical charge.
18189 Vandenberg, Arthur Hendrick (1884-1951), was an American statesman and political leader.
18190 Vandenberg, Hoyt Sanford (1899-1954), served as chief of staff of the United States Air Force from 1948
to 1953.
18191 Van Den Bosch, Johannes (1780-1844), was governor general of the Netherlands East Indies (now
Indonesia) from 1830 to 1834.
18192
Van der Bijl, Hendrik Johannes (1887-1948), was a South African engineer, inventor, and industrialist.
18193 Vanderbilt, Cornelius (1794-1877), was the most successful and powerful American businessman of his
time.
18194 Van der Goes, Hugo (1440?-1482), was the leading Flemish painter of religious subjects and portraits of
his generation.
18195 Van der Waals, Johannes Diderik, (1837-1923), a Dutch theoretical physicist, became famous for his
work on the behaviour of liquids and gases.
18196 Van der Weyden, Rogier (1399?-1464), was a Flemish painter of portraits and religious subjects.
18197 Van Devanter, Willis (1859-1941), an American judge, served as an associate justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States from 1911 to 1937.
18198 Van Diemen, Anthony (1593-1645), was governor general of the Netherlands Indies (now Indonesia)
from 1636 to 1645.
18199 Van Doren, Carl (1885-1950), was an American biographer and critic.
18200 Van Doren, Mark (1894-1972), was an American poet, critic, and educator.
18201 Van Druten, John William (1901-1957), was an English-born playwright who became known for his
polished comedies.
18202 Van Dyck, Sir Anthony (1599-1641), was one of the most popular portrait painters of his time.
18203 Van Eyck, Jan (1380?-1441), was one of the greatest and most influential Flemish painters of
altarpieces and portraits of the 1400's.
18204 Van Gogh, Vincent (1853-1890), is one of the most famous painters in modern art.
18205 Van Hise, Charles Richard (1857-1918), was an American geologist and educator.
18206 Vanilla is the name of a group of climbing orchids.
18207
Van Leyden, Lucas (1494?-1533), was a Dutch graphic artist and painter best known for his engravings.
18208 Van Loon, Hendrik Willem (1882-1944), an American historian, biographer, journalist, and lecturer, won
a 1922 Newbery medal for his history of the world, The Story of Mankind (1921).
18209 Van Praagh, Dame Peggy (1910-...), a ballet teacher, choreographer, and dancer, was artistic director of
the Australian Ballet from 1962 to 1965 and co-artistic director from 1965 to 1974.
18210 Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen (1595-1643), was one of the leading Dutch colonizers of the territory that later
became New York, U.S.A. In 1629, the Dutch West India Company authorized large grants of land in
New Netherland to company members who promised t
18211 Van Riebeeck, Jan (1619-1677), was the Dutch commander of the first settlement at the Cape of Good
Hope in southern Africa.
18212 Van't Hoff, Jacobus Henricus, (1852-1911), was a Dutch chemist who received the first Nobel Prize for
chemistry in 1901.
18213 Vanuatu is an island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
18214 Van Wouw, Anton (1862-1945), was one of South Africa's foremost sculptors.
18215 Vapour, in physics, is the term applied to the gaseous state into which solids and liquids pass when they
are heated.
18216
Vapour lamp is a source of electric light that uses a vapour or gas, rather than a wire, to produce light.
18217 Vapour lock occurs in a petrol engine when some of the petrol boils in the fuel-supply system.
18218 Varanasi (pop. 1,018,370), is an ancient holy city of the Hindus in northern India.
18219 Vardaman, James Kimble (1861-1930), a Mississippi Democrat, served as governor from 1904 to 1908
and as a United States senator from 1913 to 1919.
18220 Vardon, Harry (1870-1937), a British golfer, was the only player to win the British Open Golf
Championship six times.
18221 Varese, Edgard (1883-1965), a French-born American composer, was a leading composer of the early
1900's.
18222 Vargas, Getulio Dornellas (1883-1954), served as president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950
to 1954.
18223 Vargas Llosa, Mario (1936-...), is the first Peruvian novelist to win international renown.
18224 Variation, in music, is the technique of adding to or changing some element of a composition.
18225 Varicose vein is a swollen vein caused by some body condition that interferes with the flow of blood
toward the heart.
18226 Varley, Eric Graham (1932-...), a United Kingdom Labour politician, was secretary of state for industry
from 1975 to 1979.
18227 Varnish is a transparent liquid used to protect wood, metal, and other materials from air and moisture,
and to improve their appearance.
18228
Vase is a general term for a decorative or ornamental hollow vessel that is usually used to hold flowers.
18229 Vatican City (pop. 1,000), is the smallest independent state in the world.
18230 Vatican Council I was the 20th ecumenical (general) council of the Roman Catholic Church.
18231 Vatican Council II was the 21st ecumenical (general) council of the Roman Catholic Church.
18232 Vatican Library is the library of the Roman Catholic Church in Vatican City.
18233 Vauban, Sebastien Le Prestre (1633-1707), Marquis de Vauban, best known as a French military
engineer, was equally brilliant as a statesman and economist.
18234 Vaudeville is a kind of theatrical entertainment that features a wide variety of acts.
18235 Vaughan, Henry (1622-1695), a Welsh-born poet, was one of the leading poets of the 1600's.
18236 Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872-1958), was one of Great Britain's foremost composers.
18237 Vault is an arched roof or ceiling.
18238 Veal is the flesh of a calf (young cow or bull) used for food.
18239 Veblen, Thorstein Bunde (1857-1929), was an American economist.
18240 Vedas are the oldest sacred books of Hinduism.
18241 Vega is the brightest star in Lyra, a constellation in the Northern Hemisphere.
18242 Vega, Lope de (1562-1635), was the most important playwright of Spain's Golden Age.
18243 Vegemite is a concentrated yeast extract that has become a popular food product in Australia.
18244 Vegetable is any of many nutritious foods that come from the leaves, roots, seeds, stems, and other
parts of certain plants.
18245 Vegetable oil is a fatty substance obtained from certain plants.
18246 Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat.
18247 Vein is a blood vessel which carries blood toward the heart.
18248 Velazquez, Diego (1599-1660), was an important Spanish baroque painter.
18249 Veld is a word from the Afrikaans language used to describe natural vegetation in South Africa.
18250 Velocity is the rate at which a body moves in space in a given direction.
18251 Velvet is a handsome fabric with a soft and luxurious feel.
18252 Velvetleaf is a weed that has velvety, heart-shaped leaves.
18253 Vendetta is a family feud once common in Italy, especially in Sicily.
18254 Vending machine is a self-service device that dispenses a product or service when money or a token,
card, or key is inserted into it.
18255 Veneer is a thin sheet of wood of uniform thickness cut by peeling, slicing, or sawing logs.
18256 Venetian blind is a window blind made of slats.
18257 Venezuela is a prosperous South American country that ranks as one of the world's leading producers
and exporters of petroleum.
18258 Venice (pop. 309,422), Italy, is one of the world's most famous and unusual cities.
18259 Venizelos, Eleutherios (1864-1936), was the dominant figure in Greek politics from 1910 to 1935.
18260 Venkataraman, Ramaswami (1910-...), an Indian politician, was the president of the Republic of India
from 1987 to 1992.
18261 Venn, Harry Whitall (1844-1908), was commissioner for railways, and minister of public works for
Western Australia, from 1890 to 1896.
18262 Venom is a poisonous substance produced by many kinds of animals.
18263 Ventilation supplies fresh air to indoor places and removes stale air from these places.
18264
Ventriloquism is the illusion of making the voice appear to come from somewhere other than its source.
18265 Ventris, Michael George Francis (1922-1956), a British architect, solved one of the great mysteries of
archaeology.
18266 Venturi, Robert (1925-...), is an American architect whose theories and designs helped establish postmodernism
as an important architectural movement.
18267 Venus was a major goddess in Roman mythology.
18268 Venus is known as Earth's "twin" because the two planets are so similar in size.
18269 Venus de Milo is a famous ancient Greek statue.
18270 Venus'-flytrap is a plant found in a small area of the coastal regions of North and South Carolina, in the
United States.
18271 Veracruz (pop. 328,607), is the chief port of Mexico.
18272 Verb is a part of speech that expresses an action or a state of being.
18273 Verbena is the name of a large group of plants, almost all of which are native to North America and
South America.
18274 Verbrugghen, Henri (1873-1934), a conductor, music teacher, and violinst, became the first director of
the New South Wales Conservatorium.
18275 Verdi, Giuseppe (1813-1901), was an Italian composer of operas.
18276 Verdun, Battles of. Verdun, one of the oldest cities of France, has been a battleground since Attila the
Hun ravaged it in A.D. 450.
18277 Verdun, Treaty of, divided Charlemagne's empire into three parts.
18278 Vereeniging (pop. 60,680), is an important industrial town in Gauteng province in South Africa.
18279 Verga, Giovanni (1840-1922), was an Italian novelist, playwright, and short-story writer.
18280 Verlaine, Paul (1844-1896), was a French poet who became a leader of the poetic movement called
symbolism.
18281 Vermeer, Jan (1632-1675), was a Dutch painter.
18282 Vermiculite is a mineral that occurs as layered flakes.
18283 Vermilion is a pigment or colouring matter used in making paint.
18284 Vermont (pop. 564,964), is a state in New England, United States.
18285 Verne, Jules (1828-1905), a French novelist, wrote some of the first science-fiction stories.
18286 Vernier is an instrument used in measuring lengths and angles.
18287
Veronese, Paolo (1528-1588), painted in and around Venice at the end of the Italian Renaissance.
18288 Veronica, Saint, is traditionally supposed to have been one of the women of Jerusalem who followed
Jesus on His way to Calvary.
18289 Verrazano, Giovanni da (1485?-1528?), an Italian navigator in the service of France, sailed to North
America in 1524.
18290 Verrocchio, Andrea del (about 1435-1488), was an Italian sculptor and painter.
18291 Versailles, Palace of, is a magnificent palace in northern France.
18292
Versailles, Treaty of, officially ended military actions against Germany in World War I (1914-1918).
18293 Vertebrate is an animal with a spinal column (backbone) and a cranium (brain case).
18294 Verwoerd, Hendrik (1901-1966), was prime minister of South Africa from 1958 to 1966.
18295
Very high frequency waves, also called VHF waves, are electromagnetic waves in the frequency band
from 30 megahertz (30 million cycles per second) to 300 megahertz (300 million cycles per second).
18296 Vesalius, Andreas (1514-1564), a Flemish anatomist and doctor, made important contributions to the
study of human anatomy.
18297 Vespasian (A.D. 9-79), was a Roman emperor.
18298 Vespucci, Amerigo (1454-1512), was an Italian-born explorer after whom America was named.
18299 Vesta was the goddess of the home and family in Roman mythology.
18300 Vesuvius is the only active volcano on the mainland of Europe.
18301 Vetch is the name of about 140 species of plants of the pea family.
18302 Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of animals.
18303
Veto is the right of one person to prevent other people from making a decision or taking an action.
18304 Viaduct is like a bridge, except that it crosses over dry land instead of water.
18305 Vibraphone is a percussion instrument that consists of a number of aluminium bars arranged on a frame
like the keys of a piano.
18306 Vibration, in mechanics, is the rapid back-and-forth motion of an object.
18307
Viburnum is the name of some 150 species of small trees and shrubs of the Northern Hemisphere.
18308 Vice president is the second highest executive officer in the government of some nations.
18309 Viceroy is an official who rules a province or colony in the name of a king.
18310 Vichy (pop. 30,527), is a resort town on the Allier River in central France.
18311 Vico, Giovanni Battista (1668-1744), was an Italian scholar and philosopher.
18312 Victor Emmanuel was the name of a king of the Kingdom of Sardinia and of two kings of Italy.
18313 Victor Harbor (pop. 7,228), is one of South Australia's most popular tourist towns.
18314 Victoria (1819-1901), was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901
and became one of the most famous rulers in English history.
18315 Victoria lies in the southeastern corner of the Australian continent.
18316 Victoria (pop. 66,303; met. area pop. 255,547), is the capital of British Columbia, Canada.
18317 Victoria is the capital of Hong Kong.
18318 Victoria, Guadalupe (1785-1843), was the first president of Mexico.
18319 Victoria and Albert Museum, in London, houses one of the world's most important collections of
decorative art and fine art.
18320 Victoria Cross is the highest military decoration awarded in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth
of Nations.
18321
Victoria Falls is a waterfall that the British explorer David Livingstone sighted in southern Africa in 1855.
18322 Victoria Land is part of the Antarctic subcontinent.
18323 Victoria River Downs, a region in the Northern Territory of Australia, has one of the country's biggest
cattle stations.
18324 Vicuna is the smallest member of the camel family.
18325 Vidal, Gore (1925-...), is an American author best known for his novels.
18326 Video camera is a device that captures images and converts them into electronic signals for viewing on
a television set.
18327 Video game is a game played by an electronic device and displayed on a television set, computer
monitor, or other viewing screen.
18328 Videodisc, also spelled video disk or videodisk, is a flat, round platter on which visual images and sound
have been recorded for reproduction on a television set.
18329 Videophone is a device that allows images as well as speech to be transmitted along a telephone line or
satellite link.
18330 Videotape recorder is a device that records visual images and sound on magnetic tape.
18331 Vienna (pop. 1,539,858), is the capital and largest city of Austria.
18332 Vienna, Congress of, was a meeting held from late 1814 to early 1815 to settle the issues arising from
almost 25 years of war between France and the rest of Europe.
18333 Vientiane (pop. 264,277), is the capital and largest city of Laos.
18334 Vietnam is a tropical country in Southeast Asia.
18335 Vietnam War was a major conflict in Southeast Asia.
18336 Vigee-Lebrun, Elisabeth (1755-1842), was a popular French portrait painter.
18337 Vigilante is a member of a self-appointed citizen group or vigilance committee.
18338 Vigny, Alfred de (1797-1863), a French author, was a leading figure in the romantic movement.
18339 Vigoro is an Australian game for women played with a paddlelike bat and a ball, with stumps at each end
of a pitch 17.7 metres long.
18340 Vijayanagar Empire was one of the last great kingdoms of India's medieval period.
18341 Vikings were seafaring peoples who rose to dominance in northern Europe during medieval times.
18342 Villa, Pancho (1877-1923), was a Mexican bandit chieftain who became a rebel general.
18343 Villa-Lobos, Heitor (1887-1959), was a Brazilian composer who played a crucial role in developing a
Brazilian national style of music.
18344 Village is a small cluster of dwellings with inhabitants who feel a sense of community--that is, a sense of
belonging to a group and sharing the economic and other resources of a place.
18345
Villard, Oswald Garrison (1872-1949), was editor of the New York Evening Post and then The Nation.
18346 Villein was an agricultural worker whose status was midway between that of freeman and slave during
the Middle Ages in England.
18347 Villiers, Alan (1903-1982), a distinguished Australian sailor, became Australia's most important and
prolific writer about the sea.
18348 Villon, Francois (1431-?), was a great French poet.
18349 Vilnius (pop. 535,000), is the capital and largest city of Lithuania.
18350 Vimy Ridge, Battle of, was a World War I (1914-1918) battle in which Canadian forces scored an
important victory over the Germans.
18351 Vina del Mar (pop. 307,308), is the leading seaside resort city of Chile.
18352
Vincent de Paul, Saint (1581-1660), a Roman Catholic leader, founded two important religious orders.
18353 Vine usually means a plant that has a weak and flexible stem requiring some kind of support.
18354 Vinegar is a sour liquid used for seasoning and for preserving foods.
18355 Vinegar eel is a tiny roundworm that lives in vinegar.
18356
Vinland is the name early Scandinavian explorers gave to a region on the east coast of North America.
18357 Vintage and veteran cars provide an absorbing hobby for many people.
18358 Vinyl is one of the most useful plastics materials ever developed.
18359 Viol is the name of a class of stringed instruments played with a bow.
18360 Viola is a stringed musical instrument that resembles a large violin.
18361 Violet is the common name of a group of flowering plants.
18362 Violin is a stringed instrument that is played with a bow.
18363 Viper is any one of a group of poisonous snakes.
18364 Viper's bugloss is a hairy plant that has a spotted stem and showy blue flowers.
18365 Virchow, Rudolf (1821-1902), was a prominent German doctor, scientist, and statesman.
18366 Vireo is the name of a family of small songbirds.
18367 Virgil (70-19 B.C.), also spelled Vergil, was the greatest poet of ancient Rome and one of the
outstanding poets in world literature.
18368 Virgin Islands, British, are a dependency of the United Kingdom located in the West Indies.
18369 Virgin Islands of the United States (pop. 111,000), is the name of a group of small islands that lie about
65 kilometres east of Puerto Rico.
18370 Virginal is a keyboard instrument that resembles a harpsichord.
18371 Virginia, a state in the Southern United States, was the site of some of the most important events in
American history.
18372 Virginia creeper is the name of about 10 species of climbing plants of Asia and North America.
18373 Virgo, the Virgin, is the sixth sign of the zodiac.
18374 Viroid is one of the smallest known agents of infectious disease.
18375 Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari (1895-1973), a Finnish biochemist, won the 1945 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his
research and inventions in agricultural and nutritive chemistry (see NOBEL PRIZE).
18376 Virtual reality is an artificial, three-dimensional environment created by a computer and various other
devices.
18377 Virus is a microscopic organism that lives in a cell of another living thing.
18378 Visa is an endorsement that government officials place on a passport to show the passport is valid (see
PASSPORT).
18379 Visayan Islands is a group of islands in central Philippines, lying between Luzon and Mindanao.
18380 Viscacha is the name of four species of South American rodents.
18381 Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to flow.
18382 Viscount is a title held by certain British noblemen.
18383 Vishnu is one of the two main gods of Hinduism.
18384 Vistula River is an important waterway of east central Europe.
18385 Vital statistics are a record of the most basic human events, including birth, marriage, divorce, sickness,
and death.
18386 Vitamin is a chemical compound that the human body needs in small amounts.
18387 Vivaldi, Antonio (1678-1741), was an Italian composer.
18388 Vivekananda (1863-1902), was an Indian philosopher and social reformer.
18389 Viviparous animal is an animal that reproduces by means of eggs that are fertilized and develop inside
the mother's body.
18390 Vizier is the title some Muslim countries give to certain high officials, such as ministers of state.
18391 Vizsla is a short-haired hunting dog also known as the Hungarian pointer.
18392 Vladimir I (956?-1015), was a Grand Prince of Kiev, in what is now Ukraine.
18393 Vladivostok (pop. 590,000), is the most important Russian port on the Pacific Ocean.
18394 Vlaminck, Maurice de (1876-1958), was a French artist.
18395 Vocabulary is the total number of words in a language.
18396
Vogel, Sir Julius (1835-1899), was prime minister of New Zealand from 1873 to 1875, and again in 1876.
18397 Vogt, William (1902-1968), was an American ecologist and ornithologist.
18398 Voice. Almost all animals have voices.
18399 Voice, in grammar, is a feature of verbs.
18400 Voice-recognition software enables a computer to translate spoken words into digital format--that is, into
the digits 0 and 1 that computers use to process data.
18401
Voiceprint, also called speech spectrogram, is a visual record of the sound waves of a human voice.
18402 Voile is a thin, open cloth made of silk, cotton, polyester, rayon, or nylon.
18403 Volapuk was the first widely used universal language.
18404 Volcano is an opening in the earth's surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt
(burst forth).
18405 Vole is a mouselike animal.
18406 Volga River is the longest river in Europe.
18407 Volgograd (pop. 1,005,000) is an important manufacturing city in Russia.
18408
Volkswagen, a German car manufacturer, is one of the world's leading producers of passenger cars.
18409
Volleyball is a game in which the players hit a ball back and forth across a net with their hands or arms.
18410 Vollmer, August (1876-1955), was a police administrator, consultant, author, and criminologist.
18411 Volstead, Andrew John (1860-1947) was a Republican congressman from 1903 to 1923.
18412
Volt is a unit of electric measurement in the metric system known as the International System of Units.
18413 Volta, Count (1745-1827), was an Italian inventor who won fame as the inventor of the voltaic pile, an
early type of electric battery.
18414
Voltaire (1694-1778), was the pen name of Francois-Marie Arouet, a French author and philosopher.
18415 Voltmeter is an instrument that measures the voltage (difference in potential) between two points of an
electric current.
18416 Volume of a body is the amount of space it occupies.
18417 Vomiting is the act of expelling the contents of the stomach through the mouth.
18418 Von Bekesy, Georg (1899-1972), an American physicist, won the 1961 Nobel Prize in medicine for his
research on the cochlea (the spiral canal of the inner ear).
18419 Von Braun, Wernher (1912-1977), was one of the world's foremost rocket engineers and a leading
authority on space travel.
18420 Von Haast, Sir Julius (1822-1887), was a German-born New Zealand colonist and scientist.
18421 Von Karman, Theodore (1881-1963), became one of the outstanding scientists of the 1900's.
18422 Von Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand (1825-1896), was a German botanist and explorer who added greatly
to knowledge of Australian plants during the 1800's.
18423 Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. (1922-...), is an American author.
18424 Von Nida, Norman (1914-...), an Australian golfer was Australian Open champion in 1950, 1952, and
1953.
18425 Von Neumann, John (1903-1957), was an outstanding mathematician.
18426 Von Sternberg, Josef (1894-1969), was an American film director.
18427 Von Tempsky, Gustavus Ferdinand (1828-1868), was one of the most courageous and romantic figures
of the New Zealand Wars.
18428 Von Willebrand's disease is a hereditary disease in which the skin bleeds for an abnormally long period
of time when injured.
18429 Voodoo is a term used for a variety of beliefs, traditions, and practices that are derived largely from
traditional African religions and from Christianity.
18430
Vorster, Balthazar Johannes (1915-1983), served as prime minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978.
18431 Voting is a method by which groups of people make decisions.
18432
Vowel. When a person says "ah" for the doctor, an open sound is made with free passage of breath.
18433 Voyager, a Daring class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy, sank after a collision with the aircraft
carrier Melbourne on Feb. 10, 1964.
18434 V/STOL is a type of aircraft that can take off and land (1) vertically or (2) on a very short runway.
18435 Vuillard, Edouard (1868-1940), was a French painter.
18436 Vulcan, in Roman mythology, was the god of fire, metalworking, and skilled craftwork in general.
18437
Vulgate is the name of a Latin translation of the Bible, which was largely the work of Saint Jerome.
18438 Vulture is the name of various large birds of prey.
18439 W is the 23rd letter of the English alphabet.
18440
Wager is a bet, or anything which is risked on the outcome of an event or the answer to a question.
18441 Wages and hours. Wages are the price paid for work.
18442 Wagga Wagga (pop. 53,453) is a city in southern New South Wales, Australia.
18443 Wagner, Richard (1813-1883), was a great German composer who fundamentally changed European
musical, literary, and theatrical life.
18444 Wagon is a four-wheeled vehicle made to be drawn by a horse or tractor.
18445 Wagtail is the name of a group of mainly grassland birds that bob or wag their tail up and down as they
walk.
18446 Wahoo is a fish that lives in warm parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans.
18447 Waikato is the richest farming district in the North Island of New Zealand.
18448 Waikato River is the longest river in New Zealand.
18449 Wain, John (1925-1994), a British novelist and literary critic, established a reputation as a penetrating
observer of the English social scene in the 1950's.
18450 Wainwright, Jonathan Mayhew (1883-1953), was an American general whose courage made him a hero
of World War II (1939-1945).
18451
Wainewright, Thomas Griffiths (1794-1847) was a writer and artist in early colonial days in Australia.
18452 Wairarapa is a district in the southeastern part of the North Island of New Zealand.
18453 Wairau Tragedy was an incident between European settlers and the Maori in the Nelson district of the
South Island of New Zealand.
18454 Waitakeres are hilly ranges northwest of Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand.
18455 Waitaki is a river in the southeastern part of the South Island of New Zealand.
18456 Waitangi, Treaty of, was an agreement that was made between the Maori of New Zealand and the
British government in 1840.
18457 Waitangi Day is celebrated as a holiday in New Zealand on February 6.
18458 Waite, Peter (1834-1922), a farmer, businessman, and benefactor, bought an interest in several sheep
stations in South Australia with Thomas Elder.
18459 Waite Institute is an agricultural research institute in South Australia.
18460 Waitemata Harbour is the main harbour of Auckland, on the North Island of New Zealand.
18461 Waitomo Caves are limestone caves near Te Kuiti, in the North Island of New Zealand.
18462 Waka Nene, Tamati (1780-1871), was a Maori chief who was friendly towards the Europeans.
18463 Wake is the custom of watching over a dead person before burial.
18464 Wake Island is a United States possession in the west-central Pacific Ocean.
18465 Wakefield (pop. 306,300) is a metropolitan district in West Yorkshire, England, known for its coal-mining
industry.
18466 Wakefield, Lord (1898-1983), William Wavell Wakefield, was a famous British sportsman and was also a
member of Parliament.
18467 Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796-1862), was a British colonial reformer and the pioneer of planned
settlement in New Zealand.
18468 Walata was a leading trading city in West Africa from the late 1000's to the 1500's.
18469 Walcott, Derek (1930-...), is a West Indian-born poet and playwright.
18470 Waldenses are members of a Christian religious group.
18471 Waldheim, Kurt (1918-...), is an Austrian diplomat who served as the fourth secretary-general of the
United Nations (UN) from 1972 to 1982.
18472 Wales is one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, often shortened to the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain.
18473 Walesa, Lech (1943-...), was president of Poland from 1990 to 1995.
18474 Waley, Arthur (1889-1966), was a British poet, translator, and authority on Chinese and Japanese
literature.
18475 Wali Sanga were nine Muslim saints who introduced Islam into Java, Indonesia, in the 1400's.
18476 Walker, David (1785-1830), was a black American abolitionist who wrote a famous antislavery pamphlet,
An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829).
18477 Walker, John (1952-...), a New Zealand athlete, created a new world record in 1975 when he ran a mile
(1.6 kilometres) in 3 minutes 49.4 seconds.
18478 Walker, Kath (1920-...), a poet and activist for Australian Aboriginal rights, was one of the first Aboriginal
poets published in English.
18479 Walker, Peter (1932-...), a British Conservative Party politician, was secretary of state for Wales from
1987 until he left the government in May 1990.
18480 Walkie-talkie is a hand-held two-way radio that provides quick communication.
18481 Walking, as a competitive sport, is a race between two or more people, or against time.
18482 Wall Street is a short, narrow street in New York City.
18483 Wallaby is the name of a group of marsupials of Australia and New Guinea that belongs to the kangaroo
family.
18484 Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913), was a British naturalist and explorer.
18485 Wallace, Edgar (1875-1932), a British journalist and prolific novelist, gained great popularity for his crime
novels, such as The Melody of Death.
18486 Wallace, Lew (1827-1905), was an American author, diplomat, lawyer, and military leader.
18487 Wallace, Sir William (1272?-1305), was a Scottish patriot who led a revolt against King Edward I of
England.
18488 Wallach, Otto (1847-1931), a German chemist, worked out the nature of the complex mixtures found in
ethereal oils of plants.
18489 Wallaroo, called a euro by inland Australians, is a large marsupial of the kangaroo family.
18490 Wallasey is a residential area and holiday resort on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England.
18491 Wallboard is a kind of board made of fibres of wood, cane, and other fibrous materials.
18492 Wallenberg, Raoul (1912-...?), a Swedish businessman and diplomat, helped save about 100,000
Hungarian Jews from being killed by the Nazis in 1944, during World War II.
18493 Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von (1583-1634), a Bohemian general, played an important role
in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
18494 Waller, Edmund (1606-1687), was an English lyric poet.
18495 Waller, Fats (1904-1943), was an American jazz pianist, songwriter, and entertainer.
18496 Wallflower is a fragrant plant that originated in southern Europe.
18497 Wallis, Sir Barnes (1887-1979), a British aeronautical engineer and inventor, designed the Swallow
variable-sweep wing principle.
18498 Walloons are a group of people who live in southern Belgium.
18499 Wallpaper is decorative paper used to cover inside walls.
18500 Wallum is a name applied to the usually flat, sandy heathland country that extends along the east coast
of Australia from Tweed Heads in New South Wales to the Tropic of Capricorn.
18501 Walnut is the name of a type of tree valued for its nuts and wood.
18502 Walpole, Horace (1717-1797), was a noted English letter writer, author, and art lover.
18503 Walpole, Sir Hugh Seymour (1884-1941), was one of the most popular British novelists in the early
1900's.
18504 Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745), the first Earl of Orford, was the most influential politician in England
during the first half of the 1700's.
18505
Walpurgis Night is the eve of May Day, when German people celebrate the feast of St. Walpurgis.
18506 Walrus is a sea animal that lives in parts of the Arctic, North Atlantic, and North Pacific oceans.
18507 Walsall (pop. 255,600) is a town and local government area in West Midlands, England, important for its
manufacturing industries.
18508
Walsh's Pyramid is a 1,000-metre high, pyramid-shaped hill near Gordonvale in Queensland, Australia.
18509 Walsingham, Sir Francis (1530?-1590), an English politician, was secretary of state to Elizabeth I from
1573 until his death.
18510 Walt Disney Company is a leading American entertainment company.
18511 Walter, Bruno (1876-1962), was one of the leading symphony orchestra and opera conductors of the
1900's.
18512 Walter Taylor Bridge crosses the Brisbane River at Indooroopilly in Queensland, Australia.
18513 Waltham Forest (pop. 203,400) is an English borough within the Greater London area.
18514 Walther von der Vogelweide (1170?-1230?), was perhaps the greatest of the medieval minnesingers
(love poets).
18515 Walters, Douglas (1945-...), an Australian cricketer, became one of the leading test run-scorers in
Australian history.
18516 Walton, Ernest Thomas Sinton (1903-1995), an Irish physicist, shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for physics
with Sir John Cockcroft.
18517
Walton, Izaak (1593-1683), was an English author best known for his book, The Compleat Angler.
18518 Walton, Sir William (1902-1983), was an English composer whose works are noted for their strong
sense of melody and form.
18519 Waltz is a ballroom dance in 3/4 time characterized by its swift gliding turns.
18520 Waltzing Matilda is the most famous of Australian songs.
18521 Walvis Bay is a district of Namibia that was administered for many years by South Africa.
18522 Wampum is an American Indian word for purple or white beads made from shells.
18523 Wanamaker, John (1838-1922), was an American merchant and philanthropist.
18524 Wandering Jew was a figure in medieval Christian legend.
18525 Wandsworth (pop. 237,500) is an English borough within the Greater London area.
18526
Wang Wei (699-759) was a Chinese painter and poet known especially for his skill as a landscape artist.
18527 Wanganui (pop. 45,082) is a city situated on the southwest coast of the North Island of New Zealand at
the mouth of the Wanganui River.
18528
Wangaratta (pop. 15,984) is a city in Victoria, Australia, about 233 kilometres northeast of Melbourne.
18529 Wansbeck (pop. 60,100) is a local government area in Northumberland, England.
18530 Wansdyke (pop. 78,700) was a local government area in southeast Avon, England.
18531 Wapentake was an Anglo-Saxon administrative area containing several villages.
18532 Wapiti is a North American red deer.
18533 War. Since the dawn of history, people have fought against other people.
18534 War aces are aeroplane pilots who shoot down at least five enemy aircraft during a war.
18535 War correspondent is a journalist who covers the battles and campaigns of a war for newspaper, radio
or television.
18536 War crime is a military violation of the rules of warfare.
18537 War of 1812. The War of 1812 was a war between Great Britain (now known as the United Kingdom)
and the United States.
18538 War Powers Resolution is a United States law designed to balance military powers of the president and
Congress.
18539 Warana is an Australian Aboriginal word meaning blue skies.
18540 Waratah is a tall shrub with brilliant red flowers, leathery leaves, and leathery seed pods with winged
seeds.
18541
Warbeck, Perkin (1474?-1499), became one of the most famous "pretenders" in European history.
18542 Warble fly is a large, hairy, two-winged fly that resembles a bumble bee.
18543 Warbler is the popular name for any one of many small perching birds.
18544 Warburton, Peter Egerton (1813-1889), an Australian explorer, travelled from Alice Springs to Perth in
March 1873.
18545 Ward is a word that once had much the same meaning as the word guard.
18546 Ward, Aaron Montgomery (1844-1913), an American businessman, pioneered in the mail-order business
in the United States.
18547 Ward, Artemus (1834-1867), was the pen name of Charles Farrar Browne, one of the most important
American humorists of the 1800's.
18548 Ward, Barbara (1914-1981), was a British economist and journalist.
18549 Ward, Sir Joseph (1856-1930), a New Zealand Liberal Party politician, was prime minister of New
Zealand twice, and served as a cabinet minister under three other prime ministers.
18550 Ward, Mary Augusta (1851-1920), a novelist and social worker, was the granddaughter of Thomas
Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby, and niece of the poet Matthew Arnold.
18551 Warhol, Andy (1930?-1987), was an American artist known for pictures that consist of images of familiar
objects or people.
18552 Warlock, Peter (1894-1930), is the name which the British composer and writer Philip Heseltine used for
his musical compositions.
18553 Warm-blooded animal is an animal that almost always has about the same body temperature, regardless
of the temperature of its surroundings.
18554 Warmerdam, Cornelius (1915-...), an American athlete, became the first great pole vaulter in track and
field history.
18555 Warne, Shane (1969-...), is an Australian cricketer, regarded as perhaps one of test cricket's best spin
bowlers.
18556 Warner, Sir Pelham (1873-1963), was a great cricket administrator and writer on the game.
18557 Warragamba Dam is on the Warragamba River, west of Sydney, Australia.
18558 Warrant is a document authorizing a person to do something.
18559 Warren, Charles (1868-1954), an American lawyer, gained fame for his definitive historical books on the
Supreme Court of the United States and on the American bar.
18560 Warren, John Collins (1778-1856), was an American surgeon.
18561 Warren, Robert Penn (1905-1989), was an American novelist, poet, and literary critic.
18562 Warren Report is a summary of events related to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in
Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., on Nov. 22, 1963.
18563 Warrington (pop. 179,500), is a unitary authority with all the local government powers within its
boundaries in northern Cheshire, England, between Liverpool and Manchester.
18564 Warrnambool (pop. 23,950) is a city in Victoria, Australia.
18565 Warrumbungle Range is a low dividing range about 150 kilometres long, which extends northwestward
from the Liverpool Range in eastern Australia.
18566 Wars of the Roses brought civil strife to England in the late 1400's.
18567 Warsaw (pop. 1,659,400) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
18568
Warsaw Pact was a treaty which brought the East European nations under a unified military command.
18569 Warship is a naval combat ship.
18570 Wart is a hard, rough growth on the surface of the skin.
18571 Wart hog is a large, wild African pig.
18572 Warwick (pop. 114,900) is a local government district in north Warwickshire, England, which includes the
towns of Leamington Spa and Warwick.
18573 Warwick, Earl of (1587-1658), was an English colonial administrator.
18574 Warwickshire, famous for its associations with William Shakespeare, lies in the heart of England.
18575 Wash, The, is a shallow bay on the east coast of England between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.
18576 Washakie, (1804?-1900), was a chief of the eastern Shoshone Indians in Utah and Wyoming, U.S.A. He
was known for his friendship toward white people and for his relentless warfare against his Indian
enemies.
18577 Washburn, Sherwood Larned (1911-...), is an American anthropologist.
18578 Washing machine is a machine that quickly washes clothes, linens, and other items.
18579 Washington is a state on the Pacific Coast in the northwestern United States.
18580 Washington, Booker T. (1856-1915), was the most influential black leader and educator of his time in the
United States.
18581 Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States.
18582 Washington, George (1732-1799), known as the "Father of his Country," was the first president of the
United States.
18583 Washington, Treaty of, was a treaty signed in 1871 by the United States and Great Britain in
Washington, D.C.
18584 Washington Conference was a meeting held in Washington, D.C., to discuss naval disarmament and
certain problems involving east Asia.
18585 Washington Monument is a great obelisk built in honour of George Washington.
18586 Wasp is any of a large number of insects closely related to bees and ants.
18587 Wassermann, August von (1866-1925), was a German bacteriologist and immunologist.
18588 Waste disposal is the process of getting rid of human waste products.
18589 Wat Tyler's Rebellion, also called the Peasants' Revolt, was an uprising by English farm labourers in
1381.
18590 Watch is a small, portable clock.
18591 Water is the most common substance on earth.
18592 Water beetle is the name given to many separate families of beetles that live in the water.
18593 Water buffalo. Several kinds of wild oxen may be called water buffaloes.
18594 Water bug is the common name for insects that spend most of their lives in the water.
18595 Water chestnut is the common name for two very different kinds of aquatic plants.
18596 Water clock, also called clepsydra, was an instrument that recorded time by measuring water escaping
from a vessel.
18597 Water crowfoot is a water plant of the buttercup family, native to Europe and Asia.
18598 Water flea is the common name of a group of tiny crustaceans that live primarily in freshwater ponds and
lakes.
18599
Water glass, also known as soluble glass, is a jellylike compound of sodium, silicon, and oxygen.
18600 Water hyacinth is a plant that grows chiefly in the tropical regions of the world.
18601 Water lily, also called pond lily, is the popular name for various beautiful water plants that grow in both
temperate and hot climates.
18602
Water meter is a device that measures the volume of water that flows through a pipe or a large channel.
18603 Water moccasin is a poisonous snake that lives in the southeastern United States.
18604 Water plant, also called aquatic plant or hydrophyte, is a name used for any plant that is specially
adapted to live in water.
18605 Water pollution is one of our most serious environmental problems.
18606 Water polo is a sport in which two teams in a pool try to score by throwing or pushing a hollow rubber
ball into the opponents' goal.
18607 Water power is a valuable source of energy.
18608 Water-skiing is a popular sport in which a person wearing special skis is pulled over the water by a
speeding motorboat.
18609 Water softening is a method of removing from water the minerals that make it hard.
18610 Water wheel changes the energy of falling water into mechanical energy which can be used for running
machinery.
18611 Watercolour is a painting method by which an artist works with water-thinned colours on a white or tinted
surface, usually paper.
18612 Waterfall is a sudden fall of a river or stream.
18613 Waterford is one of the six counties in the province of Munster in the Republic of Ireland.
18614 Waterford (pop 40,345) is a city in southeastern Ireland.
18615 Watergate was the name of one of the biggest political scandals in United States history.
18616 Waterhouse, Henry (1770-1812), a British naval officer, introduced Merino sheep to Australia.
18617 Waterloo, Battle of, fought on June 18, 1815, was the final battle of the French military genius, Napoleon
Bonaparte.
18618 Watermark is an identifying mark pressed into paper as it is formed by a papermaking machine.
18619 Watermelon is a large, sweet fruit.
18620 Watermill is a mill (grinding machine) that is operated by water wheels.
18621
Waterproofing is a way of treating cloth, leather, wood, or other materials so that they will shed water.
18622 Waters, Ethel (1900-1977), was a popular black American singer and actress.
18623 Waterspout is a tornado that occurs over a lake or ocean.
18624 Watford (pop. 72,100) is the largest town in Hertfordshire, England.
18625 Watson, Chris (1867-1941), the first Labor prime minister of Australia, held office for four months in
1904.
18626 Watson, James Dewey (1928-...), is an American biologist.
18627 Watson, John Broadus (1878-1958), an American psychologist, became best known as the leader of a
revolutionary movement in psychology called behaviourism.
18628 Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander (1892-1973), a Scottish electronics engineer and inventor, helped to
develop radar.
18629 Watt is a unit of power in the metric system.
18630 Watt, James (1736-1819), was a Scottish engineer whose improved engine design first made steam
power practicable.
18631 Watteau, Antoine (1684-1721), a French painter, developed a style and subject matter that began the
rococo movement.
18632 Wattle is the name used in Australia for trees and shrubs of the Acacia group.
18633 Wattle Day is celebrated in New South Wales, Australia, on August 1 every year.
18634 Wattmeter is an instrument used to measure electric power.
18635 Watts, George Frederic (1817-1904), a British painter and sculptor, won fame for his portraits.
18636 Watts, Isaac (1674-1748), an English clergyman, wrote more than 700 hymns and psalms.
18637 Waugh, Evelyn (1903-1966), was an English author best known for his satirical novels about wealthy
London society.
18638 Wavell, Archibald Percival (1883-1950), was a British soldier and statesman.
18639 Waveney (pop. 105,500) is a local government district in Suffolk, England.
18640 Waverley (pop. 111,500), a local government district in Surrey, England, takes its name from a now
ruined abbey near Farnham.
18641 Waves are motions that carry energy, but not matter, from one place to another.
18642 Wax is a fatty substance that is widely used as a protective coating for various surfaces.
18643 Wax myrtle is a large, fragrant evergreen shrub or small tree found along the eastern coast of the United
States.
18644
Waxbill is any one of a group of small, colourful, seed-eating birds found in Africa, Asia and Australia.
18645 Waxwing is a silky-feathered, greyish-brown bird that is larger than a sparrow, and has a conspicuous
crest or topknot.
18646 Wayang is the traditional drama of Java and Bali, in Indonesia.
18647 Wayne, Anthony (1745-1796), was an American officer in the American Revolution.
18648 Wayne, John (1907-1979), an American film star, became famous for his he-man roles.
18649 Weakfish, also called squeteague, is a saltwater food fish of the croaker family.
18650 Weald is a region in southern England between the North Downs and the South Downs in Kent, Surrey,
and Sussex.
18651
Wealden (pop. 127,700) is a large, mainly rural local government district in East Sussex, England.
18652 Weapon. Weapons have played an important part in the history of humanity.
18653 Wear Valley (pop. 62,100) is a local government district in the county of Durham, England.
18654 Weasel is a small furry animal that has a long, slender body and short legs.
18655 Weather is the state of the atmosphere at some place and time.
18656 Weather vane is a device that turns freely on an upright rod and points in the direction from which wind
comes.
18657
Weatherill, Bernard (1920-...), became Speaker of the United Kingdom House of Commons in 1983.
18658
Weaverbird is any one of a large family of birds best known for weaving intricate nests from plant fibres.
18659
Weaving is the process of making cloth by crossing two sets of threads over and under each other.
18660 Web browser is a software package used to access locations on the World Wide Web, part of the global
computer network called the Internet.
18661 Web site is a collection of information at a specific address on the World Wide Web.
18662 Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, were British social reformers.
18663 Weber is a unit used to measure magnetic flux in a magnetic field.
18664 Weber, Carl Maria von (1786-1826), was the first important composer of German romantic opera.
18665 Weber, Max (1864-1920), was a German sociologist and economist.
18666 Weber, Max (1881-1961), was a pioneer modern painter in America.
18667 Webern, Anton (1883-1945), was an Austrian composer.
18668 Webster, Daniel (1782-1852), was the best-known American orator, and one of the ablest lawyers and
statesmen of his time.
18669 Webster, John (1580?-1625?), an English playwright, is noted for two tragedies, The White Devil
(completed about 1612) and The Duchess of Malfi (completed about 1613).
18670 Webster, Margaret (1905-1972), an American actress and director, became famous for her exciting
productions of Shakespeare's plays.
18671 Webster, Noah (1758-1843), was an American educator and journalist who won fame for compiling
Webster's Dictionary.
18672
Wedding anniversary. It is customary for married couples to celebrate their wedding anniversaries.
18673 Wedekind, Frank (1864-1918), was a German playwright who savagely attacked the smugness,
hypocrisy, and corruption he saw in middle-class morality.
18674
Wedge is a device that has two or more sloping surfaces that taper either to a sharp edge or to a point.
18675 Wedge, John Helder (1793-1872), an English-born surveyor, explored many parts of the island of Van
Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).
18676 Wedge-tailed eagle is the fourth largest eagle in the world.
18677 Wedgwood, Josiah (1730-1795), was the outstanding leader in the pottery industry during the greatest
period of British pottery making.
18678 Wedgwood, Dame Veronica (1910-...), an English historian and writer, became a leading authority on
the 1600's, especially the people and events of the English Civil War.
18679
Wedgwood ware is a type of pottery first made by the English potter Josiah Wedgwood about 1759.
18680 Wednesday is the English name for the fourth day of the week.
18681 Wee Waa is a town in the Namoi River Valley in northwestern New South Wales, 607 kilometres from
Sydney, Australia.
18682 Weed is any plant that grows where people do not want it to grow.
18683 Weed, Thurlow (1797-1882), was an American journalist and political leader.
18684 Week is a division of time which includes seven days.
18685 Weeks, Sinclair (1893-1972), an American businessman, served as secretary of commerce from 1953 to
1958 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
18686 Weelkes, Thomas (1575?-1623), an English organist and composer, won fame for his madrigals.
18687 Weems, Mason Locke (1759-1825), was an American clergyman who became famous as a writer and
travelling bookseller.
18688 Weever is any one of a small group of marine fish best known for a painful sting.
18689 Weevil is the name of many kinds of beetles with a long snout.
18690 Wegener, Alfred (1880-1930), a German meteorologist, was the first person to set out continental drift as
a scientific theory.
18691
Weight is the gravitational force put forth on an object by the planet on which the object is located.
18692 Weight, Carel (1908-1997), a British painter, used a realistic style to represent such feelings as anger,
love, fear, hate, and loneliness.
18693 Weight control is the process of controlling the amount of body fat.
18694 Weight lifting involves the lifting of weights attached to a barbell.
18695 Weights and measures are the standards used to find the size of things.
18696 Weill, Kurt (1900-1950), was a German composer famous for his music for the theatre.
18697 Weimaraner is a hunting dog that originated in Weimar, Germany, in the 1800's.
18698 Weinberger, Caspar Willard (1917-...), was a United States Republican government official who held two
Cabinet posts.
18699
Weipa (pop. 2,417) is a community on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia.
18700 Weisgard, Leonard (1916-...), is an American artist and illustrator of children's books.
18701 Weismann, August (1834-1914), a German biologist, is known chiefly for his theories of heredity and
evolution.
18702 Weissmuller, Johnny (1904-1984), was a United States swimmer who won five Olympic gold medals and
set 28 free-style world records.
18703 Weizmann, Chaim (1874-1952), served as the first president of Israel from 1949 until his death.
18704 Weka is a large bird that lives only in New Zealand.
18705 Welcome Stranger is the name given to a nugget of gold discovered at Moliagul, in Victoria, Australia, on
Feb. 5, 1869.
18706 Welding is a method of permanently joining two pieces of metal, usually by means of heat.
18707 Welkom (pop. 106,000) is a city in South Africa.
18708 Well is a hole in the earth from which a fluid is withdrawn.
18709 Welland Ship Canal is one of Canada's greatest engineering projects.
18710 Welles, Orson (1915-1985), was an American actor and film director.
18711 Wellingborough (pop. 66,100) is a borough in Northamptonshire, England.
18712 Wellington (pop. 325,682) is the capital and second largest city of New Zealand.
18713
Wellington, Duke of (1769-1852), was a British soldier and statesman who was known as The Iron Duke.
18714 Wells is an ancient cathedral city and market town in Somerset, England.
18715 Wells, H. G. (1866-1946), was a famous English novelist, historian, science writer, and author of sciencefiction
stories.
18716 Wells, Fargo & Company was an early American express and banking organization.
18717 Wells, Lawrence Allen (1860-1938), was an Australian surveyor and explorer.
18718 Wels, also called the European catfish, is a large freshwater fish.
18719 Welsbach, Baron von (1858-1929), was an Austrian chemist and pioneer in artificial lighting.
18720 Welsh language is the national language of the people of Wales.
18721 Welsh literature holds a place of special importance for the people of Wales.
18722 Welsh springer spaniel looks like its relative, the English springer.
18723 Welsh terrier is one of the oldest English breeds of dogs.
18724 Welty, Eudora (1909-...), is an American short-story writer and novelist known for her searching studies
of small-town life in the South.
18725 Welwitschia, also called tumboa, is a peculiar plant that grows in the sandy deserts of southwestern
Africa.
18726 Welwyn Hatfield (pop. 91,600) is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England.
18727 Wembley, a region of the London Borough of Brent, is famous mainly for its sports stadium.
18728 Wen is a cyst (growth) in the skin.
18729 Wenning, Pieter Willem Frederick (1873-1921), was one of South Africa's major painters.
18730 Wentworth, Benning (1696-1770), an American, served as royal governor of New Hampshire from 1741
to 1767.
18731 Wentworth, William Charles (1790-1872), was an Australian pioneer, statesman, and lawyer.
18732 Wenzhou, also spelled Wen-chou (pop. 508,611), is a busy seaport and a major city in the Zhejiang
Province of China.
18733 Werewolf, according to superstition, is a person who changes into a wolf.
18734 Werfel, Franz, (1890-1945), was an Austrian writer.
18735 Wergeland, Henrik Arnold (1808-1845), was a Norwegian patriot and author.
18736 Werner, Abraham Gottlob (1749?-1817), a German geologist, formulated a theory on the origin of the
earth that was widely accepted in his time.
18737 Wertenbaker, Timberlake (1951-...), is a British playwright.
18738 Weser River is an important German waterway.
18739 Wesker, Arnold (1932-...), became established as a leading British playwright with his trilogy of plays,
Chicken Soup with Barley, Roots, and I'm Talking About Jerusalem.
18740 Wesley, Charles (1707-1788), an English clergyman of the Church of England, was a founder of
Methodism and shared the leadership of the movement with his brother John.
18741 Wesley, John (1703-1791), a clergyman of the Church of England, was a founder of Methodism.
18742 Wesleyan Church is a United States religious denomination that was founded in 1968.
18743 Wessex, the kingdom of the West Saxons, was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in southern England.
18744 West, Mae (1892-1980), was an American actress who became famous for the humorous, bawdy
sexuality of her stage and film performances.
18745 West, Morris (1916-...), an Australian author, gained an international reputation through his more than 20
novels, which have been published in 27 languages.
18746 West, Nathanael (1903?-1940), was an American novelist noted for a brilliant but bitter view of modern
American life.
18747 West, Dame Rebecca (1892-1983), was the pen name of a British novelist and literary critic, who was
also one of the greatest journalists of the 1900's.
18748
West, The. In American history, the frontier (unsettled area) usually lay to the west of settled regions.
18749 West Bank is a territory in the Middle East that lies between Israel and Jordan.
18750 West Bengal is a state in northern India on the western border of Bangladesh.
18751 West Country, The, is the southwestern part of England.
18752 West Devon (pop. 44,400) is an extensive local government area in Devon, England, encompassing
1,165 square kilometres.
18753 West Dorset (pop. 86,300) is a local government district in Dorset, England.
18754 West Highland white terrier is the only all-white breed of Scottish terrier.
18755 West Indies are a collection of tropical islands that form a cultural region at the western edge of the
North Atlantic Ocean.
18756 West Indies, University of the (UWI), is an autonomous (self-governing) regional institution supported by,
and serving, 14 countries in the West Indies.
18757 West Lancashire (pop. 106,600) is a local government area in Lancashire, England.
18758 West Lindsey (pop. 72,200) is a local government area in Lincolnshire, England.
18759 West Lothian is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
18760 West Midlands is an area in the middle of England.
18761 West Oxfordshire (pop. 88,700) is a local government area in Oxfordshire, England.
18762 West Point, New York, a United States military reservation, has served as the site of the U.S. Military
Academy since 1802.
18763 West Somerset (pop. 34,100) is a local government district in Somerset, England.
18764 West Virginia (pop. 1,801,625) is a small, mountainous state in the eastern United States.
18765 West Wiltshire (pop. 105,900), a local government district in Wiltshire, England, contains the towns of
Bradford on Avon, Melksham, Trowbridge, Warminster, and Westbury.
18766
Westbury, Lord (1800-1873), Richard Bethell, First Baron Westbury, served the British government as
solicitor general (1852-1856), attorney general (1856-1861), and lord chancellor (1861-1865).
18767
Westcott, Edward Noyes (1846-1898), wrote the novel David Harum, published shortly after his death.
18768
Westergaard, Harald Malcolm (1888-1950), a distinguished American civil engineer and mathematician,
became noted for his applications of mathematical analysis in the solution of engineering problems.
18769 Western Australia is the largest of the six states of Australia.
18770 Western Cape is a province in the southwest of South Africa.
18771 Western Church was a name given to the Roman Catholic Church after the Great Schism of the 800's to
distinguish it from the Eastern Orthodox Church.
18772 Western Downs is a pastoral area in Queensland, Australia.
18773 Western European Union (WEU) is a defence alliance that includes most of the Western European
members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
18774 Western frontier life marks one of the most exciting chapters in the history of the United States.
18775 Western Isles is a group of islands lying off the western coast of Scotland.
18776
Western Reserve. In 1662, King Charles II of England granted the colony of Connecticut a charter.
18777 Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, is an area on the northwest coast of Africa.
18778 Western Samoa is an independent island country in the Pacific Ocean.
18779 Western Union Telegraph Company owns and operates a commercial telegraph system and many other
communication services in the United States.
18780 Western Wall is a high wall in Jerusalem.
18781 Westinghouse, George (1846-1914), an American inventor and manufacturer, invented the air brake for
railway trains.
18782 Westinghouse Electric Corporation is one of the world's largest suppliers of equipment and services
relating to the control, distribution, generation, and use of electric power.
18783 Westland is a region on the western coast of the South Island of New Zealand.
18784 Westmeath is a landlocked county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
18785 Westminster, City of (pop. 181,500), is a borough in Greater London.
18786 Westminster, Palace of, is the group of buildings containing the Houses of Parliament, St. Stephen's
Hall, and Westminster Hall.
18787
Westminster Abbey is a great national church that stands near the Houses of Parliament in London.
18788 Westminster Cathedral is one of Britain's finest Roman Catholic churches.
18789 Westminster Choir is one of the most famous choral organizations in the United States.
18790 Westminster Hall is a building connected with the Houses of Parliament in London.
18791 Westminster School is one of the oldest independent schools of England.
18792 Westminster System is a form of government developed by Britain in the 1700's and 1800's.
18793 Weston, Edward (1850-1936), an inventor and manufacturer, was noted for pioneering in the
development of electric meters.
18794 Weston, Edward (1886-1958), was an American photographer.
18795 Westphalia is a former Prussian province of western Germany.
18796 Westward movement carried American settlers across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific Ocean.
18797 Weta is a New Zealand insect.
18798 Wetland is an area of land where the water level remains near or above the surface of the ground for
most of the year.
18799 Wewak (pop. 19,890) is the provincial capital for the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.
18800 Wexford is a county in the province of Leinster in the Republic of Ireland.
18801 Weygand, Maxime (1867-1965), a French soldier, served as chief of staff to Marshal Ferdinand Foch
during World War I.
18802
Weyler y Nicolau, Valeriano (1838-1930), a Spanish general, was appointed governor of Cuba in 1896.
18803 Weymouth and Portland (pop. 61,000) is a local government district in Dorset, England.
18804 Whale is a huge sea animal that looks much like a fish.
18805 Whampoa (1816-1880), a Chinese businessman, became wealthy by selling food to ships visiting
Singapore harbour.
18806 Whangarei (pop. 44,183) is a city in the northeast of the North Island of New Zealand.
18807 Wharton, Edith (1862-1937), was an American author.
18808 Wheat is the world's most important food crop.
18809 Wheatley, Dennis (1897-1977), was a British novelist who won fame as a writer of thrillers.
18810 Wheatley, Phillis (1753?-1784), was the first important black American poet.
18811 Wheatstone, Sir Charles (1802-1875), was a British physicist and inventor.
18812 Wheatstone bridge is a type of electric circuit used to determine an unknown resistance (see ELECTRIC
CIRCUIT [Circuit mathematics]).
18813 Wheel and axle is a mechanical device used in lifting loads.
18814 Wheelbarrow is a device for moving loads too heavy to lift by hand.
18815 Wheeler, Sir Charles (1892-1974), a British sculptor, is best known for his portraits, and decorative
sculptures on monuments and buildings.
18816 Wheeler, Sir Mortimer (1890-1976), was a leading British archaeologist.
18817 Whelk is a large sea snail with a sturdy spiral shell.
18818 Whetstone is any abrasive stone, natural or artificial, that is used for grinding and sharpening.
18819 Whig Party was a name applied to political parties in England, Scotland, and America.
18820 Whineray, Wilson (1935-...), one of New Zealand's greatest Rugby Union captains, was a brilliant frontrow
forward.
18821 Whip scorpion is the name of about 75 species of scorpion-like animals.
18822 Whip snake is a small Australian snake.
18823 Whipbird is named after the whiplike crack at the end of the whistling call of the eastern whipbird.
18824 Whiplash is an injury to the neck which results from a sudden, violent backward and forward movement
of the head.
18825 Whippet is a medium-sized hound with great speed.
18826 Whipping post is a post to which people are tied when being whipped as a form of punishment.
18827 Whippoorwill is a North American bird named after its odd, whistling call, which sounds like "whip-poorwill,
whip-poor-will." The whippoorwill lives in the eastern, central, and southern parts of the United
States.
18828 Whirlpool is a mass of water which spins around and around rapidly and with great force.
18829 Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 was brought about by a federal tax in 1791 on United States whiskey
makers.
18830 Whisky is a strong alcoholic beverage made from such grains as barley, maize, rye, and wheat.
18831 Whist is an old English card game from which bridge developed.
18832 Whistle is a device that makes a sound when air or steam is blown through it.
18833 Whistler, James Abbott McNeill (1834-1903), was an American artist.
18834 White, E. B. (1899-1985), was an American author.
18835 White, Edward Higgins, II (1930-1967), in 1965 became the first United States astronaut to leave his
craft while in outer space.
18836 White, Gilbert (1720-1793), an English naturalist, wrote Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne
(1789), a work considered a classic by naturalists and students of English literature.
18837 White, Patrick (1912-1990), an Australian writer, won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1973.
18838 White, Paul Dudley (1886-1973), an American doctor, was regarded as one of the world's great
authorities on heart diseases.
18839 White, Peregrine (1620-1703), was the first English child born in New England, on the Mayflower in
Cape Cod Bay.
18840 White, T. H. (1906-1964), was a British novelist.
18841 White Australia policy was the popular name for Australia's old immigration policy.
18842 White Horses are figures of horses that have been cut into the slopes of chalk hills in various regions of
Britain.
18843 White House is the official residence of the president of the United States.
18844 White Island is a volcanic island off the northern coast of the North Island of New Zealand.
18845 White Mountains are part of the Appalachian Mountain system in North America.
18846 White paper is a British government report or policy statement on an important subject.
18847 White Sands National Monument is in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. It contains great deposits of windblown
gypsum sand, which forms dunes.
18848 White Sea is an arm of the Arctic Ocean.
18849 Whitebait is the name New Zealanders give to small, greenish fish about 10 to 15 centimetres long that
move downstream in autumn to lay their eggs in estuaries.
18850 Whitefield, George (1714-1770), was an English Anglican preacher and evangelist.
18851 Whitefish is the name of a group of fish that live in fresh water.
18852 Whitehall is a street in Westminster, in London.
18853 Whitehead, Alfred North (1861-1947), was an English mathematician and philosopher.
18854 Whitehead, John (?-1814), was sentenced to transportation for life at the York Assizes in England in
1801 for stealing two pairs of breeches (trousers).
18855 Whitelaw, Lord (1918-...), Viscount Whitelaw of Penrith, a British politician, was lord president of the
council and leader of the House of Lords from 1983 until his retirement in 1988.
18856 Whiteley, Brett (1939-1992), an Australian painter, first won the Archibald Prize for portrait painting in
1977.
18857 Whiteley, William (1831-1907), founded the first department store in London, in 1872.
18858 Whiteman, Paul (1890-1967), was a famous American orchestra conductor.
18859 Whiteread, Rachel (1963-...), is a British sculptor.
18860
Whitewash is a white mixture made from whiting, glue, water, common salt, flour, and unslaked lime.
18861 Whitgift, John (1530?-1604), archbishop of Canterbury, was a staunch defender of the Church of
England's faith, constitution, and ritual.
18862 Whiting is a slender-bodied fish, about 70 centimetres long.
18863 Whiting, John (1915-1963), was a British actor turned playwright.
18864 Whitlam, Gough (1916-...), was prime minister of Australia from 1972 to 1975.
18865 Whitley Council is a body that deals with the conditions of service of non-industrial civil servants and with
the efficiency of the civil service in the United Kingdom.
18866
Whitman, Marcus (1802-1847), was an American pioneer, doctor, and missionary among the Indians.
18867 Whitman, Walt (1819-1892), was an American poet who wrote Leaves of Grass.
18868 Whitney, Eli (1765-1825), an American inventor, is best known for his cotton gin.
18869 Whitsunday Islands are a group of tropical islands off the northern Queensland coast of Australia,
between Proserpine and Mackay.
18870 Whittaker, Charles Evans (1901-1973), was a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from
1957 to 1962.
18871
Whittaker, James Warren (1929-...), became the first American to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
18872 Whittier, John Greenleaf (1807-1892), was an American poet.
18873 Whittington, Dick, was an English folk hero.
18874 Whittle, Sir Frank (1907-...), a British aeronautical engineer, became one of the leading pioneers in the
development of the turbojet engine.
18875 Whitworth, Sir Joseph (1803-1887), was a British mechanical engineer and inventor.
18876 Who, The, became one of the most popular British groups in the history of rock music.
18877
Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a serious, highly contagious disease of the respiratory system.
18878 Whooping crane is one of the rarest birds.
18879 Whyalla (pop. 25,740) is a city in South Australia.
18880 Whymper, Edward (1840-1911), was the first man to climb the Matterhorn.
18881 Wicker is a small, flexible branch or twig, usually of willow, that can be woven to make baskets, furniture,
and other objects.
18882 Wickersham, George Woodward (1858-1936), an American lawyer, served as attorney general from
1909 to 1913 in the Cabinet of US President William Howard Taft.
18883 Wickham, John Clements (1798-1864), was a British naval officer, who, from 1831 to 1836, was second
in command of the Beagle on the expedition for which Charles Darwin was the naturalist.
18884 Wicklow is a county of the province of Leinster, on the east coast of the Republic of Ireland.
18885 Wieland, Heinrich Otto, (1877-1957), a German chemist, developed basic theories of the mechanism by
which living cells produce energy by oxidation.
18886 Wieniawski, Henri (1835-1880), one of the most celebrated violinists of the 1800's, has often been called
the Chopin of the violin.
18887 Wiesbaden (pop. 266,623), is a resort city 10 kilometres northeast of Mainz in Germany.
18888 Wiese, Kurt (1887-1974), an American artist and writer, illustrated more than 100 books.
18889 Wiesel, Elie (1928-...), an American author, became a leading spokesman for survivors of Nazi
concentration camps during World War II (1939-1945).
18890 Wiesenthal, Simon (1908-...), is an Austrian Jew who helped bring more than 1,100 Nazi war criminals to
justice.
18891 Wig is a false covering of hair for the head.
18892 Wigan (pop. 301,900) is a local government area in the northwest of England centred on the industrial
town of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, mid-way between Liverpool and Manchester.
18893 Wigeon, also spelled widgeon, is a duck found in Europe and in North America.
18894 Wight, Isle of, is England's largest offshore island.
18895 Wigner, Eugene Paul (1902-1995), was an American theoretical physicist.
18896 Wigtown (pop. 30,043) was a local government area in Dumfries and Galloway Region, Scotland.
18897 Wigwam is the name for a kind of dwelling used by the Algonquian-speaking American Indians of the
eastern woodlands.
18898 Wilberforce, Samuel (1805-1873), was an important figure in the Anglican Church in England.
18899 Wilberforce, William (1759-1833), a British politician and philanthropist, was a leader in the fight to
abolish the slave trade and slavery in the British Empire.
18900 Wilbye, John (1574?-1638), is considered by many people to be the greatest English composer of
madrigals (see MADRIGAL).
18901
Wild, Jonathan (1682?-1725), was an English thief who built up a large criminal organization in London.
18902 Wild carrot, also called Queen Anne's lace, is a carrot that grows wild.
18903 Wild Colonial Boy is a ballad describing the exploits and final capture of a young Australian bushranger
(escaped convict living in the bush), Jack Donahoe.
18904 Wild Geese were Irish soldiers who fled from Ireland to fight for countries on the mainland of Europe in
the late 1600's and 1700's.
18905 Wild rice is a cereal grain that grows on an aquatic grass.
18906 Wildcat is a name generally given to small, wild members of the cat family.
18907
Wilde, Jimmy (1892-1969), a British boxer, was the first official flyweight boxing champion of the world.
18908 Wilde, Oscar (1854-1900), was a British author, playwright, and wit.
18909 Wilde, Sir William Robert Wills (1815-1876), the father of the author Oscar Wilde, won fame as a writer
on antiquities and places of interest in Ireland.
18910 Wilder, Billy (1906-...), is a leading film director, producer, and writer.
18911 Wilder, Laura Ingalls (1867-1957), was an American author of books for children.
18912 Wilder, Thornton Niven (1897-1975), was an American playwright and novelist.
18913 Wilderness Road was an important American pioneer road.
18914 Wildlife conservation is the wise management of natural environments for the protection and benefit of
plants and animals.
18915 Wiley, Harvey Washington (1844-1930), an American chemist, campaigned against dishonest practices
in food processing.
18916 Wilfrid, Thomas (1889-1968), developed and demonstrated a musical instrument called the clavilux
(colour organ).
18917 Wilhelm, or in English, William, was the name of two German emperors.
18918
Wilhelmina (1880-1962), became queen of the Netherlands in 1890 when her father, William III, died.
18919 Wilkes, John (1727-1797), a British politician, fought for the freedom of the press.
18920 Wilkins, Sir Hubert (1888-1958), was an Australian explorer, scientist, aviator, and photographer.
18921 Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick (1916-...), is a British biophysicist.
18922 Wilkins, Roy (1901-1981), was a noted black American leader and was often called "Mr. Civil Rights."
He served as executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) from 1955 to 1977.
18923 Wilkinson, Richard James (1867-1941), a British administrator in Malaya (now Malaysia), became known
for his work as a scholar of the Malay language.
18924 Will, in law, is a document that disposes of a person's property after the person's death.
18925 Will-o'-the-wisp is a ghostly, bluish light sometimes seen over marshes and graveyards.
18926 Willard, Emma Hart (1787-1870), became known as the first American woman publicly to support higher
education for women.
18927 Willcocks, Sir David (1919-...), a British organist and choral conductor, won acclaim for his work with the
Choir of King's College, Cambridge.
18928 Willcocks, Sir William (1852-1932), a British civil engineer, planned and supervised the building of the
first, low Aswan Dam on the River Nile in Egypt.
18929 Willemstad (pop. 50,000) is the capital of the Netherlands Antilles.
18930 Willet is a large shore bird of North and South America.
18931 Willett, William (1856-1915) an Englishman, advocated putting clocks an hour ahead of standard time
during the summer.
18932 William was the name of four kings of England.
18933 William I (1772-1843) was the first king of the present-day kingdom of the Netherlands.
18934 William I, Prince of Orange (1533-1584), was the father of the Dutch Republic.
18935
William of Ockham (1284?-1347?), also spelled Occam, was an English philosopher and theologian.
18936 William of Wykeham (1324-1404), an Englishman, founded New College, Oxford, in 1380 and later
founded Winchester College.
18937
Williams, Daniel Hale (1856-1931), a black American doctor, pioneered in surgery on the human heart.
18938 Williams, Emlyn (1905-1987), was a Welsh actor and playwright.
18939 Williams, Eric (1911-1981), a West Indian scholar and statesman, was the first prime minister of Trinidad
and Tobago.
18940 Williams, Fred (1927-1982), an Australian painter, won the Wynne Prize for landscape painting at the Art
Gallery of New South Wales in 1966 and 1976.
18941 Williams, G. Mennen (1911-1988), an American politician, served six terms as governor of Michigan
from 1949 to 1960.
18942 Williams, Hank (1923-1953), was an American country and western singer and composer.
18943 Williams, John (1941-...), is an Australian guitarist of great technical skill and musicianship.
18944 Williams, John James (1904-1988), won recognition as a U.S. senator for exposing waste and corruption
in the federal government.
18945 Williams, Roger (1603?-1683), was an English clergyman, a founder of the colony of Rhode Island in
New England, U.S.A., and a strong supporter of religious and political liberty.
18946 Williams, Roy Lee (1915-1989), served as president of the Teamsters Union, the largest trade union in
the United States, from 1981 to 1983.
18947
Williams, Shirley (1930-...), a British politician, was one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party.
18948 Williams, Tennessee (1911-1983), was an American playwright whose dramas portray the loneliness
and isolation of life.
18949 Williams, William (1731-1811), was a Connecticut signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
18950 Williams, William Carlos (1883-1963), was an American poet.
18951 Williamsburg, Virginia (pop. 11,530), is a historic city that lies on a peninsula between the James and
York rivers.
18952 Williamson, David (1942-...), became Australia's best-known and most successful playwright.
18953 Williamson, Henry (1895-1977), was a British author of novels and nature stories.
18954 Williamson, J. C. (1845-1913), was the founder of one of Australia's leading theatrical companies, J. C.
Williamson Ltd. His company has been prominent in theatre in Australia since 1904.
18955 Williamson, Malcolm (1931-...), an internationally known Australian composer, became master of the
queen's music in 1975.
18956 Willingdon, Marquess of (1866-1941), a British colonial official, served as viceroy (ruler) of India from
1931 to 1936.
18957 Willis, Norman David (1933-...), a British trade unionist, was general secretary of the Trades Union
Congress (TUC) from 1984 until 1993.
18958 Wilmot, David (1814-1868), an American politician, served in the United States House of
Representatives from 1845 to 1851 as a Democrat.
18959 Willmot, Eric (1936-...), an Aboriginal educator, became director general of education in South Australia
in 1992.
18960 Willow is a large group of graceful trees and shrubs that usually have slender branches and narrow
leaves.
18961 Wills, Helen Newington (1906-1998), an American tennis player, won more major tennis championships
than any other woman in the world.
18962 Wills, William John (1834-1861), was second-in-command on the ill-fated Australian expedition led by
Robert O'Hara Burke in 1860 and 1861.
18963 Willy wagtail is among the most widespread of Australian birds.
18964 Wilmington, Earl of (1673?-1743), was the second prime minister of Britain.
18965 Wilson, Lord (1916-1995), served as prime minister of the United Kingdom (UK) from 1964 to 1970 and
from 1974 until his retirement in 1976.
18966 Wilson, Sir Angus (1913-1991), was a British author of novels and satirical short stories.
18967
Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees (1869-1959), a British physicist, invented the cloud chamber in 1912.
18968 Wilson, Colin (1931-...), a British author, achieved fame with his book The Outsider (1956), a wideranging,
unorthodox study of nonconformism in culture and society.
18969 Wilson, Edmund (1895-1972), an American author, became known for his works in such fields as biblical
studies, history, literature, and political science.
18970 Wilson, Edward (1872-1912), an English explorer, took part in Robert Falcon Scott's two expeditions to
Antarctica (see SCOTT, ROBERT FALCON).
18971 Wilson, John (1923-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, was tanaiste (deputy prime minister) of the
Republic of Ireland from 1991 to 1993.
18972 Wilson, Richard (1714-1782), was one of the masters of British landscape painting, and also a fine
portrait painter.
18973 Wilson, William Bauchop (1862-1934), was the first secretary of labour of the United States.
18974 Wilson, Woodrow (1856-1924), was president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
18975 Wilson cloud chamber is a device that makes the paths of electrically charged subatomic particles
visible.
18976 Wilsons Promontory is the southernmost point of the Australian mainland.
18977 Wilt, in plants, is a condition in which the leaves and stems droop and die.
18978 Wiltshire, an inland county in southwestern England, is best known for its rich farmlands and for its many
prehistoric remains.
18979 Wimmera is a rich agricultural district in western Victoria, Australia.
18980 Winant, John Gilbert (1889-1947), was United States ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1941 to
1946.
18981 Winch is a crank that is used to give rotary motion to a machine.
18982 Winchester (pop. 95,700) is an ancient city in Hampshire, England.
18983 Winchester College at Winchester, England, is one of the oldest and most prominent independent
schools in the country.
18984 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim (1717-1768), was a German scholar who has been called the father of
both archaeology and art history.
18985 Wind is air moving across the earth's surface.
18986 Wind chill is an estimate of the relationship between wind speed and temperature, with respect to the
physical effects of the wind on living things.
18987 Wind tunnel is a ground-based testing facility used to study the effects of wind, or airflow, on aircraft and
other vehicles and structures.
18988 Windarra, in the Laverton district of Western Australia, is the site of large nickel deposits.
18989 Windermere is the largest lake in England.
18990 Windhoek (pop. 104,100) is the capital and largest city of Namibia (South West Africa).
18991 Windlass is a simple machine used to lift weights and pull loads.
18992 Windmill is a machine that is operated by wind power.
18993 Window is an opening in a wall or door to admit light and air into a closed space.
18994 Windsor is one of Australia's oldest towns.
18995 Windsor is the name of the present royal family of the United Kingdom.
18996 Windsor, Ontario (pop. 191,435; met. area pop. 262,075), is the southernmost city of Canada.
18997 Windsor, Duchess of (1896-1986), was the wife of Edward, Duke of Windsor, who as King Edward VIII of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland gave up his throne in 1936 in order to marry her.
18998 Windsor, Treaty of, was an agreement made in 1175 between Henry II, king of England, and Rory
O'Connor, last high king of Ireland.
18999 Windsor and Maidenhead (pop. 132,465) became a unitary authority in Berkshire, England, in 1998, with
all local government powers within its boundaries.
19000
Windsor Castle is the principal residence outside of London of the United Kingdom's Royal Family.
19001 Windsurfing is a common term for two similar water sports--sailsurfing and sailboarding.
19002 Windward Islands are a group of islands that lie in the southeastern West Indies.
19003 Wine is an alcoholic beverage most often made from the juice of grapes.
19004
Wingate, Orde Charles (1903-1944), a major general in the British Army, organized the Chindits, the
"long-range penetration force" that fought behind the Japanese lines in Burma during World War II.
19005 Wingate's Raiders were a group of Allied soldiers who fought behind Japanese lines in Burma during
World War II (1939-1945).
19006 Winged Victory is a beautiful ancient Greek statue that was discovered by a French archaeologist in
1863.
19007 Wingti, Paias (1950?-...), a Roman Catholic Highlander, was prime minister of Papua New Guinea from
1985 to 1988, and was reelected in 1992.
19008 Winkelried, Arnold von, is the legendary national hero of Switzerland.
19009 Winnipeg (pop. 652,354) is the capital of Manitoba, and Canada's fourth-largest city.
19010 Winslow, Edward (1595-1655), was a founder of Plymouth Colony in America.
19011 Winsor, Justin (1831-1897), was an American historian and librarian.
19012
Winstedt, Sir Richard (1878-1966), was a British colonial administrator in Malaya from 1902 to 1935.
19013 Winter is the coldest season of the year.
19014 Winter, Fred (1926-...), was a leading British steeplechase jockey until his retirement in 1964, when he
became a successful trainer.
19015 Wintergreen is a hardy woodland plant that bears white flowers.
19016 Winthrop, John (1588-1649), an American colonial leader, was a Puritan governor of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony.
19017 Winthrop, John, Jr. (1606-1676), was a colonial governor of Connecticut, U.S.A. In 1662, he got a
charter from King Charles II of England that gave Connecticut the right to govern itself and elect its own
rulers.
19018 Wire is a long, thin, flexible metal rod that has a uniform cross section.
19019 Wire fox terrier is a popular breed of small, sturdy dogs.
19020 Wire glass consists of sheets of glass from 6 to 19 millimetres thick that contain a wire mesh embedded
during the manufacturing process.
19021 Wirehaired pointing griffon is a hunting dog that originated in France and the Netherlands in the late
1800's.
19022 Wireworm is the name given to the hard-skinned grubs, or larvae, of click beetles.
19023 Wirral (pop. 322,100) is a local government district in Merseyside, England, situated on the Wirral
peninsula.
19024 Wirtz, William Willard (1912-...), was the United States secretary of labor from 1962 to 1969.
19025
Wisconsin is a Midwestern state of the United States that has long been known for its dairy products.
19026 Wise, John (1652-1725), was a Congregational minister of colonial Massachusetts, U.S.A. He vigorously
opposed actions by both church and government that he believed would deprive colonists of their rights
and privileges.
19027 Wiseman, Nicholas Patrick Stephen Cardinal (1802-1865), was made cardinal and first archbishop of
Westminster in 1850.
19028
Wissler, Clark (1870-1947), an American anthropologist, was noted for his studies of Amerindians.
19029 Wister, Owen (1860-1938), was an American novelist.
19030 Wisteria is the name of a group of thick-growing vines that bear large clusters of flowers.
19031 Witch hazel is a shrub or small tree used to make a soothing lotion.
19032
Witchcraft is the use of supposed magic powers, generally to harm people or to damage their property.
19033 Witchetty grubs are a favourite delicacy of the Australian Aborigines.
19034 Witchweed is the name of about 50 species of plants of the figwort family.
19035 Witenagemot means a meeting of the witan (or wise men) of Anglo-Saxon England.
19036 Witness is a person who gives testimony in a judicial, legislative, or administrative proceeding.
19037 Wittenoom Gorge is located in northwestern Australia.
19038 Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951), was one of the most important philosophers of the 1900's.
19039 Witwatersrand is South Africa's most important industrial, commercial, and financial urban area.
19040 Woad is a tall, erect plant of the mustard family, grown as a source of the blue dye, indigo.
19041
Wodehouse, P. G. (1881-1975), was an English writer famous for his humorous novels and short stories.
19042 Woffington, Peg (1714?-1760), was an Irish actress who became famous for her portrayal of the male
character Sir Harry Wildair in George Farquhar's The Constant Couple at Covent Garden, London, in
1740.
19043 Wohler, Friedrich (1800-1882), a German chemist, in 1828 became the first person to make an organic
substance (in this case urea) from inorganic chemicals.
19044
Woking (pop. 84,000) is a residential town in Surrey, England, 40 kilometres southwest of London.
19045 Wokingham (pop. 136,300) is a market and residential town in Berkshire, England.
19046 Wolds are open tracts of hilly uplands in southern and central England.
19047 Wolf is one of the largest members of the dog family.
19048 Wolfe, James (1727-1759), was the British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec in 1759 won
Canada for the British Empire.
19049 Wolfe, Thomas Clayton (1900-1938), was an American author who won fame for his autobiographical
novels.
19050 Wolfe, Tom (1931-...), is an American journalist, essayist, novelist, and social commentator.
19051 Wolfenden, Lord (1906-1985), a British educationalist, became president of Chelsea College, University
of London, in 1973.
19052 Wolffish live in the North Atlantic and the North Pacific.
19053 Wolfhound is the name of a family of dogs made up of three hunting breeds--the Irish wolfhound, the
borzoi or Russian wolfhound, and the Scottish deerhound.
19054 Wolfit, Sir Donald (1902-1968), a British actor, had special success in playing Shakespeare's tragic
roles, particularly King Lear.
19055 Wolfram von Eschenbach (1170?-1220?), was a German knight and poet.
19056 Wolframite is one of the two most important ores of tungsten.
19057 Wollongong (pop. 337,524), a city in New South Wales, Australia, lies in the Illawarra district along the
southern coast of the state.
19058 Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-1797), a British author, was best known for her book A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman (1792).
19059
Wolseley, Frederick York (1837-1899), an Australian sheep farmer, invented the shearing machine.
19060 Wolseley, Garnet Joseph (1833-1913), Viscount Wolseley, was a British soldier.
19061 Wolsey, Thomas Cardinal (1475?-1530), was an English statesman and a cardinal of the Roman
Catholic Church.
19062 Wolverhampton (pop. 239,800) is an industrial town in West Midlands, England, 21 kilometres northwest
of Birmingham.
19063 Wolverine is a fur-bearing animal that lives in the northern woods and tundras (cold, treeless plains) of
Europe, Asia, and North America.
19064 Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is an American nonprofit organization that works to
lessen social problems.
19065 Wombat is the largest burrowing marsupial.
19066 Wombeyan Caves are limestone caves in the southern highlands of New South Wales, Australia.
19067 Women's movement is a group effort, chiefly by women, that seeks to improve women's lives or the lives
of others.
19068 Wonder, Stevie (1950-...), is an American composer, singer, and musician.
19069 Wood is a tough substance under the bark of trees, shrubs, and certain other plants.
19070 Wood, Grant (1891-1942), was an American artist known for his paintings of the rural Midwest.
19071 Wood, Haydn (1882-1959), a British composer, composed many popular songs for his wife, Dorothy
Court, who was a music-hall singer.
19072 Wood, Sir Henry (1869-1944), a British conductor, founded and conducted the promenade concerts at
London's Queen's Hall and, later, at the Royal Albert Hall.
19073 Wood, Jethro (1774-1834), an American Quaker farmer, produced an improved cast-iron plough with
removable pieces at points of greatest wear.
19074 Wood, Mervyn (1917-...), an Australian rowing champion, won the double sculls event at the Empire
Games in 1950 and 1954.
19075 Wood, Robert Elkington (1879-1969), an American industrialist and soldier, helped make Sears,
Roebuck and Company one of the world's largest general merchandising firms.
19076 Wood, Robert Williams (1868-1955), was an American physicist.
19077 Wood anemone is the name of two species of white-flowered woodland plants of the Northern
Hemisphere.
19078 Wood chopping is a popular competitive sport in Australia and New Zealand.
19079 Wood duck is a colourful water bird that lives in forests of southern Canada and throughout wooded
areas of the United States.
19080 Wood louse is the name of a group of land-living crustaceans (animals with a body shield) with flattened,
oval bodies.
19081 Wood pewee is a small bird of eastern North America related to the flycatcher.
19082 Wood rat, also called pack rat or trade rat, is a native of North and Central America.
19083 Wood swallow is the name of a group of birds from Southeast Asia and Australia.
19084 Woodard, Nathaniel (1811-1891), was a Church of England priest and educational reformer.
19085 Woodcarving is the act of creating figures or designs in wood by cutting or chiselling.
19086 Woodchuck, also called ground hog, is an animal that belongs to the squirrel family.
19087 Woodcock is the name of several species of birds in the snipe family.
19088 Woodcut is a picture or design made from a block of wood.
19089 Wooden shoe, or clog, is a type of footwear worn chiefly by people who live in the moist lowlands of the
Netherlands.
19090 Woodfull, Bill (1897-1965), was one of Australia's finest cricket captains and opening batsmen.
19091 Woodlark is a small bird related to the skylark.
19092
Woodlark Islands are a group of islands in the Solomon Sea, about 354 kilometres east of New Guinea.
19093 Woodpecker is a bird that uses its long, chisellike bill for drilling into trees.
19094
Woods, Granville T. (1856-1910), was a black American inventor who obtained more than 50 patents.
19095 Woods, Michael (1935-...), an Irish Fianna Fail politician, was minister for the marine in the Republic of
Ireland for a time in 1992, and minister for social welfare from 1993 to 1994.
19096 Woods, Tiger (1975-...), is a champion American golfer.
19097 Woodspring (pop. 174,300) was a local government area in Avon, England.
19098 Woodstock festival was the most famous American outdoor rock music concert of the 1960's.
19099 Woodward, Robert Burns (1917-1979), an American chemist, won the 1965 Nobel Prize in chemistry for
his work in synthetic organic chemistry.
19100 Woodworth, Robert Sessions (1869-1962), was an American psychologist known for his work in
experimental psychology.
19101 Woodworking is the forming and shaping of wood to make useful and decorative objects.
19102
Wookey Hole, in Somerset, England, is a series of limestone caverns in the Mendip Hills near Cheddar.
19103 Wool is a fibre that comes from the fleece of sheep and some other animals.
19104 Woolf, Virginia (1882-1941), was a major English novelist, critic, and essayist.
19105 Woollcott, Alexander (1887-1943), an American journalist and storyteller, became well known for his
unusual personality and his sharp tongue.
19106 Woolley, Sir Leonard (1880-1960), was a British archaeologist.
19107 Woolley, Sir Richard Van Der Riet (1906-1986), was the United Kingdom's astronomer royal from 1956
to 1971.
19108 Woolloomooloo is a wharfside suburb on the southern shore of Sydney harbour in Australia.
19109 Woolly monkey is a type of large monkey that lives in the Amazon River basin of South America.
19110
Woolsack is the seat of the lord chancellor in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom Parliament.
19111 Woolton, Lord (1883-1964), was the food minister for the United Kingdom during World War II.
19112 Woolworth is the family name of two American businessmen who were brothers.
19113 Woomera (pop. 1,600), a town in northern South Australia, is the site of an Australian base for rocket,
missile, and space research.
19114 Worcester (pop. 81,000) is a historic English cathedral city.
19115 Worcestershire (pop. 534,285) is a United Kingdom local government area in western England.
19116
Word processing is the use of computers to type, edit, and print letters, reports, and other documents.
19117 Wordsworth, William (1770-1850), is considered by many scholars to be the most important English
romantic poet.
19118 Work, in physics, is a result of a force moving an object through a distance against a resistance.
19119 Workstation is a set of computer equipment designed for use by one person at a time.
19120 World is the planet earth viewed especially as the home of human beings and other living things.
19121 World, History of the. Human beings have probably lived on the earth about 2 million years.
19122 World Bank is an international organization that provides loans to governments and private firms for
development projects, such as irrigation, education, and housing.
19123 World Council of Churches is a worldwide organization of about 300 Protestant, Anglican, Old Catholic,
and Orthodox churches.
19124 World government. Some people believe that a single authority should dispense justice and maintain
law and order for the whole world.
19125 World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
19126 World Heritage List is an international registry of sites that have great natural or cultural value.
19127 World Intellectual Property Organization is an international agency that works to protect legal rights in
artistic and literary works, inventions, trademarks, and other original creations.
19128 World Jewish Congress is an international association of Jewish organizations from more than 70
countries.
19129 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).
19130 World War I (1914-1918) involved more countries and caused greater destruction than any other war
except World War II (1939-1945).
19131 World War II (1939-1945) killed more people, destroyed more property, disrupted more lives, and
probably had more far-reaching consequences than any other war in history.
19132 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is the largest independent conservation group in the world.
19133 World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that provides graphics, audio, and video.
19134 World's fair is an international exposition that features exhibits dealing with commerce, industry, and
science.
19135 Worm is any of several kinds of animals that have a soft, slender body and no backbone or legs.
19136 Worms (pop. 71,827), is a historic town and river port in Germany.
19137 Worms, Edict of, was a decree that declared Reformation leader Martin Luther a heretic and cast him
and his followers outside the protection of the law.
19138 Wormwood is a large group of plants that give off pleasant odours.
19139 Worrall, Eric (1924-1987), an Australian naturalist, established the Australian Reptile Park at Gosford, in
New South Wales, Australia, in 1960.
19140 Worsted is a smooth, shiny, strong wool yarn.
19141 Worthing (pop. 94,100) is a seaside resort and residential town in West Sussex, England.
19142 Wouk, Herman (1915-...), is a popular American novelist and playwright.
19143 Woundwort is the name of several species of plants of the mint family.
19144 Wovoka (1856?-1932), a Paiute Indian, founded the Ghost Dance religion of the western American
Indians.
19145 Woy Woy is a popular fishing resort on the eastern coast of New South Wales, Australia, 90 kilometres
north of Sydney.
19146 Wran, Neville (1927-...), a member of the Australian Labor Party, was premier of New South Wales from
1976 to 1987.
19147 Wrangel, Ferdinand von (1794-1870), Baron von Wrangel, was a Russian naval officer and colonial
administrator.
19148 Wrasse is the name of a family of over 500 species of ocean fish.
19149 Telford and the Wrekin (pop. 137,100), was a local government district in Shropshire, England,
administered from the new town of Telford.
19150 Wren is the name of a group of small, energetic birds found in most parts of the world.
19151 Wren, Sir Christopher (1632-1723), was an English architect, scientist, and mathematician.
19152 Wren, Percival Christopher (1885-1941), was a British novelist.
19153
Wrestling is a sport in which two opponents try to pin (hold) each other's shoulders to a mat on the floor.
19154 Wrexham (pop. 113,600) is a local government area in northeastern Wales.
19155 Wright, Sir Almroth (1861-1947), was a British doctor and scientist.
19156 Wright, Billy (1924-1994), a British football-player, captained Wolverhampton Wanderers and England
soccer teams.
19157 Wright, Frances (1795-1852), was a lecturer and journalist who worked to promote human rights in the
United States.
19158
Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867-1959), was one of America's most influential and imaginative architects.
19159
Wright, Judith (1915-...) an Australian poet, became the leader of post-World War II poetry in Australia.
19160
Wright, Richard (1908-1960), is often considered the most important black American writer of his time.
19161 Wright, Russel (1904-1976), an American industrial designer, created some of the most successful
dinnerware designs of the 1930's and 1940's.
19162 Wright brothers--Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948)--were Americans who invented and built
the first successful aeroplane.
19163 Wrightson, Patricia (1921-...), one of the most prominent Australian writers of fiction for children, won the
Children's Book of the Year Award three times.
19164 Wrist is the joint that connects the hand and the forearm.
19165 Writ is generally used in its legal meaning to describe the written orders of a court of law.
19166 Writing, as a career, attracts more people than any other field in the arts.
19167 Writing is a system of human communication by means of visual symbols or signs.
19168 Wroclaw (pop. 643,600) is a city that lies in southwestern Poland on the Oder River.
19169 Wryneck, also called snakebird, is the name of two species of small birds.
19170 Wu Daozi (A.D. 700's), was a famous Chinese painter.
19171 Wuhan (pop. 3,832,536) is the collective name for the adjacent cities of Hankou, Hanyang, and
Wuchang in Hubei Province of China.
19172 Wundt, Wilhelm (1832-1920), a German philosopher, became known as the father of modern
psychology.
19173 Wyangala Dam provides a storage reservoir on the Lachlan River near Cowra in central western New
South Wales, Australia.
19174
Wyatt, James (1746-1813), an English architect, was a leading rival and successor of Robert Adam.
19175 Wyatt, Sir Thomas (1503?-1542), was an English poet.
19176 Wychavon (pop. 99,800) is a local government district in Hereford and Worcester, England.
19177 Wycherley, William (1640?-1716), an English playwright, ranks with Sir George Etherege and William
Congreve as a leading author of witty satires called comedies of manners during the Restoration period
of English literature.
19178 Wycliffe, John (1328?-1384), was a leading English philosopher in religion and politics during the late
Middle Ages.
19179 Wycombe (pop. 154,500) is a local government district in Buckinghamshire, England.
19180 Wye is a river in England and Wales.
19181 Wyeth, Andrew (1917-...), probably ranks as the most popular American painter of his time.
19182 Wyler, William (1902-1981), was a film director whose films have a high artistic quality and wide popular
appeal.
19183 Wylie, an Aborigine from Albany, in Western Australia, accompanied Edward John Eyre on his heroic
journey of exploration from Fowlers Bay, in South Australia, to Albany, in 1841.
19184
Wyndham, John (1903-1969), was the pen name of John Beynon Harris, a British science-fiction writer.
19185 Wyoming (pop. 455,975) is a state in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States.
19186 Wyoming Valley Massacre, one of many tragedies of the American Revolution (1775-1783), occurred in
what is now Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
19187 Wyre (pop. 99,700) is a local government district in western Lancashire, England.
19188 Wyre Forest (pop. 93,400) is a local government district in Hereford and Worcester, England.
19189 Wyss family wrote The Swiss Family Robinson, a popular children's adventure story about a
shipwrecked family.
19190 Wyszynski, Stefan Cardinal (1901-1981), was the head of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland from
1948 until his death.
19191 X is the 24th letter of the English alphabet.
19192 X-ray fish is a small carnivorous fish that lives in the lower reaches of the River Amazon, including
brackish (slightly salty) waters.
19193 X rays are one of the most useful forms of energy.
19194 Xavier, Saint Francis (1506-1552), was a Spanish Jesuit missionary.
19195 Xenon is a chemical element, with the symbol Xe, that makes up about 1 part in 20 million of the earth's
atmosphere.
19196 Xenophon (430?-355? B.C.) was a Greek soldier, historian, and writer.
19197 Xerox Corporation, a leading United States company, ranks as one of the world's largest industrial
organizations.
19198 Xerxes I (519?-465 B.C.), ruled the Persian Empire from 486 B.C. until his death.
19199 Xhosa are a black people whose ancestors settled in southern Africa.
19200 Xi Jiang, also spelled Hsi Chiang, is the most important river of southern China.
19201 Xiamen (pop. 639,436) is a seaport on the coast of Fujian Province in southeast China.
19202 Xi'an (pop. 2,872,539), also spelled Xian or Sian, is the capital and largest city of the Shaanxi Province
in China.
19203 Xinjiang, also spelled Sinkiang, is a region in western China.
19204 Xunzi (340?-245? B.C.), also spelled Hsun Tzu, was an influential Chinese philosopher best known for
his belief that human nature is basically evil.
19205 Xylophone is a percussion instrument that consists chiefly of a number of bars arranged on a frame like
the keys of a piano.
19206 XYZ Affair was the name given to a controversial exchange of diplomatic proposals between France and
the United States in 1797.
19207 Y is the 25th letter of the English alphabet.
19208 Yabby is an Australian freshwater crayfish.
19209 Yablonovyy Mountains lie in southeastern Siberia, in Russia.
19210 Yacht is a sailing vessel, usually a small one, that is used only for pleasure.
19211 Yahya Khan, Agha Muhammad (1917-1980), was president of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971.
19212 Yak is the wild ox of Asia.
19213 Yakubovsky, Ivan Ignatievich (1912-1976), was deputy defence minister of the Soviet Union from 1967
to 1976.
19214 Yale, Elihu (1649-1721), an English merchant, was an official of the East India Company and a
benefactor of Yale University.
19215 Yale, Linus, Jr. (1821-1868), an American inventor and manufacturer, is best known for his inventions of
locks.
19216 Yale University is a coeducational, privately endowed, nonsectarian school in New Haven, Connecticut,
New England, U.S.A. Chartered in 1701, Yale is the third oldest institution of higher learning in the
United States.
19217 Yalta (pop. 85,000) is a city in Ukraine.
19218 Yalta Conference was one of the most important meetings of key Allied leaders during World War II
(1939-1945).
19219
Yalu River rises from the highest peak of the Changbai Shan, or Long White Mountains, of Manchuria.
19220 Yam is a major food crop in many tropical countries.
19221 Yamamoto, Isoroku (1884-1943), commanded the Japanese combined fleet at the time of the attack on
Pearl Harbor in 1941.
19222
Yamashita, Tomoyuki (1885-1946), a Japanese general in World War II, was executed for "violation of
the laws of war." A brilliant field commander, Yamashita advanced rapidly in Korea and Manchuria.
19223 Kofun era was the time in Japanese history from about A.D. 300 to 710.
19224 Yampi Sound lies at the northern end of King Sound, on the northern coast of Western Australia.
19225 Yang, Chen Ning (1922-...), a Chinese-born physicist, shared the 1957 Nobel Prize for physics with
Tsung Dao Lee (see LEE, TSUNG DAO).
19226 Yangtze River, also called Yangtze Kiang, is the world's third- longest river, and the longest and most
important river in China.
19227 Yankee. People of other countries often call any person from the United States a Yankee.
19228 Yankee Doodle is a song that has been popular in America since colonial days.
19229 Yaounde (pop. 653,670), is the capital of Cameroon, a country in western central Africa.
19230 Yap Ah Loy (1837-1885), a Chinese immigrant to Malaya, helped to transform the obscure mining village
of Kuala Lumpur into a town that eventually became the capital of Malaysia.
19231 Yap Islands form an island group in the western Pacific Ocean.
19232 Yard is a unit of length in the imperial system of measurement used in English-speaking countries before
the introduction of the metric system.
19233 Yarra is a river in southeastern Victoria, Australia.
19234 Yarra, an Australian sloop commanded by Lieutenant Commander R. W. Rankin, was escorting a
convoy to Australia during World War II (1939-1945), when it encountered three Japanese cruisers and
two destroyers south of Java on March 4, 1942.
19235 Yarralumla is the official residence of the governor general of Australia.
19236 Yarrawonga (pop. 5,522), is a town on the Murray River in central northern Victoria, Australia.
19237 Yawata is an important centre of Japan's heavy industry.
19238 Yawning is the act of opening the mouth wide, or gaping, to take in air.
19239 Yaws, also called framboesia, is a disease that attacks chiefly children of humid tropical regions.
19240
Yeager, Charles Elwood (1923-...), an American, was the first man to fly faster than the speed of sound.
19241 Year is the time the earth takes to make one complete revolution around the sun.
19242 Yeast is a living substance that bakers put into dough to make it rise.
19243 Yeats, Jack Butler (1871-1957), an Irish painter, became well known for his romantic portrayal of scenes
from Irish life.
19244 Yeats, John Butler (1839-1922), an Irish painter, writer, and conversationalist, was the father of Jack
Butler Yeats and William Butler Yeats.
19245
Yeats, William Butler (1865-1939), an Irish poet and dramatist, won the 1923 Nobel Prize for literature.
19246
Yekaterinburg (pop. 1,286,000) is a trading and manufacturing centre in the Ural Mountains of Russia.
19247 Yellow fever is a virus disease carried by certain mosquitoes.
19248 Yellow Sea is an arm of the Pacific Ocean extending inland for about 640 kilometres between the east
coast of China and Korea.
19249 Yellowhammer is the name of a bunting that lives in Europe.
19250 Yellowlegs is the name of two kinds of shore birds.
19251 Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, U.S.A., is the oldest national park in the world.
19252 Yellowstone River rises near the U.S. Continental Divide in northwestern Wyoming and flows north into
Yellowstone National Park.
19253 Yellowthroat is a wood warbler that lives in North America.
19254 Yellowwood is the name of 94 species of evergreen timber trees found mainly in the mountain forests of
the Southern Hemisphere.
19255 Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich (1931-...), is president of Russia, the vast country in eastern Europe and
northern Asia that once led the Soviet Union.
19256 Yemen is a country in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula.
19257 Yen is the monetary unit of Japan.
19258
Yenisey River drains an area of more than 2.6 million square kilometres in Siberia, a part of Russia.
19259 Yeoman was a retainer (dependant) of a feudal lord during the late Middle Ages in England.
19260 Yeomen of the Guard constitute the official bodyguard of the sovereign of the United Kingdom.
19261 Yerevan (pop. 1,114,000) is the capital and largest city of Armenia.
19262 Yerkes, Robert Mearns (1876-1956), was an American psychologist known for his research on the
behaviour of apes.
19263 Yerkes Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the University of Chicago.
19264 Yevtushenko, Yevgeny (1933-...), is a Russian poet.
19265 Yew is the name of a group of evergreen trees and shrubs.
19266 Yiddish language is a language of European Jews and their descendants.
19267 Yiddish literature is the literature of Jews who write and speak the Yiddish language.
19268 Ynys Mon--Isle of Anglesey. See ANGLESEY.
19269 Yo-yo is a small toy that has been popular in Europe and the United States since the 1930's.
19270 Yoga is a term that has two meanings.
19271 Yoghurt, also spelled yogurt, is a smooth, semisolid dairy product made from milk.
19272 Yogyakarta (pop. 427,573) is a city in central Java, in Indonesia.
19273 Yokohama (pop. 2,992,644) is a Japanese port and a major centre of commerce and industry.
19274 Yom Kippur is the Jewish day of atonement and the most important and sacred Jewish holy day.
19275 York (pop. 100,600) is an ancient English cathedral city, and a university town, lying at the junction of the
Ouse and Foss rivers in North Yorkshire.
19276 York is a branch of the English royal family of Plantagenet.
19277 York, Alvin Cullum (1887-1964), an outstanding American soldier of World War I (1914-1918), killed
more than 20 Germans and forced 132 others to surrender on Oct. 8, 1918.
19278 Yorke Peninsula is a promontory in South Australia.
19279 Yorkshire is a large geographical area in northeastern England.
19280 Yorkshire terrier is a breed of toy dog that weighs 1.8 to 3.2 kilograms.
19281 Yoruba are a group of people who inhabit southwestern Nigeria and parts of Benin and Togo in West
Africa.
19282 Yosemite National Park is a great wilderness in east-central California, United States.
19283 Young (pop. 10,685), is a town in New South Wales, Australia.
19284 Young, Andrew Jackson, Jr. (1932-...), was the first black to serve as United States ambassador to the
United Nations (UN).
19285 Young, Arthur (1741-1820), was a British writer on agriculture whose works helped to encourage farming
experiments and improved methods of farming.
19286 Young, Baroness (1926-...), a British Conservative Party politician, became the first woman leader of the
House of Lords in 1981.
19287 Young, Brigham (1801-1877), an American religious leader, was the second president of the Mormon
church, which is officially called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
19288 Young, Charles Augustus (1834-1908), an American astronomer, pioneered studies in the physics of the
sun.
19289 Young, Cy (1867-1955), an American baseball player, was one of the greatest right-handed pitchers in
the history of the game.
19290 Young, Edward (1683-1765), was an English poet.
19291 Young, Ella Flagg (1845-1918), was the first American woman to serve as superintendent of schools in a
large city.
19292 Young, Francis Brett (1884-1954), was a popular English novelist and poet.
19293 Young, Geoffrey Winthrop (1876-1958), an Englishman, was one of the pioneers of the sport of
mountaineering.
19294 Young, James (1811-1883), an English chemist, was a pioneer in the petroleum industry.
19295 Young, John Watts (1930-...), is a United States astronaut.
19296 Young, Lester Willis (1909-1959), an American tenor saxophonist, developed one of the most imitated
styles in jazz history.
19297 Young, Owen D. (1874-1962), was an American businessman.
19298 Young, Stark (1881-1963), an American author, became best known for So Red the Rose (1934), a
historical novel.
19299 Young, Thomas (1773-1829), was an English physicist, doctor, and scholar.
19300 Young Ireland was a political movement in Ireland in the 1800's that aimed at rekindling a spirit of
nationalism in the Irish people by making them more aware of their traditions.
19301 Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is one of the largest nonprofit voluntary organizations in the
world.
19302 Young Nick's Head is a headland of white cliffs at the southern end of Poverty Bay in the North Island of
New Zealand.
19303 Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is the oldest and largest multiracial women's
organization in the world.
19304 Younger of Prestwick, Lord (1931-...), a British Conservative politician, was secretary of state for
defence from 1986 to 1989.
19305 Younghusband, Sir Francis (1863-1942), a British army officer, made many journeys of exploration in
central Asia.
19306 Youth club is a club for young people between the ages of 12 and 20.
19307 Youth hostel is a place that offers basic, inexpensive overnight accommodation for travellers.
19308 Youth service is part of the education service in Britain and Ireland.
19309 Ypres (pop. 34,758) is a Belgian city in West Flanders, in the Dutch-speaking part of the country.
19310 Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb.
19311 Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y. It is a silvery-white metallic element.
19312 Yucatan Peninsula includes the southeastern Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and
Yucatan; Belize; and part of El Peten, a department of Guatemala.
19313 Yucca is the name of a group of about 40 species of shrubs or trees of the agave family.
19314 Yugoslavia is what remains of a much larger country, also called Yugoslavia, that broke up into several
independent nations in 1991 and 1992.
19315 Yukawa, Hideki (1907-1981), a Japanese physicist, became famous for his contributions to theoretical
nuclear physics.
19316 Yukon River, one of the longest rivers in North America, flows through the Yukon Territory of Canada
and through Alaska in the United States.
19317 Yukon Territory (pop. 30,766) is a region in northwest Canada.
19318 Yule is another word for Christmas.
19319 Yusof bin Ishak (1910-1970), a Malay leader, became the first local head of state for Singapore.
19320 Z is the 26th and last letter in the English alphabet.
19321 Za'ba (1895-1973) was the pen name of Zainal Abidin bin Ahmad, a Malay scholar who taught and wrote
on Malay culture, language, and history.
19322 Zagreb (pop. 953,607) is the capital and largest city of Croatia.
19323 Zaharias, Babe Didrikson (1911?-1956), an American, is considered one of the greatest woman athletes
in sports history.
19324 Congo (Kinshasa) is a large country in the heart of Africa.
19325 Zambezi River is the fourth longest river in Africa.
19326 Zambia is a country in south-central Africa.
19327 Zamboanga (pop. 442,345) is a beautiful city in the Philippines.
19328 Zander, also known as pike-perch, is a long-bodied relative of the perch that lives in lakes and rivers of
central and northern Europe.
19329 Zangwill, Israel (1864-1926), was a novelist and dramatist.
19330 Zanzibar (pop. 133,000) is a historic seaport city on the west coast of Zanzibar Island, which is part of
Tanzania.
19331 Zapata, Emiliano (1880?-1919), was a leader of the Mexican Revolution.
19332 Zebra is a striped member of the horse family.
19333 Zebulun was the name of one of the 12 tribes of Israel.
19334 Zechariah, Book of, is a book of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible.
19335 Zedillo Ponce de Leon, Ernesto (1951-...), became president of Mexico in 1994.
19336 Zeehan (pop. 3,529), is a mining town in the western part of the Australian state of Tasmania, about 290
kilometres northwest of Hobart.
19337
Zeeman, Pieter (1865-1943), a Dutch physicist, became known for his discoveries in spectroscopy.
19338
Zeeman effect is the splitting of a spectral line when a source of light is placed in a magnetic field.
19339 Zeffirelli, Franco (1923-...), is an Italian film, theatre, and opera director.
19340 Zeiss, Carl (1816-1888), was a German maker of optical instruments.
19341 Zen is an East Asian form of Buddhism.
19342 Zenger, John Peter (1697-1746), gained the first major victory for freedom of the press in the American
Colonies.
19343 Zenith, in astronomy, is the point in the sky located directly above a person standing on the surface of
the earth.
19344 Zeno of Citium (335?-265? B.C.) was the founder of Stoic philosophy in Athens.
19345 Zeno of Elea (490?-430 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher who lived in the Greek colony of Elea in
southern Italy.
19346 Zephaniah, Book of, is a book of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament.
19347 Zeppelin, Ferdinand von (1838-1917), was a famous German pioneer in lighter-than-air vehicles.
19348 Zero, in arithmetic, is the name of the digit 0, sometimes called nought or, in the past, a cypher.
19349 Zeus, in Greek mythology, was the king of the gods and the supreme ruler of people.
19350 Zhao Ziyang (1919-...), also spelled Chao Tzu-yang, served as general secretary of the Chinese
Communist Party from November 1987 until June 1989.
19351
Zhivkov, Todor (1911-...) was premier of Bulgaria from 1962 to 1971 and president from 1971 to 1989.
19352 Zhou dynasty, also spelled Chou, was a Chinese dynasty (family of rulers) that governed from about
1122 B.C. to 256 B.C. It was China's longest-ruling dynasty.
19353 Zhou Enlai (1898-1976), also spelled Chou En-lai, became premier and foreign minister of China when
the Communists won control of the country in 1949.
19354 Zhu De (1886-1976) was one of the important leaders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
19355 Zhu Kezhen (1890-1974), a Chinese scientist, was a well-known specialist in climatology, the science
that deals with climate.
19356 Zhuangzi, also spelled Chuang Tzu, was a Chinese philosopher of the 300's B.C. He ranks with Laozi
(Lao Tzu) as the most important figure in the development of the philosophy called Taoism.
19357 Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich (1896-1974), a Russian army officer, became a military hero in the
Soviet Union during World War II (1939-1945).
19358 Zia ul Haq, Mohammad (1924-1988), was a Pakistani general and political leader.
19359 Ziegfeld, Florenz (1869-1932), was an American theatre producer.
19360 Zim, Herbert Spencer (1909-1994), was an American author and educator.
19361 Zimbabwe, formerly called Rhodesia, is a landlocked country in southern Africa.
19362 Zimbalist, Efrem (1889-1985), was a well-known Russian violinist.
19363 Zinc, a chemical element with the symbol Zn, is a shiny, bluish-white metal.
19364 Zinjanthropus was a humanlike creature that most anthropologists believe lived about 1,750,000 years
ago.
19365 Zinnemann, Fred (1907-...), is an Austrian-born American film director whose films are noted for their
skilful character portrayal.
19366 Zinnia is a genus of garden plants of the daisy family.
19367 Zion is a word with many different meanings.
19368 Zionism is a movement for the establishment and maintenance of a national Jewish state in Palestine,
the ancient Jewish homeland.
19369 Zip is a term often used to mean any kind of slide fastener.
19370 Zircon is a mineral composed chiefly of the elements silicon, oxygen, and zirconium.
19371 Zirconium, a chemical element with the symbol Zr, is a greyish-white metal.
19372 Zither is a stringed musical instrument that consists chiefly of a flat, wooden box with 32 or more strings
or wires stretched along its length.
19373 Zodiac is a band of stars that appears to encircle the earth.
19374
Zodiacal light is a cone-shaped glow of faint light that is seen soon after twilight and just before dawn.
19375 Zoffany, Johann (1733-1810), an artist, painted many fine portraits of English royalty and theatrical
pictures, particularly of actor David Garrick.
19376 Zola, Emile (1840-1902), a French author, made naturalism the leading form of literature in France in the
late 1800's.
19377 Zone melting is a method of removing impurities from solid materials that are used in industry and in
research.
19378 Zonta International is a worldwide service organization of executive women in business and the
professions.
19379 Zoo is a place where people keep and display animals.
19380 Zoology is the study of animals.
19381 Zorach, William (1887-1966), was a Lithuanian-born artist and a prominent sculptor in the United States
during the 1930's.
19382 Zorn, Anders Leonhard (1860-1920), was a Swedish painter and etcher.
19383 Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion.
19384 Zouaves were soldiers of certain infantry regiments in the French Army.
19385 Zsigmondy, Richard (1865-1929), an Austrian chemist, studied the manufacture of coloured glass which
contained finely divided gold particles.
19386
Zubir Said (1907-1987), a gifted self-taught musician, composed Singapore's national anthem in 1957.
19387 Zuckerman, Lord (1904-1993), was chief scientific adviser to the United Kingdom government from 1964
to 1971.
19388 Zukerman, Pinchas (1948-...), is an Israeli-born violinist, violist, and conductor.
19389 Zulu are one of the main peoples of Africa.
19390 Zunz, Leopold (1794-1886), has been called the founder of modern Jewish scholarship.
19391 Zurayk, Constantine Kaisar (1909-...), became an eminent Arab scholar and diplomat.
19392 Zurbaran, Francisco (1598-1664), was a Spanish painter of the 1600's.
19393 Zurich (pop. 351,545; met. area pop. 834,299), also spelled Zurich, is the largest city in Switzerland and
the capital of the canton (state) of Zurich.
19394 Zweig, Stefan (1881-1942), was a well-known Austrian writer of psychological novels, stories,
biographies, and poems.
19395 Zwingli, Huldreich (1484-1531), was a leader of the Protestant Reformation.
19396 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma (1889-1982), was a Russian-born American physicist and electronics
engineer.
19397 Boothroyd, Betty (1929-...), was elected as the first woman speaker of the United Kingdom House of
Commons in 1992.
19398 Hague, William (1961-...), a United Kingdom politician, became the youngest leader of the Conservative
Party since William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806).
19399 Bridgend is a United Kingdom local government area in South Wales.
19400 Aberdeenshire (pop. 223,630) is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
19401 Clackmannanshire (pop. 48,660) is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
19402 South Ayrshire is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
19403 South Lanarkshire is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
19404 West Dunbartonshire is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
19405 Renfrewshire is a United Kingdom local government area in Scotland.
19406 Hutu is the name of a group of black African people.
19407 Velociraptor was a quick, fierce meat-eating dinosaur.
19408 Baker, David (1861-1942), was an American mining engineer and steelworks planner.
19409 Mint is a historic Australian building located on Macquarie Street in Sydney.
19410 Moore, Thomas (1762-1840), was an English-born magistrate, and philanthropist, and one of the largest
landholders in New South Wales, Australia.
19411 Blackwater (pop. 7,029), is a coal-mining centre in central Queensland, Australia.
19412 Mount Bischoff in northwestern Tasmania, Australia, was once the richest tin mine in the world.
19413 Hobart was the name given to an Australian light cruiser.
19414 Howe, George (1769-1821), was the first official printer in Australia.
19415 Hunter River, rises in the Mount Royal Range of New South Wales, Australia, and flows into the Pacific
Ocean at Newcastle.
19416 Herefordshire (pop. 167,229) is a United Kingdom local government area in western England.
19417 Hill, Damon (1960-...) is a British Formula One car racing driver.
19418 Anti-Federalists were a political group in the United States in the late 1780's that feared a strong national
government.
19419 Beerbohm, Sir Max (1872-1956), was an English comic writer and artist known for his brilliant wit.
19420 Anticonvulsant is a type of drug used to treat or prevent seizures.
19421 Antidepressant is the name of a group of drugs commonly used to treat major depression, a severe
mental illness.
19422 Subatomic particle is a unit of matter smaller than an atom.
19423
Computer chip is a tiny piece of material, usually silicon, that contains a complex electronic circuit.
19424 Kasparov, Garry (1963-...) a Russian chess player, became the youngest world champion in chess
history in 1985.
19425
Garcia, Carlos Polestico (1896-1971), was the fourth president of the Philippines, from 1957 to 1961.
19426 Beach Boys became one of the most popular groups in American rock music.
19427 Particle detector is a device that physicists use to observe subatomic particles, units of matter smaller
than an atom.
19428 Borden, Sir Robert Laird (1854-1937), served as prime minister of Canada throughout World War I (1914-
1918).
19429 Attention deficit disorder is a behaviour problem in which people have unusual difficulty paying attention,
sitting still, or controlling their impulses.
19430 Byatt, A. S. (1936-...), is a British novelist, critic, and scholar.
19431 Byrd, William, II (1674-1744), was a wealthy American plantation owner and one of colonial Virginia's
most prominent government officials.
19432 Hantavirus is the name of a group of viruses.
19433 Atropine is a drug derived from several plants in the nightshade family, especially from a bushy plant
called belladonna or deadly nightshade.
19434 Spreadsheet is a computer program used to organize numerical and other data in rows and columns,
and then to perform calculations involving the rows and columns of numbers.
19435 Netanyahu, Benjamin (1949-...), the leader of Israel's Likud Party, became prime minister of Israel in
1996.
19436 Pap Test, also known as cervical smear test is a procedure for detecting cancer cells and abnormalities
that could become cancerous in the female genital tract.
19437 Chernomyrdin, Viktor Stepanovich, (1938-...), was prime minister of Russia from 1992 to 1998.
19438 Stevin, Simon (1548-1620), was a Flemish mathematician.
19439 Albright, Madeleine Korbel (1937-...), became the first woman secretary of state of the United States in
1997.
19440 Roughy is the name of a group of fish that live in temperate oceans throughout the world.
19441 Lewis, Carl (1961-...), an American athlete, ranks among the greatest sprinters and long jumpers in the
history of athletics.
19442 Abbado, Claudio (1933-...), is an Italian symphony orchestra and opera conductor.
19443 Abbe, Cleveland (1838-1916), a U.S. meteorologist, was a pioneer of weather forecasting as a public
service.
19444 Abbe, Ernst (1840-1905), was a German physicist and lens maker.
19445 Abbott, George (1887-1995), was a director, playwright, and producer who had one of the longest
careers in the history of American theatre.
19446 Abel, John Jacob (1857-1938), was an American biochemist who made several important discoveries
about the chemicals produced by the human body.
19447 Abeles, Sir Peter (1924-...), an Australian industrialist, played a prominent role in Australiais national
transport business.
19448 Abrahams, Peter (1919-...), a black South African novelist, short-story writer, and journalist, was one of
the first fiction writers to stress the brutalizing effect that apartheid had on the majority population of
South Africa.
19449 Adams, Arthur H. (1872-1936), was a New Zealand journalist, poet, novelist, and playwright.
19450 Adams, Gerry (1948-...), is an Irish nationalist politician.
19451 Adams, Louisa Johnson (1775-1852), was the wife of John Quincy Adams, who served as 6th president
of the United States from 1825 to 1829.
19452 Adams, Perseus (1933-...), a South African poet, produced verse that was largely inspired by nature and
the beauty of South Africais landscape.
19453 Adamson, Robert (1943-...), an Australian poet, editor, and publisher, emerged in the late 1960is as one
of the finest talents of the New Australian School of poetry.
19454 Adcock, Fleur (1934-...), a New Zealand poet, published her first collection of poems in Wellington in
1964.
19455 Ahmed, Fakhruddin Ali (1905-1977), an Indian politician, was the fifth president of the republic of India,
serving from 1974 until 1977.
19456 Alda, Alan (1936-...), is an American actor, film director, and screenwriter.
19457 Alexander, Samuel (1859-1938), was an Australian-born philosopher who taught at the English
universities of Oxford and Manchester.
19458 Alexandra Feodorovna (1872-1918), was a German princess who became the wife of Nicholas II, the
last czar of Russia.
19459 Allan, Robert Marshall (1886-1946), was an Australian doctor specializing in gynaecology (women's
diseases) and obstetrics (the care of women in childbirth).
19460 Allen, Sir Harry Brookes (1854-1926), was an Australian doctor who became famous for helping to win
international recognition for academic qualifications gained in Australian universities.
19461 Allen, Gracie (1906?-1964), was an American comedienne on radio and television and in films.
19462 Allen, John Frank (1908-...), a Canadian-born British physicist, was one of the discoverers of
superfluidity.
19463 Allen, Peter (1944-1992), an Australian singer, songwriter, pianist, and dancer, wrote the song I shall
Call Australia Home.
19464 Alma-Tadema, Sir Lawrence (1836-1912), was a Dutch-born British painter of Greek and Roman
subjects.
19465
Alpert, Herb (1935-...), is an American bandleader, trumpet player, and record company executive.
19466
Anastasia, Grand Duchess (1901-1918), was the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II of Russia.
19467 Anderson, Jessica (1925-...), won fame as an Australian novelist and writer of short stories.
19468 Anderson, Lindsay (1923-1994), a British film, television, and theatre director, was one of the most
influential figures of the British cinema between the early 1960is and the late 1980is.
19469
Andrews Sisters were a singing trio that performed on radio and in films, especially during the 1940's.
19470 Archer, Jeffrey (1940-...), is an English novelist.
19471 Ashkenazy, Vladimir (1937-...), a Soviet-born pianist and conductor, ranks among the finest piano
soloists of his generation.
19472 Askin, Robert (1907-1981), an Australian Liberal politician, served as the state premier of New South
Wales from 1965 to 1975.
19473 Astley, Thea (1925-...), is an Australian novelist and short-story writer.
19474 Baker-Finch, Ian (1960-...), an Australian golfer, won the British Open Championship in 1991.
19475 Ball, Gary Ian (1953-1993), a New Zealand mountaineer, won fame by climbing the highest peaks on all
seven continents.
19476
Barwick, Sir Garfield (1903-...), an Australian lawyer and Liberal politician, served in the government of
Australia from 1958 to 1964 and as chief justice of the High Court of Australia from 1964 to 1981.
19477 Batten, John (1903-1993), was a film actor from New Zealand who bridged the transition between silent
films and "talkies." He worked with such great film producer-directors as William Fox, D. W. Griffith, and
Cecil B. De Mille.
19478 Bayliss, Sir William (1860-1924), an English biologist, helped discover hormones.
19479
Bell, John (1940-...), an Australian actor and theatre director, won fame for his productions of plays by
Shakespeare and other classic dramatists as well as for his support of modern Australian playwrights.
19480 Bennett, Tony (1926-...), is an American singer noted for his warm, relaxed, voice.
19481 Benson, George (1943-...), is an American guitarist and singer who has achieved success both as a jazz
musician and as a pop vocalist.
19482 Bergen, Candice (1946-...), is an American actress who has appeared in many films.
19483 Berkeley, Busby (1895-1976), an American dance director, was famous for his extravagant dance
sequences in film musicals of the 1930's.
19484 Berkoff, Steven (1937-...), a British playwright, screenwriter, actor, and director, won fame as an original
theatre artist.
19485 Berlin, Sir Isaiah (1909-1997), a Latvian-born British philosopher, historian of ideas, and diplomat, was
one of the greatest thinkers of the 1900's.
19486 Bertolucci, Bernardo (1940-...), is an Italian film director and scriptwriter, whose films portray the sex,
politics, and violence in complex relationships.
19487 Billy is a can used for cooking over an open fire.
19488 Blackmore, Maurice (1906-1977), was an Australian pioneer of alternative medicine and a manufacturer
of vitamin and mineral pills and natural herbal cures.
19489 Blake, Eubie (1883-1983), was an African American composer and pianist whose career lasted more
than 80 years.
19490
Blakey, Art (1919-1990), was a jazz drummer and one of the most influential bandleaders in jazz history.
19491 Bland, William (1789-1868), was a British-born surgeon who became one of the leading statesmen of
New South Wales, Australia.
19492 Blunt, Anthony (1907-1983), a British art expert, won notoriety in 1979 after it became publicly known
that he was a Soviet spy.
19493
Boas, Isaac (1878-1955), was a scientist who helped pioneer the papermaking industry in Australia.
19494 Boone, Pat (1934-...), an American singer and actor, was a popular performer during the middle 1950's
and early 1960's.
19495 Boorman, John (1933-...), a British film director and producer, won critical acclaim for his work both in
the United Kingdom and the United States.
19496 Borge, Victor (1909-...), is a Danish-born pianist and humorist.
19497 Boyle, Danny (1956-...), a British film director, won critical praise and popular success with his 1996 film
Trainspotting, a story about the lives of four heroin addicts in a poor area of Edinburgh.
19498 Brenton, Howard (1942-...), a British playwright and director, rose to prominence in the late 1960's,
writing for fringe theatre companies.
19499 Brookner, Anita (1928-...), a British novelist, won the Booker Prize, a prestigious United Kingdom literary
award, in 1984 with Hotel du Lac.
19500 Brooks, Garth (1962-...), ranks among the most popular singers in the history of American country
music.
19501 Brooks, Mel (1926-...), is an American film director, actor, writer, and producer known for his zany,
satirical film comedies.
19502 Budd, Zola (1966-...), a South African-born athlete, is best remembered for her controversial appearance
as a British team member in the Olympic Games in Los Angeles in 1984.
19503 Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de, (1707-1788), was a French naturalist whose writings helped
advance the study of biology and geology.
19504 Bullen, Keith (1900-1976), a New Zealand-born mathematician and geophysicist, made important
contributions to the study of earthquakes.
19505 Burgess, Guy (1911-1963), was a British journalist and diplomat who became notorious for his activities
as a Soviet spy in association with Donald Maclean, Kim Philby, and Anthony Blunt.
19506 Burns, George (1896-1996), had one of the longest careers in American show business history.
19507 Bush, Barbara Pierce (1925-...), is the wife of George Bush, who served as 41st president of the United
States (1989 to 1993).
19508 Butenandt, Adolf (1903-1995), was a German scientist.
19509 Butler, Guy (1918-...), is a South African poet and dramatist.
19510 Buzo, Alexander (1944-...), an Australian playwright, is noted for his wry humour and observations about
human affairs.
19511 Caesar, Sid (1922-...), is an American comedian.
19512 Cage, Nicolas (1965-...), is an American film actor known for his versatility and his performances in
offbeat roles.
19513 Caine, Michael (1933-...), is an English film actor.
19514 Cairns, Sir Hugh (1896-1952), an Australian-born British surgeon, won fame for his work in
neurosurgery.
19515 Campion, Jane (1955-...), a New Zealand film director and screenwriter, achieved international fame with
her film The Piano (1993).
19516 Carrey, Jim (1962-...), is a Canadian-born film actor who gained international fame for his slapstick
comedy roles.
19517 Carter, Benny (1907-...), is an American jazz musician, composer, arranger, and bandleader.
19518 Carter, Rosalynn Smith (1927-...), is the wife of Jimmy Carter, who served as 39th president of the
United States from 1977 to 1981.
19519 Channing, Carol (1921-...), is a musical comedy performer whose trademarks are her raspy voice and
wide-eyed look.
19520 Chaudhury, Nirad (1897-...), an Indian author, became noted for his views on India's transition from
British colony to independent republic.
19521 Checker, Chubby (1941-...), is an American performer of rock music.
19522 Cher (1946-...), is an American singer and actress.
19523 Chinmayananda, Swami (1916-1993), was an Indian holy man, philanthropist, and philosopher, who
preached Hindu spiritualism to people throughout the world.
19524 Churchill, Caryl (1938-...), is an English dramatist known for her imaginative plays.
19525 Clapton, Eric (1945-...), is an English rock guitarist and composer.
19526 Clark, Champ (1850-1921), an American politician, became one of the best-known Democratic Party
leaders of his time.
19527 Clark, Joseph Sill (1901-1990), an American Democratic politician, served in the United States Senate
from 1957 to 1969.
19528 Cleese, John (1939-...), is an English actor and writer internationally known for his distinctive style of
comedy.
19529 Cleveland, Frances Folsom (1864-1947), was the wife of Grover Cleveland, who served as 22nd and
24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897.
19530 Coleman, Ornette (1930-...), is an American jazz musician and composer.
19531 Collins, Judy (1939-...), is an American folk singer and composer who gained fame for supporting
feminist and liberal political causes.
19532 Connery, Sean (1930-...), is a Scottish film actor who became famous for his role as the spy, James
Bond.
19533 Cooke, Alistair (1908-...), a British-born American journalist and broadcaster, became famous for his
articulate and informed observations on United States society, culture, and history.
19534 Coolidge, Grace Goodhue (1879-1957), was the wife of Calvin Coolidge, who served as 30th president
of the United States from 1923 to 1929.
19535 Cooper, John Sherman (1901-1991), a Republican politician, served in the United States Senate for
more than 20 years from 1946 to 1973.
19536 Costner, Kevin (1955-...), is an American actor.
19537 Crawford, Joan (1904-1977), was an American film star.
19538
Dandridge, Dorothy (1923-1965), was one of the first African American performers to become a film star.
19539 Davis, Sammy, Jr. (1925-1990), was a versatile American entertainer.
19540 Day, Doris (1924-...), is an American singer and film actress who gained fame for her clean-cut
personality and appearance, and for her clear singing voice.
19541 De Bono, Edward (1933-...), a Maltese-born British psychologist, became best known for his courses
and books on thinking skills.
19542 Dobzhansky, Theodosius, (1900-1975), a Russian-born American biologist, advanced the study of
evolution.
19543 Domino, Fats (1928-...), is a pianist, songwriter, and singer who became one of the most popular and
influential personalities in the history of rhythm and blues and rock music.
19544 Dunlop, Sir Ernest (1907-1993), was an Australian surgeon and war hero.
19545 Durang, Christopher (1949-...), is an American playwright best known for his black comedies that satirize
social conventions and morality.
19546 Edwards, Blake (1922-...), is an American film director, producer, and writer who is best known for the
"Pink Panther" series of film comedies.
19547 Eisenhower, Mamie (1896-1979), was the wife of Dwight D. Eisenhower, who served as 34th president
of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
19548 Eldridge, Roy (1911-1989), was one of the finest jazz trumpeters of the swing era of the 1930's.
19549 Ellison, Harlan (1934-...), is an American author best known for his science-fiction stories.
19550 Ellroy, James (1948-...), is an American author best known for his realistic crime novels set in Los
Angeles.
19551 Els, Ernie (1969-...), a South African professional golfer, won the United States Open Championship in
1994 at the age of 25.
19552 Elworthy, Lord (1911-1993), was a New Zealand-born marshal of the United Kingdom's (UK's) Royal Air
Force.
19553 Evans, Bill (1929-1980), was an American jazz pianist.
19554
Falk, Peter (1927-...), is an American actor known for his distinctive side-of-the-mouth speaking style.
19555 Fanthorpe, U. A. (1929-...), a British poet, is noted for the polite and conversational style of her poetry as
well as her touches of irony.
19556 Fassbinder, Rainer Werner (1946-1982), a German film director, author, and actor, became known for
his politically controversial films.
19557 Feld, Bernard (1919-1993), was an American physicist who helped develop the first atomic bomb.
19558 Fermor, Patrick Leigh (1915-...), is a British author of books about travel.
19559 Field, Sally (1946-...), is an actress who moved from television comedies to serious film roles.
19560
Fiennes, Sir Ranulph (1944-...), an English explorer, became famous principally for his polar expeditions.
19561 Fillmore, Abigail Powers (1798-1853), was the first wife of Millard Fillmore, who served as 13th president
of the United States from 1850 to 1853.
19562
Fo, Dario (1926-...), an Italian dramatist and actor, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1997.
19563
Foale, Michael (1957-...), is a British-born astronaut working with the United States space programme.
19564 Ford, Betty (1918-...), is the wife of Gerald R. Ford, who served as 38th president of the United States
from 1974 to 1977.
19565 Ford, Harrison (1942-...), is an American actor best known for his action film roles.
19566
Fosse, Bob (1927-1987), was an American director, dancer, and choreographer (creator of dances).
19567 Foster, Jodie (1962-...), is an American film actress and director.
19568 Mercer, Johnny (1909-1976), was a lyric writer of American popular music.
19569 Frayn, Michael (1933-...), a British playwright, novelist, and scriptwriter, became noted for his satirical wit
and his fine observation of social and cultural habits.
19570 Frazier, Joe (1944-...), was heavyweight boxing champion of the world in the early 1970's.
19571 Friel, Brian (1929-...), is an Irish dramatist and writer of short stories.
19572 Garfield, Lucretia Rudolph (1832-1918), was the wife of James A. Garfield, who served as 20th
president of the United States in 1881.
19573 Glashow, Sheldon Lee (1932-...), an American physicist, shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1979 with
Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam.
19574 Gluckman, Jonathan (1914-1993), was a South African forensic pathologist who became best known as
the person who performed the autopsy on the body of Steve Biko, the black South African political leader
who died in police custody in 1977.
19575
Orton, Joe (1933-1967), was a controversial English playwright known for his savage "black" comedies.
19576
Bakke case was an important civil rights case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.
19577 Grant, Julia Dent (1826-1902), was the wife of Ulysses S. Grant, who served as 18th president of the
United States from 1869 to 1877.
19578 Gray, Ken (1938-1993), was a New Zealand Rugby Union player and a member of the New Zealand
national side, the All Blacks, during the 1960's.
19579 Greenaway, Peter (1942-...), a British film director and painter, became noted for making films that
concentrate upon cinematic techniques and visual imagery.
19580 Griffith Joyner, Florence (1959-...), is an American athletics star.
19581
Halifax, Lord (1881-1959), a British Conservative Party politician, was at various times viceroy of India,
British foreign secretary, and the United Kingdom's (UK's) ambassador to the United States.
19582 Haller, Albrecht von (1708-1777), a Swiss doctor, made important studies of the body's nervous system
and muscles.
19583
Hampton, Christopher (1946-...), a British playwright and scriptwriter for television and cinema, became
noted for his original plays, adaptations, and translations, as well as for his technical craftsmanship.
19584 Hancock, Herbie (1940-...), is an American musician, bandleader, and jazz composer.
19585 Hands, Terry (1941-...), a British theatre director, was involved in the artistic direction of the United
Kingdom's Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) between 1967 and 1991.
19586 Harding, Florence Kling (1860-1924), was the wife of Warren G. Harding, who served as 29th president
of the United States from 1921 to 1923.
19587
Harriman, Pamela (1920-1997), was a British socialite who became a major supporter of the United
States Democratic Party and served as U.S. ambassador to France from 1993 until her death.
19588 Harris, Max (1921-1995), an Australian poet, editor, and social commentator, helped encourage the
modernist movement in the arts and in Australian literature in particular.
19589 Harrison, Anna Symmes (1775-1864), was the wife of William Henry Harrison, who served as 9th
president of the United States for only 30 days.
19590 Harrison, Caroline Scott (1832-1892), was the first wife of Benjamin Harrison, who served as 23rd
president of the United States from 1889 to 1893.
19591 Harrison, Tony (1937-...), is a British poet, playwright, and translator.
19592 Hayes, Lucy Webb (1831-1889), was the wife of Rutherford B. Hayes, who served as 19th president of
the United States from 1877 to 1881.
19593 Hepburn, Audrey (1929-1993), was a film star who gained international fame for her elegance, beauty,
and charm.
19594 Herzog, Werner (1942-...), is a German film director, actor, screenwriter, and producer.
19595 Heston, Charlton (1923-...), is an American film actor best known for his portraits of heroic characters in
Biblical and medieval epics.
19596 Holley, Robert (1922-...), an American biochemist, shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for physiology or
medicine with the American biochemist Marshall Warren Nirenberg and the Indian-born chemist Har
Gobind Khorana.
19597 Hollows, Fred (1930-1993), an Australian ophthalmologist (specialist in eye diseases), won fame for his
pioneering work in treating and preventing blindness among Australian Aborigines.
19598 Hoover, Lou Henry (1874-1944), was the wife of Herbert Hoover, who served as 31st president of the
United States from 1929 to 1933.
19599 Hun Sen (1950-...), a Cambodian politician, took over the leadership of Cambodia as sole prime minister
in July 1997.
19600 Hutchence, Michael (1960-1997), an Australian rock musician and songwriter, was the lead singer of the
group INXS, a six-member band that he helped form in 1977.
19601 Ingamells, Rex (1913-1955), was an Australian poet who in the late 1930's led the Jindyworobak
movement in Australian literature.
19602 James, Dame Naomi (1949-...), a New Zealand yachtswoman, was the first woman to sail around the
world single-handed by way of Cape Horn.
19603
James, Will (1892-1942), was an American writer and illustrator of stories about the American West.
19604 Jarman, Derek (1942-1994), was a British film director, writer, and painter.
19605 Jarrett, Keith (1945-...), an American pianist and composer, gained international acclaim for both his jazz
and classical performances.
19606 Joel, Billy (1949-...), is an American rock singer, pianist, and composer known for his melodic
compositions and strong lyrics.
19607 Johnson, Eliza McCardle (1810-1876), was the wife of Andrew Johnson, who served as 17th president
of the United States from 1865 to 1869.
19608 Johnson, Lady Bird (1912-...), was the wife of Lyndon B. Johnson, who served as 36th president of the
United States from 1963 to 1969.
19609 Jolley, Elizabeth (1923-...), a British-born novelist who emigrated to Australia in 1959, is noted for comic
works with underlying serious themes.
19610 Jones, Tommy Lee (1946-...), is an American actor known for his intense portrayals of both heroes and
villains.
19611 Joyce, William (1906-1946), made propaganda radio broadcasts from Germany during World War II
(1939-1945), which were designed to undermine the morale of the Allied Powers.
19612 Junejo, Muhammed (1932-1993), was prime minister of Pakistan from 1985 to 1988.
19613 Kabila, Laurent (1938-...), became head of state of Congo (Kinshasa) in 1997, after ousting the ruling
dictator Mobutu Sese Seko.
19614 Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike (1853-1926), a Dutch physicist, discovered a phenomenon called
superconductivity.
19615 Kapoor, Raj (1924-1988), was an Indian film actor, director, and producer who worked in India's film
industry for about 40 years.
19616 Kautilya (?-? 300 B.C.), also spelled Kautalya, was a Hindu statesman and political philosopher.
19617
Kerzner, Sol (1935-...), a South African businessman and entrepreneur, won fame as the founder of Sun
International, a multi-million-dollar leisure resort and casino empire based in London, England.
19618 King Movement was an attempt by the Maori people of New Zealand to unite under a single elected king
in order to tackle the issue of land sale and settlement.
19619 Knight, Gladys (1944-...), is an American singer of rhythm and blues music.
19620 Koontz, Dean R. (1945-...), is a popular and productive American author of suspense fiction.
19621 Korbut, Olga (1956-...), a gymnast from what is now Belarus, competed for the former Soviet Union in
the 1972 and 1976 Olympic Games.
19622 Kraepelin, Emil (1856-1926), a German psychiatrist, developed an early system for diagnosing and
classifying mental illness.
19623 Krige, Uys (1910-1987), was a South African dramatist, poet, and short story writer.
19624 Kureishi, Hanif (1954-...), a British novelist, dramatist, and screenwriter, became famous in the 1980's for
works that examine tensions and conflicts in the multiracial and multicultural society of the United
Kingdom.
19625 Kusch, Polykarp (1911-1993), a German-born American physicist, shared the 1955 Nobel Prize for
physics with his colleague, the American physicist Willis Eugene Lamb, Jr., for his accurate
measurement of the magnetic moment of the electron.
19626 Laing, R. D. (1927-1989), was a Scottish psychiatrist who became famous for his unorthodox theory of
psychiatric disorders.
19627 Lewis, Jerry (1926-...), is an American comic actor, whose work is especially popular in France.
19628 Liberace (1919-1987) was an American pianist and entertainer known for his flamboyant costumes and
performing style.
19629 Little Richard (1932-...) was one of the first stars of rock 'n' roll.
19630 Lodge, David (1935-...), is a British novelist and literary critic.
19631 Loren, Sophia (1934-...), is an international Italian film star known for her beauty.
19632 Loveless, George (1797-1874), was the leader of the Tolpuddle martyrs, a group of agricultural
labourers in Dorset, England, who attempted to form a trade union and were victimized by the
government of the day for doing so.
19633 Lugosi, Bela (1882-1956), was a Hungarian-born actor famous for his roles in horror films.
19634 Lynn, Loretta (1935-...), became a popular singer of American country music.
19635 MacLaine, Shirley (1934-...), is an American film actress.
19636 Maclean, Donald (1913-1983), was a United Kingdom (UK) diplomat who worked as a spy for the Soviet
Union.
19637 Mancini, Henry (1924-1994), was an American composer and songwriter known for his music for films
and television.
19638 Mangope, Chief Lukus Manyane (1923-...), a South African tribal leader and politician, was the president
of the former homeland of Bophuthatswana from 1977 until the election of South Africa's first multiracial
government in 1994.
19639 Breast cancer is an uncontrolled, potentially deadly division of cells in the breast.
19640 Cancun, is one of Mexico's most popular coastal resorts.
19641 Capelin is a small, silvery saltwater fish that lives in the cold seas surrounding the North Pole.
19642 Carbon-monoxide detector, also called a CO detector, is a device designed to monitor levels of carbon
monoxide inside homes.
19643 Christo (1935-...), a Bulgarian-born American artist, creates huge, temporary art projects in collaboration
with his wife, Jeanne-Claude.
19644 Colon cancer is the common name for an uncontrolled division of cells in the large intestine.
19645 Dawes, William (1745-1799), was an American patriot who helped Paul Revere warn colonists about a
British attack at the start of the American Revolution.
19646 Deming, W. Edwards (1900-1993), was an American management consultant.
19647 Drug testing is the analysis of body fluids to determine whether a person is using illegal drugs.
19648 Annan, Kofi Atta (1938-...), a diplomat from Ghana, became the seventh secretary-general of the United
Nations (UN) in 1997.
19649 Antacid is any of a group of drugs that neutralize acid in the digestive system.
19650 Anthurium is the name of a large genus (group) of flowering plants native to tropical regions in North and
South America.
19651
Arab-Israeli conflict is a struggle between the Jewish state of Israel and the Arabs of the Middle East.
19652 Composite materials are solid substances that are produced by combining two or more separate
ingredients.
19653 Earth Day is an annual observance, held on April 22, to increase public awareness of environmental
problems.
19654 Elephant shrew is a small mouselike mammal with a long, flexible nose.
19655 Fabius Maximus, Quintus (275?-203 B.C.), was a Roman military leader.
19656 Heliosphere is a vast, teardrop-shaped region of space containing electrically charged particles given off
by the sun.
19657 Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, restores a woman's supply of the sex hormones oestrogen and
progesterone after her ovaries stop producing them.
19658 Human genome project, is an international scientific programme to analyse the complete chemical
instructions that control heredity in human beings and certain other organisms.
19659 Kristallnacht is a name given to the night of Nov. 9-10, 1938, when Nazis attacked Jews and destroyed
Jewish businesses and synagogues throughout Germany and Austria.
19660 Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common mental illness in which people feel burdened by unwanted
thoughts or forced to repeat troublesome actions.
19661 Office work is the process of recording, storing, and distributing the information needed to operate a
business.
19662 Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy (1929-1994), the wife of United States president John F. Kennedy, was
one of the most popular first ladies in U.S. history.
19663 Osman I (1258?-1326?), was the founder of the Ottoman Empire.
19664 Oviraptor was a small meat-eating dinosaur that resembled an ostrich.
19665 Pager, also called a beeper, is a small, wearable device that enables the carrier to receive brief
messages while on the move.
19666 Palaeobotany is the study of ancient plants.
19667 Palmares was the largest and most famous community established by runaway slaves in Brazil during
the 1600's.
19668 Prostate cancer is an uncontrolled division of cells in the prostate gland, a walnut-sized internal organ of
the male reproductive system.
19669 Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface.
19670 Hanks, Tom (1956-...), is an internationally popular American film star who became famous for playing
likable, charming, and innocent characters.
19671 T'ai chi ch'uan is a form of Chinese martial art.
19672 Waters, Muddy (1915-1983), was an influential rhythm and blues singer and guitarist.
19673 Welfare state is a term sometimes applied to a country in which the government assumes major
responsibility for providing for the financial needs of the people.
19674 Sex discrimination, sometimes called gender discrimination, is the unequal treatment of individuals
based on their sex.
19675 Vaughan, Sarah (1924-1990), was a famous American jazz singer who also achieved great success in
popular music.
19676 Tour de France is a prestigious bicycle road race in which professional cyclists cover a total distance of
approximately 4,000 kilometres divided into 21 stages.
19677 Margulis, Lynn (1938-...), an American biologist, helped advance the study of the origins of cells.
19678
Marlborough is a province that occupies the northeastern section of the South Island of New Zealand.
19679 Martin, Dean (1917-1995), was an American singer and film actor known for his casual performing style
and his full baritone singing voice.
19680 Martin, Mary (1913-1990), was a star of American musical comedy theatre, known for her spirited
personality and clear singing voice.
19681 Martinu, Bohuslav (1890-1959), was a Czech composer whose works combined influences from both
the Czech and French musical traditions.
19682 Mathis, Johnny (1935-...), is an American singer known for his mellow voice and expressive delivery of
love songs.
19683 Mattingly, Thomas Kenneth, II (1936-...) was a United States astronaut.
19684 Mayakovsky, Vladimir (1893-1930), was a Russian poet and propagandist.
19685 Mayr, Ernst (1904-...), is a German-born American biologist.
19686 McCarthy, John (1957-...), a British journalist, became a national figure because of his imprisonment as
a hostage in Beirut, Lebanon, for five-and-a-half years.
19687 McCrae, George Gordon (1833-1927), was an Australian poet.
19688 McKinley, Ida Saxton (1847-1907), was the wife of William McKinley, who served as 25th president of
the United States from 1897 to 1901.
19689 Medalla, David (1942-...), is a Filipino contemporary artist.
19690 Meinhof, Ulrike (1934-1976), was a German terrorist and co-leader with Andreas Baader of a 1970's
anarchist guerrilla organization called the Red Army Faction.
19691 Merman, Ethel (1908-1984), was a star of musicals on Broadway, New York, and was known for her
exuberant personality as well as her powerful singing voice.
19692 Minnelli, Vincente (1910-1986), was one of the great directors of American cinema.
19693 Barnburners were members of a group in the United States Democratic Party of the state of New York
during the 1840's.
19694 Monroe, Elizabeth Kortright (1768-1830), was the wife of James Monroe, who served as fifth president of
the United States from 1817 to 1825.
19695 Moore, Mary Tyler (1936-...), is an American actress who starred in two of the most popular comedy
series in American television history, "The Dick Van Dyke Show" (1961-1966) and "The Mary Tyler
Moore Show" (1970-1977).
19696
Morris, Jan (1926-...), a British author of Anglo-Welsh parentage, won distinction as a travel writer.
19697 Morrison, Jim (1943-1971), was the lead singer and composer for The Doors, one of the best-known
rock groups of the 1960's.
19698 Morton, Rogers Clark Ballard (1914-1979), a United States politician, held three Cabinet-level offices
under presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford.
19699 Mostel, Zero (1915-1977), was an American comic actor who gained popularity both on the stage and in
films.
19700 Murphy, Eddie (1961-...), is a black American comedian and film actor who gained popularity for his
breezy, fast-talking style.
19701 Nevsky, Alexander (? 1220-1263), was a Russian national hero who became a saint of the Russian
Orthodox Church.
19702 Nixon, Pat (1912-1993), was the wife of Richard M. Nixon, who served as 37th president of the United
States from 1969 to 1974.
19703 Nossal, Sir Gustav (1931-...), an Australian immunologist and geneticist, wrote several popular books on
immunology (the study of the human body's system of defence against disease) and on medical science
in general.
19704 Ooi, Chean See (1962-...), a Malaysian pianist and conductor, became the first resident conductor of the
Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra in 1998.
19705 Paretsky, Sara (1947-...), an American author of detective stories, is the creator of the female private
investigator V. I. Warshawski.
19706 Parker, Alan (1944-...), is a British film director and writer.
19707 Perkins, Carl (1932-1998), was one of the first stars of rock music.
19708 Philby, Kim (1912-1988), was a British civil servant and diplomat who, while working for the British
intelligence service, was a Soviet spy.
19709 Pierce, Jane Appleton (1806-1863), was the wife of Franklin Pierce, who served as 14th president of the
United States from 1853 to 1857.
19710 Piquet, Nelson (1952-...), a Brazilian racing-car driver, was world champion in the Formula One class on
three occasions--1981, 1983, and 1987.
19711 Plater, Alan (1935-...), a British dramatist, screenplay writer, and novelist, won fame for his scripts, which
reflect his working-class upbringing, his political beliefs, and his love of jazz.
19712 Plummer, Christopher (1927-...), is an internationally known Canadian film and stage actor.
19713 Pol Pot (1928-1998), a Cambodian Communist politician and leader of the Khmer Rouge movement,
was prime minister of Cambodia from 1976 to 1979.
19714 Poliakoff, Stephen (1952-...), is a British dramatist and film director.
19715 Polk, Sarah Childress (1803-1891), was the wife of James Knox Polk, who served as 11th president of
the United States from 1845 to 1849.
19716 Powell, Bud (1924-1966), was an influential modern jazz pianist.
19717 Premadasa, Ranasinghe (1924-1993), was a Sri Lankan politician who served ten years as prime
minister of his country and five as its president.
19718 Prince, Harold (1926-...), is a creative director and producer in the American musical theatre.
19719 Puttnam, David (1941-...), is a British film producer who won fame as one of the architects of the revival
in British filmmaking in the last quarter of the 1900's.
19720 Norodom Ranariddh (1944-...), a Cambodian politician, is the son of Cambodia's constitutional monarch,
Prince Norodom Sihanouk, and is leader of the royalist political party Funcinpec.
19721 Ratushinskaya, Irina (1954-...), a Russian poet and writer, produced verse that criticized the authorities
of the former Soviet Union.
19722 Read, Norman (1931-1994), was a New Zealand athlete born in England.
19723 Reagan, Nancy Davis (1923-...), is the wife of Ronald Reagan, who served as 40th president of the
United States from 1981 to 1989.
19724 Reeve, Christopher (1952-...), is an American actor who became famous as the comic-book superhero
Superman.
19725 Reich, Wilhelm (1897-1957), was an Austrian psychoanalyst.
19726
Reinhardt, Django (1910-1953), a jazz guitarist, was the first European-born jazz musician of note.
19727 Rendell, Ruth (1930-...), an English author, became internationally famous for her detective stories and
novels of psychological suspense.
19728 Rhodes, Zandra (1940-...), is a British fashion designer.
19729 Riefenstahl, Leni (1902-...), a German film actress, producer, director, and photographer, became best
known for the documentary films she made in the 1930's about the Nazi regime in Germany.
19730 Roberts, Julia (1967-...), an American actress, became an international film star while she was in her
early 20's.
19731 Robinson, Roland (1912-1992), was an Irish-born Australian poet and collector of myths.
19732 Roeg, Nicholas (1928-...), a British film director, worked on a wide-ranging list of films that included the
cult film Performance (1968), starring Mick Jagger; The Man who Fell to Earth (1976), starring David
Bowie; and The Witches (1989).
19733 Rogers, Ginger (1911-1995), was an American actress best known as Fred Astaire's dancing partner in
musical comedies of the 1930's.
19734 Rogers, William Pierce (1913-...), is an American politician who served as secretary of state under
President Richard M. Nixon from 1969 to 1973.
19735 Rollins, Sonny (1930-...), is an American tenor saxophone player, and a creative jazz soloist.
19736 Rooney, Mickey (1920-...), is an energetic and versatile American film star.
19737 Roosevelt, Edith Carow (1861-1948), was the wife of Theodore Roosevelt, who served as 26th president
of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
19738 Rorty, Richard (1931-...), is a leading American philosopher.
19739 Rossellini, Roberto (1906-1977), was an Italian film director who helped found a movement called
neorealism in Italy after World War II (1939-1945).
19740 Roy, Arundhati (1960-...), an Indian writer, won the United Kingdom 1997 Booker Prize for her first novel
The God of Small Things.
19741 Rush, Geoffrey (1950-...), an Australian actor, won a 1997 Academy Award for best actor for his
performance in the film Shine (1966).
19742 Scheckter, Jody (1950-...), a South African racing driver, became the first South African to win a Grand
Prix car race when he took the chequered flag in Sweden in 1974.
19743 Schlesinger, John (1926-...), a British film director, won international fame with his first American film,
Midnight Cowboy (1969), a subdued tale of two young men trying to survive in the urban jungle of New
York.
19744 Schwarzenegger, Arnold (1947-...), is an Austrian-born film star famous for his roles as a muscular hero
in action films.
19745 Scott, Ridley (1937-...), a British film director, made his name with a string of films made in the United
States.
19746 Shange, Ntozake (1948-...), is a black American author and poet known for her imaginative works for the
stage.
19747 Sharman, Helen (1963-...), became famous as the first person from the United Kingdom (UK) to travel
into space.
19748 Shatner, William (1931-...), is a Canadian-born actor best known for his television and film appearances
in the science-fiction series "Star Trek." Shatner played Captain James T. Kirk, commander of the
starship Enterprise, encountering many adventu
19749
Shipley, Jenny (1952-...), became the first woman prime minister of New Zealand on Dec. 9, 1997.
19750 Shrine of Remembrance, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, was built to commemorate Australians who
died in World War I (1914-1918).
19751 Simpson, Gaylord (1902-1984), was an American palaeontologist who helped advance the study of
evolution.
19752
Singer, Joshua (1893-1944), was a Polish-born American journalist and novelist who wrote in Yiddish.
19753 Skotnes, Cecil (1926-...), a South African artist, is notable for his skills in painting, engraving, and
drawing.
19754
Smith, Dame Maggie (1934-...), is an English actress known for playing eccentric comic characters.
19755 Sperry, Roger (1913-1994), was an American neurologist who in 1981 shared the Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine with D. H. Hubel and T. N. Wiesel.
19756 Spillane, Mickey (1918-...), is an American author of detective fiction known for its emphasis on violence
and sex.
19757 Spitz, Mark (1950-...), ranks among the greatest competitive swimmers of all time.
19758 Stauffenberg, Claus von (1907-1944), was a German soldier who tried unsuccessfully to assassinate
Adolf Hitler.
19759 Stone, Oliver (1946-... ), is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.
19760 Symington, Stuart (1901-1988), an American Democratic politician, served as a United States senator
from 1953 to 1977.
19761 Taft, Helen Herron (1861-1943), was the wife of William Howard Taft, who served as 27th president of
the United States from 1909 to 1913.
19762 Tan, Amy (1952-...), an American writer, won fame for her novels dealing with the lives and concerns of
Asian women in America.
19763 Tarantino, Quentin (1963-...), is an American film director and screenwriter who gained an international
reputation for his violent and highly personal films.
19764 Taylor, Margaret Smith (1788-1852), was the wife of Zachary Taylor, who served as 12th president of
the United States in 1849 and 1850.
19765 Thesiger, Wilfred (1910-...), a British writer, photographer, and explorer, was the first European to visit
many largely unexplored and remote parts of North and East Africa and the Middle East.
19766 Thubron, Colin (1939-...), a British travel writer and novelist, won critical acclaim for his travel books
about Russia, China, and central Asia.
19767 Tilson Thomas, Michael (1944-...), is an American orchestra conductor, known for his outgoing
conducting style and for his ability to build original concert programmes.
19768
Travolta, John (1954-...), is an American film star known for the versatility of the roles he has played.
19769 Truman, Bess (1885-1982), was the wife of Harry S. Truman, who served as 33rd president of the
United States from 1945 to 1953.
19770 Tyler, Julia Gardiner (1820-1889), was the second wife of John Tyler, who served as 10th president of
the United States from 1841 to 1845.
19771 Tyler, Letitia Christian (1790-1842), was the first wife of John Tyler, who served as 10th president of the
United States from 1841 to 1845.
19772 Tynan, Kenneth (1927-1980), was a British theatre critic.
19773 Uys, Pieter-Dirk (1945-...), is a South African columnist, playwright, actor, female impersonator, and
satirist of contemporary life in his native country.
19774 Volans, Kevin (1949-...), a South African-born Irish composer, became famous in the 1980's for his work
which combined African and European styles in musical composition.
19775 Walters, Barbara (1931-...), is an American television journalist.
19776 Wang Zhen (1909-1996), a Chinese government official, became vice president of the Peopleis Republic
of China in 1988.
19777 Washington, Dinah (1924-1963), was an American singer equally skilled at performing jazz, rhythm and
blues, and popular songs.
19778
Weil, Simone (1909-1943), a French writer, mystic, social philosopher, political activist, and pacifist,
became famous after her death through the posthumous publication of a number of books.
19779 Wier, Peter (1944-...), an Australian film director, made his international reputation with the supernatural
mystery tale Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975).
19780 Wenders, Wim (1945-...), a German film director, became best known as one of the leading talents in the
German cinema after 1970.
19781 White, Willard (1946-...), a Jamaican singer and actor, won fame for his many stirring opera
performances and for his commanding presence as the central figure in Shakespeare's Othello, in 1989
with the United Kingdom's Royal Shakespeare Company.
19782 Whitelaw, Billie (1932-...), a British stage and film actress, emerged as one of the United Kingdom's most
versatile acting talents in the 1960's.
19783 Williams, Robin (1951-...), is an American actor and comedian known for his skill at improvising.
19784 Wilson, Ellen Axson (1860-1914), was the first wife of Woodrow Wilson, who served as 28th president of
the United States from 1913 to 1921.
19785 Winterson, Jeanette (1959-...), a British novelist, won fame for her challenging works.
19786
Wollstonecraft, Edward (1783-1832), was a pioneer and businessman in New South Wales, Australia.
19787 Woodcock, George (1904-1979), was general secretary of the United Kingdom's Trades Union
Congress (TUC) from 1960 until 1969.
19788 Woods, Donald (1933-...), a South African journalist, was a longstanding opponent of the South African
government's apartheid (racial segregation) policies.
19789 Woolrich, Cornell (1903-1968), was an American author of suspense fiction.
19790 Yao Yilin (1917-1994), a Chinese politician, became one of the five vice premiers of the People's
Republic of China in 1979.
19791 Zephaniah, Benjamin (1958-...), a British poet, playwright, recording artist, and broadcaster, became
known for his distinctive style of performance poetry.
19792 Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1868-1940), was an African American journalist.
19793 Abbott, Sir John Joseph Caldwell (1821-1893), served as prime minister of Canada from June 1891 to
November 1892.
19794 Abzug, Bella Savitzky (1920-1998), a Democrat from the state of New York, served in the United States
House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977.
19795
Adamic, Louis (1899-1951), was an American author who wrote about immigrants in the United States.
19796 African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.) is one of the largest denominations of the Methodist church
in the United States (see METHODISTS).
19797 Agassi, Andre (1970-...), became one of the dominant American tennis players of the late 1900's.
19798 Agnew, Spiro Theodore (1918-1996), became the only vice president of the United States to resign his
office while under criminal investigation.
19799 Allen, Ethan (1738-1789), an American patriot and soldier, led the Green Mountain Boys in the capture
of Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775.
19800 Allen, Richard (1760-1831), an American religious leader, founded the African Methodist Episcopal
Church (A.M.E.), the first African American denomination in the United States.
19801 Alliance for Progress, or, in Spanish, Alianza para el Progreso, was a Latin-American programme
promoting economic and social development.
19802 Alternative medicine refers to a wide range of healing practices that are not generally considered part of
conventional medicine.
19803 Ames, Adelbert, Jr. (1880-1955), was an American scientist known for his research in the field of optics
and visual perception.
19804 Amtrak is a semipublic corporation that operates intercity passenger trains in the United States.
19805
Annapolis Convention was a meeting held in Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.A. in 1786 to discuss changes in
the Articles of Confederation, which had served as the basic law of the United States since 1781.
19806 Anti-Masonic Party was an American political organization that was active in New York, U.S.A. during
the late 1820's and early 1830's.
19807 Appomattox Court House was a little country settlement in central Virginia, U.S.A. It was the scene of
Robert E. Lee's surrender to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, at the end of the American Civil War
(1861-1865).
19808 Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History conducts and promotes research and study
of the black person's role in U.S. and world history.
19809 Atchison, David Rice (1807-1886) was a United States senator from the state of Missouri.
19810 Atlantic States are states of the United States of America that lie south of New England and which
border on the Atlantic Ocean or are closely tied to it economically.
19811 Augusta (pop. 44,639; met. area pop. 415,184), lies on the eastern boundary of the state of Georgia in
the United States, about 200 kilometres from the mouth of the Savannah River.
19812 Augusta (pop. 21,325), is the capital of the United States state of Maine.
19813 Baker, Howard Henry, Jr. (1925-...), a Republican politician from the state of Tennessee, U.S.A., served
as majority leader of the United States Senate from 1981 to 1985.
19814 Baker, James Addison, III (1930-...), served as United States secretary of state under President George
Bush from 1989 to 1992.
19815 Baldwin, Robert (1804-1858), served twice as joint prime minister of the Province of Canada.
19816 Ballard, Robert Duane (1942-...), is an American oceanographer who has advanced underwater
exploration.
19817 Balthus (1908-...) is a French painter known for his eerie and provocative works.
19818 Barras, Vicomte de (1755-1829), Paul Francois Jean Nicolas de Barras, a French nobleman, changed
sides to fight with the revolutionaries in the French Revolution (1789-1799).
19819 Bartlett, Josiah (1729-1795), was a New Hampshire signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence in 1776, and of the Articles of Confederation (the forerunner of the United States
Constitution) in 1781.
19820 Bassett, Richard (1745-1815), a lawyer and statesman from Delaware, was a signatory to the
Constitution of the United States of America.
19821
Bath, Order of the is the third highest and one of the oldest orders of knighthood in the United Kingdom.
19822 Baum, William Wakefield Cardinal (1926-...), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in
1976 by Pope Paul VI. In 1980, Pope John Paul II appointed him head of the Vatican Congregation for
Catholic Education.
19823 Beaumont, William (1785-1853), an American doctor, gained recognition for his studies of the process of
digestion.
19824 Becker, Carl Lotus (1873-1945), was an American historian and political thinker.
19825 Bedford, Gunning, Jr. (1747-1812), an American lawyer and statesman from Delaware, was a signatory
to the Constitution of the United States.
19826 Bennett, Richard Bedford (1870-1947), Viscount Bennett of Mickleham, Calgary, and Hopewell, served
as prime minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935.
19827 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von (1856-1921), a German jurist and statesman, was the fifth chancellor
of the German Empire from 1909 until 1917.
19828 Biddle, Nicholas (1786-1844), was an American banker.
19829 Billings, William (1746-1800), was the first professional musician and the first important composer born
in the American Colonies.
19830 Blackfeet Indians is the name of a group of Native American tribes who originally lived on the Great
Plains of North America.
19831 Blaine, James Gillespie (1830-1893), was an important American political leader for many years.
19832 Blake, Edward (1833-1912), a Canadian statesman and lawyer, became a leader in the legal profession
and won recognition as an authority on constitutional law.
19833
Blount, William (1749-1800), was a North Carolina signatory to the Constitution of the United States.
19834 Blue laws were the first printed laws of New Haven Colony in Connecticut, U.S.A. They may have been
given the name because they were bound in blue or printed on blue paper.
19835 Bok, Edward William (1863-1930), was an American journalist.
19836 Bond, Carrie Jacobs (1862-1946), was an American songwriter.
19837 Bosco, Saint John (1815-1888), an Italian Roman Catholic priest, became famous for his devoted care
of homeless boys.
19838 Bouchard, Lucien (1938-...), a Canadian politician, became the leader of the Parti Quebecois, Quebec's
powerful separatist party, and the premier of Quebec in 1996.
19839 Bourassa, Henri (1868-1952), was a French-Canadian journalist and political leader.
19840 Bowell, Sir Mackenzie (1823-1917), served as prime minister of Canada from December 1894 to April
1896.
19841 Bowie, James (1796?-1836), an American frontiersman, became known for his role in the Texas
Revolution (1835-1836).
19842
Bragg, Braxton (1817-1876), was a Confederate general during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
19843 Brainerd, David (1718-1747), was an American Presbyterian missionary to Native Americans.
19844 Braxton, Carter (1736-1797), an American statesman, was a Virginia signatory to the American
Declaration of Independence (1776).
19845 Brearley, David (1745-1790), an American lawyer and judge from New Jersey, was a signatory to the
Constitution of the United States.
19846 Breckinridge, John Cabell (1821-1875), was vice president of the United States and, later, a Confederate
general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
19847 Brooklyn is a borough (district) of New York City.
19848 Broom, Jacob (1752-1810), an American farmer and businessman from Delaware, was a signatory to
the Constitution of the United States.
19849 Browder, Earl Russell (1891-1973), an American, helped organize the Communist Party in the United
States, and served as its general secretary from 1930 to 1944.
19850 Brown University is a privately endowed coeducational institution located in Providence, Rhode Island,
U.S.A. Founded in 1764, it is one of the oldest colleges in America.
19851 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a case decided in 1954 in which the Supreme Court of the
United States declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional.
19852
Brown, Benjamin Gratz (1826-1885), was a candidate for vice president of the United States in 1872.
19853 Brown, Edmund Gerald (1905-1996), an American politician, was governor of California from 1959 to
1967.
19854 Brown, Edmund Gerald, Jr. (1938-...), an American politician, was governor of California from 1975 to
1983.
19855 Brown, Harold (1927-...), served as United States secretary of defense from 1977 to 1981 under
President Jimmy Carter.
19856 Brown, Jesse (1944-...), became United States secretary of veterans affairs in 1993, under President Bill
Clinton.
19857
Brzezinski, Zbigniew Kazimierz (1928-...), was a key aide of United States President Jimmy Carter.
19858 Buck Island Reef National Monument lies under water in a lagoon near the island of St. Croix in the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
19859 Buckner, Simon Bolivar (1823-1914), was a lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the
American Civil War (1861-1865).
19860 Bucktails were a powerful group in the Democratic-Republican Party (which later became the
Democratic Party) in the state of New York, U.S.A., from about 1816 to 1830.
19861 Buffalo Soldiers was a name given to two regiments of the United States Army that were made up
entirely of African American soldiers.
19862 Buffett, Warren Edward (1930-...), an American business executive, is chairman of the board of directors
of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., a major U.S. holding company.
19863 Burr, Aaron (1756-1836), was vice president of the United States from 1801 to 1805, under President
Thomas Jefferson.
19864 Butler, William Orlando (1791-1880), was the Democratic candidate for vice president of the United
States in 1848.
19865 Byrne, Jane Margaret (1933-...), was the first woman mayor of Chicago.
19866 Calhoun, John Caldwell (1782-1850), of South Carolina, U.S.A., was a major political figure before the
American Civil War (1861-1865).
19867 Califano, Joseph Anthony, Jr. (1931-...), served as United States secretary of health, education, and
welfare (HEW) from 1977 to 1979 under President Jimmy Carter.
19868
Campeche, is a Mexican state in the Yucatan Peninsula covering an area of 51,833 square kilometres.
19869
Canada, Armed Forces of, are responsible for defending Canada and its interests throughout the world.
19870 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is the national public broadcasting service in Canada.
19871 Canadian Education Association is a national association of education authorities in Canada.
19872 Carmel, California, U.S.A. (pop. 4,239), is a seaside community on the Monterey Peninsula, about 210
kilometres south of San Francisco.
19873 Carnegie Corporation of New York is an American philanthropic foundation for "the advancement and
diffusion of knowledge and understanding." The American industrialist Andrew Carnegie established the
corporation in New York City in 1911 with an endo
19874 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching is an American organization whose aims are to
promote the cause of education and the dignity of the teaching profession in the U.S.A. It conducts
research and presents reports on problems and issues
19875 Carroll was the family name of three early American leaders, two brothers and their cousin.
19876 Cartier, Sir George Etienne (1814-1873), was a French-Canadian political leader.
19877 Casa Grande Ruins National Monument in southern Arizona, U.S.A., includes the ruins of a caliche
(concrete) tower that was built by Native Americans who irrigated and farmed the land in the Gila Valley
600 years ago.
19878 Castro, Raul Hector (1916-...), served as governor of Arizona, U.S.A., from 1975 to 1977.
19879
Cavazos, Lauro Fred (1927-...), served as United States secretary of education from 1988 to 1990.
19880 Chaco Culture National Historical Park in northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A., has numerous large,
prehistoric ruins of the Anasazi Indians.
19881 Charest, Jean (1958-...), was elected leader of Canada's Progressive Conservative Party in a party
election held in April 1995.
19882
Charlottetown (pop. 15,396), the capital of Prince Edward Island, is one of Canada's most historic cities.
19883 Chavez, Cesar Estrada (1927-1993), was a Mexican American trade union organizer.
19884 Chavez, Dennis (1888-1962), a Democrat, became the second Hispanic American to serve in the United
States Senate.
19885
Chibcha Indians lived on the high plains of what are now the central Colombian Andes in South America.
19886 Chouteau, Jean Pierre (1758-1849), who was known by his middle name, was an American fur trader
and a United States Indian agent.
19887 Chouteau, Pierre, Jr. (1789-1865), often called Cadet, amassed great wealth from the fur business in
America, and became one of the most powerful financiers of his day.
19888 Chouteau, Rene Auguste (1749-1829), was a French fur trader and merchant who helped found St.
Louis, Missouri, in what is now the U.S.A. Chouteau was born in New Orleans.
19889 Churchill River is in Saskatchewan and Manitoba in western Canada.
19890 Cinco de Mayo is a holiday celebrated on May 5 by Mexicans and Mexican Americans.
19891 Cisneros, Henry Gabriel (1947-...), was the first Hispanic American to serve as United States secretary
of housing and urban development.
19892
Clark is the family name of two Americans--father and son--who held important government positions.
19893 Clark, Abraham (1726-1794), was an American political leader during the American Revolution (1775-
1783), and a New Jersey signatory to the Declaration of Independence (1776).
19894 Clymer, George (1739-1813), an American merchant and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
was one of six people who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the
United States.
19895 Cohen, William Sebastian (1940-...), became United States secretary of defence in 1997, under
President Bill Clinton.
19896 Coleman, William Thaddeus, Jr. (1920-...), was United States secretary of transportation from 1975 to
1977.
19897 Colfax, Schuyler (1823-1885), served as vice president of the United States from 1869 to 1873 during
the first term of President Ulysses S. Grant.
19898 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.A. (pop. 281,140; met. area pop. 397,014), is a tourist and recreation
centre located in the Rocky Mountains.
19899 Colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening between the colon (part of the large intestine)
and the surface of the body.
19900 Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A. (pop. 98,052; met. area pop. 453,331), is the state's capital and
largest city.
19901 Committees of safety sprang up in the American colonies to carry on the necessary functions of
government during the American Revolution (1775-1783).
19902 Computerized instruction is the use of a computer system to provide or supplement a student's
education.
19903 Conant, James Bryant (1893-1978), was an American chemist, educator, and government official.
19904
Confederation of Canada was the union of British colonies that formed the Dominion of Canada in 1867.
19905 Congressman or congresswoman is a member of the United States Congress.
19906
Connally, John Bowden (1917-1993), was United States secretary of the treasury in 1971 and 1972.
19907 Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of (1850-1942), served as governor general of Canada from 1911 to
1916.
19908 Constitutional Union Party was an American political party formed in 1859 by former members of the
Whig and Know-Nothing parties.
19909 Cooke, Jay (1821-1905), an American financier, was the chief financial agent for the United States
during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
19910 Cooperstown (pop. 2,180) is a resort village on Otsego Lake, in the east-central part of New York state,
U.S.A. William Cooper, a judge, purchased land and surveyed the wilderness site in 1785, and settled
there in 1790.
19911 Copan was one of the southernmost Maya cities during the Classic Period of the Maya civilization, which
lasted from about A.D. 250 to 900.
19912 Corporation for Public Broadcasting is a private, nonprofit-making organization that promotes public
television and radio in the United States.
19913 Coughlin, Charles Edward (1891-1979), was a Canadian-born Roman Catholic priest known for his
political activities in the U.S.A. during the 1930's.
19914 Cox, James Middleton (1870-1957), an American politician and newspaper publisher, was the
Democratic candidate for president in 1920.
19915 Coxey, Jacob Sechler (1854-1951), organized Coxey's Army, a group of unemployed men, during the
American economic depression of the 1890's.
19916 Credit Mobilier of America was a joint-stock company responsible for a major political scandal in the
United States.
19917 Crittenden Compromise was an unsuccessful proposal submitted to the United States Senate in an effort
to keep the Southern States from leaving the Union.
19918
Crow Indians are a tribe of Native Americans who live on the northern Great Plains of the United States.
19919 Cudahy, Michael (1841-1910), an American meat packer, developed and introduced cold-storage
facilities in packing plants.
19920 Curley, James Michael (1874-1958), a colourful American politician, was best known as mayor of
Boston, Massachusetts.
19921 Curtis, Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar (1850-1933), an American publisher, founded the Curtis Publishing
Company in 1890.
19922 Custis, George Washington Parke (1781-1857), grandson of Martha Custis Washington, became the
adopted son of George Washington, the first president of the United States (1789-1797).
19923 Daley, Richard Joseph (1902-1976), an American politician, was mayor of Chicago from 1955 until his
death in 1976.
19924 Dallas, George Mifflin (1792-1864), served as vice president of the United States from 1845 to 1849
under President James K. Polk.
19925 Dartmouth (pop. 67,798) is a large community within the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia,
Canada.
19926
Dartmouth College case, also called Dartmouth College v. Woodward, upheld the U.S. constitutional
right which prohibits unreasonable interference with business contracts by state and federal government.
19927 Davenport (pop. 95,333; met. area pop. 350,861) is one of the largest cities in Iowa, U.S.A. Davenport
lies on the west bank of the Mississippi River.
19928 Davis, Benjamin Oliver, Jr. (1912-...), was a United States Air Force officer.
19929 Davis, David (1815-1886), an American judge and statesman, helped his close friend Abraham Lincoln
obtain the nomination for U.S. president in 1860.
19930 Davis, John William (1873-1955), a famous American constitutional lawyer, was the unsuccessful
Democratic candidate for the presidency of the United States in 1924.
19931 Dawes Plan was a programme designed to help Germany pay its World War I (1914-1918) reparations
(payments for damages).
19932 Dawes, Charles Gates (1865-1951), a Republican, served as vice president of the United States from
1925 to 1929 under President Calvin Coolidge.
19933 Day, Benjamin Henry (1810-1889), founded America's first successful "penny paper," the New York Sun,
in 1833.
19934 Dayton, Jonathan (1760-1824), an American political leader, was the youngest signatory to the
Constitution of the United States.
19935 Dayton, William Lewis (1807-1864), was the Republican candidate for vice president of the United
States in 1856.
19936 De La Warr, Lord (1577-1618), became the first governor of the American colony of Virginia.
19937 Dean, William Frische (1899-1981), was an American major general who won fame in the early days of
the Korean War (1950-1953).
19938 Deane, Silas (1737-1789), was an early American diplomat.
19939 Defense, Department of, is an executive department of the United States government.
19940 Deloria, Vine, Jr. (1933-...), is a leader in the fight for Native American rights in the United States.
19941 Derrida, Jacques (1930-...), a French philosopher, is considered the founder of the deconstruction
movement.
19942 Des Moines (pop. 193,187; met. area pop. 392,928), is the capital, largest city, and chief manufacturing
centre of Iowa, U.S.A. The city lies in south-central Iowa, where the Des Moines and Raccoon rivers
meet.
19943
Devils Postpile National Monument is in the Sierra National Forest in east-central California, U.S.A. The
monument contains a spectacular mass of blue-grey basalt columns that resemble a pile of posts.
19944 Devils Tower National Monument is in northeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. It contains a tower of volcanic rock
that rises 264 metres from the hills bordering the Belle Fourche River.
19945 Dewey, Thomas Edmund (1902-1971), an American lawyer and Republican politician, served as
governor of New York state from 1943 to 1954.
19946 Dickinson, John (1732-1808), represented the American state of Delaware at the 1787 Constitutional
Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and played an important role in drafting the Constitution of the
United States.
19947 Dinosaur National Monument, in Utah and Colorado, U.S.A., is a scenic region with spectacular canyons
cut by the Green and Yampa rivers.
19948 Dinwiddie, Robert (1693-1770), was lieutenant governor of the American colony of Virginia from 1751 to
1758.
19949 Dirksen, Everett McKinley (1896-1969), a Republican politician from Illinois, U.S.A., served as minority
leader of the United States Senate from 1959 until his death.
19950 Disabled American Veterans (D.A.V.) is an American organization for men and women who have been
disabled in the line of duty whilst fighting for their country in times of war.
19951 Disciples of Christ is a Protestant Christian denomination in the United States.
19952 Divine, Father (1880?-1965), was a black American religious leader and the founder of the Peace
Mission Movement.
19953 Dix, Dorothea Lynde (1802-1887), led the drive to build and improve hospitals for the mentally ill in the
United States.
19954 Dodd, William Edward (1869-1940), a noted American historian, served as United States ambassador to
Germany from 1933 to 1937.
19955 Dole, Elizabeth Hanford (1936-...), has had a long career in public service in the United States.
19956 Dollar diplomacy seeks to extend a nation's business interests in other countries through superior
economic power instead of war.
19957 Donner Pass cuts through the Sierra Nevada, a mountain range in eastern California, U.S.A. The pass
was the scene of a great tragedy in the severe winter of 1846-1847.
19958 Dorion, Marie (1790?-1850), a Native American, became known for her bravery as a member of the
Astor Overland Expedition.
19959 Dorr Rebellion was an uprising against the state government of Rhode Island, U.S.A., in 1842.
19960 Douglas, Stephen Arnold (1813-1861), was a popular and skilful American orator and political leader just
before the American Civil War (1861-1865).
19961 Douglas, William Orville (1898-1980), served on the Supreme Court of the United States longer than any
other judge.
19962
Dow, Herbert Henry (1866-1930), was an early pioneer of the chemical industry in the United States.
19963 Du Bois, William Pene, (1916-1993), was an American writer and illustrator of books for children.
19964 Du Sable, Jean Baptiste Point (1745-1818), a black American pioneer, was the first known settler to
build a house and open a trading post in the area which became Chicago in the United States.
19965 Dubuque, Iowa, U.S.A. (pop. 57,546; met. area pop. 86,403), is a port city on the west bank of the
Mississippi River, opposite the Illinois-Wisconsin border.
19966 Due process of law is a basic principle in the American legal system that requires fairness in the
government's dealing with people.
19967 Duff, Sir Lyman Poore (1865-1955), served on the Supreme Court of Canada from 1906 to 1944.
19968
Duke Endowment is an American trust fund established in 1924 by James B. Duke, a businessman.
19969 Duke, James Buchanan (1856-1925), an American businessman and philanthropist, organized the
American Tobacco Company (now American Brands, Inc.) in 1890.
19970 Duniway, Abigail Jane Scott (1834-1915), was an American leader of the campaign for women's voting
rights in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A. Her efforts helped achieve suffrage (voting rights) for women
in Idaho in 1896, Washington in 1910, and O
19971 Durant, William Crapo (1861-1947), was an American car manufacturer and the founder of General
Motors.
19972 Dyer, Mary (?-1660), an American colonist from England, became a martyr (one who dies for religious
beliefs) for the Quaker faith.
19973 Eagleton, Thomas Francis (1929-...), became the only man ever nominated by a national convention for
vice president of the United States to resign his candidacy.
19974 Earle, Sylvia Alice (1935-...), is an American oceanographer and environmentalist.
19975
Early, Jubal Anderson (1816-1894), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
19976 Eaton, Theophilus (1590-1658), was a Puritan who helped to found New Haven colony, now in the U.S.
state of Connecticut.
19977 Eaton, Timothy (1834-1907), was a noted Canadian merchant.
19978 Edwards, Jonathan (1703-1758), was a famous minister of Puritan New England, now in the U.S.A. As a
philosopher, preacher, revivalist, and theologian, he became the leading intellectual figure in colonial
America.
19979 Effigy Mounds National Monument is located in northeastern Iowa in the U.S.A. It contains prehistoric
Native American burial mounds.
19980 Electoral Commission was a group created by the U.S. Congress in 1877 to decide who had won the
presidential election of 1876.
19981 Eliot, Charles William (1834-1926), an American educator, served as president of Harvard University for
the 40 years from 1869 to 1909.
19982 Eliot, John (1604-1690), was an American missionary to the Native Americans of the colony of
Massachusetts, now in the U.S.A. He translated the Bible into a Native American dialect.
19983 Ellery, William (1727-1820), was one of the Rhode Island signatories to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
19984 Ellsworth, Oliver (1745-1807), was chief justice of the United States from 1796 to 1800.
19985 Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, designs, engraves, and prints the paper money and postage stamps
issued by the United States government.
19986 Environmental Defense Fund is a private organization in the United States that works to protect the
environment.
19987 Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution.
19988 Escobedo v. Illinois, was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning the
rights of U.S. citizens accused of crimes.
19989 Black History Month is an annual observance each February, of the past achievements and current
status of African Americans in the United States of America.
19990 Evarts, William Maxwell (1818-1901), an American lawyer, gained recognition for successfully handling
important legal trials.
19991 Everett, Edward (1794-1865), an American statesman, was considered one of the greatest orators of his
day.
19992
Ewell, Richard Stoddert (1817-1872), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
19993 Ex parte Milligan was a legal case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that civilians
cannot be tried by military courts if civil courts are available.
19994 Export-Import Bank of the United States, also called Eximbank, is an independent agency of the United
States government.
19995 Fairbanks, Charles Warren (1852-1918), served as vice president of the United States from 1905 to
1909 under President Theodore Roosevelt.
19996 Fairburn, William Armstrong (1876-1947), an American businessman and inventor, found methods to
remove the poisonous effect of phosphorus used in match heads and the hazard of afterglow in the
wood of matches.
19997 Fairy Falls is a waterfall in Mount Rainier National Park in western Washington, U.S.A. It stands 1,676
metres above sea level at the head of Stevens Canyon.
19998 Fall, Albert Bacon (1861-1944), served as United States secretary of the interior from 1921 to 1923
under President Warren G. Harding.
19999 Fargo (pop. 74,111), is the largest city in North Dakota, U.S.A. It lies in the valley of the Red River of the
North, one of the great farming regions of the United States (see NORTH DAKOTA).
20000 Farley, James Aloysius (1888-1976), an American politician and businessman, served as postmaster
general of the United States from 1933 to 1940.
20001
Fatima, Our Lady of, refers to the Virgin Mary, who reportedly appeared near Fatima, Portugal, in 1917.
20002 Federalist Party was one of the first political organizations in the United States.
20003 Federalist, The is a series of 85 letters that urged ratification of the United States Constitution.
20004 Feinstein, Dianne (1933-...), is one of the most prominent women in U.S. politics.
20005 Ferraro, Geraldine Anne (1935-...), became the Democratic nominee for vice president of the United
States in 1984.
20006 Ferre, Maurice (1935-...), became the first Hispanic mayor of a large United States city when he took
office as mayor of Miami, Florida, in 1973.
20007 Fessenden, William Pitt (1806-1869), was a United States senator from Maine from 1854 to 1864, and
from 1865 to 1869.
20008 Few, William (1748-1828), an American lawyer, judge, and banker, was a Georgia signatory to the
Constitution of the United States.
20009 Field, Cyrus West (1819-1892), was an American financier who promoted the first submarine telegraph
cable across the Atlantic.
20010 Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees that an American citizen shall not be
discriminated against in exercising the right to vote.
20011 Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees that people cannot be forced to testify
against themselves in a criminal case.
20012 Fish, Hamilton (1808-1893), was an American statesman.
20013 Fisk, James (1834-1872), was an American financier who was involved in several business scandals in
the United States during the late 1800's.
20014 Fitzpatrick, Thomas (1799?-1854), was a trapper and guide in the American West.
20015 Fitzsimmons, Frank Edward (1908-1981), was an American trade union leader.
20016 Flagler, Henry Morrison (1830-1913), was an American businessman.
20017 Flagstaff (pop. 45,857), is a university and industrial town in the United States.
20018 Flahiff, George Bernard Cardinal (1905-1989), a Canadian religious leader, was the Roman Catholic
archbishop of Winnipeg, Manitoba, from 1961 to 1982.
20019 Fletcher v. Peck, a United States Supreme Court case heard in 1810, marked the first time the U.S.
Supreme Court declared a state law unconstitutional.
20020 Flin Flon (pop. 7,449), is a town on the border of Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada.
20021 Flint (pop. 140,761; met. area pop. 430,459) is a city in Michigan, U.S.A. In terms of population, it is
Michigan's fourth largest city, after Detroit, Grand Rapids, and Warren.
20022 Floyd, William (1734-1821), an American statesman, was a New York signatory to the Declaration of
Independence in 1776.
20023 Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley (1890-1964), was an American labour leader.
20024 Fong, Hiram Leong (1906-...), an American politician, was the first Asian American to serve in the United
States Senate.
20025 Force bill, in United States history, was any of several measures passed or considered by the U.S.
Congress that authorized the use of military power to enforce federal (national) law.
20026
Ford Foundation, an organization based in the United States, is one of the world's largest foundations.
20027 Forrest, Nathan Bedford (1821-1877), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-
1865). (The Confederate states were the Southern states that were in favour of slavery.) He was a
brilliant cavalry leader.
20028 Fort Lauderdale (pop. 149,377; met. area pop. 1,255,488) is a major resort city and a leading holiday
and retirement centre in Florida in the United States.
20029 Foss, Joseph Jacob (1915-...), was a leading United States fighter pilot in the South Pacific during World
War II (1939-1945).
20030 Foster, Sir George Eulas (1847-1931), was a Canadian statesman.
20031 Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbids any state to deny any citizen the
rights granted by federal law.
20032 Fox, Terry (1958-1981), was a Canadian athlete.
20033 Franklin Institute is a science education institution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. It is known
mainly for its Science Museum.
20034 Fraser River is a waterway in British Columbia, Canada.
20035 Fraser, Douglas Andrew (1916-...), was an American labour leader.
20036 Frazier, Edward Franklin (1894-1962), an American sociologist, was a leading authority on the life of
African Americans in the United States.
20037
Free Soil Party was an American political group organized in Buffalo, in the state of New York, in 1848.
20038 Freedom Day, National, falls on February 1 in the U.S.A. It commemorates the day a resolution was
signed proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to outlaw slavery.
20039
Freer Gallery of Art, in Washington, D.C., is an American museum famous for its collections of Asian art.
20040 Frick, Henry Clay (1849-1919), was an American industrialist.
20041 Friedman, Milton (1912-...), is an American economist whose controversial theories sparked widespread
debate in the 1960's and 1970's.
20042 Frye, Northrop (1912-1991), was a Canadian literary and social critic.
20043 Funston, Frederick (1865-1917), an American soldier, played an important part in the overseas
expansion of the United States in the 1890's and early 1900's.
20044 Fur trade was one of the earliest and most important industries in North America.
20045 Gadsden was the family name of two famous Americans from South Carolina, grandfather and
grandson.
20046 Gadsden Purchase. The treaty that ended the Mexican War (1846-1848) left some doubt about the
western part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States.
20047 Galarza, Ernesto (1905-1984), was a Mexican-American historian and civil rights leader.
20048 Gall (1840-1894), was a leader of the Hunkpapa band of the Teton Sioux Indians.
20049 Gallaudet is the name of three American educators, father and two sons, who pioneered in the education
of deaf people in the United States.
20050 Galloway, Joseph (1731-1803), was a prominent American lawyer and politician who opposed the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
20051 Garner, John Nance (1868-1967), served as vice president of the United States from 1933 to 1941,
during the first two terms of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
20052 Garrett, Pat (1850-1908), an American frontier rancher and sheriff in the West, is best known for killing
the outlaw Billy the Kid (see BILLY THE KID).
20053 Garrison Dam, about 124 kilometres north of Bismarck, North Dakota, U.S.A, is part of the United States
government's Missouri River Basin development programme.
20054 Gates, Doris (1901-1987), was an American writer for children.
20055
Genet, Edmond Charles Edouard (1763-1834), created the first international crisis for the United States.
20056
George, Henry (1839-1897), an American social reformer, originated the concept of the single tax.
20057 George, James Zachariah (1826-1897), was an American soldier, jurist, and politician.
20058 Gerry, Elbridge (1744-1814), served as vice president of the United States under President James
Madison from 1813 until his death.
20059 Getty Trust, J. Paul is a private foundation in the U.S.A. that promotes education, conservation, and
scholarship in the visual arts and related humanities.
20060 Gideon v. Wainwright was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning
the rights of accused people.
20061 Gila River rises in the Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico, U.S.A., and flows west across the state of
Arizona to empty into the Colorado River.
20062
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (1860-1935), was a leading writer on women's rights in the United States.
20063
Gilman, Nicholas (1755-1814), was a New Hampshire signatory to the Constitution of the United States.
20064 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (1933-...), became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
in 1993.
20065 Girty, Simon (1741-1818), was an American pioneer who fought with Native Americans against white
settlers.
20066 Glick, George Washington (1827-1911), an American politician, was the first Democrat to be elected
governor of Kansas, U.S.A. Born in Ohio, he studied law in the office of Rutherford B. Hayes and
practised in Ohio from 1850 to 1858, when he moved to
20067
Goddard, Mary Katherine (1736-1816), helped publish and print three newspapers in the American
Colonies--The Providence Gazette, The Pennsylvania Chronicle, and The Maryland Journal.
20068 Goddard, William (1740-1817), was an American publisher, editor, and printer.
20069 Godkin, Edward Lawrence (1831-1902), founded the American newspaper The Nation, and edited it
from 1865 to 1901.
20070 Goldfield, Nevada, U.S.A., was the scene of one of the greatest gold rushes in the history of the United
States.
20071 Good Templars, International Organization of, is an organization founded in Utica, New York, U.S.A., in
1851, to promote temperance, peace, and brotherhood.
20072
Gorham, Nathaniel (1738-1796), was a Massachusetts signatory to the Constitution of the United States.
20073 Gould, Jay (1836-1892), was an American financier who became the leading railway owner of the late
1800's.
20074 Gramm, Phil (1942-...), a Texas Republican, is one of the most prominent members of the United States
Senate.
20075 Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) was a society of war veterans who fought for the North in the
American Civil War (1861-1865).
20076 Grandfather Clause, in modern United States law, refers to any legal provision that excuses an individual
or company from a requirement or prohibition because the person or company has enjoyed a certain
privilege or right at some time in the past.
20077 Grant, George Monro (1835-1902), was a Canadian educator, church minister, and writer.
20078 Grasso, Ella Tambussi (1919-1981), served as governor of the American state of Connecticut from 1975
to 1980.
20079 Great society is the name given to the domestic programme of United States President Lyndon B.
Johnson, who served from 1963 to 1969.
20080 Green Mountain Boys were soldiers from what is now the U.S. state of Vermont who fought against the
United Kingdom in the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20081 Green Mountains form part of the Appalachian system.
20082 Green, Hetty (1834-1916), an American heiress, was regarded at the time of her death as the richest
woman in the world.
20083 Greenback Party was an American political party that was active between 1876 and 1884.
20084
Greene, Nathaniel (1742-1786), an American general, is noted for his campaigns against the British in
North and South Carolina between 1780 and 1782, during the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20085 Greenspan, Alan (1926-...), an American economist, became chairman of the Board of Governors of the
United States Federal Reserve System (FRS) in 1987.
20086 Greenway, John Campbell (1872-1926), an American mining engineer and soldier, led in the
development of mining and transportation in the state of Arizona.
20087
Gregoire, Paul Cardinal (1911-1993), a Canadian priest, was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
20088 Gray Panthers is an American organization that fights against age discrimination.
20089 Grisham, John (1955-...), is a popular American author known for his suspense novels.
20090 Grosvenor, Gilbert Hovey (1875-1966), an American, edited National Geographic Magazine for more
than 50 years.
20091 Gruening, Ernest (1887-1974), an American politician, was a leader in Alaska's quest to become a state
of the U.S.A. Gruening served as territorial governor of Alaska from 1939 to 1953.
20092 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway is an American water route along the Gulf of Mexico from Carrabelle, Florida
to Brownsville, Texas.
20093 Gulick, Luther Halsey (1865-1918), an American physical education teacher, encouraged James
Naismith to originate the game of basketball.
20094
Gwinnett, Button (1735?-1777), a Georgia signatory to the American Declaration of Independence
(1776), served in the Georgia Assembly in 1769, and in the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777.
20095 Hadrosaur is the name of a diverse group of dinosaurs with wide snouts resembling duck bills.
20096 Haig, Alexander Meigs, Jr. (1924-...), became U.S. secretary of state under President Ronald Reagan in
1981, and resigned the position in 1982.
20097 Hale, John Parker (1806-1873), an American politician from the state of New Hampshire, U.S.A., was a
leading opponent of slavery before the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20098 Hale, Sarah Josepha (1788-1879), became one of the most famous magazine editors in the United
States during the 1800's.
20099 Hall, Lyman (1724-1790), an American statesman during the American Revolution (1775-1783), urged
independence from the United Kingdom and influenced the colony of Georgia's decision to join the other
colonies in revolt.
20100 Hamer, Fannie Lou (1917-1977), was a leading black American civil rights activist.
20101 Hamilton, Alice (1869-1970), was an American doctor who was a pioneer in the field of industrial
medicine.
20102 Hamlin, Hannibal (1809-1891), was vice president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, during
President Abraham Lincoln's first term.
20103 Hampton Roads is a natural channel and harbour formed at the place where the Nansemond, James,
and Elizabeth rivers meet in the state of Virginia, U.S.A. These rivers flow through Hampton Roads into
the Atlantic Ocean at Chesapeake Bay.
20104 Hampton Roads Conference was an attempt to end the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20105 Hampton, Wade (1818-1902), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20106 Hancock, John (1737-1793), was an American revolutionary leader who became the first person to sign
the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20107 Hancock, Winfield Scott (1824-1886), was a general of the Union Army in the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
20108
Hannibal, Missouri, U.S.A. (pop. 18,004), is the childhood home of the writer Mark Twain (1835-1910).
20109 Hanson, John (1721-1783), was a statesman from Maryland at the time of the American Revolution
(1775-1783).
20110
Harlan, James (1820-1899), was a United States senator from the state of Iowa from 1855 to 1865.
20111 Harnett, William Michael (1848-1892), is regarded as one of the leading American still-life painters of the
late 1800's.
20112 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, U.S.A. (pop. 308), is a village situated on the Potomac River, 89 kilometres
northwest of Washington, D.C.
20113 Harris, Robert (1849-1919), was one of the most popular and respected Canadian painters of the late
1800's and early 1900's.
20114 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. (pop. 52,376; met. area pop. 587,986) has been the capital of
Pennsylvania since 1812.
20115 Hart, Gary Warren (1936-...), a Democrat from the state of Colorado, served as a United States senator
from 1975 to 1987.
20116 Hart, John (1711?-1779), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence (1776).
20117
Hartford Convention was a secret meeting of delegates from New England during the War of 1812 to
discuss their opposition to the war and to other United States government policies (see WAR OF 1812).
20118 Hartford, George Huntington (1833-1917), an American merchant, helped to develop the retail shopchain
industry.
20119 Harvard, John (1607-1638), was an English-born American colonist, minister, and philanthropist.
20120 Hatcher, Richard Gordon (1933-...), became one of the first African Americans to win election as mayor
of a major United States city.
20121 Hay, John Milton (1838-1905), was an American diplomat and statesman.
20122 Hayakawa, S. I. (1906-1992), an American educator, became an internationally known expert on
semantics (the study of the meaning of words).
20123 Heat index, or HI, is a measure of how hot the air feels.
20124 Helena (pop. 24,569), is the capital of the state of Montana, U.S.A. It serves as the trading and supply
centre for a mining and agricultural region.
20125 Hell gate is a channel in New York City's East River.
20126 Helms, Jesse Alexander (1921-...), has been a United States senator from the state of North Carolina
since 1973.
20127 Henday, Anthony (^? ^-^? ^), an English fur trader and explorer in Canada, was the first white man to
visit the Blackfoot Indians and to report on their customs and habits.
20128 Henry, Alexander (1739-1824), an American, won fame as a fur trader in Canada after the United
Kingdom gained control of the area from France in the 1760's.
20129 Herndon, William Henry (1818-1891), an American lawyer, is known chiefly for his collection of letters to
and from Lincoln's contemporaries.
20130 Hesburgh, Theodore Martin (1917-...), an American Roman Catholic priest, served as president of the
University of Notre Dame, Indiana, from 1952 until he retired in 1987.
20131 Hewes, Joseph (1730-1779), was a North Carolina signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20132 Heyward, Thomas, Jr. (1746-1809), an American patriot, statesman, soldier, and judge, was a South
Carolina signatory to the American Declaration of Independence (1776).
20133 Hibbing, Minnesota, U.S.A. (pop. 18,046) is often called the Iron Ore Capital of the World.
20134 High Desert is located in central Oregon, U.S.A., between the Blue Mountains and the Basin and Range
Region.
20135 Hill, James Jerome (1838-1916), was a famous Canadian-born businessman.
20136 Hillman, Sidney (1887-1946), an American trade union leader, was the guiding spirit of the Amalgamated
Clothing Workers of America.
20137 Hilo (pop. 37,808), is the largest city and chief port on the island state of Hawaii, U.S.A. It lies on Hilo
Bay, on the east side of the island.
20138 Hincks, Sir Francis (1807-1885), was joint premier of the Province of Canada from 1851 to 1854.
20139 Hnatyshyn, Ramon John (1934-...), was governor general of Canada from 1990 to 1995.
20140 Hobart, Garret Augustus (1844-1899), an American politician, served as vice president of the United
States under President William McKinley from 1897 to 1899.
20141 Hobby, Oveta Culp (1905-1995), became the first United States secretary of health, education, and
welfare.
20142 Hoffa, James Riddle (1913-1975?), an American labour leader, was international president of the
Teamsters Union from 1958 to 1971.
20143 Hogan is a type of house of the Navajo Indians of the American Southwest.
20144
Hohokam Pima National Monument is in south-central Arizona, U.S.A. It includes the remains of
Hohokam Indian artwork, homes, irrigation canals, and tools dating from about 300 B.C. to A.D. 1200.
20145 Homestead strike of 1892 demonstrated the power of big business in America, and was a major defeat
for the trades union movement in the United States.
20146 Hooker, Joseph (1814-1879), was a Union (Northern) general during the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
20147 Hooker, Thomas (1586-1647), was an English Congregational preacher and a founder of the American
colony of Connecticut, now a state of the U.S.A. Hooker exerted a strong influence in the drafting of the
Fundamental Orders, a document under which Conn
20148 Hooks, Benjamin Lawson (1925-...), served as executive director of the American National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1977 to 1993.
20149 Hooper, William (1742-1790), was a North Carolina signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20150 Hoover Commission was the popular name of two commissions that recommended ways to improve the
administration of the United States government.
20151
Hopkins, Harry Lloyd (1890-1946), was U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's most influential adviser.
20152 Hopkins, Stephen (1707-1785), an American statesman, was a Rhode Island signatory to the American
Declaration of Independence (1776).
20153 Hopkinson, Francis (1737-1791), a New Jersey signatory to the American Declaration of Independence
(1776), was an American statesman, artist, writer, lawyer, and judge.
20154 Hotchkiss Gun is a type of automatic machine gun.
20155 Housatonic River is an important waterway in the New England region of the United States.
20156
House, Edward Mandell (1858-1938), an American statesman, made secret missions to Europe during
World War I (1914-1918) as the representative of United States President Woodrow Wilson.
20157 Howe, Joseph (1804-1873), was a political leader and newspaper editor in the Canadian colony of Nova
Scotia.
20158 Howe, Samuel Gridley (1801-1876), was an American social and political reformer.
20159 Hudson River tunnels provide links between Manhattan Island and the state of New Jersey, U.S.A.
Manhattan Island, the heart of New York City, is separated from New Jersey on the west by the broad
Hudson River.
20160 Hufstedler, Shirley Mount (1925-...), served from 1979 to 1981 as the first United States secretary of
education.
20161
Hughes, Charles Evans (1862-1948), served as chief justice of the United States from 1930 to 1941.
20162 Hull, William (1753-1825), was an American army officer who served in the American Revolution (1775-
1783) and the War of 1812.
20163 Humphrey, Hubert Horatio (1911-1978), served as vice president of the United States under President
Lyndon B. Johnson.
20164 Hunt, H. L. (1889-1974), an American oil producer, became one of the richest people in the world.
20165 Hunt, Richard Morris (1827-1895), was an American architect.
20166 Huntington, Samuel (1731-1796), was a Connecticut signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20167 Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.(pop. 159,789; met. area pop. 293,047), is often called Rocket City, U.S.A.
The Redstone Arsenal, the rocket and guided-missile centre of the United States Army, lies just
southwest of Huntsville.
20168 Iacocca, Lee (1924-...), is an American motor industry executive.
20169 Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, near Idaho Falls, Idaho, U.S.A., is the leading centre in the
United States for testing the safety of nuclear reactors.
20170 Illinois River is the largest and most important water route in the state of Illinois, U.S.A. The river is part
of the waterway system that links the Great Lakes with the Gulf of Mexico.
20171 Imperial Valley is a rich irrigated region in the desert of south-central California, U.S.A., just north of the
Mexican border.
20172 Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine or faeces (solid waste matter) from the body.
20173 Indian Affairs, Bureau of (B.I.A.), is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior that works
mainly to promote the welfare of Native Americans (also known as American Indians).
20174 Indian Claims Commission was an independent commission of the United States government.
20175 Ingersoll, Jared (1749-1822), was a Pennsylvania signatory to the Constitution of the United States in
1787.
20176 Inside Passage is a water transportation route from Seattle in the state of Washington, U.S.A., to the
Alaskan towns of Haines and Skagway.
20177 International peace garden is a park on the Canadian-United States border between Boissevain, in the
Canadian province of Manitoba, and Dunseith, in the U.S. state of North Dakota.
20178 Inuvik (pop. 3,206), is an administrative and commercial centre in the northwestern part of Canada's
Northwest Territories.
20179 Iron and Steel Institute, American, is an association of producers of iron and steel in North and South
America.
20180 Isle Royale National Park in the northwest part of Lake Superior, U.S.A., includes the large island after
which the park was named and more than 200 smaller islands.
20181
Izaak Walton League of America is one of the oldest conservation organizations in the United States.
20182 James Bay is the southern arm of Hudson Bay in northeast Canada.
20183 James River is the largest waterway lying wholly within the state of Virginia, U.S.A. Jamestown, the first
permanent English colony in America, was settled on the banks of this river in 1607.
20184 James, Daniel, Jr. (1920-1978), was the first black general in United States history.
20185 Jameson, Sir Leander Starr (1853-1917), was a Scottish doctor born in Edinburgh, who went to South
Africa in 1878 and became an administrator in the British South Africa Company.
20186 Jay Treaty, signed in 1794, resolved disputes that arose between the United States and the United
Kingdom after the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20187 Jay, John (1745-1829), was a distinguished American statesman during the early days of the United
States.
20188 Jefferson Memorial, in Washington, D.C., is a shrine to Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the
United States and author of the Declaration of Independence (1776).
20189 Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas (1723-1790), was a Maryland signatory to the Constitution of the United
States.
20190 John Birch Society is a conservative, anti-Communist organization in the United States.
20191
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument includes three areas in north-central Oregon, U.S.A., that
contain fossils of animals and plants that lived from about 55 million to about 10 million years ago.
20192 Johnson, Charles Spurgeon (1893-1956), was an American sociologist and educator who studied and
wrote about the life of blacks in the United States.
20193 Johnson, John Harold (1918-...), is one of the leading publishers in the United States.
20194 Johnson, Sir William (1715-1774), was a British merchant, soldier, Indian agent, and landowner in
colonial New York.
20195 Johnson, William Samuel (1727-1819), a lawyer, political leader, and scholar from Connecticut, U.S.A.,
was a signatory to the Constitution of the United States in 1787.
20196 Johnston, Albert Sidney (1803-1862), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
20197 Johnston, Joseph Eggleston (1807-1891), was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
20198 Jones, Absalom (1746-1818), was a leader of the struggle to give black Americans control over their
religious worship.
20199 Jones, Mary Harris (1830-1930), was a well-known figure in the United States labour movement in the
late 1800's and early 1900's.
20200 Jordan, Barbara Charline (1936-1996), became the first African American woman from a Southern state
to serve in the United States Congress.
20201 Jordan, Vernon Eulion, Jr. (1935-...), is an American civil rights leader and lawyer.
20202 Joshua Tree National Park is in southern California, U.S.A., near the town of Twentynine Palms.
20203 Jouett, Jack (1754-1822), was a supporter of the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20204 Juana Ines de la Cruz (1648-1695), was the greatest poet of the baroque movement in colonial Latin
American literature (see LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE [Colonial literature]).
20205 Kahlo, Frida (1907-1954), was an important Mexican painter known for her harsh, revealing selfportraits.
20206 Kalb, Johann (1721-1780), was a German-born military officer who served in the American army during
the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20207 Kanawha River is one of the chief waterways of West Virginia, U.S.A. It flows northwest to the Ohio
River from the junction of the Gauley and New rivers.
20208 Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the United States Congress in 1854.
20209 Karrer, Paul (1889-1971), a Swiss chemist, shared the 1937 Nobel Prize for chemistry with British
chemist Sir Walter Haworth.
20210
Katmai National Park is in southwestern Alaska, U.S.A. The park has 10 active and 5 inactive volcanoes.
20211 Kearny, Philip (1814-1862), was a general in the American Civil War (1861-1865) who fought on the side
of the Union, the northern states that supported the abolition of slavery.
20212 Kearny, Stephen Watts (1794-1848), a United States general, commanded the western armies of the
United States in the Mexican War (1846-1848).
20213 Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory on Mauna Kea, a mountain on the U.S. island state of
Hawaii.
20214 Kelley, Florence (1859-1932), was an American social reformer.
20215 Kennebec River flows for about 266 kilometres through southern Maine, U.S.A. It rises in Moosehead
Lake in west-central Maine, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean near Bath.
20216 Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is a national cultural centre in Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Its full
name is the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
20217 Kent, James (1763-1847), was an American legal authority.
20218 Kentucky coffeetree is a broadleaf tree of eastern North America.
20219 Ketchikan (pop. 8,263) is a city in Alaska, U.S.A. It is often called Alaska's First City or Gateway,
because it is the first city most tourists reach when they travel north by sea to Alaska.
20220 King Peak is one of the 10 highest mountains in North America.
20221 King, Rufus (1755-1827), was an American statesman and a signatory to the Constitution of the United
States.
20222 King, William Lyon Mackenzie (1874-1950), served as prime minister of Canada three times between
1921 and 1948.
20223 King, William Rufus Devane (1786-1853), was elected vice president of the United States in 1852 to
serve under President Franklin Pierce.
20224 King, Ernest Joseph (1878-1956), was a United States naval officer.
20225 Kings Canyon National Park is a scenic wilderness in east-central California, U.S.A. It has some of the
highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada mountains, and some of the oldest and largest giant sequoia trees in
the United States.
20226 Kingsley, Mary Henrietta (1862-1900), was a British explorer, traveller, and pioneering social
anthropologist.
20227 Kirkpatrick, Jeane Jordan (1926-...), served as United States ambassador to the United Nations (UN)
from 1981 to 1985.
20228 Knights of Labor was one of the most important early labour organizations in the United States.
20229 Know-Nothings were members of certain secret societies that flourished in the United States from 1852
to 1860.
20230 Knox, Frank (1874-1944), was a prominent United States politician and publisher.
20231 Knox, Henry (1750-1806), was a general in the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the nation's first
secretary of war.
20232 Korean War Veterans Memorial, in the United States, is a monument that honours Americans who
served in the Korean War (1950-1953).
20233 Kreps, Juanita Morris (1921-...), an American labour economist, served as secretary of commerce from
1977 to 1979 under President Jimmy Carter.
20234 Kreuger, Ivar (1880-1932), was a Swedish entrepreneur.
20235 La Guaira (pop. 26,154), is Venezuela's main port.
20236 LaFontaine, Sir Louis Hippolyte (1807-1864), was a French-Canadian political leader.
20237 Laird, Melvin Robert (1922-...), served as U.S. secretary of defence under President Richard M. Nixon
from January 1969 to January 1973.
20238
Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus (1825-1893), an American politician who represented Mississippi,
worked for good relations between the North and the South after the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20239 Lame Duck Amendment is a popular name for Amendment 20 to the United States Constitution, which
was passed in 1933.
20240 Landes, Bertha Knight (1868-1943), was the first woman mayor of a major United States city.
20241 Langdon, John (1741-1819), was a signatory to the Constitution of the United States in 1787.
20242 Lansing, Robert (1864-1928), served as United States secretary of state under President Woodrow
Wilson from 1915 to 1920.
20243 Larrazolo, Octaviano Ambrosio (1859-1930), was the first Hispanic American to serve in the United
States Senate.
20244 Larson, Gary (1950-...), an American cartoonist, became famous for his cartoon series called "The Far
Side." The cartoons gained fame for their bizarre humour.
20245 Laud, William (1573-1645), was the dominant figure in the Church of England during the disputes that
led to the English Civil War (1642-1649).
20246
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid (1841-1919), was the first French Canadian to become prime minister of Canada.
20247 Lava Beds National Monument is in northern California, U.S.A. It includes exhibits of volcanic action,
lava flows, and caves.
20248 Law Day U.S.A. is celebrated throughout the United States on May 1 to emphasize the importance of
law in American life.
20249 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in Berkeley, California, U.S.A., is one of the world's leading
centres of research in basic energy and life sciences.
20250 Lawrence, James (1781-1813), a United States naval officer, commanded the frigate Chesapeake in an
attack on the British ship Shannon during the War of 1812.
20251 Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. (pop. 3,632), is the site of Homestake mine, one of the largest gold mines in
the United States.
20252 League of United Latin American Citizens is an organization of Spanish-speaking peoples in the United
States.
20253 Lease, Mary Elizabeth (1850-1933), was an American orator and reformer.
20254 Lee, Francis Lightfoot (1734-1797), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in
1776.
20255
Lee, Jason (1803-1845), a Canadian-born Methodist missionary, is remembered as the first missionary
to bring Christianity to the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
20256
Lee, Richard Henry (1732-1794), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20257
Leon (pop. 83,693) is the chief intellectual centre and an important farm produce market in Nicaragua.
20258 Levesque, Rene (1922-1987), served as premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1976 to
1985.
20259 Levinson, Barry (1942-...), is an American film director and screenwriter.
20260 Levitt, William Jaird (1907-1994), was the first major builder of mass-produced housing in the United
States.
20261
Lewis, Francis (1713-1802), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20262
Lewiston (pop. 39,757), is the second largest city of Maine, U.S.A. Only Portland has more people.
20263 Liberal Party is a major political party in Canada.
20264 Liberal Republican Party was a short-lived political party formed in the United States in 1872 to oppose
the reelection of President Ulysses S. Grant, a Republican.
20265 Libertarian Party is an American political party that stands for increasing individual liberties by limiting
government activities.
20266 Liberty League, also called the American Liberty League, was an organization in the United States that
tried to rally public opinion against President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.
20267 Liberty Party was the first political party in the United States to give most of its attention to the slavery
question.
20268 Lilienthal, David Eli (1899-1981), was the first chairperson of the United States Atomic Energy
Commission.
20269 Lincoln (pop. 191,972; met. area pop. 213,641) is the capital of Nebraska, U.S.A. It is the state's second
largest city, the largest being Omaha.
20270 Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, in New York City, is the home for some of the most important
cultural activities in the United States.
20271 Lincoln Memorial is a beautiful monument in Washington, D.C., built in honour of President Abraham
Lincoln (1809-1865).
20272 Lincoln, Mary Todd (1818-1882), the wife of President Abraham Lincoln, was the daughter of Robert S.
Todd, a banker of Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A., and his wife, Eliza Parker Todd.
20273 Lincoln, Robert Todd (1843-1926), was an American statesman and lawyer.
20274 Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument is in southeastern Montana, U.S.A. It includes part of the
site of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, which took place on June 25, 1876.
20275 Little Rock (pop. 175,795; met. area pop. 513,117) is the capital and largest city of Arkansas, U.S.A. It
ranks as the state's chief trading and transportation centre.
20276 Livingston, Philip (1716-1778), an American statesman, was a signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence in 1776.
20277 Livingston, Robert R. (1746-1813), an American statesman, helped write the Declaration of
Independence in 1776.
20278 Livingston, William (1723-1790), was a signatory to the Constitution of the United States in 1787.
20279 Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett (1830-1917), was an American reformer and leader of the movement to
gain women the right to vote in the United States.
20280 Locofocos was a nickname given in the United States in 1835 to radical (favouring fundamental reform)
members of the New York Democratic Party.
20281 Logan Act is a United States law that prohibits private citizens from opening negotiations with a foreign
government on a dispute between that government and the United States.
20282 Logan, John Alexander (1826-1886), was an American political and military leader.
20283 Long is the name of the most powerful political American family in Louisiana history.
20284 Long, Jane (1798-1880), was called the Mother of Texas because of her spirited defence of her children
during pioneer days of the United States.
20285 Lopez, Nancy (1957-...), is an American golfer.
20286 Lovejoy, Elijah Parish (1802-1837), was an American clergyman and newspaper editor noted for his
opposition to slavery.
20287
Lowry, Lois (1937-...), is an American author whose fiction for young adults explores serious issues.
20288 Ludington, Sybil (1761-1839), was a heroine of the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20289 Lundy, Benjamin (1789-1839), was an American editor and a pioneer of the antislavery movement in the
United States.
20290
Lynch, Thomas, Jr. (1749-1779), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20291 Macdonald, John Sandfield (1812-1872), served as joint prime minister of the Province of Canada from
1862 to 1864.
20292 Macdonald, Ross (1915-1983), was the pen name of Kenneth Millar, an American writer of detective
novels that emphasize realism and violence.
20293 Mackenzie, Alexander (1822-1892), served as prime minister of Canada from 1873 to 1878.
20294 Mackenzie, William Lyon (1795-1861), was a Canadian political leader and journalist.
20295 Mackinac, Straits of, is an important link in the water route between Lake Michigan in the United States
and the Atlantic Ocean.
20296 Macphail, Agnes Campbell (1890-1954), was the first woman ever elected to the House of Commons in
Canada.
20297 Malevich, Kasimir (1878-1935), was a Russian artist who pioneered abstract painting in Russia.
20298 Mallory, Stephen Russell (1813?-1873), was secretary of the Confederate Navy during the American
Civil War (1861-1865). (The Confederate states were southern states that were in favour of slavery.)
Mallory was born on the Caribbean island of Trinidad
20299 Manning, Preston (1942-...), is a Canadian politician.
20300 Mansfield, Arabella Babb (1846-1911), was the first woman admitted to the practice of law in the United
States.
20301 Mansfield, Mike (1903-...), is an American politician.
20302 Marbury v. Madison was a famous legal case in the United States.
20303 March, Peyton Conway (1864-1955), was chief of staff of the United States Army during World War I
(1914-1918).
20304 Marino, Eugene Antonio (1934-...), became the first black American to be made an archbishop of the
Roman Catholic Church in the United States.
20305 Marshall, Thomas Riley (1854-1925), served as vice president of the United States from 1913 to 1921,
under President Woodrow Wilson.
20306 Marshall, Thurgood (1908-1993), was the first African American justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States.
20307 Mason, George (1725-1792), was a statesman from Virginia, U.S.A., who wrote the first American bill of
rights, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776.
20308 Mayo, Charles Horace (1865-1939), was a prominent American surgeon.
20309 McAfee, Mildred Helen (1900-1994), an American educator, was the first director of the women's reserve
of the United States Navy.
20310 McClung, Nellie (1873-1951), was a leading Canadian feminist and author.
20311 McCormack, John William (1891-1980), was an American politician.
20312 McCulloch v. Maryland was a celebrated case in United States legal history.
20313 McGovern, George Stanley (1922-...), is an American politician.
20314 McHenry, James (1753-1816), an American doctor and politician, was a signatory to the Constitution of
the United States in 1787.
20315 McKean, Thomas (1734-1817), an American statesman, was a signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence.
20316 McKissick, Floyd Bixler (1922-1991), was a black American civil rights leader.
20317 McLaughlin, Audrey Marlene (1936-...), served as leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from
1989 to 1995.
20318 McNaughton, Andrew George Latta (1887-1966), was a noted Canadian soldier of World War I (1914-
1918) and World War II (1939-1945).
20319 Medina, Harold Raymond (1888-1990), was a United States judge who presided over the trial of 11
American Communist Party leaders in 1949.
20320 Meighen, Arthur (1874-1960), was a Canadian lawyer and politician.
20321
Melcher, Frederic Gershom (1879-1963), was an important figure in publishing in the United States.
20322 Mellon Foundation, Andrew W. is an organization in the United States that grants funds to institutions in
a number of fields.
20323 Menninger Clinic, a non-profit-making organization in Topeka, Kansas, U.S.A., is one of the world's
leading psychiatric centres.
20324 Menninger, Karl Augustus (1893-1990), was an American psychiatrist whose writings influenced public
attitudes toward mental illness.
20325 Menninger, William Claire (1899-1966), was a leading American psychiatrist.
20326 Meredith, James Howard (1933-...), was the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi,
in the United States.
20327 Merrimack River flows through southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts, U.S.A. The
river is formed where the Winnepesaukee and Pemigewasset streams meet at Franklin, New
Hampshire.
20328
Mfume, Kweisi (1948-...), an American politician, became president and chief executive officer of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in the United States in 1996.
20329
Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A. (pop. 92,639), is one of North America's most famous resort centres.
20330 Micmac Indians are a people of eastern Canada.
20331
Middle Atlantic States of the United States of America are New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
20332
Middleton, Arthur (1742-1787), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20333 Midwestern States of the United States of America are Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
20334 Mifflin, Thomas (1744-1800), was an American politician.
20335 Miles, Nelson Appleton (1839-1925), was a noted American military officer.
20336 Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-1199) was the greatest leader of early medieval Japan.
20337 Minnesota River is a large branch of the Mississippi River in the United States.
20338 Miramichi River is an important waterway in New Brunswick, Canada.
20339 Miranda v. Arizona was an important legal case in which the Supreme Court of the United States limited
the power of police to question suspects.
20340 Mission life in North America thrived for more than 250 years in a belt of North America known as the
Spanish Borderlands.
20341 Mississauga (pop. 463,388) is one of the largest cities in Ontario, Canada.
20342 Missoula (pop. 42,918) is one of the largest cities in Montana, in the United States.
20343
Missouri Compromise was a plan agreed upon by the United States Congress in 1820 to settle the
debate over slavery as new territories joined the Union (that is, became part of the United States).
20344 Mitchel, John Purroy (1879-1918), an American politician, was elected reform mayor of New York City in
1913.
20345 Mobile River is a short river that helps drain the delta at the head of Mobile Bay in southwestern
Alabama in the United States.
20346 Mohawk Trail was a westward route across North America along the Mohawk River from the Hudson
River to the Great Lakes.
20347 Monte Alban was the capital and largest city of the empire of the Zapotec Indians.
20348 Montezuma Castle National Monument is in central Arizona, U.S.A. It contains a five-storey cliff-dwelling
ruin in a niche in the face of a cliff.
20349 Montmorency River is a short, swift river in Quebec, Canada.
20350 Morgan, John Hunt (1825-1864), was a Confederate general during the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
20351 Morgan, Lewis Henry (1818-1881), was an American anthropologist who founded the comparative
scientific study of kinship systems (family groupings).
20352 Morgenthau, Henry, Jr. (1891-1967), served as United States secretary of the treasury from 1934 to
1945 under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman.
20353 Morris, Esther Hobart (1814-1902), led the fight for women's suffrage (the right to vote) in Wyoming,
U.S.A. Through her efforts, the territory of Wyoming passed a women's suffrage law in 1869 that
became a model for later suffrage laws.
20354 Morris, Lewis (1726-1798), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20355
Morris, Robert (1734-1806), an American merchant and banker, was one of six people who signed both
the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the Constitution (1787) of the United States.
20356 Morrow, Dwight Whitney (1873-1931), was an American lawyer, banker, and diplomat.
20357 Morton, John (1724-1777), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence in 1776.
20358 Morton, Julius Sterling (1832-1902), an American political leader and nature lover, established the first
United States observance of Arbor Day, a day for planting trees (see ARBOR DAY).
20359 Morton, Levi Parsons (1824-1920), served as vice president of the United States from 1889 to 1893
under President Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901).
20360 Morton, Oliver Perry (1823-1877), an American politician, served as governor of the state of Indiana
during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and as a Republican United States senator from 1867 until
his death.
20361 Mosby, John Singleton (1833-1916), was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War (1861-
1865).
20362 Moton, Robert Russa (1867-1940), was an African American educator.
20363 Moultrie, William (1730-1805), was an American military leader during the American Revolution (1775-
1783).
20364 Mowat, Sir Oliver (1820-1903), a Canadian statesman, served as prime minister and attorney general of
Ontario from 1872 to 1896.
20365 Mudd, Samuel Alexander (1833-1883), was the doctor who set John Wilkes Booth's leg after Booth
assassinated United States President Abraham Lincoln in 1865.
20366 Mugwumps, in United States history, were influential Republicans who refused to support their party's
presidential candidate, James G. Blaine, in 1884.
20367 Muir Woods National Monument, near San Francisco, U.S.A., has one of California's most famous
groves of redwood trees (see REDWOOD; SEQUOIA).
20368 Munsey, Frank Andrew (1854-1925), was an American pioneer publisher of low-priced magazines and
newspapers.
20369 Murray, Philip (1886-1952), was an American trade union leader.
20370 Muskie, Edmund Sixtus (1914-1996), an American politician, served in the U.S. Senate from 1959 to
1980.
20371 Muskoka Lakes are a group of scenic lakes in the rocky uplands of southern Ontario, Canada.
20372 Nabrit, James Madison, Jr. (1900-...), an American lawyer, won fame as a university president and
diplomat.
20373 Nantucket, Massachusetts (pop. 6,012), is a summer resort on Nantucket Island, off the east coast of the
United States.
20374 Narragansett Indians were a Native American tribe that lived on the west side of Narragansett Bay, in
what is now Rhode Island in the United States.
20375 Nasby, Petroleum Vesuvius (1833-1888), was the pen name of David Ross Locke, a popular American
humorist.
20376
Natchez, Mississippi (pop. 19,460), is the oldest city on the Mississippi River, in the United States.
20377 National Aeronautic Association of the U.S.A., also called NAA, promotes the advancement of aviation
and space flight in the United States.
20378 National Archives, United States, is an independent agency that preserves and makes available for
public use the permanently valuable records of the United States government.
20379 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the
United States.
20380
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc., is an organization of black Baptists in the United States.
20381 National Motto, United States, is In God We Trust.
20382 National Republican Party was a political party in the United States that was formed in 1825 and was
active until 1834.
20383 National road, in United States history, was an important route for settlers travelling to the West.
20384 Naval Observatory, United States, is the oldest national observatory in the U.S. It was founded in 1830
and is operated by the U.S. Navy.
20385 Nelson River is the longest river in Manitoba, Canada.
20386
Nelson, Thomas, Jr. (1738-1789), an American soldier and statesman, served as a Virginia delegate to
the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777 and again in 1779 (see CONTINENTAL CONGRESS).
20387 Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a United States law that bans discrimination because of a person's colour,
race, national origin, religion, or sex.
20388 New Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in Canada.
20389 Newman, Barnett (1905-1970), an American painter, was a leading member of an artistic movement
known as abstract expressionism.
20390 Niagara Movement was an organization founded by African Americans to fight racial discrimination in the
United States.
20391 Nickel is the common name for a U.S. copper-nickel coin.
20392 Ochs, Adolph Simon (1858-1935), was an American publisher who became the guiding influence of The
New York Times.
20393 O'Connor, Sandra Day (1930-...), an American judge, became the first woman to serve as an associate
justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
20394 Omaha Indians are a Native American people who live mainly in northeast Nebraska, U.S.A. Many make
their homes on a reservation there.
20395 O'Reilly, Leonora (1870-1927), was an American labour leader and reformer.
20396 Oriental Exclusion Acts, in United States history, were a series of actions and acts that restricted and
prohibited Asians from entering the United States.
20397
Oshawa (pop. 129,344; met. area pop. 240,104) is an important industrial city in Ontario, Canada.
20398 Oswego (pop. 19,536), a city in New York state, U.S.A., is the easternmost port on the Great Lakes of
North America.
20399 Otis, James (1725-1783), was an American agitator against the United Kingdom (UK) in the period
before the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20400 Ottawa River is the chief branch of the St. Lawrence River and one of the most important waterways of
Canada.
20401 Ouachita River begins in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas, U.S.A., and flows east and then
south into the state of Louisiana.
20402 Owen, Ruth Bryan (1885-1954), was the first American woman chosen to represent the United States in
another country.
20403 Paca, William (1740-1799), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence for the state of
Maryland in 1776.
20404 Pacific coast states is a region in the western United States.
20405 Pacific Northwest includes all of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and western Montana.
20406 Paine, Robert Treat (1731-1814), an American statesman, was a signatory to the American Declaration
of Independence for the state of Massachusetts in 1776.
20407 Palmer, A. Mitchell (1872-1936), served as United States attorney general from 1919 to 1921 under
President Woodrow Wilson.
20408 Palmer, Joel (1810-1881), a Canadian statesman, won fame as a negotiator of important treaties with
the Native Americans in the United States.
20409 Parti Quebecois is a political party in Quebec, Canada.
20410 Pasadena, California (pop. 131,591), is a residential city in the United States.
20411
Patroon system in United States history, was a plan set up by the Dutch West India Company in 1629.
20412 Peace Bridge connects the United States and Canada.
20413 Pecos National Historical Park, in north-central New Mexico in the United States, contains ruins of the
ancient pueblo (village) of Pecos.
20414 Penn, John (1740-1788), was a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence for North
Carolina in 1776.
20415 Pensacola (pop. 58,165; met. area pop. 344,406) is the largest deepwater seaport in the state of Florida
in the United States.
20416 Perkins, Frances (1880-1965), became the first woman Cabinet member in the United States
government.
20417 Committees of correspondence were organized by towns, counties, and colonies in America before the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
20418 Petersburg (pop. 38,386) is a historic city in southeastern Virginia in the southern United States.
20419 Phi Beta Kappa is a fraternity (university society) in the United States that encourages scholarship in the
liberal arts and sciences.
20420 Pierce, Samuel Riley, Jr. (1922-...), served as secretary of the United States Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) from 1981 to 1989.
20421 Pinchback, P. B. S. (1837-1921), was a United States politician.
20422 Pinckney, Charles (1757-1824), was a signatory to the Constitution of the United States for South
Carolina in 1787.
20423 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth (1746-1825), a planter, politician, and diplomat, was a signatory to the
Constitution of the United States for South Carolina in 1787.
20424 Pine siskin is a small finch that lives in North America.
20425 Pipe Spring National Monument is in northwestern Arizona in the United States, on the Kaibab Indian
reservation.
20426 Placentia, Newfoundland (pop. 1,954), is the site of an early French settlement in North America.
20427 Platte River is the most important river in Nebraska in the United States.
20428 Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning
racial segregation.
20429 Point four program, in the United States, was a foreign aid programme of U.S. President Harry S.
Truman.
20430 Polk, Leonidas (1806-1864), an Episcopal bishop, was a Confederate general in the American Civil War
(1861-1865).
20431 Poole, Ernest (1880-1950), was an American novelist, playwright, and short-story writer.
20432 Pope (?-1688?) was a Pueblo Indian leader.
20433 Portobelo (pop. 2,774), a village on the Caribbean coast of Panama, was one of the chief Spanish
trading centres in Latin America.
20434 Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychological illness in which people repeatedly remember, relive, or
dream about a terrible experience.
20435 Potomac River is a beautiful and historic river that forms the boundary between Maryland, West Virginia,
and Virginia in the United States.
20436 Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. (1908-1972), was an American political and religious leader in New York
City's Harlem area.
20437 Prairie provinces, in Canada, are the three provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.
20438 Prescott, Samuel (1751-1777?), was an American doctor and patriot who, at the start of the American
Revolution (1775-1783), warned the American colonists at Concord, Massachusetts, that the British
were planning an attack.
20439 Prince Rupert (pop. 16,620) is a city in British Columbia, Canada.
20440 Princeton (pop. 25,214) is a town in New Jersey in the United States.
20441 Prosser, Gabriel (1775?-1800), was a black slave in America.
20442 Pullman strike, also called the Chicago Strike, was a violent labour dispute in the United States that took
place in 1894.
20443 Putnam, Israel (1718-1790), was an American general in the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20444 Putnam, Rufus (1738-1824), a general in the American Revolution (1775-1783), became known as the
founder of Ohio.
20445 Pyle, Ernie (1900-1945), an American journalist, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for his reporting.
20446 Quantrill, William Clarke (1837-1865), was the leader of a Confederate (Southern) guerrilla band during
the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20447 Raleigh (pop. 207,951), is the capital of the U.S. state of North Carolina and is an educational, research,
and trade centre.
20448 Randolph, A. Philip (1889-1979), an American, played a leading role in the struggle for black rights in the
United States from the 1920's to the 1960's.
20449 Randolph, Edmund (1753-1813), an American statesman from the state of Virginia, presented the
famous Virginia Plan to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
20450 Randolph, Edward (1632?-1703), was a British agent in the American colony of New England.
20451 Rankin, Jeannette (1880-1973), was the first woman to be elected to the United States Congress.
20452 Rayburn, Sam (1882-1961), an American Democrat politician, served longer as Speaker of the United
States House of Representatives than any other person.
20453 Read, George (1733-1798), a lawyer and statesman from the state of Delaware, was one of six people
who signed both the American Declaration of Independence (1776) and the Constitution of the United
States.
20454 Red River, so called because of the red-coloured sediment it carries, forms much of the boundary
between the states of Oklahoma and Texas, in the United States.
20455
Red River of the north, also called Red River, is a major waterway of the United States and Canada.
20456 Redwood National Park, in northern California, U.S.A., is in the huge forest of redwood trees that grows
along the Pacific Coast from central California to southern Oregon.
20457 Reform Party is a conservative political party in Canada.
20458 Reid, Whitelaw (1837-1912), was an American journalist and diplomat.
20459 Reno, Marcus Albert (1834-1889), was a United States Army officer who became known for his role in
the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana Territory in 1876.
20460
Revels, Hiram Rhodes (1822-1901), was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate.
20461 Ribbon Falls is a waterfall that looks like a narrow ribbon as it drops 491 metres in the Yosemite National
Park in California, U.S.A. It is one of the highest waterfalls in the world.
20462
Rice, Grantland (1880-1954), was the first American journalist to gain fame by writing about sport.
20463 Robinson, James Harvey (1863-1936), was an American historian and educator.
20464 Rocky Mountain National Park, in northern Colorado, U.S.A., is one of the most magnificent sections of
the Rocky Mountains.
20465 Rocky Mountain states are the states of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming in the
U.S.A. Arizona and New Mexico are also sometimes considered Rocky Mountain States, as well as
Southwestern States.
20466 Rodney, Caesar (1728-1784), an American statesman, was a Delaware signatory to the American
Declaration of Independence (1776).
20467 Rogers, Carl Ransom (1902-1987), was an American psychologist.
20468 Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. (1887-1944), an American, was the eldest son of President Theodore
Roosevelt.
20469
Rose, Sir John (1820-1888), was minister of finance in the government of the Dominion of Canada from
1867 to 1869, during the first term of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (see CANADA, HISTORY OF).
20470 Rosecrans, William Starke (1819-1898), was a Union (Northern) general in the American Civil War
(1861-1865).
20471 Ross, George (1730-1779), a lawyer from Pennsylvania, signed the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20472 Ross, Harold Wallace (1892-1951), an American, founded The New Yorker magazine and edited it for
26 years until his death.
20473 Ross, Nellie Tayloe (1876-1977), an American politician and public official, was the first woman governor
of a U.S. state.
20474 Royall, Anne Newport (1769-1854), was an early American newspaperwoman.
20475 Rudolph, Wilma (1940-1994), was an American athlete.
20476
Ruffin, Edmund (1794-1865), was a noted American agriculturist and a strong supporter of slavery.
20477 Russwurm, John Brown (1799-1851), was an early spokesman against slavery and an important figure
in a black American "back-to-Africa" movement.
20478 Rustin, Bayard, (1910-1987), was an American civil rights leader.
20479 Rutledge, Ann (1813-1835), became famous as President Abraham Lincoln's first sweetheart.
20480 Rutledge, Edward (1749-1800), a lawyer and statesman from South Carolina, was a signatory to the
American Declaration of Independence (1776).
20481
Rutledge, John (1739-1800), was a South Carolina signatory to the Constitution of the United States.
20482 Saint John (pop. 74,969; met. area pop. 124,981) is the largest city and leading industrial centre of the
Canadian province of New Brunswick.
20483 Saint John River is the main waterway of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
20484 Saint Marys River in Canada carries the waters of Lake Superior into Lake Huron.
20485 Saint Paul (pop. 272,235) is the capital and second largest city of Minnesota, U.S.A. Minneapolis, St.
Paul's "twin city," has a larger population.
20486 Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupre is a Roman Catholic shrine in Montmorency County, in the Canadian province
of Quebec.
20487
Salem, Peter (1750?-1816), was a former black American slave who fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill.
20488 Salomon, Haym (1740-1785), was an American banker and patriot.
20489 Salter, Susanna Madora (1860-1961), was the first woman to be elected to serve as a mayor in the
United States.
20490
Sampson, Deborah (1760-1827), served in the American Revolution (1775-1783) disguised as a man.
20491 Samuelson, Paul Anthony (1915-...), is an American economist who won the 1970 Nobel Prize for
economics.
20492 San Jose Scale is an insect pest that feeds on many kinds of fruit trees, shade trees, and ornamental
shrubs.
20493 Sande, Earl (1898-1968), was an American jockey.
20494 Sandia National Laboratories is one of the largest centres in the United States for the development of
nuclear weapons systems.
20495 Sanford, Maria L. (1836-1920), was one of the first woman professors in the United States.
20496 Scalia, Antonin (1936-...), became the first American of Italian descent to serve as an associate justice of
the Supreme Court of the United States.
20497 Schindler, Oskar (1908-1974), was a German businessman who saved more than 1,200 Jews from
almost certain death during the Holocaust (see HOLOCAUST).
20498 Schlafly, Phyllis Stewart (1924-...), is a leading American supporter of the view that the traditional role of
women is to act as mothers and homemakers.
20499 Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, Jr. (1917-...), is an American historian.
20500 Schreyer, Edward Richard (1935-...), was governor general of Canada from 1979 to 1984.
20501
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883-1950), was a Czech-born American economist who gained prominence
for his studies of economic growth, business cycles, and the conflict between capitalism and socialism.
20502 Schurz, Carl (1829-1906), was a German-born reformer and campaigner for civil rights, as an editor, as
a soldier, and as a political leader in the United States.
20503
Schuyler, Philip John (1733-1804), was an American general in the Continental Army (which fought the
British) and a delegate of the Continental Congress during the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20504 Schwitters, Kurt (1887-1948), was a German artist known for creating pictures out of glued paper and
other objects.
20505 Scottsboro case was one of the most important legal cases of the civil rights movement in the United
States.
20506 Scripps, Edward Wyllis (1854-1926), was a famous American journalist who started the first newspaper
chain in the United States.
20507 Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States reads, "A well-regulated militia, being
necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed." The amendment, part of the Bill of Ri
20508 Secord, Laura Ingersoll (1775-1868), was the most famous Canadian heroine of the War of 1812, when
the Americans, British, and Native Americans were fighting for control of what is now the area of
southern Ontario.
20509 Seddon, James Alexander (1815-1880), served as a statesman for the Confederate states (the southern
states that were in favour of slavery) during most of the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20510 Selkirk Mountains, a Canadian range in southeastern British Columbia, extend north from the Canada-
United States boundary to the Columbia River.
20511
Selsam, Millicent Ellis (1912-1996), was an American author of introductory science books for children.
20512 Semmes, Raphael (1809-1877), an American rear admiral in the Confederate (Southern) Navy,
commanded the famous ship Alabama during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20513 Seton, Saint Elizabeth Ann (1774-1821), was the first person born in the United States to be recognized
as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.
20514 Severus, Lucius Septimius (A.D. 146-211), a Roman emperor, reorganized the administration of the
army and the provinces.
20515 Sewall, Samuel (1652-1730), was a judge at the famous Salem witchcraft trials in the Massachusetts
Bay Colony in North America in 1692.
20516 Seymour, Horatio (1810-1886), was a leading Democratic politician in the state of New York, U.S.A.,
from the 1840's to the 1860's.
20517 Sforza, Ludovico (1451-1508), an Italian prince, was the ruler of Milan and the surrounding region of
Lombardy from 1479 to 1499.
20518 Shaw, Anna Howard (1847-1919), was an American leader in the campaign for women's rights.
20519 Shay's Rebellion was a revolt by debtor farmers and their families that took place in Massachusetts,
U.S.A., in 1786 and 1787.
20520 Shenandoah National Park lies in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, U.S.A. Most of the
park is wilderness.
20521 Sherman, James Schoolcraft (1855-1912), served as vice president of the United States from 1909 to
1912 under President William Howard Taft.
20522
Shields, James (1806-1879), served as governor of the Oregon Territory, U.S.A., and as a brigadier
general of volunteers in the Mexican War (1846-1848) and the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20523 Shirley, William (1694-1771), served as governor of the American colony of Massachusetts from 1741 to
1756.
20524
Shriver, Sargent (1915-...), was the Democratic nominee for vice president of the United States in 1972.
20525
Compromise of 1850 was a series of acts passed in 1850, by which the United States Congress hoped
to settle the strife between opponents of slavery in the North and slaveowners in the South.
20526 Sigma xi is an honorary scientific society in the United States.
20527 Simon, Herbert Alexander (1916-...), is an American scientist known for his work in economics,
psychology, and computer science.
20528 Sioux Indians traditionally lived throughout the northern plains of North America.
20529 Siqueiros, David (1896-1974), was a Mexican painter famous for his vigorous and colourful murals on
political themes.
20530 Skeena River, in Canada, is one of the most valuable salmon fishing grounds in the world.
20531 Slayton, Donald Kent (1924-1993), was one of the original seven United States astronauts, and a
member of the first joint space mission with the Soviet Union.
20532 Sleep apnoea is a disorder in which pauses in breathing occur during sleep.
20533 Smalls, Robert (1839-1915), was an African American who became a Union (Northern) hero during the
American Civil War (1861-1865).
20534 Smith, Edmund Kirby (1824-1893), was a Confederate (Southern) general in the American Civil War
(1861-1865).
20535 Smith, James (1719?-1806), was a Pennsylvania signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20536 Smith, Margaret Chase (1897-1995), was the first woman to be elected to both houses of the United
States Congress.
20537 Sokol is an international organization that stresses physical fitness and moral strength.
20538 Solow, Robert Merton (1924-...), is an American economist known for his contributions to the theory of
economic growth.
20539 Sons of Liberty was a group of patriotic societies that sprang up in the American colonies before the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
20540 Sons of the American Revolution is a patriotic organization in the United States.
20541 South Arabia, Federation of, was a union of 17 small states at the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula
in the 1950's and 1960's.
20542 Southampton Island is an island in Canada's Northwest Territories.
20543 Southern states of the United States are Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West
Virginia.
20544 Southwestern states are Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
20545 Spaatz, Carl (1891-1974), was the first chief of staff of the United States Air Force.
20546 Spaight, Richard Dobbs (1758-1802), was a North Carolina signatory to the Constitution of the United
States in 1776.
20547 Spencer, Anna Garlin (1851-1931), was an American reformer, minister, and educator.
20548 Spotswood, Alexander (1676-1740), was a lieutenant governor of the American colony of Virginia.
20549 Stanley of Preston, Baron (1841-1908), served as governor general of Canada from 1888 to 1893.
20550 Stanton, Edwin McMasters (1814-1869), an American statesman, served as secretary of war in the
Cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln.
20551 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1815-1902), was an early leader of the women's rights movement in the United
States.
20552
Stark, John (1728-1822), was a leading American general in the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20553 Statuary hall is a room in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., that houses statues of
outstanding citizens from many states.
20554 Stegner, Wallace (1909-1993), was an American author best known for his fiction set in the North
American Great Plains and the mountains of the American and Canadian West.
20555 Stephen, George (1829-1921), was a Canadian financier.
20556 Stephens, Alexander Hamilton (1812-1883), was vice president of the Confederate States of America
during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20557 Stiegel, Henry William (1729-1785), was an early American manufacturer of fine glass.
20558 Stilwell, Joseph Warren (1883-1946), commanded all the United States forces in the China-Burma-India
theatre of war during World War II (1939-1945).
20559 Stockton, Richard (1730-1781), was a New Jersey signatory to the United States Declaration of
Independence in 1776.
20560 Stone, Lucy (1818-1893), helped organize the women's rights movement in the United States.
20561 Stone, Thomas (1743-1787), was a Maryland signatory to the United States Declaration of
Independence in 1776.
20562 Strathcona and Mount Royal, Baron of (1820-1914), Donald Alexander Smith, was a Canadian fur
trader, railway builder, financier, statesman, and philanthropist.
20563 Stress test, also called exercise stress test or stress ECG, is a test that measures the functioning of the
heart during physical exercise.
20564
Stuart, Jeb (1833-1864), was a Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20565 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), in the United States, was a civil rights organization
during the 1960's.
20566 Sudbury (pop. 92,884; met. area pop. 157,613), in southeastern Ontario, Canada, is a world centre of
nickel production.
20567 Sullivan, Anne Mansfield (1866-1936), was the American teacher of Helen Keller, a deaf and blind
woman who won international fame.
20568 Sullivan, Leon Howard (1922-...), an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader, organizes
economic self-help programmes for African Americans.
20569 Sulzberger, Arthur Hays (1891-1968), an American newspaper executive, was the publisher of The New
York Times from 1935 to 1961.
20570 Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs (1926-...), was the publisher of The New York Times from 1963 until his
retirement in 1992.
20571 Sumner, Charles (1811-1874), was a statesman and antislavery leader in the United States.
20572 Sydenham, Baron (1799-1841), was a British statesman and governor general of Canada from 1839 to
1841.
20573 Szoka, Edmund Casimir Cardinal (1927-...), an American priest, was appointed a cardinal of the Roman
Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1988.
20574 Szold, Henrietta (1860-1945), an American social worker, founded Hadassah, the largest Jewish
women's organization in the world.
20575 Tae Kwon Do is a Korean martial art that resembles the Japanese technique called karate.
20576 Tammany, Society of, also called the Columbian Order, was founded in New York City in 1789 by
William Mooney.
20577 Taney, Roger Brooke (1777-1864), was one of the foremost chief justices of the United States.
20578 Tarascan Indians live on the high plateaus of west-central Mexico, in what is now the state of
Michoacan.
20579 Tarbela Dam in Pakistan is one of the largest dams in the world.
20580 Tarbell, Ida Minerva (1857-1944), an American author, was a leader in the muckraking movement of the
early 1900's which attacked dishonesty in politics and business.
20581 Taxol is a drug used to treat advanced cancers of the breast and ovaries.
20582 Taylor, George (1716-1781), was a Pennsylvania signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20583 Taylor, Maxwell Davenport (1901-...), gained fame as a United States general in World War II (1939-
1945) and in the Korean War (1950-1953).
20584 Taylor, Mildred D. (1943-...), is one of America's leading authors of children's books.
20585 Taylor, Paul (1930-...), is an American choreographer (dance creator).
20586 Teamsters Union is one of the largest trade unions in the United States.
20587 Teasdale, Sara (1884-1933), was an American lyric poet.
20588 Teflon is a trade name for polytetrafluoroethylene, a type of synthetic (artificially made) material that is
used in cookware, insulation, and many other products.
20589 Tehuelche Indians lived in the southern part of what is now Argentina in South America, from about the
Negro River south to the Strait of Magellan.
20590 Telemarketing is the selling of goods or services by telephone.
20591 Teletypewriter was an electromechanical typewriter that transmitted impulses over a wire to a receiver
that printed the message.
20592 Teniers, David, the Younger (1610-1690), was a Flemish painter.
20593 Tennent, Gilbert (1703-1764), was a colonial American religious leader.
20594 Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River in the United States.
20595 Terrell, Mary Church (1863-1954), an African American, joined the struggle to gain equal rights for all
African Americans in the 1890's.
20596 Teton Range is a rugged group of Rocky Mountain peaks south of Yellowstone National Park in western
Wyoming, U.S.A. The highest peak is Grand Teton (4,197 metres).
20597 Thomas, Clarence (1948-...), became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in
1991.
20598 Thomas, Martha Carey (1857-1935), was an American educator who fought for equal educational
opportunities for women.
20599 Thompson (pop. 14,977), is one of the world's leading centres of nickel production.
20600 Thompson, Benjamin (1753-1814), was an American-born scientist and political figure.
20601 Thompson, Sir John Sparrow David (1844-1894), served as prime minister of Canada from 1892 until his
death two years later.
20602 Thornton, Matthew (1714-1803), was a New Hampshire signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20603 Tilden, Bill (1893-1953), was an American tennis star who won the United States Championships (now
the U.S. Open) from 1920 to 1925, and in 1929.
20604 Tilley, Sir Samuel Leonard (1818-1896), served as premier of the Canadian colony of New Brunswick
from 1861 to 1865, and again in 1866.
20605 Timpanogos Cave National Monument is in northern Utah, U.S.A. It contains limestone caverns with
hundreds of stalactites, stalagmites, and helictites in varied colours.
20606 Toltec Indians established an empire in the highlands of central Mexico during the A.D. 900's.
20607 Tompkins, Daniel D. (1774-1825), served as vice president of the United States from 1817 to 1825
under President James Monroe.
20608 Tonto National Monument in south-central Arizona, U.S.A., contains ancient cliff dwellings.
20609 Toombs, Robert Augustus (1810-1885), was a leading Southern politician during the American Civil War
(1861-1865).
20610 Towhee is any of several small birds related to the sparrows.
20611
Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest car manufacturer in Japan and one of the largest in the world.
20612 Traveller's-tree is a tropical evergreen that resembles a giant fan.
20613
Treblinka was a death camp near Warsaw in German-occupied Poland during World War II (1939-1945).
20614
Triborough Bridge connects three boroughs of New York City--Manhattan, the Bronx, and Queens.
20615 Triceratops was a large, horned, plant-eating dinosaur that lived about 65 million years ago in what is
now the western part of North America.
20616 Tristan, or Tristram, was a legendary medieval knight whose love affair with Princess Isolt (Isolde)
became one of the most famous love stories of all time.
20617
Trudeau, Garry (1948-...), is an American cartoonist best known for his comic strip "Doonesbury." The
comic strip has gained fame and stirred controversy with its strong political and social satire.
20618 Trumbull, John (1756-1843), an American artist, became known for his paintings of scenes of the
American Revolution (1775-1783).
20619 Trumbull, Lyman (1813-1896), was an American political leader.
20620 Tsimshian Indians once ranked among the wealthiest tribes in the North American continent.
20621 Tupi-Guarani Indians formed many tribes that lived in eastern and central South America.
20622 Tupper, Sir Charles (1821-1915), served as prime minister of Canada for about 10 weeks in 1896.
20623 Turkish bath is a type of bath that involves exposure to dry heat, moist heat, massage, and cold.
20624 Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861-1932), was an American historian.
20625 Turner, John Napier (1929-...), served as prime minister of Canada for 21/2 months in 1984, following
the resignation of Prime Minister Pierre E. Trudeau.
20626 Turner, Ted (1938-...), is an American broadcasting executive.
20627 Tweed, William Marcy (1823-1878), was an American politician who swindled New York City out of
millions of dollars.
20628 Tyler, Anne (1941-...), is an American author whose novels reveal sensitive truths about the
contemporary family.
20629 Tyler, Moses Coit (1835-1900), became the first great authority on early American literature.
20630 Tyler, Royall (1757-1826), was an American playwright and lawyer.
20631 Un-American Activities Committee was an investigating committee of the United States House of
Representatives.
20632 Uncas (1588?-1683?) was a chief of the Mohegan Indians in Connecticut in colonial America.
20633
Uniform resource locator (URL) is an address on the global network of computers known as the Internet.
20634 United Church of Canada is the largest Protestant church in Canada.
20635 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, an agency of the United Nations (UN), works to protect
the rights and freedoms of all people.
20636 United Parcel Service (UPS) is the largest package delivery company in the United States.
20637 United States capitals. The U.S. government had no permanent capital until 1800, when it took up
residence in Washington, D.C.
20638 Univalve is the name given to a class of molluscs whose shells are in one piece.
20639 Upland sandpiper is a bird of the sandpiper family that lives on the North American continent.
20640 Urban League is an organization in the United States that works to end racial discrimination and to
increase the economic and political power of blacks and other minority groups.
20641 Uric acid is a nitrogen-containing chemical produced in the digestive system during the breakdown of
many foods.
20642 Ute Indians are a tribe of the Western United States.
20643 Vallandigham, Clement Laird (1820-1871), a United States politician, criticized the policies of President
Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20644 Van Allsburg, Chris (1949-...), is an American author and illustrator of children's books.
20645 Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison (1901-1967), an American physicist, invented the electrostatic generator
named after him.
20646 Vance, Cyrus Roberts (1917-...), served as United States secretary of state from 1977 to 1980 under
President Jimmy Carter.
20647 Vanier, Georges Philias (1888-1967), served as governor general of Canada from 1959 to 1967.
20648 Vassar College is a coeducational liberal arts university at Poughkeepsie, New York, U.S.A. It is
privately controlled and offers courses in languages and literature, arts, physical sciences, and social
sciences.
20649
Vassar, Matthew (1792-1868), was an American brewer who founded Vassar College in New York state.
20650 Velcro is the trade name for a fastening device made up of tiny hooks that mesh with tiny loops.
20651 Vercheres, Marie Madeleine Jarret de (1678-1747), was a French-Canadian heroine who led the
defence of a fort against a Native American attack.
20652 Verdin is a small, yellow-headed bird that lives in the arid portions of the southwestern United States and
of Mexico.
20653 Vesey, Denmark (1767?-1822), planned a slave revolt that involved more blacks than any other uprising
in United States history.
20654 Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a monument in Washington, D.C., built in honour of the Americans who
served in the Vietnam War (1957-1975).
20655 Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Comte de (1838-1889), a French writer, was a leading figure in a movement
called symbolism.
20656 Virginius Massacre was an incident in 1873 that almost started a war between the United States and
Spain.
20657 Vitiligo is a noninfectious disease in which people develop white spots on the skin.
20658
Voice of America (VOA) is the primary official worldwide broadcasting service of the United States.
20659 Volcker, Paul Adolph (1927-...), a United States economist, served as chairman of the Board of
Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System (FRS) from 1979 to 1987.
20660 Volstead Act, in United States history, provided for the enforcing of national prohibition of the use of
intoxicating liquor.
20661 Waksman, Selman Abraham (1888-1973), was an American bacteriologist who made important
contributions to soil microbiology and to the development of antibiotics.
20662 Wald, George (1906-...), an American biochemist, determined how chemical changes in the retina
enable a person to see.
20663 Walker, Alice (1944-...), is an African American writer.
20664 Walker, Mary Edwards (1832-1919), was the only woman to receive the Medal of Honor, the highest
military award given by the United States government.
20665 Wallace, George Corley (1919-...), an American political leader, stood unsuccessfully for president in
1968, 1972, and 1976.
20666 Wallace, Henry Agard (1888-1965), served as vice president of the United States from 1941 to 1945
under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
20667 Walnut Canyon National Monument is in central Arizona, U.S.A. It contains 800-year-old cliff-dwelling
ruins in shallow caves.
20668 Walter, Thomas Ustick (1804-1887), an American architect, became noted for his buildings in the Greek
Revival style.
20669 Walton, George (1741-1804), a Georgia signatory to the American Declaration of Independence (1776),
was governor and chief justice of Georgia several times.
20670 Warner, Seth (1743-1784), was an American soldier in the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20671 Warren, Earl (1891-1974), served as chief justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969.
20672 Warren, Joseph (1741-1775), was a leading statesman in the colony of Massachusetts in the period
before the American Revolution (1775-1783).
20673 Warren, Mercy Otis (1728-1814), was a colonial American writer.
20674 Wasatch Range is a mountain range that extends about 257 kilometres between southern Idaho and
central Utah, U.S.A. Its western face, known as the Wasatch Front, forms the western edge of the Rocky
Mountains and the eastern rim of the Great Basin.
20675 Washington Cathedral, also called the National Cathedral, is an Episcopal church in Washington, D.C.,
U.S.A. Its official name is the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul.
20676 Washington, Harold (1922-1987), an American politician, won election as the first African American
mayor of Chicago in 1983.
20677 Washington, Martha Custis (1731-1802), was the wife of George Washington.
20678 Washington's Birthday is celebrated as a national holiday in the United States on the third Monday in
February.
20679 Washoe Indians, also spelled Washo, live in California and Nevada near Lake Tahoe in the United
States.
20680 Wasserstein, Wendy (1950-...), is an American dramatist whose most successful plays deal with feminist
themes.
20681 Watauga Association was a group of settlers who, in 1772, formed the first white community
independent of colonial government in what is now the United States.
20682 Watie, Stand (1806-1871), became the only Native American brigadier general to serve in the
Confederate (Southern) Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20683 Watson, Homer (1855-1936), was a Canadian landscape painter.
20684 Watterson, Henry (1840-1921), an American newspaper editor, won the 1918 Pulitzer Prize for editorial
writing.
20685 Webster-Ashburton Treaty was an agreement between the United States and Great Britain (now called
the United Kingdom).
20686 Weller, Thomas Huckle (1915-...), an American research biologist, shared the 1954 Nobel Prize for
physiology or medicine with John F. Enders and Frederick C. Robbins (see ENDERS, JOHN
FRANKLIN).
20687 Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell (1862-1931), was an American journalist and reformer.
20688 West, Benjamin (1738-1820), was an American artist who became famous for his large pictures of
historical subjects.
20689 West, Jessamyn (1907-1984), was an American author.
20690 Westermarck, Edward Alexander (1862-1939), was a Finnish anthropologist.
20691 Westerns are works of literature and films that deal with the American West.
20692 Westmoreland, William Childs (1914-...), an American general, commanded United States forces in the
Vietnam War (1957-1975) from 1964 to 1968.
20693 Wheeler, Joseph (1836-1906), was an American soldier who served in campaigns against Native
Americans before he joined the Confederate (Southern) Army in 1861, at the beginning of the American
Civil War (1861-1865).
20694 Whipple, William (1730-1785), was a New Hampshire signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20695 Whirlwind is a whirling mass of air.
20696 White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, U.S.A., is the main missile testing site of the United States
Army.
20697 White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, U.S.A. (pop. 2,779), is a famous health resort, named after its
mineral springs.
20698 White, Stanford (1853-1906), was a leading American architect.
20699 White, Walter Francis (1893-1955), was an American civil rights leader.
20700 White, William Allen (1868-1944), was an American newspaper editor whose influence was felt
throughout the United States.
20701 Whitefly is the name of about 1,200 species of tiny insects that damage plants.
20702
Whitman Mission National Historic Site is in southeastern Washington, U.S.A. It includes the site of a
Native American mission and school established in 1836 by Marcus Whitman and his wife.
20703 Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964), was an American mathematician who did fundamental work in the analysis
of numerical information.
20704 Wiggin, Kate Douglas (1856-1923), was an American writer of books for children.
20705 Wigglesworth, Michael (1631-1705), was a Puritan pastor, doctor, and poet of colonial New England
(now in the U.S.A.).
20706 Wilbur, Richard (1921-...), is an American poet.
20707 Wilder, L. Douglas (1931-...), the first elected black governor in the United States, was the chief
executive of Virginia from 1990 to 1994.
20708 Wilkes, Charles (1798-1877), was an American explorer and naval officer.
20709 Williams, Bert (1874?-1922), was an African American comedian.
20710 Williamson, Hugh (1735-1819), an American scientist, writer, doctor, and politician, was a North Carolina
signatory to the Constitution of the United States.
20711 Willkie, Wendell Lewis (1892-1944), was the Republican candidate for president of the United States in
1940, when Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for a third term.
20712 Wilmot Proviso was a legal amendment proposed in 1846 that would have banned slavery in any
territory acquired by the United States from Mexico.
20713 Wilson, August (1945-...), is a leading African American playwright.
20714
Wilson, Edith Bolling (1872-1961), was one of the most influential first ladies in United States history.
20715 Wilson, Ethel (1890-1980), was a Canadian author.
20716 Wilson, James (1742-1798), a prominent American lawyer, was one of six people who signed both the
American Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution of the United States.
20717 Wilson, Lanford (1937-...), is a notable American playwright.
20718 Winchell, Walter (1897-1972), an American newspaperman and commentator, became important for
making the gossip column a regular newspaper feature in America.
20719 Wind shear is a sudden change of wind speed or direction over a short distance.
20720 Winnebago Indians were an eastern woodland tribe of Native Americans.
20721 Winnemucca, Sarah (1844?-1891), was a Native American who won fame for her criticism of the U.S.
government's mistreatment of her people.
20722 Winnipeg River is part of the Saskatchewan-Nelson river system that empties into Hudson Bay in
northeastern Canada.
20723 Winterberry, sometimes called black alder, is a shrub related to the American holly.
20724
Wintun Indians, also spelled Wintuan, are a group of three tribes of Native Americans from the
Sacramento Valley of north-central California, U.S.A. The tribes are the Wintu, Nomlaki, and Patwin.
20725 Wise, Isaac Mayer (1819-1900), a prominent American rabbi, is generally considered the pioneer of
Reform Judaism in the United States.
20726 Wise, Stephen Samuel (1874-1949), was one of the best-known American Jewish leaders.
20727 Witherspoon, John (1723-1794), was a leader in American political, religious, and educational life.
20728 Wolcott, Oliver (1726-1797), an American statesman, was a Connecticut signatory to the American
Declaration of Independence (1776).
20729
Woodhull, Victoria Claflin (1838-1927), was the first woman to run for president of the United States.
20730 Woodson, Carter Goodwin (1875-1950), is widely regarded as the leading writer on black history of his
time.
20731 Worden, Alfred Merrill (1932-...), a United States astronaut, was the command module pilot on the Apollo
15 mission.
20732 Wounded Knee, now a village on the Pine Ridge Sioux Indian Reservation of South Dakota, U.S.A., was
the site of two famous events in Native American history.
20733 Wright, John Joseph Cardinal (1909-1979), was appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in
1969 by Pope Paul VI. That same year, the pope made Wright prefect (head) of the Vatican
Congregation of the Clergy, which is responsible for the spiri
20734 Wu, Chien-shiung (1912-...), an American experimental physicist, helped disprove the law of the
conservation of parity (see PARITY [physics]).
20735 Wupatki National Monument is in northern Arizona, U.S.A. It contains prehistoric dwellings, built by
Native Americans.
20736 Wylie, Elinor (1885-1928), was an American poet.
20737 Wylie, Philip Gordon (1902-1971), was an American novelist and a critic of contemporary life.
20738 Wythe, George (1726-1806), an American statesman, was a signatory to the American Declaration of
Independence (1776).
20739 Yanomami Indians of South America live in rainforests and scattered grasslands along the Brazil-
Venezuela border.
20740 Yaqui Indians are a tribe that lives in Mexico, and the states of Arizona and California in the United
States.
20741 Yates, Elizabeth (1905-...), is an American author.
20742 Yokuts Indians are a group of tribes who once lived in south-central California, U.S.A., in the San
Joachin Valley and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
20743 Yonkers, New York, U.S.A. (pop. 188,082), is an important manufacturing centre that forms part of the
New York City metropolitan area.
20744 Yorktown, Virginia, U.S.A., is a historic village on the York River.
20745
Yosemite Falls, in Yosemite National Park, California, U.S.A., is one of the world's highest waterfalls.
20746 Youville, Saint Marguerite d' (1701-1771), was the first native-born Canadian to be honoured as a saint
by the Roman Catholic Church.
20747 Yuan is the basic unit of currency in China.
20748 Yurok Indians originally lived in northern California, U.S.A., along the Klamath River and the Pacific
coast.
20749 Zapotec Indians developed an empire in what is now the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico from about
1500 B.C. to A.D. 750.
20750
Zeolite is any of a group of crystalline mineral compounds whose framework of atoms forms microscopic
tunnels and "rooms." The internal structure of zeolites makes them useful as filters and catalysts.
20751 Zion National Park lies in southwestern Utah, U.S.A. It has many colourful canyons, some of which are
extremely narrow and have steep, plunging walls.
20752 Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe (1939-...), an American composer, became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize
in music.
20753 Losey, Joseph (1909-1984), an American film director, made his most successful films while working in
the United Kingdom (UK) and France.
20754 Abbott was the name of two sisters who were American social-work pioneers.
20755 Allen, William (1803-1879), a U.S. politician, served as an Ohio Democrat in the United States House of
Representatives from 1833 to 1835 and in the U.S. Senate from 1837 to 1849.
20756 Benjamin, Judah Philip (1811-1884), was a United States lawyer and statesman who was active in the
Confederate (Southern) cause during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
20757 Curtis, Charles (1860-1936), served as 31st vice president of the United States under President Herbert
Hoover.
20758 Hope, John (1868-1936), was an African American educator.
20759 Monterey (pop. 31,954) is a port city in California in the United States.
20760 Providence (pop. 160,782) is the capital and largest city of Rhode Island in the United States.
20761
Thomson, Charles (1729-1824), an American political leaders, served as secretary of the Continental
Congress from 1774 to 1781, and secretary of the Congress of the Confederation from 1781 to 1789.
20762
Democratic-Republican Party was a political party in the United States established in the United States
of America during the 1790's under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
20763 Fabian Society, is a group of British socialists.
20764 Great Awakening is the name given to a series of religious revivals in the American Colonies during the
mid-1700's.
20765 Groseilliers, Sieur des (1618?-1696?), was a French explorer and fur trader.
20766 Kilauea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii.
20767 McKay, Alexander (1770?-1811), also spelled MacKay, was a Canadian fur trader and explorer.
20768 Open-Door Policy is a term used in international relations.
20769 Paul, Alice (1885-1977), became one of the first American leaders of the movement for equal rights for
women.
20770 Sampras, Pete (1971-...), an American tennis champion, ranked as the number one player in the world
for several years in the 1990's.
20771 Tilden, Samuel Jones (1814-1886), was the Democratic nominee in the 1876 United States presidential
election, the most disputed in the history of America.
20772 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a medical treatment in which a patient breathes 100 per cent oxygen at
pressures greater than atmospheric pressure.
20773 Michener, Roland (1900-1991), was governor general of Canada from 1967 to 1974.
20774 Nelson, William Rockhill (1841-1915), was an American newspaper editor.
20775 Ohio Company was the name of two different companies in American history.
20776 Pinckney Treaty was an agreement ending disputes between the United States and Spain over
possession of the Florida area and the mouth of the Mississippi River in North America.
20777 Portland (pop. 64,143; met. area pop. 221,095) is a city in Maine in the United States.
20778 Triathlon is one of the most challenging endurance competitions in sports.
20779
World Medical Association is an organization of national medical associations from about 45 countries.
20780 Zebra mussel is a freshwater, Eurasian shellfish.
20781 Wandering-jew is the common name of three species of plants in the spiderwort family.
20782 Kiriyenko, Sergei Vladilenovich (1962-...), was appointed prime minister of Russia by President Boris
Yeltsin in 1998.
20783 Hackman, Gene (1931-...), is an American actor known for his strong performances in film character
roles.
20784 First ladies of the United States are the wives of the country's presidents.
20785 Clinton, Hillary Rodham (1947-...), the wife of President Bill Clinton, became one of the most active first
ladies in United States history.
20786 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's overture to The Magic Flute, heard here, was one of the first operatic
compositions to anticipate striking or significant passages from the opera itself.
20787 Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell
20788 The Well-Tempered Clavier is the name Johann Sebastian Bach gave to 48 preludes and fugues for
keyboard that he wrote in 1722 and 1744.
20789 Folk music plays a central role in the cultural life of Afghanistan.
20790 Musicians from Norway play a folk dance on the Norwegian harp and the willow flute.
20791 Church bells have, since about the year 400, pealed to call Christians to worship.
20792 Telecommunications device called TTY or TTD
20793 Horse racing is a popular sport in Ireland.
20794 Las Vegas is Nevada's largest city and chief tourist attraction.
20795 About A.D. 800.
20796 Detail from the north frieze of the Treasury of the Siphnians at Delphi.
20797 Relief showing a battle scene from a coffin made for a ruler of Sidon.
20798 Italy about 1408.
20799 Prague, the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, is one of the most beautiful cities in central
Europe.
20800 Detail from a relief sculpture in the Church of Sant' Ambrogio, Milan, Italy, about 835.
20801 A British tea plantation in the 1870's shows how the British way of life spread throughout the British
Empire.
20802 The House of Commons is divided on either side of the speakers' chair.
20803 Horse racing is a popular spectator sport in the United Kingdom, with races taking place nearly every
day.
20804 Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland.
20805 The landscape of Northern Ireland has many fertile, rolling plains inland and low mountains near the
coast.
20806 A North Sea oil rig helps produce petroleum, the United Kingdom's most valuable mineral.
20807 Greece, 447-423 B.C. Marble.
20808 Tympanum of the Central Portal of Vezelay Abbey
20809 Yoruba twin figures.
20810 United States, 1979.
20811 From the tomb of Shi Huangdi.
20812 Temple complex seated Buddha.
20813 Featuring the Igbo goddess Ala.
20814 New Zealand wood.
20815 Northern New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, early 1900's.
20816 Lakota effigy in the form of a horse.
20817 Church of St. Nicholas, Bari, Italy.
20818 Figures from Cathedral of Notre Dame, Reims, France.
20819 The centre of Moscow contains many historic buildings.
20820 Sumer, 2700 to 2500 B.C. Stone.
20821 Costa Rica, A.D. 1-500.
20822 Greece (island of Chios),about 520 B.C. Marble.
20823 Voltaire by Jean Antoine Houdon.
20824 Homo habilis
20825 Homo Erectus
20826 Homo sapiens [Neanderthal]
20827 Homo sapiens sapiens
20828 Tomb of Hugh le Despenser Tewkesbury Abbey, England.
20829 Bicycle by Marcel Duchamp 1951, third version after lost original of 1913.
20830 1932-1933.
20831 Surrounded Islands by Christo.
20832 France, 1912-1913.
20833 An impact crater on Venus measures about 37 kilometres across the depression in its centre.
20834 Recording medical information on a spacecraft enables physicians to identify any abnormal changes in
the body that could indicate physical disorders or stress.
20835 An apparently weightless floating makes some tasks challenging inside an orbiting spacecraft.
20836 Flying free in space, an astronaut becomes a human satellite.
20837 Shuttle astronauts have performed many challenging missions in space.
20838
To sleep aboard a spacecraft, astronauts can zip themselves into sleeping bags strapped to the wall.
20839 Sally K. Ride became the first U.S. woman in space on June 18, 1983.
20840 An artificial satellite is designed to carry out a specific mission.
20841 The "unsinkable" Titanic was believed to be the safest ship afloat.
20842 The right-hand rule shows the direction of the magnetic field around a wire that carries an electric
current.
20843 A worker picks coffee berries by hand.
20844 The Port of Mobile, Alabama's only seaport, lies on Mobile Bay, north of the Gulf of Mexico.
20845 Fur seals start life in a group with many other pups and their mothers.
20846 Meerkats live in colonies of up to 30 individuals.
20847 Yaounde is the capital of the African nation of Cameroon.
20848 Sandra Day O'Connor, became the first woman to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of
the United States.
20849 Ruth Bader Ginsburg is the second woman to serve on the court in the United States.
20850 An historic agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization [PLO] was signed on
September 13, 1993, in Washington D.C.
20851 Dali's Accommodations of Desire was completed about 1929.
20852 Dayaks are a Southeast Asian people who mainly live in eastern Malaysia.
20853 Earl Hines was an American jazz pianist.
20854 Antigua and Barbuda is a nation in the Caribbean Sea that consists of three islands.
20855 The West Bank is a barren land in the Middle East.
20856 London's Piccadilly Circus is an intersection of six busy streets.
20857 The Pennine Chain is a long line of uplands that runs like a backbone through northern and central
England.
20858 Hadrian's Wall, built by the Romans in the A.D. 120's, protected England from northern raiders.
20859 Cattle graze in high Swiss mountain pastures during the summer.
20860 Tourists who enjoy skiing flock to the snowy Swiss Alps.
20861 The Emerald Isle, as Ireland is often called, is famous for the beauty of its lush, green landscape.
20862 Grafton Street is a fashionable shopping district in Dublin.
20863 Bunratty Castle, near Limerick, is a restored Irish castle of the 1400's.
20864 The hydra usually begins life as a bud that grows on the body of its parent.
20865 Denmark, 1817-1825.
20866 Raphael's School of Athens shows a gathering of ancient Greek philosophers and scientists in a Roman
architectural setting.
20867 Soldiers from Pakistan's army aim a mortar before firing.
20868 Tanks and soldiers from the British Army travel across the desert in
20869 Knossos, Crete, is the site of famous ancient ruins of the Minoan civilization.
20870 Antananarivo, Madagascar, is the country's capital and largest city.
20871 Shooting the picture is actually one of the later stages in making a
20872
Miles Davis, right, was an influential jazz trumpet player from the late 1940's until his death in 1991.
20873 Maria Laach Abbey Church in Germany is dominated by a square
20874 Italy, 1545-1554.
20875 Italy, about 1524-1534.
20876 A naval task force consists of a temporary unit of ships formed
20877 Greece, about 475 B.C. Bronze.
20878 Astronauts on a space shuttle mission work in a pressurized laboratory called Spacelab.
20879 The Tokyo Stock Exchange is one of the world's leading stock exchanges.
20880 Solar energy plant
20881 Cells, the building blocks of all living things, stand out clearly in
20882 Sao Paulo, Brazil, ranks among the world's largest cities in
20883 The snow-capped Pyrenees Mountains form the border between Spain and France.
20884 The Canadian Parliament buildings, which include chambers of
20885 Irish wolfhound
20886 The "running of the bulls" is a well-known tradition in the festival of San Fermin in Pamplona.
20887 Fighter planes attack enemy aircraft and ground targets.
20888 Herds of Bactrian camels graze in the Gobi Desert.
20889 Charest was elected leader of Canada's Progressive Conservative party in a party election held in April
1995.
20890 Dallas includes such landmarks as the 72-storey NationsBank Plaza building, the tallest skyscraper in
Dallas, and the domed Reunion Tower.
20891 Rehabilitative therapy teaches new skills and abilities to patients with severe mental illnesses.
20892 This painting shows Philippe Pinel, a French physician of the late 1700's, demanding the removal of
chains from mentally ill inmates of a hospital in Paris.
20893 Recycling helps prevent pollution by reducing the amount of solid
20894 An aerial ballet is a thrilling spectacle.
20895 A circus presents a variety of performers, including aerialists, acrobats,clowns, dancers, musicians, and
trained animals.
20896 How Copper Metal is Produced
20897 Animal acts provide great excitement for audiences.
20898 A hinge-action double-barrelled shotgun is fired by first moving the release handle to one side and
pulling the barrels downward to open the firing chambers.
20899 A Byzantine church in Greece called the Church of the Dormition
20900 Byzantine art is dominated by Christian themes.
20901 Cape Town, South Africa's legislative capital and oldest city,
20902 Nelson Mandela, left, takes the oath of office for the presidency of South Africa in May 1994.
20903 Hank Williams, a popular singer and songwriter of the 1940's and early 1950's, was one of country
music's most influential artists.
20904 Patsy Cline helped shape the Nashville Sound in the late 1950's.
20905 A video camera uses an electronic charge-coupled device to translate light,reflected from the scene
being recorded, into video signals.
20906 This diagram shows how a human cell produces energy.
20907 A nuclear power plant uses the heat of a controlled nuclear
20908 Cells differ in shape, size, and function, but all cells have many structures in common.
20909 Many parts work together in the electronic system of the calculator shown.
20910 Effective interior design creates indoor spaces that are attractive, comfortable, and functional.
20911 Kitchen design must be especially functional.
20912 Access for the disabled may be an important consideration in the
20913 A peace agreement signed in October 1994 formally ended a state
20914 The giant anteater has a tube-shaped head and snout.
20915 The German wirehaired pointer is a hunting dog.
20916 Cars covered with volcanic ash lined streets after Mount Pinatubo erupted.
20917 Vancouver is Canada's busiest port.
20918 German shorthaired pointer
20919 Victoria was queen of Britain for 63 years.
20920 An editorial cartoon comments in a striking manner on important
20921 A male and female orangutan have different physical features.
20922 Elizabeth Dole's posts in public service in the United States have included Cabinet positions of secretary
of transportation and secretary of labor in the federal government, and the presidency of the American
Red Cross.
20923 An illumination called an historical initial from a choir book shows a Nativity scene within the letter P.
Pictures and designs called border decoration surround the text.
20924 Breeding horses is an important economic activity in Turkmenistan.
20925 Morgan
20926 Arabian
20927 Standardbred
20928 Suffolk
20929 Shetland pony
20930 The Pieta was the most important work of Michelangelo's
20931 Robert Redford
20932 The Fantastic Four reflect a dynamic style of composition and storytelling that have influenced many
superhero comics.
20933 The voltaic pile, invented in the late 1790's, was the first battery.
20934 The dynamo was the first efficient electric generator.
20935 Appaloosa
20936 Przewalski's horse
20937 Battle of the Amazons by Peter Paul Rubens, 1618.
20938 Herd of Horses by an unknown artist
20939
Leonardo's scientific drawings include his famous study of human proportions called Vitruvian man.
20940 Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is probably the most famous portrait ever painted.
20941 The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne is arranged in a
20942 The Crucifixion of Saint Peter was completed by Michelangelo
20943 The Florentine Pieta was intended for Michelangelo's own
20944 Rouen Cathedral, Full Sunlight by Claude Monet, 1895.
20945 Controversy erupted in 1968 when American sprinters Tommie Smith, centre, and John Carlos raised
clenched fists at a medal ceremony to protest at what they considered to be racism.
20946 The Olympic flame is lit during the opening ceremonies.
20947 Detail from Cypress by Kano Eitoku.
20948 Virgin and Child Enthroned with Angels and Saints by an
20949 Saint Matthew (from the Gospel Book of Archbishop
20950 Joachim with the Shepherds (also known as Joachim Takes Refuge in the Wilderness by Giotto.
20951 The Tribute Money by Masaccio.
20952 Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli.
20953 Madonna of the Rocks by Leonardo da Vinci.
20954 Madonna of the Goldfinch by Raphael.
20955 The Vision After the Sermon (also known as Jacob Wrestling with the Angel) by Paul Gauguin.
20956 Early cubism grew from Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, of 1907.
20957 Abraham and the Three Angels (from the Psalter of Saint Louis) by an unknown French artist.
20958 The Annunciation by Fra Angelico.
20959 Self-Portrait by Albrecht Durer.
20960 The Executions of 3rd May 1808 by Francisco Goya.
20961 An indoor rain forest exhibit at the Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha,
20962 Inside a zoo kitchen, trained workers peel, chop, combine, and
20963 Regular medical treatment helps keep zoo animals healthy.
20964 Scars from the crash of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 appear on
20965 Clint Eastwood
20966 The Descent from the Cross by Rogier van der Weyden.
20967 Banquet of Officers of the Civic Guard of Saint George at Haarlem, 1616 by Frans Hals.
20968 Portrait of Charles I Hunting by Sir Anthony Van Dyck,
20969 Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, 1656.
20970 The Return of the Prodigal Son by Rembrandt.
20971 The Island of Cythera (also known as The Embarkation for Cythera) by Antoine Watteau, 1717.
20972 Bathers by Jean Honore Fragonard.
20973 Boat-Building near Flatford Mill by John Constable, 1815.
20974 Ophelia by Sir John Everett Millais, 1852.
20975 The Dance I by Henry Matisse, 1909.
20976 Black Lines by Wassily Kandinsky, 1913.
20977 Composition by Piet Mondrian, 1921.
20978 Three Flags by Jasper Johns, 1958.
20979 The Stonebreakers by Gustave Courbet, 1849.
20980 Snowstorm: Steamboat off a Harbour's Mouth by
20981 Woman, I by Willem de Kooning, 1952.
20982 The Thankful Poor by Henry Ossawa Tanner, 1894.
20983 WHAAM! by Roy Lichtenstein, 1963.
20984 Skin drums are traditional instruments in Inuit music.
20985 Uranus appears here in true colours, left, and false colours, right in images produced by combining
numerous pictures taken by the Voyager 2
20986 The sprawling Kruger National Park in South Africa is home to
20987 Tikal National Park in Guatemala protects ruins of pyramids and
20988 The Channel Tunnel lies beneath the English Channel.
20989 Army ants are fierce hunters that travel in swarms and prey chiefly on other insects.
20990 Harvester ants store seeds in special chambers inside their nests, shown.
20991 Dairying ants "milk" honeydew from aphids, shown.
20992 Honey ant workers called repletes serve as storage tanks.
20993 The greenbottle fly is named for the colour of its shiny coat.
20994 The Christian church was an important institution during the Middle Ages.
20995 The aardvark rips open the nests of ants and termites with its claws.
20996 John Adams' birthplace stands in Quincy (then Braintree),
20997 An emotional appeal is used in many advertisements to attract attention so that people will learn about
the product. This advertisement appeals to parents' love and concern for their children and then gives
reasons for buying the product.
20998 Expansion of rural education has been a chief goal of governments in northern Africa.
20999 College education is available in most African countries.
21000 Mission schools were founded in Africa by European missionaries during the colonial period.
21001 Traditional education in Africa provides children with the special skills they need to become productive
members of their community.
21002 A bronze sculpture from Nigeria is an image of a priest-king of a civilization once centred at Ife.
21003 Royal music of the Ashanti of Ghana honours a new chief.
21004 Traditional African dancing marks important events in everyday life, such as births, deaths, and harvest
time.
21005 Deserts cover about two-fifths of Africa.
21006 Exercise can help elderly people maintain or improve fitness. Although the process of aging cannot be
prevented, regular physical activity can produce benefits at any age.
21007 AIDS viruses reproduce in CD4 cells and circulate in the blood.
21008 The AIDS quilt memorializes people who have died of AIDS. The quilt is a moving symbol of the
epidemic's human cost.
21009 Albatrosses are large sea birds with white bodies and darker wings
21010 The blue-green alga Anabaena consists of long strands
21011 The spherical colonies of the green alga Volvox
21012 Henry James
21013 Saul Bellow
21014 Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer and navigator, was the
21015 Marian Anderson
21016 Long, powerful legs and a stride of 4.6 metres make the ostrich one of the fastest land animals.
21017 Long, slender front wings and small hind wings enable the fast-flying hawk moth to hover like a
hummingbird.
21018 A tail and fins serve most fish in swimming.
21019 A water spider breathes underwater by means of large air bubbles held close to its body.
21020 The armadillo's armour protects the animal from harm.
21021 Large, heavy horns protect the slow-moving Cape buffalo of southern Africa from enemies.
21022 Protective colouration helps many animals hide from their enemies.
21023 Mimicry helps many animals avoid predators.
21024 The courtship ritual of the albatross involves an elaborate dance between a male and female before they
mate.
21025 A male Adelie penguin incubates an egg by holding it between his feet to protect it from the Antarctic
chill.
21026 A raven's nest is usually built on a cliff in late winter.
21027 A male antelope marks his territory by rubbing his face on plants within its borders.
21028 People protect some animals by raising them in captivity.
21029 Susan B. Anthony
21030 A mechanical toy was manufactured by a Connecticut company about 1871.
21031 Mark Antony
21032 Harsh, sparsely populated deserts cover much of the Arab world.
21033 Traditional Arab architecture places great importance on privacy.
21034 Traditional Chinese architecture featured roofs that curved upward at the end.
21035 Angkor is a group of temples in Cambodia.
21036 Japanese architecture became noted for its simplicity, elegance, and sense of proportion.
21037 Hagia Sophia is the finest example of Byzantine architecture.
21038 Aachen Cathedral in Germany, dedicated in 805, is an example of Carolingian architecture.
21039 Gothic cathedrals dominated French architecture from about 1150 to 1500.
21040
The Church of Sant' Andrea in Mantua, Italy, was designed by Leon Battista Alberti in the mid-1400's.
21041
The dome of the Cathedral of Florence was an early achievement of Italian Renaissance architecture.
21042 St. Peter's Basilica stands in Rome on the site of Old St. Peter's.
21043 The chateau of Fontainebleau is an early example of Renaissance architecture in France.
21044
The Villa Rotonda, designed by Andrea Palladio in the mid-1500's, stands on a hill near Vicenza, Italy.
21045 The Palladian Revival was based on Roman architecture and the works of Andrea Palladio.
21046 Early American architecture reflected European styles.
21047 The Gothic Revival of the 1800's reflected a renewed interest in medieval Gothic architecture.
21048 The Palais Garnier features a number of architectural styles.
21049 The Amsterdam Stock Exchange in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, is noted for its simple lines and an
extensive use of brick.
21050 The AEG Turbine Factory, with simple lines and glass walls, was one of the first factories to reflect
modern design principles.
21051 Palais Stoclet
21052 Steiner House in Vienna has a cubelike shape and no decoration.
21053 The Carson Pirie Scott & Company Building, a Chicago department store, is a masterpiece of the
Chicago School of architecture.
21054 The prairie style created by Frank Lloyd Wright revolutionized American domestic architecture.
21055 The works of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe are noted for his skilful use of steel and glass.
21056 The International Style became one of the dominant architectural movements of the 1900's.
21057 The British Art Centre at Yale University was the last major work by Louis Kahn, a leading American
architect of the mid-1900's.
21058 Post-modernism used elements from earlier architectural styles.
21059 Rural life and city life contrast vividly in Argentina.
21060 Beautiful rock formations rise from the floor of Monument Valley in Arizona's Colorado Plateau.
21061 A winged lion of the 800's B.C. stood in front of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II. It was supposed to ward
off evil.
21062 Augustus was the first Roman emperor.
21063 The aye-aye lives in the forests of Madagascar.
21064 Aztec writing consisted of small pictures called pictographs.
21065 The Spanish Conquest in 1521 destroyed the Aztec empire.
21066 An Aztec pyramid stands at Santa Cecilia, Mexico, near Mexico City.
21067 Muslims in Baghdad attend highly decorated houses of worship called mosques.
21068 The Beatles were the most popular group in rock music history.
21069 Bethlehem lies south of Jerusalem in the Judean Hills.
21070 Mary Bethune
21071 Benazir Bhutto
21072 Artificial body parts are designed by biomedical engineers as replacements for defective natural body
parts.
21073
Platelets plug leaks in blood vessels and help begin the process leading to the formation of a blood clot.
21074 White blood cells help the body fight infection and disease.
21075 Blue jay
21076
The bobcat uses its keen eyesight and hearing to track down the small animals on which it feeds.
21077 Bogota, the capital and largest city of Colombia, lies on a plateau high in the Andes Mountains.
21078 La Paz, Bolivia's largest city, lies on a cool plateau high in the Andes Mountains.
21079 A beautiful book is a work of art.
21080 A Babylonian clay tablet with cuneiform writing was an early form of book.
21081 The Domesday Book was the first official record of land holdings in England.
21082 The oldest known printed book is the Diamond Sutra,
21083 Paperback books first became popular in Europe and the U.S.A in the 1800's.
21084 Lizzie Borden
21085 Central Boston is a blend of historic and modern buildings.
21086 The Boston Tea Party was a protest against a tax the British government placed on imported tea.
21087
Botticelli's La Primavera (Springtime) is a complex symbolic painting based on classical mythology.
21088 The bottle tree is named for its trunk, which resembles a bottle.
21089 James Bowie
21090 Brasilia is noted for its modern architecture.
21091
The colourful carnival festival in Rio de Janeiro features costumed street dancers and lively parades.
21092 A church procession takes place in the town of Ouro Preto.
21093 John Brown
21094 The world's widest boulevard is Avenida 9 de Julio in Buenos Aires.
21095 Julius Caesar was one of the great military leaders of all time.
21096 The Appalachian Region consists primarily of forests and farmland.
21097 An examination for lung cancer may include the use of an instrument called a bronchoscope.
21098 Al Capone
21099 The capybara, the world's largest rodent, lives in Central and
21100 The caribou lives in the North American tundra.
21101 Movement is illustrated largely through the use of lines of different sizes.
21102 The senses are illustrated by lines, symbols, and words.
21103 A mother cat carries a kitten back to the nest if it strays too far.
21104 A centipede may have as many as 170 pairs of legs.
21105 An oasis in the desert of northern Chad provides water for wandering nomads and their livestock.
21106 Chavez was a Mexican American trade union organizer.
21107 The black-capped chickadee lives in Canada and the Northern United States.
21108 A fashionable area of Santiago, Chile's capital, attracts many shoppers.
21109 Chile's Central Valley is crossed by several rivers fed by runoff water from the Andes.
21110 The chinchilla has large ears and a short, bushy tail.
21111 Marcus Tullius Cicero
21112 Crowded street scenes--like this one in Lima, Peru--are common in cities throughout the world.
21113 Giant clam
21114 The coati is related to the raccoon.
21115 Fidel Castro, left, declared Cuba was Communist, and was welcomed to the Soviet Union by Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev.
21116 A conch is a large sea snail with a spiral shell.
21117 Congress, the law-making branch of the United States government, consists of the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
21118 Sea fan
21119 The Central Plateau is the agricultural heartland of Costa Rica.
21120 Cousin diagram
21121 A cowboy on horseback used equipment and skills borrowed from
21122 Branding took place during the roundup.
21123 A chuck wagon carried food, cooking utensils, drinking water,
21124 Analytic cubism divided objects into many fragments and planes, as in Georges Braque's Man with a
Guitar begun
21125 George A. Custer
21126 Vasco da Gama
21127 Testing for hearing disorders is usually done by trained experts called audiologists.
21128 James Dean
21129 Edgar Degas painted The Dancing Class in 1874.
21130 Luca della Robbia created Madonna and Child Jesus.
21131 Emily Dickinson
21132 Special education helps handicapped children use their full learning ability.
21133 The Doberman pinscher is an intelligent watchdog.
21134
This shar-pei puppy is one of a breed of dog that originated in China about 200 B.C. The characteristic
loose skin over the head, neck and shoulders is especially loose in shar-pei puppies.
21135 A black tongue is the distinguishing feature of the chow chow.
21136 The puli is a medium-sized sheepdog that originated in Hungary.
21137 Alaskan malamute
21138 Great Pyrenees
21139 Mastiff
21140 The samoyed is related to the chow and the spitz.
21141 Brittany
21142 English setter
21143 Golden retriever
21144 Irish water spaniel
21145 Gordon setter
21146 Borzoi
21147 The Norwegian Elkhound is a hunting dog that originated in Norway probably
21148 Basenji
21149 The saluki, or gazelle hound,
21150 Whippet
21151 Bull terrier
21152 Manchester terrier
21153 American Staffordshire terrier
21154 Cairn terrier
21155 Kerry blue terrier
21156 The Scottish terrier, or Scottie was first bred in the Scottish highlands in the 1800's.
21157
The smooth fox terrier was originally bred in southern England in the mid 1800's for use in fox hunts.
21158 Miniature pinscher
21159
The Pekingese was the royal dog of China, and at one time only people of royal blood could own one.
21160 The pug is the largest of the toy-size dogs.
21161 Boston terrier
21162 Dalmatian
21163 Tibetan terrier
21164 Briard
21165 The Pembroke Welsh Corgi originated in Pembroke, Wales, during the early 1100's.
21166 Baby dolphins are born in the water.
21167 Stephen A. Douglas was a popular and skilful American orator and political leader just before the
American Civil War.
21168 Frederick Douglass
21169 Menander was the most popular Greek playwright of his time.
21170 Roman comedy was usually performed on a stage that represented a public street.
21171 Commedia dell' arte was a loosely constructed form of comedy that dominated Italian drama from the
1500's through to the 1700's.
21172 David Garrick was the leading English actor of his day.
21173 Theatre of the absurd was a broad movement that included many important new playwrights of the
1950's.
21174 August Wilson is a leading African American playwright.
21175 W. E. B. Du Bois
21176 Nude Descending a Staircase, No.
21177 An echidna has many sharp spines and mainly eats ants and termites.
21178 Quito, Ecuador's capital, lies on a plateau almost 3 kilometres above sea level.
21179 Open-air regional markets sell foods and handicrafts produced in nearby villages.
21180 Special education programmes provide instruction for disabled or gifted students.
21181 Learning by doing is an important instructional method in schools throughout the world.
21182 The manufacturing of cotton textiles ranks as one of Egypt's most important industries.
21183 Trained elephants, such as the Asiatic elephant shown here, are used in the logging industry in several
Asian countries.
21184 Elephants cool off by bathing.
21185 Elephants touch trunks as a greeting
21186 A baby elephant stays with its mother until it reaches adulthood.
21187 Ralph Waldo Emerson
21188 A Renaissance engraving by Andrea Mantegna of Italy has the solid quality of a statue.
21189 The stoat hunts at night as well as during the day.
21190 Erosion by glaciers typically takes place over thousands of years as the ice masses slowly move down
mountainsides.
21191 An etching by James Whistler shows an informal scene along the River Thames in London.
21192 The fennec is a small fox with large ears and a black-tipped tail.
21193 Bracken is found in fields throughout most of the world.
21194 Tree ferns grow in the tropics.
21195 Western sword ferns grow in forests along the Pacific coast of
21196 The fleur-de-lis is an iris-like design used in heraldry.
21197 A horse fly's eyes act as prisms, breaking light into bands of colour.
21198 A house fly searches for food on a crust of bread.
21199 Eggs of a house fly
21200 Larvae of a house fly
21201 Newly hatched adult house fly
21202 Pupa of a house fly
21203 A flying dragon glides by spreading folds of skin.
21204 Henry Ford
21205 A fossil Pterodactylus, a type of pterosaur, provides information on the animal's behaviour.
21206 Sigmund Freud
21207 Robert Frost
21208 Beautifully designed furniture can be displayed as works of art.
21209 A common ancient Greek chair was the klismos, shown.
21210 A reconstructed Roman stool called a sella curulis has curved legs in the shape of an X.
21211 This simply built chest is typical of the furniture of the Middle Ages.
21212 A Japanese cabinet of the early 1600's is made of lacquered wood.
21213
A typical Chinese chair of the 1500's had a single vertical splat that formed the centre of the chair's back.
21214
An Italian tabletop of the 1600's is decorated with semi-precious stones in a technique called pietre dure.
21215 A low chest of drawers called a commode became a popular furniture form of the 1700's.
21216 The English neoclassical style was begun by Robert Adam, a Scottish architect, in the 1760's.
21217 This Empire-style dressing table features a round mirror and built-in candleholders.
21218 Art nouveau was a decorative style characterized by a graceful curve known as a whiplash curve.
21219 Restoration furniture resembled the French Empire style.
21220 Art deco emphasized streamlined geometric forms.
21221 A Robert Venturi chair is the American architect's interpretation of the Queen Anne style of the early
1700's in England.
21222 A galago is a small tree-dwelling African animal that is active at night.
21223 Marine iguanas inhabit the rocky coastlines of the Galapagos Islands.
21224 Marcus Garvey
21225 The German shepherd dog was bred as a herding dog.
21226 The ginkgo is a slender ornamental tree with fan-shaped, fernlike leaves.
21227 The glass lizard has no legs.
21228 The brindled gnu is one of the fastest animals in southern Africa.
21229 True wild goat, or bezoar goat
21230 Nubian goat
21231 Saanen goat
21232 The common goldfish is a popular aquarium pet.
21233 The pocket gopher is native to North America.
21234 The National Palace, a government centre, stands in Guatemala City.
21235 A Guatemalan rural village lies along a river.
21236 Coffee beans dry in the sun on plantations in the Highlands region.
21237
Captain Nathan Hale was executed in New York City near what is now 66th Street and Third Avenue.
21238 A jack-o'-lantern for Halloween is made by carving a pumpkin.
21239 Hammurabi, king of Babylonia, stands before the god Shamash, patron of justice.
21240 John Hancock was an American revolutionary leader who became the first person to sign the American
Declaration of Independence in 1776.
21241 Havana is the commercial and industrial centre of Cuba.
21242 Patrick Henry lashed out at English tyranny in a great speech before the Virginia House of Burgesses in
1765.
21243 Durocs are a popular breed of pig because they produce large
21244 This photograph shows a Yorkshire sow nursing her piglets.
21245 Berkshires provide meat with little excess fat.
21246 Chester Whites must have shade to avoid sunburn.
21247 Spotted Swine may be mostly black or mostly white.
21248 A horned lizard has sharp spines on its head and its back.
21249 Medical care of a horse includes periodic examinations by a veterinarian.
21250 A well-performed jump requires harmony between the rider and horse.
21251 A newborn foal is cared for by its mother.
21252 Hussein I
21253 Saddam Hussein
21254 A hyrax is a rabbit-sized animal that resembles a guinea pig.
21255
Millions of European immigrants streamed into the United States during the 1800's and early 1900's.
21256 A family dinner in India often includes a variety of dishes.
21257 Jakarta has many wide boulevards lined with modern buildings.
21258 Farm crops are sold or traded at village marketplaces like this one in Sumatra, where most of the Batak
people live.
21259 Factories developed during the Industrial Revolution to bring together the machines and the workers to
run them.
21260 The domestic system produced most manufactured goods before the Industrial Revolution.
21261
Steamships carried raw materials and manufactured goods across the Atlantic Ocean by the mid-1800's.
21262 Des Moines rises along the Des Moines River in south-central Iowa.
21263 Rajah Brooke iris
21264 This richly carved stand was made to hold the Koran, the
21265 Islamic art includes many beautiful religious colleges called madrasahs.
21266 Islamic pottery featured a form of decoration called lustre painting, in which artists used metallic paint on
a blue or white glaze.
21267 The black-tailed jack rabbit lives in dry areas of Mexico and the Western United States.
21268 The jackal, a member of the dog family, is mainly a scavenger, an animal that feeds on creatures it finds
dead.
21269 Stonewall Jackson
21270 An American mission led by Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrived in Japan in 1853.
21271 Jay John was a distinguished American statesman.
21272 The jellyfish has no bones.
21273
The sea wasp is a jellyfish found mainly in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia.
21274 The Last Supper was the final meal that Jesus shared with His 12 apostles.
21275 Jesus restored a blind beggar's sight in a miracle described in the Gospels.
21276 Jesus was arrested by Roman soldiers in Gethsemane, a garden east of Jerusalem.
21277 Jesus' last hours.
21278
The Resurrection of Jesus, as related in the Gospels, occurred on the third day after His Crucifixion.
21279 A street in Johannesburg, South Africa's largest urban area, is lined with modern buildings.
21280 John Paul Jones
21281 Carl G. Jung
21282 A killdeer is a shore bird of North and South America.
21283 The kinkajou uses its long, flexible tail for balance in trees.
21284 Kinshasa is the capital and largest city of Congo (Kinshasa).
21285 The lamprey's mouth is especially suited for sucking fluids from the bodies of other fish.
21286 Beirut Harbour is Lebanon's chief port facility.
21287 A parasitic leech sucks human blood through a mouth centred in a disklike front sucker.
21288
The ring-tailed lemur, one of the most common species, lives in the southwest part of Madagascar.
21289 Music helps tell a story during a library story hour.
21290 The collection of a special library may feature items other than books.
21291 Vatican Library, in Vatican City, has one of the world's largest and most valuable collections of early
manuscripts and books.
21292 A clay tablet of the 600's B.C. lists literary works, probably for use in the Royal Library at Nineveh in
Babylonia.
21293 A monk in a scriptorium copies a manuscript by hand.
21294 Arctic lichens cover much of the ground surface in the tundra.
21295 Yellow map lichens rank among the oldest living things.
21296 The beautiful lilac is popular throughout the world.
21297 A pride of lions moves across an open, grassy plain in Africa.
21298 A lion's long, sharp teeth and huge paws are fearsome weapons.
21299 Fantasies--like The Wizard of Oz--include thrilling tales of imaginary lands.
21300 Mother Goose fairy tales, rhymes, and songs have charmed young children since the 1700's.
21301 Great illustrators of the 1800's, including Randolph Caldecott, helped make pictures a major part of
children's literature.
21302 The first modern picture book was The Tale of Peter Rabbit, one of a series of animal stories written by
Beatrix Potter.
21303 The main clue to the Lost Colony was the word Croatoan
21304 The European lynx, like the other lynxes, is a large and powerfully built wild cat with tufted ears.
21305 The Japanese macaque has brown fur and a short tail.
21306 Ferdinand Magellan
21307 People of various ethnic groups live in Peninsular Malaysia.
21308 Malcolm X
21309 Timbuktu is now a small trading town in central Mali.
21310 The manakin is a small bird found in the tropical forests of Central and South America.
21311 Manatees feed on water plants.
21312 Edouard Manet completed Bar at the Folies Bergere in 1882.
21313 This portrait of Edouard Manet was painted by his friend Henri Fantin-Latour in 1867.
21314 Marine biologists study marine life in its environment.
21315 Thurgood Marshall was the first African American justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. As
a justice, Marshall took liberal positions on a wide variety of issues, including capital punishment, free
speech and school desegregation.
21316 The marten, a member of the weasel family, usually builds its den in a hollow tree.
21317 Karl Marx
21318 Henri Matisse was a famous French artist.
21319 Portrait of Madame Matisse, painted in 1905, shows Matisse's emphasis on colour, which is typical of
the Fauve movement.
21320 A sculpture of the Maya maize god has ears of maize in its headdress.
21321 Maya writing used symbols that represented entire ideas or combinations of sounds.
21322 The Mayflower II, built as the original Mayflower
21323 The Great Mosque in Mecca is the centre of worship for all Muslims.
21324 Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (Japan)
21325 Providing medical care in developing countries requires overcoming great distances and a shortage of
doctors.
21326 Trephining involved cutting a hole in the skull, perhaps to release evil spirits.
21327 The scientific study of anatomy began with Andreas Vesalius' book
21328 Edward Jenner vaccinates a child.
21329 Surgical advances by Ambroise Pare included sewing through pieces of
21330 Antiseptic surgery involved spraying surgical wounds with carbolic acid to prevent infection.
21331 Anthrax germs were the first microorganisms identified as a cause of illness.
21332 An early X-ray photograph by Wilhelm Roentgen shows his wife's left hand and wedding ring.
21333 Cryosurgery, the use of extreme cold in surgery, was developed in the 1960's.
21334 Penicillium mould, discovered by Alexander Fleming, is grown in laboratories to make penicillin.
21335 Herman Melville
21336 The Meteor Crater in Arizona lies between the towns of Flagstaff and Winslow.
21337 The story of the Mexican Revolution is told in murals by David Siqueiros and other well-known Mexican
artists.
21338 The Mexican hat dance is a popular Mexican dance.
21339 The Central Plateau has some of Mexico's richest farmland.
21340 Tropical rain forests are found in the southern areas of the Gulf Coastal Plain and on the Yucatan
Peninsula.
21341 Mexico City landmarks include the towering Monument to Independence, honouring heroes of Mexico's
independence movement.
21342 The Palacio de Bellas Artes is a performance and exhibition centre famous for the beauty of its
architecture.
21343 A mole searches for earthworms and other food by digging tunnels with its sharp claws and powerful
legs.
21344 Flame scallop
21345 Lined chiton
21346 Monoplacophoran
21347 Octopus
21348 Tooth shell
21349 Monet's Water Lilies was one of a series the artist painted near the end of his life, when he was almost
blind.
21350 An ancient Greek coin called a tetradrachm was issued during the 400's B.C. The front of the coin, left,
had a portrait of the goddess Athena.
21351 Paper money was first used in China.
21352
Playing-card money was used in Canada when it was a French colony during the 1600's and 1700's.
21353 The oak-tree shilling was one of the first coins made in Massachusetts.
21354 A mongoose prepares to eat a snake it has killed.
21355 Monte Carlo is a luxurious resort on the Mediterranean coast.
21356 Montezuma II, left, was an Aztec emperor who ruled in Mexico from 1502 to 1520.
21357 Mosses tend to grow in bunches, and they often form dense mats that cover large areas.
21358 Hairy cap moss
21359 Mount Everest, in the Himalaya range on the frontier of Tibet and Nepal, is the highest mountain in the
world.
21360 The mountain lion may reach a length of 1.5 metres or more, not counting its tail.
21361 Hosni Mubarak
21362 The mudpuppy is a type of salamander.
21363 Robert Mugabe
21364 Elijah Muhammad
21365 Edvard Munch's painting The Scream illustrates the feeling of anguish and inner torment that appears in
many of his works.
21366
Munich's New City Hall stands in the busy Marienplatz, a large square in the old section of the city.
21367 The Black Crook is generally considered the first American musical comedy.
21368 Oklahoma! began the age of the modern musical comedy in 1943.
21369 Show Boat helped start a new era of musical comedy in 1927.
21370 A muskrat lives near water and has a long tail.
21371 Mussels have soft bodies protected by hard shells.
21372 Benito Mussolini used dramatic poses.
21373 The creation of life is the subject of many myths.
21374 Osiris, Egyptian god of the afterlife, judged the souls of the dead.
21375 The Greeks built the Trojan horse, hid several soldiers inside, and left it outside the walls of Troy.
21376 The Muses were Greek goddesses of the arts and sciences.
21377 Romulus and Remus were the mythical founders of Rome.
21378 The fire goddess Pele was worshipped in many parts of Polynesia.
21379 Fetish figures like this one of the Songe, a people of Congo (Kinshasa), are used to protect village
property.
21380 The Celtic god Cernunnos protected horned animals.
21381 Nero was a Roman emperor who reigned from A.D. 54 until his death in
21382 Albuquerque is New Mexico's largest city.
21383 Central Park lies in the centre of Manhattan.
21384 New Zealand's beautiful countryside provides excellent grazing land for millions of sheep.
21385 Central Auckland, like the business areas of other large New Zealand cities, has many modern office
buildings.
21386 The Nicaraguan countryside includes sharply rising mountains, and grazing land for cattle and other
livestock.
21387 Managua is the capital, largest city, and chief commercial centre of Nicaragua.
21388 Nigerian Muslims dressed in traditional costumes prepare to take part in a horsemanship event at the
end of a religious festival.
21389 A typical village in rural Nigeria consists of clusters of homes much like these.
21390 The nightingale is a small thrush known for its melancholy song.
21391 Florence Nightingale introduced sanitary methods of nursing in wartime.
21392 In a hospital in Scutari, Florence Nightingale attended to the
21393 The Blue Nile, one of the two main branches of the Nile, has carved out a deep valley in Ethiopia.
21394 The Nile River irrigates large strips of farmland.
21395 A male nurse gives medication to a patient.
21396 Most nurses work in hospitals, where they help to comfort and care for people who are sick, injured, or
recovering from surgery.
21397 Operating theatre nurses assist surgeons during operations.
21398 The okapi is a relative of the giraffe.
21399 Barren wasteland covers much of Oman.
21400 An Omani craftsman uses a potter's wheel to make pottery.
21401 A mother opossum carries her young on her back.
21402 An ouija board is used as a game or supposedly to exchange messages
21403 Traditional ways of life are followed by many Pacific Islanders, especially villagers who earn little or no
money.
21404 Two main types of islands are found in the Pacific.
21405
Producing copra, the dried meat of the coconut, is a main economic activity in the Pacific Islands.
21406 Coconut palms grow as high as 30 metres.
21407 A street scene in Colon shows people of various races.
21408 The Gatun Locks are chambers where the water level can be changed to raise or lower ships travelling
through the Panama Canal.
21409 Port Moresby is the capital of Papua New Guinea.
21410 The skyline of Asuncion, Paraguay's capital and largest city, consists of modern high-rises and
traditional Spanish-style buildings.
21411 Black stem rust is a fungus that lives part of its life on barberry plants, shown here, and part on wheat
plants.
21412 Mistletoe is a plant parasite that grows on trees.
21413
Plasmodium vivax is one of the tiny parasites that cause malaria, a serious disease of human beings.
21414 A tapeworm lives in intestines of people and animals.
21415 The trichina worm lodges in the muscles of pigs and humans.
21416 Paricutin is the most recently formed volcano in the Western Hemisphere.
21417 George S. Patton, Jr.
21418 The collared peccary has a coarse, blackish-grey coat.
21419 Frances Perkins, served as New York's Industrial Commissionser from 1929-1933.
21420 Eva Peron
21421 Juan Peron
21422 Oliver Hazard Perry and his fleet of nine ships defeated the British in the Battle of Lake Erie during the
War of 1812.
21423 Weeks of bombing by allied aircraft left much of Baghdad, Iraq's capital, in ruins.
21424 Oil wells burned out of control in Kuwait after retreating Iraqi troops set fire to hundreds of wells.
21425 Workers in a fish-processing plant near Piura handle part of Peru's enormous annual catch of ocean
fish.
21426 The ruins of Machu Picchu, once a walled Inca city, stand near Cusco.
21427 Ring-necked pheasants are popular game birds.
21428 Male golden pheasants have bright yellow heads and brilliant red breasts.
21429 Traditional and modern ways of life contrast greatly in the Philippines.
21430 Manila hemp, commonly called abaca, is grown in the Philippines.
21431 Guernica is considered one of Picasso's masterpieces.
21432 The American pika is a small, furry animal that lives among loose rock on mountainsides.
21433 The northern pike is a large freshwater fish that is popular as a fighting game fish and also as a delicious
food fish.
21434 A pillory locked the arms and head of a person between two wooden boards.
21435 Plankton is made up of many types of organisms.
21436 Mount Vesuvius looms in the background over the once-thriving city of Pompeii.
21437 A pony express rider switches to a fresh mount and begins another step of his dangerous dash across
the West.
21438 The Pope is the spiritual leader of millions of Roman Catholics throughout the world.
21439 The Pope's vestments for saying Mass include a white skullcap, a woollen collar called a pallium, and a
sleeveless garment called a chasuble worn over a long white cassock.
21440 The election of a pope is announced to the outside world by white smoke emerging from a chimney in
Vatican City.
21441 Innocent III was the most powerful of all medieval popes.
21442 Saint Peter is considered the first pope.
21443 Benedict XIV was admired for his high moral character and his support of religious and secular
education.
21444 Paul III was a Renaissance pope who helped begin the Catholic Reformation by calling the Council of
Trent.
21445 Pius XII was one of the most active popes in history, updating and revising many church practices and
customs.
21446 John Paul II, who was born in Poland, in 1978 became the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI of the
Netherlands.
21447 John XXIII, a popular modern pope, called Vatican Council II, which reshaped much of church life.
21448 Paul VI created much controversy with a 1968 encyclical that continued church teachings prohibiting
birth control.
21449 A porcupinefish has strong, sharp spines on its body.
21450 The Portuguese man-of-war floats on the surface of warm oceans.
21451 A possum feeds on the yellow blossoms of a tree.
21452 The potto lives in the forests of western Africa.
21453 Prairies are covered chiefly by tall grasses.
21454 Prairie dogs keep a sharp lookout for their enemies.
21455 Elvis Presley rehearses for a 1956 appearance on a U.S. TV show.
21456 The prickly pear has pear-shaped fruit that is good to eat.
21457 A male pronghorn has branchlike horns with hard, black coverings.
21458 A ciliate has many hairlike cilia, which help it to
21459 A flagellate has one or more whiplike flagella, which move rapidly, allowing the flagellate to move.
21460 Sarcodines move by extending fingerlike pseudopods.
21461 An apicomplexan moves by gliding.
21462 Horned puffins spend the summer on the Pacific coasts of Alaska and Russia, where they rear their
young.
21463 Muammar al-Qadhafi
21464 Sir Walter Raleigh was an adventurer and explorer, and a leading
21465 Statues of Ramses II guarded the Abu Simbel temple near the Nile for more than 3,000 years.
21466 Reading aloud to a child is an enjoyable activity for both the adult and the youngster.
21467 Reading disabilities require special teaching methods.
21468 Eliminating illiteracy is an important part of the educational programme of developing nations.
21469 The massive trunk of a redwood dwarfs a curious sightseer.
21470 The sale of indulgences caused Martin Luther to attack the church.
21471 Buddha preached that people can gain nirvana, or salvation, by freeing themselves from worldly
attachments and desires.
21472 Hindus bathe in the Ganges River to purify their bodies.
21473 Prehistoric people performed religious ceremonies to ensure a sufficient food supply.
21474 The Ten Commandments contain the basic laws of Judaism and Christianity.
21475 A Muslim reads the Quran at a temple in Mecca, the holiest city of Islam.
21476 Within Christianity, a movement called charismatic
21477 Lorenzo de' Medici was the political and cultural leader of Florence when the city was the centre of the
Italian Renaissance in the 1400's.
21478 The ruling families of the Italian city-states strongly supported the Renaissance.
21479 Donatello's David was the first large free-standing
21480
The Pazzi Chapel in Florence, Italy, was one of the first buildings designed in the Renaissance style.
21481 The drawings of Leonardo da Vinci reveal the inquiring mind of perhaps the greatest intellect of the
Renaissance.
21482 Raphael's School of Athens portrays an imaginary
21483 Mythological subjects were popular with Italian artists.
21484 A northern Renaissance painting by the Flemish artist Jan van Eyck emphasizes lighting, perspective,
and detail.
21485 Pierre Auguste Renoir, a master of impressionist painting, became famous for his luminous colours and
cheerful scenes of everyday life.
21486 Paul Robeson
21487 The Rocky Mountains extend more than 4,800 kilometres across the
21488 The hieroglyphics on this fragment of stone, known as the Rosetta
21489 George Sand
21490 A sand dollar has a thin, circular body.
21491 Sapsucker
21492 Venus of Willendorf Willendorf, Austria, 30,000-25,000 B.C. Limestone.
21493 Relief from the stairway to the Audience Hall of Darius I at
21494 Crete, Minoan period, 1500's B.C. Bronze.
21495 800 B.C.-A.D. 600.
21496 The oceanic whitetip shark has a graceful, torpedolike body.
21497 The Siberian husky is an alert, powerful dog.
21498 Sitting Bull
21499 Slaves who picked cotton on plantations in the United States during the 1800's usually worked from
sunrise to sunset.
21500 The sloth uses its claws to hang from branches.
21501 The sloth bear has shaggy black fur and a grey, almost hairless
21502 A slug is a kind of snail that moves by sliding on a thin coating of slime.
21503 The sparrowhawk preys on sparrows and other small birds.
21504 Sri Lankans harvest tea, which is one of the nation's leading products.
21505 Starfish use the tube feet on the underside of their arms to
21506 The Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and a beacon of freedom for immigrants, stands on
Liberty Island in the
21507 Robert Louis Stevenson
21508 Robert Louis Stevenson settled with his family near Apia on
21509 Lucy Stone helped to establish the American Suffrage Association, which worked for womens right to
vote.
21510 Ocean sunfish live in the open sea.
21511 The large, beautiful sunflower is grown by farmers in many parts of the world.
21512 Clarence Thomas became the second African American to serve the Supreme Court of the United
States.
21513 Swifts usually roost on vertical surfaces, clinging with sharp toenails and using the tail as a prop.
21514 A swift called the blue spiny lizard has bright blue markings on its upper body.
21515 Central Sydney
21516 Damascus is Syria's capital and largest city.
21517 Ruins of Palmyra stand in central Syria.
21518 The takin is a large hoofed mammal that resembles a musk ox.
21519 Lion tamarins have long, golden-orange hair.
21520 Farmers transplant rice, above, near a lake in central Tanzania.
21521 The Palace of Wonders on Zanzibar was home to many Arab sultans (rulers).
21522 The tapir resembles a pig but actually is related to the horse and rhinoceros.
21523 The tarsier is a small Southwest Pacific animal with large eyes.
21524 The Tasmanian tiger, which most scientists believe is extinct, had stripes along its back like those of a
tiger.
21525
Tecumseh was an Indian leader who fought to defend Indian lands against invasion by white people.
21526 Mother Teresa
21527 The queen termite is a fully developed female whose sole job is to mate and reproduce.
21528 The soldier termite's job is to defend the colony against attack.
21529 The worker termite gathers food and cares for the young termites
21530 The tortoise has stumpy, clublike legs and feet.
21531 Totem poles, such as the ones pictured here, were wood carvings made by the Indians of the Northwest
Coast.
21532 The red-crested touraco and many other forest species of touracos have brightly coloured feathers and
long tails.
21533 Toussaint L'Ouverture
21534 Fossil of a trilobite
21535 The fall of Troy was made famous in legends.
21536 Sojourner Truth
21537 The tuatara is a reptile found only on a few small islands off the New Zealand coast.
21538 Harriet Tubman
21539 Tulips are colourful garden flowers that bloom in the spring.
21540 A crowded street along the Istanbul waterfront reflects the rapid growth of Turkish cities since the
1940's.
21541 Islamic rituals, such as group prayer, play an important part in the daily life of most Turks.
21542 The Kurds of Turkey make up the nation's largest minority group.
21543 Kemal Ataturk founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and was its first president.
21544 The green turtle dwells in the sea.
21545 All turtles lay their eggs on land.
21546 The common snapping turtle has a small shell in relation to the rest of its body.
21547 A soft-shelled turtle has a round, flat shell covered by leathery skin.
21548 The Galapagos tortoise ranks as one of the largest tortoises.
21549 Uncle Sam has appeared in several forms in different periods of United States history.
21550 United Nations headquarters consists of several buildings along the East River in New York City.
21551 The United Nations flag has a map of the world surrounded by a wreath of olive branches.
21552 Eastern Indians were forced to move to territory west of the Mississippi River during the Expansion Era
as whites took over their land.
21553 World War I [1914-1918] marked the first time the United States had fought a full-scale war on foreign
territory.
21554 A civil rights law banning compulsory school segregation led to a dramatic incident in 1957.
21555 Valentines by Kate Greenaway, a British artist, showed garden scenes.
21556 Vanilla plants yield pods that are gathered when they are yellow-green.
21557 Jules Verne
21558 Amerigo Vespucci
21559 The vicuna lives in the Andes Mountains of South America.
21560 Vienna, the capital of Austria, is a leading cultural centre of Europe.
21561 Vietnamese children stand outside a village house in southern Vietnam.
21562 The marketplaces of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam's largest city, are crowded with peddlers.
21563 Pancho Villa, right, and Alvaro Obregon are shown at a meeting near El Paso, Texas in 1914.
21564 The wart hog is named for the "warts" on its head.
21565 The towering Washington Monument ranks as the tallest structure in
21566 A water flea is a tiny shellfish with a transparent body covering.
21567 Water lilies grow in clear, shallow water in temperate and hot climates.
21568 Victoria Falls on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border
21569 Mad Anthony" Wayne led American troops against a confederation of Indian tribes in Ohio at the Battle
of Fallen Timbers in 1794.
21570 A weasel is a small furry animal with a slender body and short legs.
21571 Daniel Webster, right, opposed Senator Robert Y. Hayne in a famous Senate debate in 1830 over states'
rights.
21572 Toothed whales use their teeth only to capture prey, not to chew it.
21573 Scientists examine a beached whale that died after stranding itself ashore.
21574 A whippoorwill has spotted brown feathers that blend with its woodland habitat and help protect the bird
from enemies.
21575 Oscar Wilde
21576 Tennessee Williams
21577 The wolverine lives in North America, northern Europe, and Asia.
21578 Wombats are stocky, burrowing animals of Australia.
21579 The woodchuck, also known as the ground hog, lives in Canada and the Eastern and Midwestern United
States.
21580 The civilization of ancient Egypt began to develop in the Nile River Valley about 3100 B.C. Agriculture
thrived in the valley, where floodwaters of the Nile deposited rich soil year after year.
21581 A stone seal from the Indus Valley civilization has a carved figure of an animal and some writing.
21582 A bronze ceremonial vessel shows the skill of an ancient Chinese artist.
21583 An ancient Greek dish portrays the god Apollo, patron of musicians and poets and the ideal of manly
beauty.
21584
Assyrian King Ashurbanipal and his queen are shown feasting in the royal garden on this stone carving.
21585 A famous Roman aqueduct, the Pont du Gard near Nimes, France, stands as a reminder of one of the
world's greatest empires.
21586 Constantine the Great was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian.
21587 A Hindu stone temple built during the A.D. 500's stands at Aihole,
21588 Between 300 and 1500, new civilizations appeared in Africa and the Americas.
21589 The Basilica of St. Mark in Venice, Italy, is one of the outstanding examples of Byzantine architecture in
western Europe.
21590 Medieval monks like this one copied many valuable manuscripts written by ancient Greek and Roman
scholars.
21591
A Muslim pharmacist is shown preparing a drug in an illustration from a medical book of the 1200's.
21592
People of the Renaissance developed bold new ideas that led to major achievements in architecture,
painting, sculpture, and literature in western Europe from the 1300's through the 1500's.
21593 The study of the body led to important medical discoveries in Europe during the 1600's.
21594 The French Revolution began on
21595
Smoking factory chimneys signalled the start of the Industrial Revolution in Europe during the 1700's.
21596 Rejection of Communism swept across the Soviet Union in August 1991.
21597 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, far right,
21598 Military aviators played an important role in the World War I.
21599 Cheering the end of
21600 Members of the Nazi Party marched in a rally in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1938.
21601 The evacuation of Dunkerque rescued about 338,000 Allied soldiers in 1940.
21602 The bombing of London, called the Blitz, began in September 1940 and caused much ruin.
21603 The Big Three set overall Allied strategy.
21604 Hitting the beach, Allied infantrymen swarmed ashore along the Normandy coast of northern France on
D-Day-- June 6,1944. It was the largest seaborne invasion in history. Hitler had boasted that German
defences along the coast could resist any attac
21605 Wild with joy, Parisians welcomed Allied troops as they rode down the Champs Elysees on August 26,
1944. Paris had been freed the day before, after over four years of Nazi occupation.
21606 American soldiers in the Philippines had to march to prison camps after they were captured by the
Japanese in April 1942. Many died during what is known as the Bataan Death March.
21607 Hugging the ground to avoid enemy gunfire, U.S. marines crawled over the sandy shores of Tarawa in
the Gilbert Islands in November 1943.
21608 An attack by a Japanese kamikaze (suicide pilot)
21609 Supplies poured ashore on Iwo Jima after U.S. marines secured beaches on the Japanese island in
February 1945.
21610 An atomic blast demolished the centre of Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6,1945. Japan agreed to
surrender after a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9.
21611 September 2, 1945, ended World War II. General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, far left, signed for the
Allies,and General Yoshijiro Umezu, right, for the Japanese army.
21612 Rosie the Riveter" became the humourous yet respectful name for the millions of American women who
worked in defence plants during the war.
21613 The human suffering caused by
21614 Orville Wright
21615 Wilbur Wright
21616 The yak of Asia is a relative of the American bison.
21617 Yellowstone Lake, left, is the largest high-altitude lake in North America.
21618 Louis Armstrong
21619 Field artillery like this howitzer support infantry and armoured forces.
21620 Hawk missiles can attack aircraft flying as low as
21621 The Parliament Building is the centre of the Greek government.
21622 Bahamian craftworkers make colourful straw items to sell to the many tourists who vacation in the
Bahamas.
21623 Judge Roy Bean, a justice of the peace, held court in his Texas saloon.
21624 Otto von Bismarck
21625 The Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina is a scenic vacation area in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
21626 Bascule bridge
21627 Vertical lift bridge
21628 Logs entering a pulp mill in Nanaimo
21629 Budapest, the capital and largest city of Hungary, lies on both banks of the Danube River.
21630 Ambrose Burnside
21631 A crusader's fortress, the Krak de Chevaliers, was powerfully built
21632 Shasta Dam in California creates a huge reservoir on the Sacramento River.
21633
Granite, an igneous rock, is formed mainly by the slow cooling of molten rock from deep inside the crust.
21634 Shale, a sedimentary rock, forms when clay is compressed into thin, hard layers.
21635 Gneiss and other metamorphic rocks result when igneous and sedimentary rocks are changed by heat
and pressure.
21636 Lichens help to form soil.
21637 Glacial erosion gouges valleys and flattens the landscape.
21638 Mass movement often occurs suddenly, as in this mud slide in Los Angeles.
21639 Wind erosion sculpted Delicate Arch in Utah from a wall of ancient sandstone.
21640 A mountain of Precambrian rock rises in the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
21641 Paleozoic sandstones make up part of the rock formations in Monument Valley, Utah.
21642 A block of Mesozoic limestone, the Rock of Gibraltar, formed below the ocean.
21643 Pleistocene glaciers cut valleys through mountains along the coast of Norway.
21644 Edison's phonograph, perhaps his favourite invention, played sounds recorded on a cylinder covered
with tinfoil.
21645 The white cliffs of Dover rise on the southeastern coast of England.
21646 The Battle of Hastings in 1066, pictured on the Bayeux Tapestry, ended with the defeat of the English by
the Normans.
21647 Mont-St.-Michel is a large rock that juts from the waters off the coast of Lower Normandy.
21648 Apartment buildings, such as these in Lyon, are home to many French city dwellers.
21649 Villages set amid well-tended fields typify much of rural France.
21650 The Tour de France is the greatest national sporting event in France.
21651 Castles called chateaux were the high point of French Renaissance architecture.
21652 Sculptor Auguste Rodin created many expressive figures.
21653 The cliffs of Normandy rise along the English Channel, in the Brittany-Normandy Hills of northwestern
France.
21654 Charlemagne was the most famous ruler of the Middle Ages.
21655 The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, was an early event in the French Revolution.
21656 Anne Frank
21657 The death of Marat spurred on the Reign of Terror.
21658 The spiral galaxy in the constellation Cepheus resembles a pinwheel.
21659 Drawing glass is the method used to shape flat glass and glass tubing.
21660 Hiroshima's Peace Memorial Park honours the victims of the first atomic bomb used in war.
21661 Paul von Hindenburg, the president of Germany, named Hitler chancellor (prime minister) on Jan. 30,
1933.
21662 Nazi rallies featured thousands of troops and deeply impressed the German people.
21663 During the Holocaust, millions of Jews were forced to leave their homes and were imprisoned in
concentration camps.
21664 Queen Isabella I of Spain supported Christopher Columbus in his plan to find a short sea route to the
Indies.
21665 Low-rise, concrete apartment buildings in Florence typify the housing in Italian cities.
21666 The Alps form a towering wall across northern Italy.
21667 Nikita S. Khrushchev
21668 Volcanic lakes form when water collects in the craters of extinct volcanoes.
21669 The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built as a bell tower for the Pisa Cathedral, left.
21670 West Quoddy Lighthouse in Lubec, Maine, is noted for its stripes.
21671 Lightning is caused by the movement of positive and negative
21672 A magnetic field can be shown as imaginary lines that flow out of the north pole and into the south pole
of a magnet.
21673 The windblown plains of Mars are covered by red sand dunes and jagged rocks.
21674 Life in the Middle Ages centred around control of the land.
21675 Building a medieval stone wall required great engineering skill.
21676 Chalcopyrite CuFeS2.
21677 Copper Cu.
21678 Galena PbS. Bright metallic lead-grey cubes.
21679 Gold Au.
21680 Graphite C. Steel-grey.
21681 Magnetite Fe3O4.
21682 Pyrite FeS2.
21683 Silver Ag.
21684 Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2.
21685 Calcite CaCO3.
21686 Fluorite CaF2.
21687 Gypsum CaSO4+CEP2H2O. Colourless, white, grey, or yellow to brown.
21688 Kyanite Al2SiO5.
21689 Malachite Cu2(CO3)(OH)2.
21690 Muscovite KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2.
21691 Potassium feldspar KAlSi3O8.
21692 Quartz.
21693 Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2.
21694 Parts of a motorcycle
21695
The first petrol-powered motorcycle was invented in 1885 by Gottlieb Daimler, a German engineer.
21696 Oslo, Norway's capital and largest city, is home to almost 1 out of 8 Norwegians.
21697 Norwegian fishermen process a catch of fish.
21698 Hydroelectric plants, such as the Alta River dam, shown here, harness the energy of Norway's many
swiftly flowing rivers.
21699 Norwegian Vikings sailed long wooden ships, like this one, preserved in an Oslo museum, in raids in
along the coast of western Europe.
21700 Kilauea, on the island of Hawaii, is one of the most spectacular volcanoes in the Pacific Islands.
21701 Thomas Paine voiced the American colonists' demands for freedom with his famous pamphlet Common
Sense.
21702 The Eiffel Tower is known throughout the world as a symbol of
21703 A huge poster in the city of Wroclaw serves as an advertisement for the National Bank of Poland.
21704 Roman Catholicism has a strong influence on the life of most Poles.
21705 Gently rolling hills cover much of southern Poland.
21706
A political rally in the city of Gdynia showed support for Solidarity candidates in the 1989 elections.
21707 The Battle of Bunker Hill (1775), actually fought on Breed's Hill, was the first major battle of the American
Revolution.
21708 Basalt
21709 Flint
21710 Limestone
21711 Quartzite
21712 Pumice
21713 Sandstone
21714 Slate
21715 The Roman Forum was the centre of Roman government.
21716 A male ruffed grouse beats the air with its wings, making a drumming
21717 A luxurious palace built during the 1700's still stands in Petrodvorets, a suburb of St. Petersburg.
21718 Salt crystals form nearly perfect cubes.
21719 Unique Forms of Continuity by Umberto Boccioni.
21720 A bison with turned head.
21721 Cycladic marble figurine.
21722 Greece.
21723 Rome, A.D. 100's.
21724 Orpheus by Auguste Rodin, France.
21725 Bird in Space by Constantin Brancusi.
21726 Woman with Suitcases by Duane Hanson.
21727 1981
21728 Chang and Eng were famous Siamese twins joined at the ribcage.
21729 Novosibirsk is Siberia's biggest city and one of the largest in Russia.
21730 The town of Taormina, Sicily, lies among the hills near Mount Etna, a snow-capped volcano, seen here
in the background.
21731 Factory workers sort cocoons before beginning the process of reeling (unwinding) the long delicate
threads.
21732 The Basques of northern Spain are one of the nation's many regional population groups.
21733 The flamenco is one of the many lively Spanish folk dances.
21734 Francisco Franco was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975.
21735 Ticino, the southernmost Swiss canton, is the warmest part of the country.
21736 A brown thrasher looks after its young.
21737 Victoria C. Woodhull was the candidate for the new Equal Rights Party in 1872.
21738 Slave makers raid the nests of other ants and carry off the pupae, shown.
21739 Bela Bartok
21740 Count Basie
21741 Bellbirds produce an unusually loud call.
21742 The bobolink nests in North America and flies to South America for the winter.
21743 The bulbul is a tropical songbird.
21744 A dromedary can be bred and trained for riding and racing.
21745 A camel's thick eyebrows help shade its eyes from the sun.
21746 The male canvasback has a reddish-brown head and a black breast.
21747 Ray Charles
21748 The whooping crane is the tallest bird of North America.
21749 Claude Debussy
21750 Dickcissels are small birds that live in grasslands and alfalfa fields in the central part of the United
States.
21751 Bob Dylan
21752 A charging elephant may make itself look especially dangerous by sticking its ears straight out.
21753 The colourful arrow poison frog grows from 2.5 to 5 centimetres long.
21754 The spotted, brownish-green leopard frog measures from
21755 Many water-dwelling species, such as this North American bullfrog, have webbed toes on their hind feet
as well.
21756 George Gershwin
21757 W. C. Handy
21758 Green-backed herons build nests of sticks in trees or tall shrubs.
21759 Billie Holiday
21760 Woody Herman was a popular bandleader for more than 40 years.
21761 John Lennon
21762 A male linnet feeds its hungry young.
21763 Oilbirds dwell in caves in tropical regions of northern South America.
21764 Elaborate scenery and colourful crowd scenes add excitement to many operas.
21765 The Barber of Seville by Gioacchino Rossini is one of the most popular comic operas.
21766
Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky is a psychological tragedy based on events in Russian history.
21767 Carmen by Georges Bizet describes the love affairs of a beautiful Gypsy.
21768 Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart has been praised
21769 Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini describes a tragic
21770 Pagliacci by Ruggiero Leoncavallo is a tragedy about a company of travelling actors who stop in an
Italian village to give a performance.
21771 The Magic Flute, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is a fairy-tale opera.
21772
Der Rosenkavalier, by Richard Strauss, portrays life among the aristocracy in Vienna during the 1700's.
21773 Salome, by Richard Strauss, is a passionate and violent
21774 La Traviata, by Giuseppe Verdi, describes a doomed love affair between Alfredo Germont, a young
Frenchman, and Violetta
21775 La Boheme by Giacomo Puccini deals with a love affair between Rodolfo, a poet, and Mimi, a young
seamstress in failing health.
21776 A petrified log forms a natural bridge at Petrified Forest National Park in northern Arizona.
21777 A small north American finch approximately 12cm long, it is grey and brown in colour and it has yellow
markings on its wings and tail.
21778 Rock music's energetic style is captured by Mick Jagger and Ron Wood of the Rolling Stones.
21779 Woodstock drew more than 300,000 fans and featured three days of
21780 Robert Schumann
21781 Shoebill
21782 The snow bunting has a snowy white head and breast.
21783 The European starling has black feathers with a greenish-purple gloss.
21784 Stonechat
21785 Richard Strauss
21786 Igor Stravinsky
21787 The summer tanager nests in the Southern United States.
21788 The cinnamon teal is a small North American duck.
21789 A male American toad puffs out its throat to utter a loud, flutelike mating call.
21790
The Bohemian waxwing lives in forests near the Arctic but flies south to temperate regions in the winter.
21791 Cedar waxwings live in most parts of North America.
21792 A weaverbird builds a hanging nest by weaving grass and twigs together.
21793 Stevie Wonder
21794 Amelia Earhart
21795 Tom Hanks is an internationally famous American film star who began his acting career in the late
1970's.
21796 Jesse L. Jackson
21797
Kweisi Mfume, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
21798 Philadelphia's City Hall ranks as one of the largest city halls in the United States.
21799 A mission control facility on the earth supervises the activities of astronauts in space.
21800 Bert Williams was an African American comedian with a gift for comic facial expression.
21801 Dinosaurs ruled the earth for millions of years.
21802 Scientists divide dinosaurs into two groups--ornithischians and saurischians--according to the structure
of the hips.
21803 Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Period (205 million to 138 million years ago) included the huge Diplodocus and
the meat-eating Allosaurus, centre.
21804 Dinosaurs of the Cretaceous Period (138 million to 65 million years ago) included hadrosaurs, centre,
which had wide, ducklike bills.
21805 An early view of Tyrannosaurus rex showed the giant meat-eating dinosaur as a slow, rather sluggish
creature.
21806 A modern illustration of Tyrannosaurus shows a faster and more active creature.
21807 Exploration has greatly increased knowledge of the world through
21808 Spanish soldiers attacked Aztec Indians in 1520.
21809 Dr. Livingstone, I presume?
21810 Velociraptor was first described by scientists in 1924.
21811
The structure of the human brain is revealed in remarkable detail by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
21812 Positron emission tomography (PET) images show brain activity.
21813 The cerebrum looks wrinkled because it is covered by a deeply folded layer of nerve cells called the
cortex.
21814 The cerebellum is the part of the brain most responsible for balance and coordination.
21815 The brain stem is a stalklike structure that links the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
21816 Nerve pathways cross over as they pass through the brain stem.
21817
Regions within the motor and somatosensory areas of the cortex are linked to specific parts of the body.
21818 Networks of neurons, background, form the brain's information-processing circuits.
21819 Brains of some vertebrates show the progression of brain development
21820 James Cook, a British navigator, explored many islands in the
21821 George III
21822 Mary I of England
21823 Sir Isaac Newton was a famous English scientist.
21824 Respiratory system and circulatory system
21825 Digestive system
21826 Skeletal system and muscular system
21827 Nervous system
21828 Urinary system and endocrine system
21829
The white stork often nests on roofs and chimneys in cities and towns in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
21830 A classical ballet combines graceful, skilled dancers with beautiful music and elaborate scenery.
21831 Mining is an important industry in Russia.
21832 A samurai wipes blood from his sword after a battle.
21833 Seals have sleek bodies with flippers in place of legs.
21834 A male Northern fur seal guards his territory at a rookery, or breeding ground.
21835 Fishing has always been an important part of the Thai economy.
21836 The Blue Room is an oval drawing room.
21837 Tegucigalpa, the capital and largest city of Honduras, lies among the mountains in the south-central part
of the country.
21838 Bananas, Honduras' chief product, are grown along the northern coast.
21839 Almaty, Kazakstan's capital, lies at the foot of the Tian Shan range.
21840 Paleontologists find fossils in areas where deep, fossil-bearing layers of rock are exposed.
21841 At the laboratory, scientists carefully study the fossils.
21842 A museum display of a dinosaur skeleton, such as this Brachiosaurus, consists of fossilized bones
mounted on a metal or plastic framework.
21843 One of the two main groups of chimpanzees is known simply as the chimpanzee, shown here.
21844
Pygmy chimpanzees, also called bonobos, are more slender and smaller than other chimpanzees.
21845
In a healthy water system, a cycle of natural processes turns waste material into useful substances.
21846 Water pollution occurs when people upset the balance with excess
21847 Eye surgery is often performed with the aid of a microscope to magnify the small, delicate structures of
the eye.
21848 The Woodstock festival of 1969 attracted more than 300,000 rock fans.
21849 Computers in the classroom provide a powerful learning tool.
21850 An infant's car seat helps protect the child from injury in automobile accidents.
21851 A Velcro fastening device is made up of tiny loops and hooks that fit together.
21852 A giant commercial airliner can bring all parts of the world within easy reach of one another by flying
large numbers of passengers long distances.
21853 Light planes make up most of the world's privately owned aeroplanes.
21854 The Boeing 747, the world's largest commercial airliner, can carry more than 400 people.
21855 Business executives use small jets, such as the 6-passenger Cessna Citation Bravo shown here, to fly
to out-of-town assignments or meetings.
21856 Four-engine jet transports are designed for long nonstop flights.
21857 Military planes carry out special duties for a nation's armed forces.
21858
A three-engine jet transport, such as the DC-10, generally makes shorter flights than four-engine jets do.
21859 Aerobatic planes perform difficult manoeuvres, such as flying in close formation.
21860 Ultralight planes, such as the one shown here, are flown for recreation.
21861 V/STOL's, or Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing planes, can take off and land without runways or on
short ones.
21862 This drawing shows the parts of a light plane, a Piper Cherokee.
21863 Both the pilot's and copilot's yokes control the ailerons and elevator.
21864 Aircraft assembly takes place in some of the largest manufacturing plants in the world, such as this huge
facility near Everett, Washington, where the Boeing 777 is manufactured.
21865 An "aerial steam carriage" was patented by William S. Henson of the United Kingdom in 1843.
21866 Belgium's largest city, Antwerp, is a major European port.
21867 In Brussels's main square, the Grand' Place, visitors may relax at an outdoor cafe.
21868 Farmland covers almost half of Belgium.
21869
Miranda, a satellite of Uranus, has three regions called ovoids whose outer ridges resemble race tracks.
21870 Io, which orbits Jupiter, is the most active moon known.
21871 Callisto, a moon of Jupiter, is completely covered with craters.
21872 A historic docking occurred in 1995, when the United States space shuttle Atlantis, left, became the first
U.S. spacecraft to link up with Russia's space station Mir, right.
21873 The Wright brothers' Flyer, which they built and flew in 1903, became the world's first successful
airplane.
21874 The Deperdussin racer, built in France in 1912, was one of the first planes with a monocoque (tubelike)
body, reducing the need for body braces and so lightening the plane.
21875 Sydney is the largest city in Australia.
21876 Rural communities in Australia serve mainly as marketing and shopping centers for farmers.
21877 Red kangaroo
21878 Assembly plants, such as this car-making plant in the Melbourne suburb of Broadmeadows, account for
much of Australia's industrial output.
21879 Golden wheat fields, such as this one in central New South Wales, are important to the Australian
economy.
21880 A ballerina's point shoe is handmade from leather or canvas and covered with satin.
21881 For level flight, a plane must keep lift balanced against gravity.
21882 Take-off
21883 Landing
21884 A VOR station sends out rays of radio signals, or radials,
21885 Tokyo at night glows with light.
21886 An actor in a no play performs a story with gestures and movements.
21887 A wind tunnel enables aircraft designers and engineers to test how a plane will perform under various
flying conditions.
21888 A mainframe computer is housed in several large cabinets.
21889 A multimedia computer entertains and educates children with a programme
21890 A microprocessor does the actual computing work in a computer.
21891 A computer-aided design (CAD) program helps an architect plan a building.
21892 Computer graphics helps produce pictures for medical diagnosis, such
21893 Schools use computers as a teaching aid.
21894 Inside a desktop computer are a microprocessor, which does the actual computing, and memory chips
and disk drives that provide data.
21895 Computer pioneers Stephen G. Wozniak, left, and Steven P. Jobs introduced the Apple II computer in
1977, making computing economical for families, schools, and small businesses.
21896 A notebook computer provides the speed and the storage capacity of a desktop machine in a batterypowered
unit for people who often work away from their desks.
21897 A palmtop computer has less power than a desktop machine, but its light weight and ease of use suit it
to such jobs as checking in rented cars at an
21898 Interference occurs when two waves of the same kind pass through the
21899 Viktor Chernomyrdin
21900 The Ainu may have been Japan's original inhabitants.
21901 Kabuki, a traditional form of Japanese drama, features chanting, music, colourful costumes and makeup,
and a lively and exaggerated acting style.
21902 Landscape prints, such as this wood-block print, flourished in Japan in
21903 Kyushu is the southernmost of Japan's main islands.
21904 Emperor Hirohito, on the white horse, reviewed Japanese troops
21905 A pin-tumbler lock contains an inner core called a plug,
21906 A card access system uses a card with a coded magnetic strip as a key.
21907 The Food Guide Pyramid
21908 Track and field stars of the 1996 Summer Olympics included Michael
21909 The dogtooth violet is a dainty spring wild flower.
21910 The Apollo spacecraft, shown here, carried three astronauts
21911 Jupiter acts like a giant magnet.
21912 Siphon
21913 Tilghman Island in Chesapeake Bay provides a natural harbour for pleasure boats.
21914 Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991.
21915
Preparing tortillas (pancakes made from maize flour) is a daily task for this Mexican woman in Oaxaca.
21916 Wall posters served as a means of communication in China for many years.
21917 Women in Mali grind grain into flour.
21918 Rice is the the chief food on the island of Borneo and a major export.
21919 Hong Kong City lies across Victoria Harbour from Kowloon, background.
21920 Small settlements with thatch-roofed buildings dot Kenya's countryside.
21921 The Gobi is the coldest, most northern desert in the world.
21922 The skyline of Abidjan rises alongside a lagoon.
21923 Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria was begun in 1869 by King Ludwig II,
21924 The Colosseum, in central Rome, is one of the most famous surviving architectural marvels of the
Roman Empire.
21925 Martin Luther, a German religious reformer of the 1500's, became the
21926 16th president of the United States, 1861-1865.
21927
The majestic Himalaya, the world's highest mountain system, rises along India's border with China.
21928 The Bavarian Alps, forming part of Germany's southern boundary, are part of Europe's highest mountain
chain.
21929 The Atlas Mountain Chain crosses the middle of Morocco.
21930 The first pyramid in ancient Egypt was built for King Zoser about 2650 B.C. It rises about 60 metres and
is called the Step Pyramid.
21931 Agriculture is the chief economic activity of Ethiopia.
21932 The Central Highlands are a series of flat to mountainous plateaus.
21933 Jews from many nations come to Jerusalem to pray at the Western Wall,
21934 Mark Twain was a great American humourist.
21935 The Alhambra is a palace and fortress in Granada, Spain.
21936 Athens, Greece's capital and largest city, contains many reminders of ancient Greek civilization.
21937 In Alsace, on the Northeastern Plateaus, vineyards spread over the rolling valleys and lower slopes of
the Vosges Mountains.
21938
Hawaii's tropical splendour includes beautiful beaches, such as Waikiki Beach, along the Pacific Ocean.
21939 A Connecticut village in autumn is ablaze with the brilliant colours of turning leaves.
21940 France produces more wine than any other country except Italy.
21941 The Ponte Vecchio (Old Bridge) spans the Arno River in Florence.
21942 Oktoberfest is a lively festival held in Munich each autumn.
21943 Rolling fields of crops create a picturesque rural landscape in Iowa.
21944 Life in rural Ghana centres mainly around villages, such as Nsawam.
21945
Daniel Boone has become a symbol of courage, leadership, and the frontier spirit in American history.
21946 Giant steel works in the state of Minas Gerais pour pig iron into ingot mouldings.
21947 Cambodian women separate rice kernels from the husks in the Angkor region.
21948 An Austrian baker creates some of the delicious pastries for which his country is famous.
21949 The Brandenburg Gate, a famous symbol of Berlin, stands between the
21950 Dry grazing land covers much of Australia west of the Eastern Highlands.
21951 Water transportation is important in many Asian countries.
21952 Chinese farmers work together on a collective farm.
21953 Ayers Rock (called Uluru in Aboriginal), a popular tourist attraction, stands in Uluru National Park in
central Australia.
21954 Rock paintings on the walls of caves and rock shelters were made
21955 Traditional clothing styles in Africa often feature bright colours and
21956 An outdoor fish market attracts shoppers in Valparaiso on Chile's Pacific coast.
21957 Yosemite National Park lies in the Sierra Nevada in east-central California.
21958 Agriculture is the most important economic activity in southern Chad.
21959 Cattle herding is a proud tradition south of the Sahara for such groups
21960 Rural housing varies according to climate, tradition, and available materials.
21961 The Alpine Mountain System covers much of southern Europe.
21962 Canals and rivers form an important transportation system in many parts of Europe.
21963 An open air kitchen shows the African influence in Brazilian cooking.
21964 The Battle of Tippecanoe took place in 1811 near present-day Lafayette.
21965 The Colorado Plateau is a region of high hills and deep lakes.
21966 The Eastern Lowlands have China's most productive farmland.
21967 Tepees were home to the Plains Indians who hunted the huge buffalo herds.
21968 The Great Wall of China is the longest structure ever built.
21969
Kenya's highland is a region of mountains, valleys, and plateaus in the southwestern part of the country.
21970 Handicrafts are practised widely in Latin America.
21971 William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681.
21972 Members of the Shan ethnic group gather at a colourful market in central Burma.
21973 Rice fields, such as the one shown here, help make India the world's
21974 A softball game is designed for blind players.
21975 A fetish is an object believed to have magical powers.
21976 Mining provides vital raw materials for American industry.
21977 Death Valley, California, the country's driest place, receives less than 5 centimetres of precipitation
yearly.
21978 The rice fields of Vietnam provide the basic food of the Vietnamese people.
21979 A network of roads crisscrosses the United States.
21980 Quebec, the capital of the province of Quebec, lies on the St. Lawrence River.
21981 The West Indies are islands of great natural beauty.
21982 A fishing village has small houses that stand close together.
21983 A scenic Lancaster County farm lies amid the rolling plains of Pennsylvania's Piedmont region.
21984 The spectacular scenery of the Pacific Islands attracts many tourists.
21985 Red-breasted nuthatch
21986 Barn owl (Tyto alba); Found on all continents except Antarctica; Body length: 46 centimetres.
21987 The skyscrapers of central Chicago form a magnificent backdrop for the city's beautiful lakefront.
21988 Venus's-flytrap
21989 A carbonized fossil of a fern consists of traces of carbon in the shape
21990 Fields of maize grow from the rich, fertile soil of Missouri's plains region.
21991 The Port of Los Angeles, on San Pedro Bay, handles more foreign and domestic ships than any other
West Coast port.
21992 Rhode Island Red hen
21993 A bighorn ram has massive, curved horns.
21994 Lampworking involves heating finished glass and reshaping it by hand.
21995 Copper-wheel engraving can produce ornate three-dimensional designs in glass.
21996 Domestic goats are important farm animals throughout the world.
21997 Domestic goats are important farm animals throughout the world.
21998 Strip cropping, the alternation of thickly growing crops with other crops, helps reduce soil erosion on
sloping land.
21999 Erosion by water can occur rapidly when rain water flows down sloping
22000 An early design for a flying machine was drawn about 1500 by Leonardo da Vinci.
22001 Improved gliders were built and tested by Orville and Wilbur Wright of
22002 After shown here, that the pilot could control
22003 The first glider flights in which a person actually piloted the glider were made in the early 1890's by Otto
Lilienthal of Germany.
22004 Two European dictators, Adolf Hitler of Germany, left, and Benito Mussolini of Italy, right, dreamed of
powerful empires.
22005 Buckminster Fuller became famous for designing large, lightweight prefabricated enclosures called
geodesic domes.
22006 Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India.
22007
A bowl in the form of a jaguar was produced by the Chavin culture, which thrived in ancient Peru from
about 1200 to 400 B.C. In addition to creating such works in stone, the Chavin also sculpted in gold.
22008 Slovenia is a mountainous country in central Europe.
22009 A guardian figure was created by the Kota people of Gabon.
22010
Surgical implantation of a plastic intraocular lens can restore normal vision in a patient with a cataract.
22011 Agricultural spray planes, also known as crop dusters, are used to spray farm crops with liquid fertilizer
or insecticide.
22012 The Kongo people of Congo (Kinshasa) seal oaths and settle legal disputes by driving nails and other
objects into a male figure called a nkisi.
22013 Elaborate masks play an important role in public dances.
22014 The mule has long ears, a short mane, and a tail tipped with long hairs.
22015 The Senufo people of the Ivory Coast created this ceremonial mask.
22016
The male mandrill has vivid colouring that helps make it one of the most unusual looking monkeys.
22017 Confucianism has been called both a religion and a philosophy.
22018 Mount Fuji, overlooking Lake Kawaguchi, symbolizes the great natural beauty of Japan.
22019 Fishing is an important industry in Japan.
22020 Many Japanese Buddhists visit the Daibutsu (Great Buddha),
22021 Some penicillium moulds, such as the one shown here, cause citrus
22022 Thickly forested mountains and hills cover about 70 per cent of Japan, creating scenes of great natural
beauty.
22023 Japan is rich in both advanced technology and natural beauty.
22024 Homer is traditionally considered the author of the great Greek epics the Iliad and the Odyssey.
22025 Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya.
22026 40th president of the United States, 1980-1989.
22027 35th president of the United States, 1961-1963.
22028 Libraries play an important role in the work, education, and recreation of millions of people.
22029 Building a snow house involves cutting blocks of hard snow and stacking
22030 Building a kayak begins with constructing a sturdy wooden frame, like
22031 Mosses tend to grow in bunches, and they often form dense mats that cover large areas.
22032
Luciano Pavarotti, an Italian lyric tenor, is one of the world's most popular concert and opera singers.
22033 A traditional dance performed by members of the Samburu ethnic group,
22034 The Imperial Palace is the home of the Japanese emperor.
22035 The traveller's-tree has leaves that fan out from its trunk.
22036 Intermodal transport is the movement of freight by more than one method.
22037 Waimea Canyon, Hawaii, was formed by water from Mount Waialeale.
22038 Catching fish in Inuit culture involves spearing the fish through holes in the ice.
22039 The land region of Transylvania extends through central and northwestern Romania.
22040 Switzerland is famous for its
22041 The Great Sphinx is a huge limestone statue that lies in the desert near Giza, Egypt.
22042 Iron-ore mining,shown here, contributes to Chile's economy.
22043 The town of Ushuaia, Argentina, lies on rugged, windswept Tierra
22044 St. Lucia is a small island country in the Caribbean Sea.
22045
The skyline of Nashville, the Tennessee state capital, rises behind the Broadway district of the city.
22046 Big Bend National Park lies within the great bend of the Rio Grande River in western Texas.
22047
The Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, was formerly the home of the Dalai Lama and is now a museum.
22048 Vast barren plains cover much of central Anatolia.
22049 Manufacturing is one of Turkey's chief industries.
22050 A swamp that includes bald cypress trees lies in Florida's Everglades National Park in the southernmost
part of the Coastal Lowlands.
22051 Desert areas cover much of the Western Plateaus, Basins, and Ranges land region, west of the
Rockies.
22052 The Pacific Coast forms the western border of the Pacific Ranges and Lowlands region, which extends
from Canada to Mexico.
22053 A Roman Catholic church in Batalha, shown here,
22054 An ultrasound examination uses sound waves to produce an image of the
22055 Red blood cells carry oxygen to body tissues.
22056 Hunza is a long, narrow valley in the Karakoram mountain range at the northern tip of Pakistan.
22057 The majestic Lincoln Memorial has a famous statue of Lincoln inside.
22058 The Supreme Court Building is where Supreme Court justices meet to interpret the laws that govern the
United States.
22059 The Palace of Versailles and its grounds make up one of the most beautiful sights in France.
22060 Victoria Glacier rises behind Lake Louise along Alberta's southwestern border.
22061 Bearded mille fleur hen
22062 Peruvian farms spread across the foothills of the Andes Mountains towering in the distance.
22063 Syrian women cultivate crops on an experimental farm that is part of an irrigation project on the
Euphrates River.
22064 An emu feeding in a meadow.
22065 Computers help meteorologists forecast the weather by solving equations that describe the behaviour of
the atmosphere.
22066
Pago Pago, American Samoa's capital, lies on one of the most beautiful harbours in the South Pacific.
22067 The New York Stock Exchange ranks as the nation's largest stock exchange.
22068 A flowering wattle.
22069 Koala eating eucalyptus leaves
22070 The flowering dogwood is a small North American tree that is covered with large flowers in the
springtime.
22071 Video game units, such as arcade machines, are dedicated computers, devices designed mainly to
perform one task.
22072 Many people enjoy dining at home in traditional Japanese style.
22073 Sumo is a traditional form of Japanese wrestling that is one of the country's most popular sports.
22074 A Tokyo railway station is crowded with commuters.
22075 Shinto and Buddhism are the two major religious traditions in Japan.
22076 An Osaka street scene reflects the common ancestry of most Japanese.
22077 Dame Margot Fonteyn is often considered the greatest British ballerina of all time.
22078 A pen-based computer accepts input from a penlike stylus rather than from a keyboard.
22079 An inkjet printer produces images created on computers.
22080 A hard drive stores information in a personal computer.
22081
A graphical user interface (GUI) uses words, phrases, and pictures to represent computer commands.
22082 In the Northern Hemisphere, the margins of many ponds and lakes are fringed with trees such as alders
and willows.
22083 Western Australia is the largest state of Australia.
22084 Alexandria lies along the Mediterranean coast.
22085 The Asian Games are held every four years.
22086 Heads of government of member countries arrive in Singapore to attend the fourth ASEAN summit
meeting.
22087 In a landslide victory on May 1, 1997, Labour leader Tony Blair ended 18 years of Conservative rule and
succeeded John Major as prime minister of the United Kingdom.
22088 The library of Trinity College, Dublin, has a million volumes, including Ireland's greatest manuscript, The
Book of Kells.
22089 The coastal region of northern Queensland includes small islands
22090 The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, one of the world's most famous golf courses, lies near
the North Sea.
22091 The Brazilian team, winners of the fourth World Cup trophy in 1994.
22092 Santiago de los Caballeros lies on the banks of the Yaque del Norte River and is the Dominican
Republic's second largest city.
22093 Santo Domingo's architecture reflects Spain's long dominance of the Dominican Republic.
22094 The Guildhall on the banks of the Foyle is part of the historic
22095 Oil palm fruit is transported to a factory where it is shelled and cleaned before being processed.
22096 Sulphur Springs rise from a low-lying volcanic crater at Soufriere, St. Lucia.
22097 The Grenadines have beautiful white sand beaches and green hills.
22098 The Victorian Parliament House stands in Spring Street in Melbourne.
22099 Rocky outcrops on the Eastern Cape Wild Coast are frequented
22100 Roadside vendors in Mpumalanga display souvenirs made
22101 Goh became prime minister of Singapore in 1990.
22102 The West Coast Eagles team who have twice won the Australian Football League.
22103 The prime minister's office is in Port-of-Spain, the capital of Trinidad and Tobago.
22104 Steel bands are a popular form of musical entertainment in the West Indies.
22105 Sun City, in North West Province, is southern Africa's most popular
22106 Copper mining at Okiep is important to the economy of South Africa's Northern Cape Province.
22107 The West Indies is an area of great natural beauty.
22108 Fresh fruit and vegetables, an important part of West Indian cooking, are sold at an open market in St.
George's, Grenada.
22109 Political independence has brought challenges and problems to the West Indies.
22110 Balance, by Singapore sculptor Ng Eng Teng (1981), is both massive and elegant.
22111 Tobago is a tranquil holiday island with scenic beaches.
22112 The crested porcupine of the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa makes its home underground where it is
cool.
22113 The national stadium in Kingston is the venue for major sporting
22114 Dunns River Falls, near Ocho Rios, is a favourite beauty spot with tourists.
22115 John Bruton, an Irish Fine Gael politician, became taoiseach (prime minister) of the Republic of Ireland
in 1994.
22116 Taking samples from factory discharges is an important part of monitoring and controlling water
pollution.
22117 A street scene in Sydney reflects the strong European ancestry of the Australian people.
22118 Aborigines are descendants of Australia's first inhabitants, who migrated from Asia thousands of years
ago.
22119 Fatehpur Sikri, in Uttar Pradesh, was built in the 1500's as Akbar's capital.
22120 India achieved independence in August 1947.
22121 Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913.
22122 Nagaland's people are called Nagas.
22123 New South Wales Parliament House stands in Macquarie Street in Sydney.
22124 Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.
22125 Australian Aborigines are the descendants of the first people to live in Australia.
22126 The Rajput Regiment, wearing their kalgis (turbans), take part in India's Republic Day parade.
22127 Pine forests cover the hills and mountains near the resort town of Baguio, northern Luzon.
22128 My Brilliant Career, by Miles Franklin, was published in 1901 and described adolescent life in a bush
society.
22129 Shankar Dayal Sharma
22130 Sydney Airport is Australia's busiest airport.
22131 A British family talk with an immigration official at Australia House in London in the early 1950's.
22132 Australian Aborigines participated in a symbolic reclaiming
22133 Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland, has many high-rise office blocks.
22134 Land rights have been an important public issue since the 1970's.
22135 Calcutta, the largest city in eastern India, stands on the east bank of the Hooghly River.
22136 St. Paul's Cathedral, in London, was rebuilt to a design by Sir Christopher Wren, after the Great Fire of
1666.
22137 The European Parliament meets 12 times a year in the Palais de l'Europe in Strasbourg, France.
22138 India's electronics industry is expanding rapidly.
22139 Resorts like Fuengirola in Spain have grown rapidly in recent decades
22140 Rugby Union World Cup, England vs France
22141 The last night of the Proms has become a festive occasion for both promenaders and the members of
the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
22142 South African Shaun Pollock captures an Engalnd wicket during the
22143 Rajgir, in Bihar, is a pilgrimage site for Buddhists and Jains.
22144 Gauteng is a province in the northern region of South Africa.
22145 A potter in Sanchi makes clay pots for local residents.
22146 At a political convention in Vienna, Italy, Gianfranco Fini, leader of Italy's right wing party, National
Alliance (AN), heads a rally on his campaign trail in the Italian elections of 1996.
22147 The Mennakshi Temple is a magnificent example of Dravidian architecture.
22148 Nagarjunasagar Dam is located on the Krishna River in central Andhra Pradesh, creating the largest
lake in the state.
22149
Tawang monastery in Arunachal Pradesh is one of the largest Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in India.
22150 The gardens and palaces at Pinjore were built by Fidai Khan in the 1700's.
22151 Nearly 30 per cent of the total population of West Bengal live in towns, but nearly 10 million of these live
in Calcutta.
22152 Huge cinema hoardings are common in India's cities.
22153 Camels are used as transport by the people of the Thar desert, in northwestern Rajasthan.
22154 Horse-drawn carriages were used to transport firefighters
22155 Manchester Public Library in Manchester, England, is a building of grand, classical elegance.
22156 An Angel at my Table"
22157 Tourism is one of Uttar Pradesh's most important industries.
22158 Karnataka's rocks are extremely rich in minerals such as chromite, copper, iron ore, gold, manganese,
and mica.
22159 Cattle play an important part in the lives of Zulu people in rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal.
22160 Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.
22161 Mitre Peak at Dawn
22162 Vegetable market
22163 About 80 per cent of Western Cape is farmland.
22164 The Himalaya is a region of rugged, impassable mountains and steep valleys, like this one in Himachal
Pradesh, in India.
22165 Woodbush state forest
22166 The Olgas are gigantic, dome-shaped rocks 30 kilometres west
22167 Assam is famous for its tea.
22168 Deve Gowda became prime minister of India in 1996, as head of
22169 State primary schools provide six years of free education for Philippine children.
22170 The Murray River flows through the town of Renmark and across the Lower Murray Basin to Encounter
Bay.
22171 The Abbey Theatre became famous for producing plays that represent Irish life, such as Sean O'Casey's
Shadow of a Gunman.
22172 An interior designed by Robert Adam for 20 Portman Square, in London, shows his use of elegant wall
decorations.
22173 St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral, is one of the many beautiful churches in Adelaide.
22174 Ahmad Shah's mosque stands in the Bhadra citadel in Ahmadabad.
22175 Alice Springs is a popular tourist resort.
22176 The festival of Kumbh Mela, held every 12 years, draws millions of Hindus to Allahabad for ritual selfpurification
in the water where the Ganges and Jumna rivers meet.
22177 The Golden Temple is the main centre of Sikh devotion in Amritsar, India.
22178 Rice, the main food crop of Andhra Pradesh, is winnowed by hand on many farms to separate the husks
from the grain.
22179
A Benin sculpture, made in about 1700, follows a tradition of honouring the king of Benin in West Africa.
22180 Antique ceramics follow a tradition started in China.
22181 The city of Armagh has been Ireland's ecclesiastical capital since the A.D. 400's.
22182 People of Assam work in traditional handicraft industries.
22183 The vast interior of Australia consists mainly of deserts and dry grasslands.
22184 The Australian Army is a fairly small volunteer force.
22185 F111 aircraft built in the United States were modified to meet
22186 Adelaide Festival Theatre (1973), by Hassall and Partners, is considered one of the best theatres built in
the 1970's.
22187 The new federal Parliament House in Canberra was opened in 1988.
22188 The Eurasian badger is a woodland animal.
22189 Bangalore is a major industrial centre in India.
22190 Asoka's great contribution as a ruler was the way he put the Buddhist teachings into practice.
22191
Herbert Asquith, a British statesman, served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916.
22192
Belfast City Hall, a huge Renaissance-style building in Donegall Square, is a major landmark of the city.
22193 Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneswar, built in the 1000's, is one
22194 Steel is produced here at Jamshedpur, in Bihar.
22195 Bombay is famed for its fine buildings.
22196
Graceful towers, or minarets, of Muslim houses of worship called mosques beautify Cairo's evening sky.
22197 The new Parliament House in Canberra dominates the city's skyline from Capital Hill.
22198 South Africa's Houses of Parliament are in the Gardens area of Cape
22199 Augrabies Falls are waterfalls of the Orange River in the north of the Cape Province area.
22200 The mirror carp, a specially bred variety of the common carp, gets its name from its large mirrorlike
scales.
22201 Gandhi's Bhavan Memorial Library, Chandigarh.
22202 The centre of Christchurch, New Zealand, has many parks and gardens.
22203 The English cocker spaniel is a popular pet.
22204 A long-haired collie has a coarse coat.
22205 The Commonwealth Games take place every four years.
22206 A European coot nests among waterside vegetation.
22207 The Australian copperhead lives in the highlands and colder parts of Tasmania and southeastern
Australia.
22208 The common cormorant, has white cheeks and is about 90 centimetres
22209 The fielding positions shown in the diagram are those that
22210 The carrion crow lives throughout Europe, North Africa, and Asia.
22211 The Old World common cuckoo lays its eggs in the nest of
22212 The Kariba Dam is located on the Zambezi River.
22213 The Tungabhadra Dam, in southern India, regulates the flow of seasonal monsoon rains to provide
irrigation for about 8,000 square kilometres of cropland, as well as electricity.
22214 The Darling is Australia's longest river.
22215 The Darling Downs produces most of Queensland's grain.
22216 Darts is a game in which the players try to score points by throwing darts at a target.
22217 Darwin is the capital of Australia's Northern Territory.
22218 Roe deer are small deer native to Europe and northern Asia.
22219 The city of New Delhi was carefully planned and its wide avenues contrast with the narrow streets of Old
Delhi.
22220 The bird's name may come from its habit of dipping or bobbing.
22221 The boxer is a medium-sized dog which was bred for bear hunting and bull baiting.
22222 A Great Dane makes a good guard dog and family pet.
22223 Soft-coated wheaten terrier
22224 The donkey has long been a beast of burden in many countries, and it is known for its gentleness and
strength.
22225 The plays of British playwright Harold Pinter frequently express a sense of menace.
22226
Ormond Quay, on the River Liffey in Dublin, displays a changing play of light on riverside brick buildings.
22227
Durban's Town Hall shows the strong influence of European architecture on the city's early settlers.
22228 St. Giles Cathedral, along Edinburgh's Royal Mile, is a popular stopping place for visitors touring the
many historic attractions in the heart of the city.
22229
At Nairobi University in Kenya, students, lecturers, and visitors arrive for a graduation day ceremony.
22230 A special computer can compare a person's fingerprints with those in a central file.
22231
The Cairo earthquake of October 1992 killed more than 500 people, and injured thousands of others.
22232 England's flag is called St. George's Cross.
22233 The flame tree is one of Australia's most colourful trees.
22234 Auckland city has Waitemata Harbour on its northern and eastern sides.
22235 Football was played in English independent schools in the mid-1800's.
22236 Bloemfontein, the capital of Free State, is an extensive modern city with industrial areas, public
buildings, and residential suburbs.
22237 Red ginger is a type of ginger grown commercially for its rhizome (underground stem).
22238 Girl Guides in a village in India give advice on primary health care.
22239 Beaches lined with palm trees make Goa a popular tourist destination for visitors to India.
22240 Gold is mined in a number of different ways.
22241 A textile worker in Gujarat blends chemicals for use in the tie-dye process.
22242 A street in Ahmadabad is crowded with shoppers and market stalls.
22243 The Chinese hibiscus is a tropical plant that is grown as a house plant in temperate regions.
22244 Lakshmi, goddess of good fortune, is honoured in this Hindu temple in Delhi, India's capital city.
22245 Hobart stands on the Derwent River below Mount Wellington.
22246 The red billed hornbill lives in Africa.
22247 The Clydesdale is one of the strongest horses.
22248 The Charminar stands at the centre of the old city of Hyderabad.
22249 King Ibn Saud met U. S. President F. D. Roosevelt aboard a U. S.
22250 The art of India has one of its finest monuments in the cave temples of Ajanta, western India.
22251 M. F. Husain is one of the most creative modern Indian painters of the
22252 Indian dance is one of the oldest and most colourful of arts.
22253 Gandhi, fighter for nationhood.
22254 Independence is proudly commemorated by the National Monument in Merdeka Square, Jakarta.
22255 The influence of Islam had reached Indonesia by the late 1200's
22256 Sukarno and Suharto survived the attempted Gestapu coup of 1965.
22257 Workers assemble telephone components in a small factory on the Aran Islands, off Ireland's west
coast.
22258
St. Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, is traditionally regarded as having converted the Irish to Christianity.
22259 The Irish playwright and literary critic George Bernard Shaw was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature
in 1925.
22260 Followers of Jainism make a pilgrimage to Parasnath Hill, a holy site in Bihar, northern India.
22261 Modern buildings in Jakarta line the Husni Thamrin Road leading to the Welcome Monument.
22262 The festival of lamas in Ladakh, northern Jammu and Kashmir.
22263 Gunung Semeru is 3,676 metres high.
22264 Petroleum is Java's main mineral product.
22265 Jays are related to ravens and crows but usually have more colourful feathers.
22266 The common juniper usually grows low to the ground, forming a dense mat.
22267 Vidhana Saudha in Bangalore is the building that houses the state legislature of Karnataka.
22268 Sculptured deities, intricately carved, adorn much of the Hoysala temple built at Halebid, Karnataka, in
about 1120.
22269 Beach resorts are a feature of Kerala's sandy coastline.
22270 Hindus celebrate the festival of Pooram.
22271 Kingfishers live in woods or near water.
22272 Victoria reigned from 1837-1901.
22273 Offa (Reigned 757-796).
22274 Edgar (Reigned 959-975).
22275 Robert I (reigned 1306-1329).
22276 Elizabeth II (Reigned 1952-...).
22277 Kruger National Park, the largest national park in the world, is home to some 7,000 elephants.
22278 Theau Hou Temple stands on a hillside just beyond the central area of Kuala Lumpur City.
22279 The University Library of Delhi is an attractive centre of learning set amid beautiful parkland in the
spacious and well-planned modern city of New Delhi, capital of India.
22280
The Old Palace, Gwalior, has been carefully restored and maintained, and is now a tourist attraction.
22281
Madras University, founded by the British in 1857, is the main university of the state of Tamil Nadu.
22282 The festival of the elephant god Ganesh is an important celebration for Hindus in Maharashtra.
22283 Malaysia's coat-of-arms
22284 Railway station in Kuala Lumpur
22285 A school in Malaysia provides six years of primary education and up to five years of secondary
education.
22286 Kite flying is popular on the east coast of Malaysia.
22287 Palm nuts go by the truckload to the mill to be crushed.
22288 Malaysia's Parliament House includes a tall, modern, office block which overlooks the Lake Gardens in
Kuala Lumpur.
22289 Rubber tapping attracted many workers to Malaysia.
22290 Chin Peng, the Malaysian Communist guerilla leader, conferred with Tunku Abdul Rahman and the
Alliance at Baling in 1955.
22291 Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur was chosen for the athletics events of the Southeast Asian games in
1989.
22292 Manila is a large, populous city with elegant modern buildings, well-designed parks and public spaces,
and some spacious residential areas.
22293 The Marsupial cat, also called native cat or dasyure, is a small, furry mammal that lives in forests of
Australia and Tasmania.
22294 Cherrapunji in Meghalaya has received more than 25 metres of rainfall in a single year.
22295 Melbourne's pedestrian shopping malls offer a wide variety of goods and services.
22296 Sir Robert Gordon Menzies served as prime minister of Australia for two periods--1939 to 1941 and
1949 to 1966.
22297 The Dome of the Rock is located in the city of Jerusalem.
22298 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.
22299 The male alpine newt uses its bright coloured belly to attract the female, and to warn predators that it is
poisonous.
22300 Northern Ireland's flag and coat of arms have a six-pointed star and the ancient Ulster symbol of a red
hand.
22301 Industries in Northern Ireland draw on modern technology.
22302 The golden oriole breeds in Europe.
22303 Puri is one of Orissa's largest cities.
22304
This carved stone wheel is one of 24 that adorn the temple of the sun god Surya, at Konarak, in Orissa.
22305
A boat trip in Pahang goes down the Tahan and Terenggan rivers in the Taman Negara national park.
22306 Islam is the religion practised by most Pakistanis.
22307 Pantomimes are a traditional form of entertainment at Christmastime.
22308 The Australian pelican, the largest species of pelican, grows up to 1.8 metres long.
22309 Kek Lok Si Temple, at Ayer Itam, Penang, is the largest Buddhist temple in Malaysia.
22310 The Ubudiah Mosque stands outside the royal town of Kuala Kangsar, in Perak.
22311
Negritos are a small, dark-skinned people descended from the earliest known inhabitants of the islands.
22312 Gold ore is one of the minerals mined in the Philippines, especially in northern Luzon.
22313 Laundrywoman was painted in 1942 by Fernando Amorsolo.
22314 The Manunggul Jar, found in Manunggul cave on Palawan Island, dates from Neolithic times( 68
centimetres high).
22315 Crucifixion is a Roman Catholic devotional icon finely carved and decorated in a traditional Spanish
style.
22316 Batasang Pambansa is the Filipino title of the national assembly, or parliament, of the Philippines,
established by the 1973 Constitution.
22317 Jose Rizal was a young doctor and political reformist whose writings demanded more freedom and
equality for Filipinos.
22318 President Manuel Quezon left and General Douglas MacArthur during the time MacArthur served as
military adviser to the Philippines.
22319 Houses were made of slabs of wood at first.
22320 The horse was an important aid in farm work and transport for pioneers in rural Australia.
22321
The rock pipit breeds in rugged coastal areas, feeding mainly on shoreline insects and plant foods.
22322 Fingerprints are often an important source of evidence.
22323 The collared pratincole often nests on sun-baked salt flats.
22324 U.S. President Bill Clinton applauds as South African President F. W. de Klerk shakes the hand of
Nelson Mandela, who succeeded him as president in 1994.
22325 Mary Robinson, first woman president of the Republic of Ireland, was awarded a degree by diploma at
Oxford University, the United Kingdom, in 1993.
22326 Pretoria is called the Jacaranda City because of the beauty of its jacaranda trees in bloom.
22327 In a Punjabi village, the animals are well fed.
22328 The common quail breeds in Europe or Asia.
22329 Quezon City is the home of the Philippine Heart Centre for Asia, shown.
22330 Indian railways carry more than 10 million people every day.
22331 Houses in Jodhpur are built close together.
22332 Hanuman, the monkey general, helped Rama recapture his wife.
22333 Portrait of Fidel Ramos
22334 The European robin lives throughout Europe.
22335 The roller, perched high in a tree, searches for insect prey.
22336 A rosella has brightly coloured feathers.
22337 The royal family of Japan.
22338 King Juan Carlos of Spain and Queen Sofia.
22339 Portrait of King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz of Saudi Arabia
22340 Members of the Royal Family appear on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the ceremony of
Trooping the Colour, which takes place on the Queen's official birthday.
22341 A Rugby football field consists of the field of play and the
22342 A suq (bazaar) in Saudi Arabia usually groups sellers of similar wares together.
22343 Riyadh, the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia, is the main headquarters of the country's vast oil
industry and has become a world business centre.
22344 Scotland's flag is called St. Andrew's Cross.
22345 Malt whisky distilling is an important industry.
22346 Scotland's islands present a remarkable variety of scenery.
22347 Long before Celtic culture reached Scotland, New Stone Age people built well-ordered villages, such as
Skara Brae, on the island of Orkney.
22348 The tomb of Robert Bruce lies in Dunfermline Abbey.
22349 The secretary bird has long legs and a long tail.
22350 Selangor state mosque is a striking modern building in the newly
22351 The English hand alphabet forms part of the British Sign Language used by most deaf people in the
United Kingdom to carry on conversations.
22352 Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim, lies among mountains in terrain that is typical of the state.
22353 The city of Singapore is built around its harbour.
22354 Chinese people form the majority of Singapore's population.
22355 The coat of arms carries a shield with the moon and stars of the flag.
22356 The Clifford Centre is a waterfront development in Singapore.
22357 Men's marathon
22358 The snapper lives in warm southern waters.
22359 South Africa's Parliament Buildings, in Cape Town, date from the 1880's.
22360 Locally grown oranges and avocados are sold at a roadside fruit stall
22361 Table Bay is a painting by Thomas Bowler.
22362 Street Scene (1945) is by Gerard Sekoto, one of the first black artists to paint scenes from black
townships.
22363 The Khoisan peoples have lived in South Africa for thousands of years, and were the first native peoples
encountered by Europeans.
22364 South Africa's first nonracial general election resulted in an overwhelming majority for the African
National Congress (ANC).
22365 Spiraea is a flowering shrub often grown in gardens.
22366 A royal spoonbill feeds its chick.
22367 Squatters in Australia mainly reared sheep and cattle at first.
22368 Tree squirrels are alert and agile.
22369 The superb starling of Africa lives near human habitation.
22370 Hatfield House was built in Hertfordshire in 1611.
22371 Statice, also called sea lavender, grows in salt marshes.
22372 The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the largest in the world and one of the busiest.
22373 Many Aborigines are more or less divorced from their traditional setting, while others still have an almost
traditional lifestyle.
22374 Portrait of President Suharto of Indonesia
22375 A Batak market takes place on the shore of Lake Toba, the homeland of the Batak people in the
mountains of North Sumatra.
22376 Sunbirds are small, brightly coloured songbirds.
22377 The wire-tailed swallow lives in Africa and South Asia.
22378 Madras is the capital and commercial centre of Tamil Nadu.
22379 Hobart, the capital city of Tasmania, is located on the beautiful Derwent River.
22380 Woureddy, a Tasmanian Aborigine, was painted by Thomas Bock in 1837.
22381 Margaret Thatcher became Britain's first woman prime minister on May 4, 1979.
22382 The blue tit is a common bird of European woodlands.
22383 The "New" Bosporus Bridge, opened in 1988, eases the flow of Istanbul's traffic.
22384 Much of England's countryside is laid out in a patchwork of fields, meadows, and small towns and
villages.
22385 Derry, in Northern Ireland, is an historic city.
22386
Caerphilly Castle, near Cardiff, in Wales, is a large and impressive example of a medieval fortress.
22387 Kirkwall, in Scotland, is capital of the Orkney Islands.
22388 The United Kingdom has more than 1,000 museums and galleries.
22389 The Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal, seen here in the centre, is fitted with a "skijump" ramp
on deck to improve the takeoff of the Sea Harrier.
22390 Graduation marks the end of education for university students, who wear traditional gowns for the
ceremony.
22391 Arthur Benjamin was an Australian-born composer.
22392 Bhagavad-Gita is part of Book Six of the Mahabharata, the great Indian epic poem.
22393
The tomb of Itimad ud Daulah is one of the impressive buildings that attract visitors to the city of Agra.
22394 Valletta is the picturesque capital of Malta.
22395 Sweet violet gets the first part of its name from the sweet perfume of its flowers.
22396 Treaty House is on the site where the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840.
22397 The flag of Wales features a red dragon on a white and green background.
22398 The Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon, Gwent, lies outside the legionary fortress, which was built about
A.D. 75.
22399 Wallabies include red-necked wallabies, which in Tasmania are called Bennett's wallabies.
22400 Zebra finches are waxbills named after the black and white barred plumage of the male birds.
22401 Saris woven in Bengal silk are made in traditional ways.
22402 The Big Four met for the Paris Peace Conference in 1918.
22403 A British government poster encouraged people at home to work for the war effort by easing food
shortages.
22404 Civil defence was dangerous work.
22405 The walls of Great Zimbabwe are made of granite.
22406 Zinnias are popular garden flowers.
22407 Eamon de Valera was a leader in Ireland's fight for independence from the United Kingdom.
22408 Mrs. Indira Gandhi was the first woman prime minister of India.
22409 Government buildings in New Delhi line a wide avenue called the Rajpath.
22410 David Lloyd George was a British Liberal Party leader, and prime minister during the last half of World
War I [1914-1918].
22411 John Major became prime minister of the United Kingdom (UK) in 1990.
22412 Tall, graceful Lombardy poplars are sometimes used in roadside landscaping.
22413 Schoolchildren in Western Cape gather in a playground during their break.
22414
South Africa's magnificent scenery includes deep valleys, towering mountains, and broad plateaus.
22415
Gold mining has long provided enormous wealth for South Africa, the world's leading gold producer.
22416 The springbok has long, slender legs and curved horns.
22417 Chaim Weizmann served as the first president of Israel from 1949 until his death in 1952.
22418 Act of Union was signed by Queen Anne in 1707.
22419 The rhizome of a ginger plant is hard and knobbly.
22420 Alfred (Reigned 871-899).
22421 Canute (Reigned 1016-1035).
22422 David II (Reigned 1329-1371).
22423 The National Museum of Wales has departments of geology, botany, zoology, archaeology, industry,
and art.
22424 Howard Carter, an English archaeologist, specialized in excavating
22425 Leonard Cheshire was a leading British bomber pilot during World
22426 The George Medal, a British award, can be won by civilians and members of the services for great
heroism.
22427 The Order of Australia is Australia's highest award, and is given to Australians and foreigners for
outstanding civil or military merit.
22428 Sir Edward Elgar was largely self-taught in composition.
22429 Hurling is said to be the fastest field game in the world.
22430 Gustav Holst was an English composer and teacher.
22431 James Ramsay MacDonald led the first Labour Party government of the United Kingdom.
22432 Imphal derives its name from Yumpham meaning homestead and is
22433 A Maori woman in traditional dress stands in front of an elaborate example of Maori woodcarving.
22434 Much so-called steel drum music is now played on glossy chrome and steel instruments.
22435 Emmeline Goulden Pankhurst, with her followers, including her daughter Christabel, shown with her
here, led the fight for women's voting rights in England.
22436 Henry Purcell (1659-1695)? , an English composer of the Baroque
22437 Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was a British physicist who, in 1911, established the nuclear model of the
atom.
22438 Portrait of Sukarno
22439 The marina at Swansea is part of the changing face of the city in the late 1900's.
22440 Howard Carter made his most important discovery, the tomb of
22441 Soweto is a large urban centre close to Johannesburg.
22442 Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, became a renowned international statesman.
22443 The American hand alphabet is used in the United States and other countries.
22444 A Rugby football field consists of the field of play and the
22445 Colonialism has featured prominently n the histories of many countries.
22446
Aboriginal art is mainly produced in the northernmost part of Australia, especially in Arnhem Land.
22447 Inder Kumar Gujral, previously Minister of External
22448 The 700 feet high Cliffs of Moher on the west coast of Ireland.
22449
Kylemore Abbey is a castellated mansion built in Co. Galway in the latter part of the 19th century.
22450 Bertie Ahern, the leader of the Fianna Fail party casting his vote on June 6, 1997.
22451 Bertie Ahern, who became prime minister of the Irish coalition government in June 1997, shaking hands
with the outgoing prime minister, John Bruton.
22452 Perth is located on the beautiful Swan River.
22453 Jenny Shipley, New Zealand's first woman prime minister, is sworn in by Governor General Sir Michael
Hardie Boys.
22454 The Docklands Light Railway connects the redeveloped area of Docklands to London.
22455 Mourners left millions of flowers and other tributes outside Kensington Palace after the death of Diana,
Princess of Wales
22456 Canadian soldiers at work during World War I.
22457 Following the second war of 1852, the UK occupied and governed Lower Burma.
22458 The Battle of Fredericksburg took place on 13 December 1862.
22459 British and Commonwealth troops recover ground taken by Italian forces early in the North African
campaign.
22460 Boer forces - pictured with a 200 lb gun - laid siege to the town of Mafeking (now Mafikeng) from
October, 1899 until May, 1900.
22461 Frederick John Perry, a renowned British tennis player of the 1930's.
22462 A drawing of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, in 1883.
22463 Hooded novices in Baltimore, U.S.A, take the oath of allegiance before cross and flag to become
members of this secret society in 1923.
22464 Following his abdication in March, 1917, the former czar and his family were moved to Tobolsk, Siberia,
in order to escape persecution by the Bolsheviks.
22465 Grigori Rasputin, (1872?-1916), Russian monk and mystic.
22466 Michael Faraday, an English physicist and chemist whose many experiments contributed greatly to the
understanding of electromagnetics.
22467 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, French emperor from 1852 to 1870.
22468 Charles Stewart Rolls, a British motorist, aviator, and automobile manufacturer.
22469 A view of Nagasaki following the explosion of the atom bomb in 1945.
22470 Tanks were developed during World War I.
22471 The rebellion by Chinese troops in 1911 resulted in the downfall of the Manchu dynasty and the
establishment of the Republic of China.
22472 Ladysmith was one of several key towns where Boer forces held British troops under seige in October
1899.
22473 By improving the conditions in which wounded soldiers were treated, Florence Nightingale helped to
save many lives.
22474 Thomas Hardy, an English dramatist, poet, and one of the most widely read Victorian novelists.
22475 The Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi began experimenting with wireless telegraphy in 1894.
22476 Giuseppe Garibaldi, was an Italian soldier who played a central role in the unification of Italy by
conquering Sicily and Naples in 1860.
22477 Many of Kipling's most well-known stories are set in India, where he lived for a number of years.
22478 John Logie Baird first produced televised objects in outline in 1924.
22479 Mao Zedong became leader of the Chinese Communist Party during the Long March of 1934.
22480 Edward VIII, second left, with his brothers the Duke of Kent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of
Gloucester.
22481 Marshal Petain was tried for treason in 1945 because of his collaboration with Germany during World
War II.
22482 The first ships steam through the Suez Canal at its opening in 1869.
22483 Many British women worked in factories during World War II.
22484 James Longstreet (1821-1904), a confederate officer during the American Civil War.
22485 A historic meeting near the end of World War II, the Yalta Conference involved the three key allied
leaders.
22486 The first televised Olympic Games were held in Germany in 1936.
22487 Gorki was a Russian writer of novels and short stories, and plays.
22488 Pictured at the time of its opening in 1890, the Firth of Forth Bridge is a cantilever bridge with a main
span which is 521 metres long.
22489 Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850), a British statesman who founded the London police force.
22490 Rugby grew rapidly in popularity in the United Kingdom during the 1870's and 1880's.
22491 The felling of trees became quicker and easier with the development of power saws such as the steam
tree-feller.
22492 Commander Peary, the leader of two failed expeditions to the North Pole.
22493 The building and use of airships ended rapidly after the explosion of the Hindenburg.
22494 Amundsen led the first expedition to reach the South Pole.
22495 A radio controller at Scotland Yard, 1947.
22496 Guards returning from Hackney and the Docklands after the Strike.
22497 Brooklands, in Surrey, England, was the site of the first speedway race track.
22498 The steam hammer was invented by James Nasmyth, and patented in 1842.
22499
During the 1800's Hong Kong became one of Asia's most important trade and commercial centres.
22500 Trotsky was a leading figure in Russia's October Revolution in 1917.
22501
Victor Hugo, leader of the French Romantic movement, produced his first tragedy at the age of 14.
22502 Before becoming prime minister of Great Britain in 1868, Gladstone served in many offices for both the
Tory and Liberal parties.
22503 W.E. Gladstone outlining Irish Home Rule in the House of Commons.
22504
The earthquake and fire of September 1, 1923, caused severe damage to downtown areas of Tokyo.
22505 British soldiers at Isandhlwana during the Zulu War, May 1879.
22506 The British front in Flanders, 1917.
22507 A wiring party, World War I, 1917.
22508 H.G. Wells, (1866-1946), famous English novelist, historian, science writer, and author of science-fiction
stories.
22509 The 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris was an expression of the Third Republic's commitment to
science and progress and celebrated the centenary of the French Revolution (1789-1799).
22510 The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris sustained extensive damage during the French Revolution (1789-
1799).
22511 Crystal Palace was designed by Joseph Paxton (1801-1865) to house the Great Exhibition of 1851 in
Hyde Park, London.
22512 Alberto Santos-Dumont with his pioneering airship in the heart of Paris.
22513 Louis Bleriot landed near the Cliffs of Dover on July 25, 1909 to win the £1,000 prize offered by the Daily
Mail for the first flight across the English Channel.
22514 The Fenian movement was a pro-republican organisation of Irish nationalists seeking independence
from English rule.
22515
Henry Morton Stanley spent most of 1871 in Central Africa searching for the explorer David Livingstone.
22516 During World War II (1939-1945), auxiliary jobs in the British armed services were carried out
increasingly by women.
22517 The Treaty of Versailles was a 200-page document outlining the terms of the peace settlement following
World War I.
22518 Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881), British politician and novelist.
22519 Pierre Laval, premier of the Vichy government from 1942-1944, was executed in 1945 for his
collaboration with the Germans during World War II.
22520 Louis Pasteur, the founder of modern bacteriology, married the daughter of the rector of the University of
Strasbourg in 1849.
22521 Pu Yi became the last Manchu emperor of China at the age of three.
22522 Edward VII was Prince of Wales for 60 years during the long reign of his mother, Queen Victoria.
22523 In the days following the end of World War I (1914-1918) there were unprecedented scenes of public
jubilation.
22524 W.G. Grace scored 152 runs in his first test match against Australia in 1880.
22525 The Houses of Parliament in London occupy buildings sometimes known as the New Palace of
Westminster.
22526 British troops return from Crete during World War II, 1941.
22527 On 30 September 1938, Chamberlain (UK) and Daladier (France) signed an agreement with Hitler
(Germany) and Mussolini (Italy) that effectively gave the German-speaking Sudetenland part of
Czechoslovakia to Germany.
22528 Marie Curie's daughter Irene shared her mother's work at the Radium Institute in Paris after studying at
the Sorbonne.
22529 Many suffragettes resorted to hunger strikes in their campaign for equal voting rights.
22530 In the 1880's, large numbers of Jewish immigrants from Russia arrived in the United States.
22531 Before the 18th century, all weaving was done by hand.
22532 A pneumatic tube mailing system in London, 1863.
22533 Dame Agatha Christie remains the best-selling English novelist to date.
22534 Gold was one of the main products of Australia's mining industry from the last decades of the 1800's
until the mid-1900's.
22535 Except for a brief interval in 1835, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, held a seat in the
Commons from 1807 until his death in 1865.
22536 Before becoming an influential motion-picture director, Orson Welles was a successful stage actor and
director.
22537 Salvador Dali is known for the enigmatic, eccentric nature of both his paintings and his statements about
himself.
22538 In 1881, experimental work began on a pilot cross-Channel tunnel.
22539 Stanley Baldwin was prime minister of Great Britain during the General Strike of 1926, the Ethiopian
crisis of 1935, and the crisis surrounding Edward VIII's abdication in 1936.
22540 As well as being a successful labour leader, James Keir Hardie had other political concerns.
22541 This match from the 1910's was between Aston Villa and Blackburn Rovers.
22542 Cities such as Sheffield grew rapidly during the 1700's and 1800's as people moved from rural areas to
work in new industries.
22543 The Britannia Bridge was built across the Menai Strait in North Wales.
22544 The town of Crewe in Cheshire has long been associated with the railway industry.
22545 Poor economic conditions and the refusal of King Louis Philippe to reform France's election laws were
among the causes of the Revolution of 1848.
22546 Post Office reform resulted from recommendations in a pamphlet written by Rowland Hill in 1837.
22547 Firefighting inventions of the 1800's included items such as a movable fire escape.
22548 Sovereign weighing machines at the Bank of England in 1845 enabled the Bank's staff to calculate the
value of a number of sovereigns without having to count the individual coins.
22549 London's Stock Exchange was formed in 1733 by a group of brokers who used to meet in Jonathan's
Coffee House.
22550 After the invention of a paper-making machine in 1798, manufacturers could make paper in continuous
rolls.
22551 The Great Eastern, launched in 1858, was the largest ship to have been built at that time.
22552 Improved methods of insulating cable for use underwater, developed in the 1850's, encouraged attempts
to lay a communications cable across the Atlantic.
22553 The people of France recognized de Gaulle's leadership during World War II, although he was exiled
from France.
22554
Herbert Hoover's term as President of the United States coincided with the start of the Great Depression.
22555 Cecil Rhodes made his fortune in the diamond industry.
22556 Henley Royal Regatta is held each summer at Henley-on-Thames, England.
22557 The world's fair held in Philadelphia in 1876 celebrated the adoption of the Declaration of Independence
in the United States hundred years earlier.
22558 Hermann Goering, left, and Rudolf Hess, centre, were two of the senior members of the Nazi Party who
were tried at Nuremberg in 1945 for crimes carried out during World War II.
22559
Jack Hobbs, one of the greatest English batsmen, was the first professional cricketer to be knighted.
22560 Chain cable is here being tested at an English factory in the 1880's.
22561 A fox hunt starts with a meet, where all the participants gather together.
22562 The steam horse was launched in Lincolnshire, England, in the mid 1800's.
22563 As a British army officer, Robert Baden-Powell was proclaimed a national hero for his defence of
Mafeking.
22564 Affenpinscher
22565 Plants of the high mountains are similar to those of the northern tundra.
22566 Coniferous (needleleaf) forests extend as a broad belt across the Northern Hemisphere and along
northern Pacific coastal regions, and are to be found on mountainsides.
22567 Mature tropical forests cover about 7 per cent of the earth's surface and contain about 155,000 of the
more than 350,000 known species of plants.
22568 Broadleaf trees are the main plants of the deciduous forest.
22569 Thick growths of shrubs and small trees flourish in the hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
22570 Grass-covered plains account for over 25 per cent of the earth's natural vegetation.
22571
Cactus deserts are native only to the southwestern United States, Central America, and South America.
22572 Giacomo Puccini
22573 Charles Gounod
22574 Scott Joplin
22575 Georges Bizet
22576 John Cage
22577 Edgar Allan Poe
22578 Gaetano Donizetti
22579 Muhammad Ali
22580 Felix Mendelssohn
22581 Pietro Mascagni
22582 Johann Strauss, Jr.
22583 Dimitri Shostakovich
22584 Arnold Schoenberg
22585 Gioacchino Rossini
22586 Sergei Prokofiev
22587 Charles Ives
22588 Aaron Copland
22589 Benjamin Britten
22590 General Robert E. Lee commanded the Confederate Army in the American Civil War.
22591 Alban Berg
22592 Ruggiero Leoncavallo
22593 Pierre Boulez
22594 Gas masks were worn by soldiers on the Western front for protection against poisonous fumes.
22595 Boris Yeltsin, the president of the former Russian republic, continued to serve as president of Russia
following the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991.
22596 Frederic Remington was an American artist noted for his vivid and dramatic scenes of cowboys and
Indians in the Far West.
22597 The art treasures of India rank among the greatest in the world.
22598 A street market in Bangalore offers fruit and vegetables to shoppers.
22599 Public education in India provides free schooling for children from age 6 to 14.
22600 A Hindu religious festival called Holi celebrates the arrival of the spring season.
22601 New Delhi, the capital of India, is a carefully planned city.
22602 Workers harvest sugar cane on a government-operated farm.
22603 Hurricane winds swirl about the eye, a calm area in the center of the storm.
22604 A polder is an area that was once covered by water.
22605 Diana, Princess of Wales was known throughout the world for her grace and charm.
22606 The giant panda commonly weighs from 200 to 300 pounds (90 to 140 kilograms).
22607 Ruins of Persepolis, ancient Persia's greatest city, lie in southwestern Iran.
22608 The Augsburg Confession summarized the religious teachings of Martin Luther.
22609 Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia.
22610 Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka and the country's largest city.
22611 Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902), organizer of the first women's rights convention
22612 The air war against Germany was aimed at destroying its ability to keep on fighting.
22613 Covered wagons carried thousands of pioneers westward across the United States.
22614 The University of Paris became known throughout Europe in the Middle Ages for its faculty of famous
scholars and teachers.
22615
This meteorite, made of iron and nickel, was discovered in a meteor crater at Canyon Diablo in Arizona.
22616 King Thutmose III led military campaigns into southwestern Asia almost yearly for 20 years and brought
Palestine and Syria into the Egyptian empire.
22617 These English country cottages have gardens in full bloom.
22618 A Folsom point is a long, thin prehistoric spearhead.
22619 A mould preserved the three-dimensional form of a trilobite after its body decayed.
22620 The Federal style dominated American furniture from about 1790 to 1810.
22621 People in urban areas of Algeria wear both traditional and modern clothing.
22622 The Bay Psalm Book was the first book printed in the English colonies of America.
22623
The magnificent Shwe Dagon pagoda is the most famous of Burma's thousands of Buddhist temples.
22624 Mansion stages were popular in medieval Europe.
22625 Huge stone statues on Easter Island were carved hundreds of years ago.
22626 Mary, Queen of Scots
22627 A megalithic monument near Carnac, France, consists of single upright stones called menhirs arranged
in rows called alignments.
22628 The Plaza de Armas in Lima, Peru, marks the historic center of the city.
22629
The treasury at Petra was carved into the cliffs of this trading centre in Jordan during the A.D. 100's.
22630 Amman is the capital and largest city in Jordan.
22631 The Ganges River in India is sacred to Hindus.
22632 Human sacrifice played a major role in Aztec religion.
22633 Arabs follow many ways of life.
22634 The cotton gin is a machine for removing the seeds from cotton fibers.
22635 Chimpanzees live together in groups.
22636 Hereford cattle are one of the chief breeds of beef cattle in the United States.
22637 Calhoun was vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832 and he ran for president several
times but never won.
22638 Alexander Calder became famous for his delicate and playful metal sculpture.
22639 Aaron Burr
22640 The village of Ordino, near Andorra la Vella, the capital of Andorra, nestles among the rocky peaks of
the Pyrenees mountains.
22641 Ernest Hemingway
22642 Ira Aldridge
22643 Lemurs are the best-known wild animals of Madagascar.
22644 Farmers in Malaysia grow rice on small farms.
22645 Joan of Arc, a national heroine of France, believed that God had chosen her to free her country from
English rule.
22646 Queen Elizabeth I ruled England from 1558 to 1603.
22647
Gold rush prospectors used crude wooden implements and water to separate gold from gravel and rock.
22648 John Hancock was an American revolutionary leader.
22649 Nathaniel Hawthorne
22650 A mockingbird typically has a long slender body.
22651 Albert Einstein
22652 The cuscus is a mammal of Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands.
22653 Zagreb is Croatia's capital and largest city.
22654 Thai classical dancers act out traditional stories with religious themes.
22655 Switzerland's watchmaking industry is world famous.
22656 Walt Whitman was one of the greatest poets in American literature.
22657 George Washington, 1st President of the United States, 1789-1797.
22658 The Welsh countryside in northwestern Wales includes rugged mountains, green valleys, and
picturesque lakes.
22659 Richard Wagner was one of the greatest composers of opera.
22660 Van Gogh painted this self-portrait in 1888.
22661 Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States, 1901-1909.
22662 Santa Anna, a Mexican general, ruled Mexico as president 11 times during the 1800's but was
overthrown each time.
22663 Pablo Picasso became a leading artist of the 1900's.
22664 Illustration from The Tale of Genji by an unknown Japanese artist, 1100's.
22665 Paul Revere was a noted American craftsman who won fame for his patriotic activities at the time of the
Revolutionary War.
22666 Pocahontas was the daughter of an American Indian chief.
22667 Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States, 1953-1961.
22668 James Wolfe was a British general who led his troops to victory at the Battle of Quebec in 1759.
22669 A guinea pig has a large head, small ears, and short legs.
22670 Armenian shoppers examine produce at a local market.
22671 Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, 1968-1979 and 1980-1984.
22672 Sir Winston Churchill, Prime minister of Great Britain, 1940-1945 and 1951-1955.
22673 Fishermen in the Maldives catch mainly tuna and bonito.
22674 Downtown Los Angeles is laced with high-speed freeways.
22675 Traditional Japanese houses blend with the natural beauty surrounding them.
22676 Cricket is one of England's most popular sports.
22677 Luanda is the capital and largest city of Angola.
22678 The waves of Lake Superior crash onto Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore on the north coast of
Michigan's Upper Peninsula in Alger County.
22679 Pygmy dancers perform in a small clearing carved out of the dense jungle.
22680 A Mauritanian farmer examines plants in his grain sorghum field.
22681 Farmers stack hay, which will be used as feed for cattle.
22682 A Nicaraguan worker packs bananas for export.
22683 Huge Perce Rock off the coast of the Gaspe Peninsula.
22684 The Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu, Mali, became an important Islamic house of worship in the Mali
Empire.
22685 The Breakers is the beautiful and famous ocean-side estate of American businessman Cornelius
Vanderbilt in Newport.
22686 The Meseta is a high plateau that covers most of Spain.
22687 Sand painting is a part of many Navajo ceremonies, especially healing rites.
22688 The site of Troy has the remains of nine successive cities.
22689 Antonin Scalia was the first American of Italian descent to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States.
22690 Jesse James
22691 Survivors of a Nazi death camp--some too weak to stand--provided proof of Nazi savagery.
22692 In the Soviet Union, winter weather and the determination of the army and the people slowed the
German advance.
22693 Germany's blitzkrieg (lightning war) overran Poland at the outbreak of World War II.
22694 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led the 1979 revolution that overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
22695
A Maya ballplayer wore thigh guards and a thick protective belt to compete in a sacred ball game.
22696 Zither
22697 A Rembrandt etching shows Jesus before Pontius Pilate.
22698 Marie Antoinette was a teen-ager when she became queen of France in 1774.
22699 Most small U.S. towns get water by drilling wells and pumping
22700 Most exploratory offshore wells are drilled from jack-up
22701 Skeletal muscles work in pairs.
22702
The pancreas produces digestive juice, which flows through the pancreatic duct into the small intestine.
22703 Saliva is produced chiefly by three pairs of glands: the parotid;
22704 The spleen is a spongy organ that filters foreign substances and damaged cells from the blood.
22705 Tears are produced by the lacrimal glands, one of
22706 The crown, or visible part of a molar tooth,
22707 Tendons connect bones and muscles, thus allowing the muscles to move the bones.
22708 Nuts grow nearly everywhere in the world.
22709 Squash is a nutritious vegetable that grows on bushes and vines.
22710 Some Types of Seaweeds
22711 Some Common Varieties of Rattlesnakes
22712 The langur is a leaf-eating monkey that lives in India and Southeast Asia.
22713 The lemon is a popular citrus fruit that is grown mainly for
22714 Wood lilies have bright, orange-red petals with purple spots.
22715 Limes are green citrus fruits that grow in clusters.
22716 Loganberries consist of clusters of tiny fruits called drupelets.
22717 Loquats are small egg-shaped fruits with a slightly tart flavour.
22718 The Egyptian lotus, often called a water lily, grows on the surface of rivers and streams.
22719 Lovebirds are small colourful parrots that live wild in tropical Africa.
22720 The magpie is related to the crow.
22721 Mallards are wild ducks found in much of the Northern
22722 A male lumpfish has a reddish underside.
22723 Mangoes are delicious tropical fruit.
22724 The mantis has armlike forelegs with sharp hooks that it uses
22725 The African marigold, shown, is cultivated in many
22726 The martin is a swallow.
22727 The moa is an extinct bird that looked somewhat like an ostrich.
22728 The moonflower is an attractive climbing vine.
22729 The mourning dove has greyish-brown feathers.
22730 The cantaloupe is a popular variety of muskmelon.
22731 The talking mynah is a better mimic of human speech even than
22732 The poet's narcissus has a single, wide-open blossom on
22733 The nasturtium is a North American garden plant.
22734 The nectarine is a fruit that resembles a peach, except that
22735 The nighthawk often flies in urban areas during the evening,
22736 Nutmeg is a tropical tree that bears small fruits.
22737 Okra is a tall plant grown for its sticky green pods, which are
22738 The oleander is an ornamental flowering shrub.
22739 The onion is a vegetable with a bulb that can be eaten raw
22740 The opium poppy is a plant used to produce opium, a drug that is
22741 Oranges are popular citrus fruits that contain delicious
22742 The osprey is a brown-and-white bird of prey.
22743 The oystercatcher uses its sharp bill to open molluscs.
22744 Papaya is a tropical fruit that grows on a palmlike tree.
22745 Parsley is a garden herb.
22746 The parsnip is a garden vegetable.
22747 The grey partridge is a popular game bird in the open farmlands and prairies of Canada and the United
States.
22748 Pea plants are grown chiefly for their seeds, which are also called peas.
22749 The peach is a tasty fruit that has a hard, pitted stone.
22750 Pears vary in shape, but they are generally round at the bottom and narrow near the stem.
22751 The pecan nut has a smooth shell.
22752 The tree peony has large flowers that grow on tall stalks.
22753 Persimmons are pulpy, edible fruits that grow on persimmon trees.
22754 Petunias have large, colourful flowers.
22755 The piranha has razor-sharp teeth that it uses to attack its prey.
22756 Pomegranate fruit has a hard rind.
22757 Shirley poppies grow from seed in flower gardens.
22758 Pterosaurs were prehistoric flying reptiles.
22759 Pumpkins have a hard outer shell and coarse, stringy pulp.
22760 Radishes are plants with crisp, sharp-tasting roots.
22761 Raspberries are tasty fruits that grow on thorny bushes.
22762 The raven has black feathers with a purple lustre.
22763 The rhea, a bird that cannot fly, resembles a small ostrich.
22764 The rhubarb plant has juicy, reddish stalks with a tangy flavour.
22765 The rice plant grows from 80 to 180 centimetres tall and has several stems.
22766 The safflower has large blossoms and thistlelike leaves and stems.
22767 The spotted sandpiper is a well-known species that lives on seashores throughout the United States and
southern Canada.
22768 The shallot looks and tastes like an onion.
22769 Spiderlings hatch from eggs inside the egg sac.
22770 The spring-beauty is a North American wild flower.
22771 The common stingray can inflict a serious wound with the strong,
22772 The black stork has glossy black feathers and a white breast.
22773 Strawberry plants produce heart-shaped red fruit and tiny white
22774 Sugar beets consist of a creamy-white storage root with a crown of large, dark-green leaves.
22775 Sweet potatoes are vegetables that grow underground.
22776 The tangerine is a popular citrus fruit.
22777 The tarantula has a hairy body and looks fierce, but its bite
22778 Tomatoes are smooth, round, juicy fruits that grow in almost
22779 The tuberose is named for its tube-shaped rootstock, from which
22780 A tragopan has colourful, handsome markings.
22781 The flat-bodied turbot of Europe's North Atlantic coastal
22782 Common varieties of turkeys include the Bronze, shown at the top; the Bourbon Red, middle; and the
wild turkey, bottom.
22783 Turnips are grown for their edible leaves and roots.
22784 The turtle dove is a slender bird known for its soft cooing
22785 The Chinese water chestnut is a grasslike plant that is cultivated in flooded fields.
22786 Watermelons are popular fruits that have sweet, juicy flesh.
22787 The yam is a major crop in many tropical countries.
22788 Simple and Compound Leaves
22789 The pineapple plant has sword-shaped leaves.
22790 Olives are a small, oval fruit.
22791 The shore lark of Europe and Asia is known as the horned lark
22792 The pintail is named for the long, pointed middle feathers
22793 Sugar cane grows in the form of stalks, left, which
22794 The lammergeier, a large vulture with distinctive light and dark colouring, has a "beard" of black feathers
under its bill.
22795 The lapwing has a crest that ends in a pointed peak.
22796 The mate plant is the source of a South American tea.
22797 The gaillardia has a disc of dark tubular flowers in the centre,
22798 The gall bladder is a pouch that stores bile, a digestive juice
22799 The galleon helped establish English naval power.
22800 A Roman galley moved both by oars and by sail.
22801 The gardenia has a beautiful white flower with smooth, waxy petals.
22802 Radiation that enters a Geiger counter tube hits the gas atoms
22803 The rose geranium has clusters of fragrant scarlet blossoms.
22804 American ginseng has tiny flowers and berries.
22805 A valley glacier moves downslope from a cirque,
22806 As a glacier melts, it leaves behind humps of hard bedrock,
22807 Glasses have single-focus, bifocal, or trifocal lenses.
22808 The gloxinia is a popular tropical American plant.
22809 The nightjar has grey, brown, and white colouring that serves as effective camouflage.
22810 The godetia is a popular garden flower.
22811 Wild geese live chiefly in Asia, Europe, and North America.
22812 Domestic geese are reared on farms, particularly in Europe
22813 Gourds bear attractive fruits of many colours and shapes.
22814 The common grackle lives in the eastern United States.
22815 The parts of a Bermuda grass plant include two types of creeping stems, stolons and rhizomes.
22816 The male rose-breasted grosbeak has a rose-red patch on its
22817 The red grouper lives along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
22818 The spruce grouse has dull-coloured feathers and somewhat
22819 Guavas develop from small, white flowers on certain shrubs and
22820 The black guillemot lives on North Atlantic coasts.
22821 The guillotine was first proposed as a device for beheading
22822 The guineafowl has dark, spotted feathers and a bony ridge
22823 Gulls of North America include, from top to bottom, the ring-billed gull; the herring gull; and the great
black-backed
22824 Most guided missiles are powered by a rocket engine.
22825 The bony frame of the head is called the skull.
22826 The heliotrope produces beautiful, fragrant flowers.
22827 Hellgrammite is the large black larva of an insect called the
22828 The strange-looking hoatzin lives in South America.
22829 The Holy Roman Empire in 1250 extended from the North Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
22830
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket arrangement that permits a wide range of movement in all directions.
22831 The honeyeater gets its name from its habit of eating nectar
22832 Hops produce male and female flowers on different plants.
22833 The root of the horseradish has a sharp taste.
22834 The horseshoe crab has a shell that resembles a horse's hoof.
22835 Most hybrid maize results from single-crossing.
22836 The hyacinth is a spring flower that grows from a bulb.
22837 The hydrangea is an attractive shrub that produces small flowers
22838 A female ichneumon wasp has an egg-laying organ made up of
22839 The green iguana has a crest of scales down the middle of its
22840 Indigo buntings are songbirds.
22841
Indochina is an area in South-east Asia that consists of three nations--Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
22842 The intestines make up a major part of the digestive system.
22843 The South American jabiru has a huge black bill.
22844 The jacana is a tropical wading bird.
22845 The jackdaw belongs to the crow family.
22846 The jack-in-the-pulpit is an American wild flower.
22847 The jerboa looks like a tiny kangaroo, but it is really a
22848 The Jerusalem artichoke is related to the sunflower.
22849 The Warsaw grouper, also called the black jewfish,
22850 The jicama plant is grown for its edible, nutritious
22851 The jonquil has bright yellow flowers and sword-shaped leaves.
22852 The jugular veins--two on each side of the head and neck--return blood to the heart.
22853 Jumping beans are actually the seeds of a Mexican shrub.
22854 A jumping mouse is a rodent that usually moves by hopping.
22855 The dark-eyed junco is a small bird that lives throughout much of North America.
22856 The katydid is a type of grasshopper.
22857 The kea of New Zealand has a powerful, hooked bill.
22858 The king mackerel has a sharp, V-shaped tail fin and a bluish
22859 The golden-crowned kinglet is one of two species of kinglets
22860 The snail kite is a hawk that has broad wings and a long,
22861 The kiwi is a New Zealand bird that cannot fly.
22862 The flowers and fruit of the kiwi vine.
22863 The black-legged kittiwake is a gull that lives in the Arctic.
22864 The kohlrabi plant has an edible, bulb-shaped stem.
22865 The kookaburra, or laughing jackass, has a large head; a long, heavy bill; and brown, black, or white
feathers.
22866 Kumquats are citrus fruits that resemble oranges.
22867 A marlin is a large game fish related to the swordfish
22868
The American merganser has a straight narrow bill that is hooked at the tip and notched at the edges.
22869 The marsh mallow grows in meadows and marshy areas.
22870 The common murre is a sea bird that nests in colonies on the rocky coasts of the North Atlantic and
North Pacific.
22871 Plankton consists of small marine organisms that drift with the ocean currents.
22872 Nekton is made up of fish and other animals that have the
22873 Benthos consists of marine organisms that live on the ocean
22874 A sport parachute brings a skydiver down very slowly.
22875 The peach moth damages peaches and other fruits.
22876 The phalarope is a small swimming and wading bird.
22877 A single-lens reflex camera, or SLR camera, lets
22878 An enlarger, the basic instrument used in projection printing,
22879 Pistachio nuts grow in clusters on pistachio trees.
22880 This illustration shows some of the chief kinds of plains.
22881 Kinds of plums
22882 Poison ivy has leaves that consist of three leaflets.
22883 The jolthead porgy lives in Atlantic coastal waters.
22884 Potatoes are one of the most important and nutritious foods.
22885 A potato plant has leafy stems and pink, purple, or white
22886 A cross section of a potato shows several layers of material.
22887 The Colorado beetle deposits its eggs on potato plants in
22888 The redpoll, a member of the finch family, has a reddish crown.
22889 Flower heads of the giant protea grow up to 20 centimetres wide.
22890 The ribs are connected to the backbone, from which they curve downward and forward to form a
protective cage around the heart and lungs.
22891 Cabbage is a vegetable with leaves that grow close together
22892 The calla has a large white, yellow, or pink leaf often
22893 Canaries are popular pets because of their lively song.
22894 A canna produces large, showy blossoms.
22895 The crested caracara is a large meat-eating bird.
22896 A caravel with a two-deck structure at its stern.
22897 Carnations are tall, hardy flowers with a spicy fragrance.
22898 Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal
tunnel, a canal formed by bones and ligaments in the wrist.
22899 The carrot is a popular, nutritious vegetable grown throughout
22900 Casabas ripen in autumn and have a juicy flesh.
22901 Cashews grow in bean-shaped shells attached to fruitlike cashew
22902 The cassowary is a large bird that lives in the forests of
22903 Castor-oil plants bear spiny fruits that contain the
22904 Catfish usually have two to four pairs of whiskers.
22905 Catmint received its name because cats like to roll and play
22906 The cauliflower plant has large leaves that surround the
22907 The celery plant consists of stalks that grow directly from the centre of the root.
22908 The fruit of the chayote ranges from ivory-white to dark green,
22909 Cherimoya fruit grows among the leaves of the cherimoya tree.
22910 The main types of cherries include sweet cherries,
22911 The chuckwalla, one of the largest of American lizards, was at
22912 A cicada emerges as an adult insect after shedding its skin, right.
22913 The citron is a citrus fruit that resembles a large lemon.
22914 An American clematis, shown, has violet blossoms
22915 A weight-driven clock is powered by a weight that is lowered
22916 A line-powered digital clock is powered by an alternating electric current.
22917 Varieties of clover differ mainly in appearance and in the
22918 An Indian cobra may grow to nearly 2 metres in length.
22919 Cockatoos resemble parrots.
22920 A cold frame shelters plants outdoors.
22921 The collarbone, or clavicle, connects the breastbone with the acromion, a hook-like projection of the
shoulder blade.
22922
Plants of the composite family include the common dandelion, the bull thistle, and the Shasta daisy.
22923 The leaves of conifers may be scalelike or needlelike.
22924 A South American coral snake grows about 1.2 metres long.
22925 Flowers of the coreopsis plant look like daisies and grow on
22926 Coriander is a herb that grows in the Mediterranean region.
22927 A mature maize plant consists of the roots, stalk, leaves, ears, and tassel.
22928 A mature maize seed has three main parts. (1) The embryo develops into a new plant. (2) The
endosperm stores starch and other food energy. (3) The seed coat protects the seed.
22929 Brown-headed cowbirds range from Canada to Mexico.
22930 Cranberries grow on evergreen vines in cool regions
22931 The crossbill uses the crossed ends of its bill to get seeds
22932 The black-billed cuckoo has a long, slightly curved black beak and red circles around its eyes.
22933 A cuckoo-shrike has a notched bill.
22934 Cucumbers grow on vines that have many coiled growths called tendrils.
22935 The cumin plant bears clusters of small flowers.
22936 The long-billed curlew is a wading bird.
22937 The daffodil is a yellow narcissus that blooms in the early spring.
22938 The dahlia is a popular garden flower.
22939 The oxeye daisy is a common plant that has a centre of tiny yellow disc flowers, surrounded by white
petal-like ray flowers.
22940 The dandelion is a yellow wild flower.
22941 The lemon day lily produces beautiful flowers in loose clusters at the top of a tall, leafless stalk.
22942 The dodo had wings so tiny it could not fly.
22943 A dragonfly has four large wings and can fly swiftly.
22944 An earthquake-resistant building includes such structures as shear walls, a shear core, and crossbracing.
22945 The aubergine is a plant that produces large fruit shaped
22946 Egrets belong to the heron family.
22947 The elbow is the joint where the bone of the upper arm--the humerus--and the forearm bones--the radius
and the ulna--meet.
22948 A DC motor's most common source of power is a battery.
22949 Most AC motors receive power from electrical outlets.
22950 The huge elephant bird could not fly.
22951 The emu can run swiftly, but it cannot fly.
22952 Endive is a leafy vegetable often used in salads.
22953
The human eyes produce tears by means of the lacrimal glands, one of which lies above each eyeball.
22954 The black-footed ferret is an endangered species.
22955 A fiddler crab lives along sandy or muddy seacoasts.
22956 Figs are the fruit of the fig tree, which generally grows in warm climates.
22957 The firecracker flower has long, slender leaves and a long
22958 The flounder is a saltwater flatfish.
22959 Forests evolved throughout the various periods of the earth's history.
22960 The four-o'clock has colourful, fragrant flowers.
22961 The foxglove produces richly coloured flowers.
22962 The freesia has lovely, fragrant flowers.
22963 Frigatebirds live in the tropics.
22964 Fritillaries are lilies with bell-shaped flowers.
22965 Fuchsia flowers resemble dangling earrings.
22966 Ages ago, the remains of tiny marine organisms sank to the sea floors and were buried by sediments,
left.
22967 Grapefruit is a large citrus fruit that has a tart flavour
22968 A solution cave, such as the one shown here, is formed in limestone when water dissolves sections of
the rock.
22969 The four main groups of cheese are: (1) soft; (2) semisoft;
22970 A column is a vertical support that consists of a shaft
22971 The human ear extends deep into the skull.
22972 The outer ear consists of the auricle, the fleshy part of the ear on the side of the head, and the external
auditory canal, a passageway that leads to the eardrum.
22973 The middle ear has three bones--the malleus, incus, and stapes.
22974 The iris has a round opening called the pupil,
22975 Gears consist chiefly of an axle and a wheel or disc with slots called teeth.
22976 The banded gecko lives in the southwestern United States
22977 Precious or semiprecious stones cut or polished for use in
22978 Precious or semiprecious stones cut or polished for use in jewellery are called gems.
22979 Gems are cut in different ways, depending on changing fashions and on the type of gem.
22980 Ligaments and tendons consist of tough, elastic connective tissue.
22981 Orchestra seating is designed by the conductor to produce a
22982 A rye seed spike has long, stiff beards.
22983 St.-John's-wort has colourful flowers and hardy greenery.
22984 The red salamander lives in the Eastern United States.
22985 Spotted salamanders are common in moist woodlands.
22986 This illustration shows the general appearance of an Elizabethan public theatre.
22987 Types of starfish
22988 The tailorbird uses its long bill as a needle.
22989 The Caspian tern has a black crest and grey feathers.
22990 The tobacco plant lives for only one growing season.
22991 Some Kinds of Beans
22992 An Asian babbler, the white-crested laughing thrush, is one
22993 A bed bug moults (sheds its outer layer of skin)
22994 Beets are grown for their roots and leaves.
22995 Deadly nightshade flowers, leaves, and berries.
22996 The American bittern lives in marshlands.
22997 Black-eyed Susans have dark centres and orange-yellow petals.
22998 The blackberry plant produces small black fruits that grow near the stalk.
22999 The blue crab gets its name from its blue legs.
23000 Blueberries grow in clusters from the flowers on blueberry
23001 The abdomen is a large body cavity that lies between the thorax (chest) and the pelvic cavity.
23002 Acerola is the nutritious fruit of a bushy tree that is also
23003 The development of an acne pimple is illustrated here.
23004 The helmet flower is an aconite that has purplish flowers.
23005 An adder commonly known as the European viper, shown,
23006 The autumn Adonis has bright red flowers.
23007 The adrenal glands are important hormone-producing organs
23008 The alfalfa plant has many slender stems, which develop from
23009 The almond is the seed of the almond tree and a delicious nut.
23010 An ornamental amaranth called love-lies-bleeding has
23011 An amaryllis has a long stem and trumpet-shaped flowers.
23012 Amphibians
23013 The anaconda is the largest snake in the Western Hemisphere.
23014 The anise plant produces seeds that give food a spicy liquorice
23015 The ankle joint allows movement of the foot.
23016 The classes of ants--queens, males, and workers--differ
23017 Four kinds of apes
23018 There are thousands of kinds of apples, and they differ in colour; flavour; shape; size; and texture.
23019 The apricot is a golden fruit with a large pit.
23020 An archerfish hunts insects at the water surface.
23021 The arm contains three bones--the humerus, the radius, and the ulna.
23022 The mountain arnica bears heads of golden-yellow flowers from its stem.
23023 Arthropods form a major division of the animal kingdom.
23024 The artichoke has prickly leaves and an edible bud.
23025 The cuckoopint is a type of arum that grows in Europe.
23026 Two types of asparagus.
23027 The New England aster has purple petals.
23028 Avocados have a yellow-green pulp that surrounds one large seed.
23029 The American avocet is a wading bird whose long legs and
23030 The leg contains large, strong bones which support the weight of the body.
23031 Azalea flowers have five tapering petals that may be pink, red,
23032 About 80 species of birds have died out since the 1600's.
23033 The urinary bladder stores urine that drains continuously from
23034 There are two forms of bone, hard compact bone and
23035 A fracture heals by forming a mass of new tissue called
23036 The blue-footed booby is found along the coast of southern
23037 A bougainvillea is a tropical South American shrub.
23038 The Brazil nut is the seed of a South American tree.
23039 Breadfruit has a starchy pulp that some people think feels
23040 The female breast consists mainly of fatty tissue.
23041 Broccoli is a garden vegetable.
23042 Brussels sprouts are a garden vegetable.
23043 The bullfrog is the largest frog in the United States.
23044 The bushmaster is a large, poisonous viper.
23045 Creeping buttercups have stems that spread along the ground and
23046 The foureye butterflyfish has a large, dark eyespot on each side
23047 Calendulas are common garden flowers in temperate regions around the world.
23048 The cocklebur has spiny, prickly burs.
23049 The cockscomb is a plant with crested or feathery clusters
23050 The codling moth is a small brown and bronze-coloured moth.
23051 The coelacanth lives in the western Indian Ocean.
23052 The colchicum is a poisonous European plant.
23053 The cuttlefish has a broad head with two large eyes.
23054 The tiny dormouse has a pointed nose and a long tail.
23055 The dugong is an endangered sea mammal.
23056 The elecampane plant is a common roadside weed.
23057 The electric eel can produce an electric discharge.
23058 An electric switch controls the flow of electric current in a
23059 These illustrations show four eye disorders.
23060 The fer-de-lance is a large, poisonous snake that lives in
23061 Fish of coastal waters and the open ocean
23062 Fish of coastal waters and the open ocean
23063 Fish of coral reefs
23064 Fish of coral reefs
23065 Fish of the deep ocean
23066 Fish of tropical fresh waters
23067 Fleabane got its name because people once thought the plant
23068 Flowering tobacco is grown for its sweet-scented flowers.
23069 The Acadian flycatcher lives in the United States.
23070 The kidneys remove wastes from the blood, producing urine.
23071 Most leaves have two main parts: (1) a flat blade and (2) a stemlike petiole.
23072 Leaf Edges
23073 The leek, a variety of onion, has a slender white bulb at the
23074 The lingonberry is related to the cranberry.
23075 A body louse has crablike legs and hooked claws that it uses to
23076 The mamba, a close relative of the cobra, is a poisonous snake
23077 A manzanita plant has bright red berries and attractive,
23078 Marijuana is an illegal drug that produces psychological
23079 Mariposa lilies have lovely, tulip-shaped flowers that vary in colour.
23080 A male narwhal looks like most other whales, but it has a long, spiral tusk growing forward from its upper
jaw.
23081 The nose is outwardly simple but inwardly complex.
23082 The ovenbird is a common North American warbler.
23083 The palate, or roof of the mouth, separates the mouth and nasal cavities.
23084 The queen parrotfish lives in the western Atlantic.
23085 Pepper is made from berries of the pepper plant.
23086 The eastern wood-pewee sings throughout the day.
23087 The pilotfish is a small sea fish that has five or six dark
23088 The Florida pompano has an oblong body.
23089 The common ragweed usually grows 30 to 91 centimetres high.
23090 Reptiles
23091 The shoulder consists of two bones, the clavicle and scapula, and various muscles.
23092 Human skin has three layers of tissue--the epidermis; the dermis; and subcutaneous tissue.
23093 The nails of the fingers and toes are formed from certain
23094 Skin colour depends mainly on the amount of brown pigment,
23095 Soapberry trees and shrubs bear fruit that has a
23096 The sole has a flat, oval-shaped body with both eyes on one side of the head.
23097 Toadflax has clusters of yellow, tube-shaped flowers.
23098 The tongue consists of bundles of muscles that run in several
23099 Tonsils form a continuous ring around the back of the throat.
23100 The towhee is a number of small birds which are related to the sparrow.
23101 The trap-door spider is harmless to human beings.
23102 The tree frog uses its sticky foot pads to climb trees.
23103 The garden verbena produces clusters of blossoms on a slender stem.
23104 The viper is a poisonous snake with two long, movable fangs.
23105 In human beings, sounds of the voice are made mainly by the vocal cords, small bands of tissue that
stretch across the larynx.
23106 Some Kinds of Wasps
23107 The water moccasin is one of several poisonous snakes in North
23108 The wheat plant grows up to 1.5 metres high and turns golden-brown when ripe.
23109 Cross Section of Kernel of Wheat
23110 Indian silvereyes live in southern Asia.
23111 The wild carrot is also known as Queen Anne's lace
23112 The American woodcock has a long bill.
23113 The wrist includes eight small, irregularly-shaped bones located between the ulna and radius--the bones
of the forearm--and the metacarpals--the bones of the palm.
23114 There are three main types of airships.
23115 Archery equipment includes accessories that help an archer
23116 The main parts of an arrow are the point, the shaft, and the
23117 Notching an arrow, a process called nocking, (left), is the first step in drawing the bowstring.
23118
During the Middle Ages, metal armour protected soldiers and their horses from enemy blows in combat.
23119 People used armour as early as the Stone Age, when layers
23120 Many forms of arthritis can disable the joints.
23121 A bacterial cell may have up to three protective layers
23122
The Barbary States in the 1800's, shown in yellow, lay along the Mediterranean coast in North Africa.
23123 Most lead-acid storage batteries have six cells.
23124 The shape of a bird's wings relates to the type of flying that the bird does best.
23125 This drawing shows the main external features of a typical bird, the domestic pigeon.
23126 A bird's skeleton is both lightweight and strong.
23127 Butterflies of the world
23128 Butterflies of the world
23129 Butterflies of the world
23130 Butterflies of the world
23131 Butterflies of the world
23132
There are three main kinds of underground mines: (1) shaft mines; (2) slope mines; and (3) drift mines.
23133 The yellow flower heads of the compass plant look like sunflowers.
23134 Condors
23135 Instruments are grouped in four major classes: (1) stringed instruments; (2) wind instruments; (3)
percussion instruments; and (4) keyboard instruments.
23136 Diverticulitis is a disease of the colon.
23137 In surface-supplied diving, a diver wears a waterproof suit and a helmet for protection against water
pressure.
23138 Some kinds of dolphins
23139 The Dust Bowl, an area of the Great Plains, was formed by severe dust storms of the 1930's.
23140 The two main kinds of elephants, African elephants and Indian elephants, differ in size and body
features.
23141 The Fertile Crescent is an historic region that curves around the Syrian Desert in Asia.
23142 This drawing of a yellow perch shows the external features most fish have in common.
23143 The skeletons of most fish consist mainly of: (1) a skull; (2) a backbone; (3) ribs; (4) fin rays; and (5)
supports for fin rays or fins.
23144 Flax is valued for its seeds and its fibres.
23145 A typical flower has four main parts.
23146 Variations in Flower Structure
23147 Bones of the Hand
23148 Muscles of the Hand
23149 Animal hearts vary in size and complexity.
23150 English and Western Riding Equipment
23151 Blood consists of a liquid and three kinds of solid particles.
23152 Icebergs form where chunks of ice break away from a glacier as it flows into the sea.
23153 The Indus Valley civilization was centred in the river plains of what is now Pakistan and northwestern
India.
23154 Familiar insects of North America
23155 Familiar insects of North America
23156 Familiar insects of North America
23157 Familiar insects of North America
23158 The Kalahari Desert stretches across much of Botswana, and parts of Namibia and South Africa.
23159 Higher organisms have many specialized kinds of cells.
23160 The liver consists of two main sections--the right lobe and the left lobe--and two small lobes that lie
behind the right lobe.
23161 During the life cycle of a house fly, the egg hatches into a larva, which eats and grows and then forms a
pupa.
23162 The Aztec empire reached the height of its power during the early 1500's, covering much of what is now
south-central Mexico.
23163 This diagram shows the external parts of an optical microscope.
23164 An antitank mine explodes when run over by a tank or other heavy vehicle.
23165 The parts of an antitank mine are shown here.
23166 A morning-glory has dark heart-shaped leaves and colourful flowers shaped like a funnel.
23167 Some North American moths
23168 Some North American moths
23169 The human body has three kinds of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
23170 The human body has more than 600 major muscles.
23171 Instruments are grouped in four major classes: (1) stringed instruments; (2) wind instruments; (3)
percussion instruments; and (4) keyboard instruments.
23172 The Voyager 2 astronomical observatory was launched in 1977.
23173 Where Petroleum Is Found
23174 In directional drilling, an oil well is drilled at an angle rather than straight down.
23175 The pineal gland is located near the centre of the brain in human beings.
23176 A pirate carried several kinds of weapons, including a pistol; daggers; an axe; and a short, curved sword
called a cutlass.
23177 The pituitary gland is one of the body's main endocrine (hormone-producing) organs.
23178 A river may drain water from a huge area.
23179 All rodents have chisel-like upper and lower front teeth called incisors.
23180 Parts of a Roller Skate
23181 Types of Roofs
23182 The main parts of a root system are shown here.
23183 The two chief kinds of root systems.
23184 Prop roots grow from a stem and help brace a plant against the wind.
23185 This diagram shows how latex is obtained from a rubber tree.
23186 Shields used by soldiers, noblemen, and warriors varied in size, shape, and design.
23187 Human beings have four pairs of sinuses.
23188
The skeleton is a strong, flexible framework that supports the body and protects the internal organs.
23189 Ski Equipment
23190 These illustrations show some of the variations in the body shape of snakes.
23191 Sempervivum is an example of a succulent plant.
23192 By the time a child is about 4 years old, most of the permanent teeth have formed within the jaws near
the roots of the deciduous teeth.
23193 Filling a Cavity
23194 Malocclusion is the failure of the upper and lower teeth to meet properly when a person bites.
23195 Crowning a tooth
23196 Braces consist of a system of metal brackets and wires.
23197 These illustrations show two kinds of periodontal diseases.
23198 Animal teeth vary in size and shape.
23199 The thymus is in the upper chest, behind the breastbone.
23200 The yellowlegs is named for its long yellow legs.
23201 The catclaw acacia grows in the southwestern United States.
23202 The adenoids, or pharyngeal tonsils, are in the upper part of the pharynx (throat).
23203 A "cushion" of air under pressure supports a hovercraft.
23204 These illustrations show four common kinds of anchors: the stock anchor; the stockless anchor; the
mushroom anchor; and the grapnel.
23205 In a coronary angioplasty, a long tube called a catheter is inserted through the groin and guided to a
blocked artery in the heart, left.
23206 The flower and fruit of an angiosperm contain the plant's seeds.
23207 The seafaring Jutes, Angles, and Saxons who invaded England in the mid-400's became known as
Anglo-Saxons.
23208 Several types of aerials may be used to receive radio or television signals.
23209 The appendix is a narrow tube that extends from the caecum of the large intestine.
23210 A home aquarium should have an air pump and one or more filters to keep the water clean.
23211 Cross Section of an Artery
23212 Like a natural heart, an air-powered artificial heart has two ventricles (chambers).
23213
A myoelectric artificial arm responds to muscle contractions in the remaining upper arm or shoulder.
23214 According to the general theory of relativity, the presence of a massive object changes the shape of
space around it.
23215 An atom consists of three basic types of particles called protons; neutrons; and electrons.
23216 Atoms vary greatly in weight, but they are all about the same size.
23217 Attila's empire stretched from the Danube River in the south to the Baltic Sea in the north, and from the
Rhine River in the west to the Caspian Sea in the east.
23218
Austria-Hungary, established in 1867, consisted of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.
23219 The drive train carries power from the engine to the wheels.
23220 The steering system guides the front wheels.
23221 The brake system slows or stops the car.
23222 Baby's Development Before Birth
23223 Location of Babylonia
23224 After a hot-air balloon is inflated, the pilot feeds fuel to the burner and lifts off.
23225 Some Kinds of Bass
23226 External Anatomy of a Beetle
23227 This diagram shows an internal view of a typical female beetle.
23228 The bills of birds vary according to what they eat and their feeding methods.
23229 Types of Feet
23230 Birds of Paradise
23231 Block and tackle is a machine used to perform such tasks as lifting weights and moving heavy
machinery.
23232 Location of the Assyrian Empire
23233 Main Types of Bombs
23234 A strategic bomber like this B-1B can strike distant targets with bombs or missiles.
23235 Bricks are usually laid horizontally in layers known as courses.
23236 The building construction of a skyscraper is shown here.
23237 Some Kinds of Bumble Bees
23238 Buoys help ships steer safely through harbours, rivers, and other
23239 A butterfly's body has three main parts: (1) the head; (2) the thorax; and (3) the abdomen.
23240 To move upstream, a vessel enters a lock in which the water level has been lowered to that of the water
just downstream.
23241 Carthage was an ancient city in North Africa.
23242 Parts of a Chicken
23243 Types of ducks
23244 Most kinds of domestic ducks developed from wild mallards.
23245 The propulsion system of an electric train includes the traction motor
23246 An electric train receives power from a catenary (overhead wire) or from an electrified third rail.
23247 How Horticulturists Classify Fruit
23248 Simple Fruits
23249 Compound Fruits
23250 The diagram on the left shows the parts of a human hair.
23251 Most roots anchor a plant and absorb water and minerals.
23252 Most stems support the plant's flowers and leaves.
23253 Leaves
23254 Flowers contain the reproductive parts of flowering plants.
23255 All seeds are either naked or enclosed.
23256 Prehistoric Animals
23257 Some Kinds of Salmon
23258 The thyroid gland is in the neck.
23259 Some kinds of toucans
23260 Nearly all the methods of transporting goods or people during prehistoric times depended on the
muscles of either human beings or animals.
23261 Wheeled vehicles and sailing vessels were invented during the 3000's B.C. They became the most
widely used means of transportation during ancient times.
23262 Beginning in the 1400's, Europeans built ships capable of making long ocean voyages.
23263 Peptic ulcers are open sores in the digestive system.
23264 A Viking warrior fought with a sword that had a broad two-edged blade made of iron or steel.
23265 Development of Warships
23266 Development of Warships
23267 Kinds of Cranes
23268 Sea birds and birds of the Antarctic
23269 Birds of Central and South America
23270 Birds of Africa
23271 Garden annuals
23272 Garden annuals
23273 Garden annuals
23274 Garden biennials
23275 Garden perennials
23276 Garden perennials
23277 Garden perennials
23278 Garden perennials
23279 Garden perennials: bulbs
23280 Garden perennials: bulbs
23281 Garden perennials: flowering shrubs
23282 Garden perennials: flowering shrubs
23283 Flowers of the Arctic tundra
23284 Flowers of the prairies and dry plains
23285 Flowers of the prairies and dry plains
23286 Flowers of Alpine tundras
23287 Flowers of the tropics and subtropics
23288 Goldfinches
23289 Models of the Atom
23290 The bigmouth buffalo is a large food fish.
23291 The body of a caterpillar is made up of 14 segments.
23292 DNA and RNA
23293
A person's circulatory system consists chiefly of a pump--the heart--and a network of blood vessels.
23294 The compound eye of a fruit fly is made up of structures called ommatidia, left.
23295 Types of Crickets
23296 The organs with which the cricket "sings.
23297 The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle that plays a major role in respiration.
23298
A bald eagle, its powerful wings spread wide, returns to its eyrie (nest) with food for its hungry young.
23299 The golden eagle is a feared hunter.
23300 The harpy eagle lives in Central and South American rain forests and feeds on monkeys, sloths, and
other animals.
23301 Steller's sea eagle is one of the largest and most powerful eagles.
23302 Body of an Earthworm
23303 The eel is a long, thin fish that resembles a snake.
23304 The elephant's-ear plant gets its name from the leaves,
23305 Evolution of Mammals from Reptiles
23306 Common types of fishing nets
23307 Common Methods of Hooking and Trapping
23308 The foot has three sets of bones--the tarsals, or anklebones; metatarsals, or instep bones; and
phalanges, or toe bones.
23309 Some Common Kinds of Fractures
23310 Skeleton of a Frog
23311 A frog's internal anatomy resembles that of higher animals in
23312 The human body has two kinds of glands--endocrine and exocrine.
23313 Body of a grasshopper
23314 External Anatomy of an Insect
23315 Insect Mouthparts
23316 Insect Legs and Feet
23317 Internal Anatomy of an Insect
23318 Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery.
23319 The knee is the joint at which the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
23320 Body of an American Lobster
23321 Some Major Characteristics of Mammals
23322 Teeth of Mammals
23323 How the Skeleton is Adapted for Movement
23324 A moth's body has three main parts: (1) head; (2) thorax; and (3) abdomen.
23325 The human nervous system has three main parts: (1) the central nervous system; (2) the peripheral
nervous system; and (3) the autonomic nervous system, which consists of sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions.
23326 A neuron has three basic parts.
23327 A hydraulic lift is lifted and lowered by a ram (piston).
23328 A gearless traction lift has steel cables called hoisting ropes that fit around a sheave.
23329 Human Reproductive System
23330 Body of a Spider
23331 Spider Faces and Feet
23332 Surface mining includes dredging and furrow mining.
23333 How Soil is Formed
23334 The sun is our chief source of energy.
23335 How Solar Energy Heats a House
23336 The alewife lives in the Great Lakes and along the Atlantic Coast of North America.
23337 The greater amberjack is the largest species of this fast-swimming game fish.
23338 The anchovy is a popular food fish.
23339 The argonaut is an eight-armed animal that lives in warm sea waters.
23340 Pacific Barracuda
23341 The Pacific bonito lives in the Pacific Ocean.
23342 The yellow bullhead, like other bullheads, has several long hornlike growths near its mouth.
23343 The cane toad has spread rapidly through Australia.
23344 The creek chub may grow to a length of 30 centimetres.
23345 The citrange looks and tastes like an orange.
23346 The Pacific cod lives in the waters of the northern Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea.
23347 The Johnny darter is a small fish of the perch family.
23348 The doctorfish lives in tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean.
23349 The spiny dogfish is a member of the shark family.
23350 The European bark beetle is one of the two kinds of beetles that spread Dutch elm fungus disease from
tree to tree.
23351 Euglenas are tiny freshwater organisms.
23352 The flyingfish uses its tail to propel itself from the water into the air, where the fish's large fins aid in
flight.
23353 The forget-me-not grows clusters of light-blue flowers.
23354 The longnose gar has long and slender jaws.
23355 The grayling has a slender body with colourful fins.
23356 The grunion is a small, silvery fish that lives along the coast of southern California and northwestern
Mexico.
23357 One species of grunt is the pigfish.
23358 A gymnosperm is a plant that has exposed seeds.
23359 The gypsy moth is a destructive forest pest.
23360 The haddock is an important food fish.
23361 A hake has two fins on its back and a long fin on its underside.
23362 The halibut is an important food fish that lives in northern waters.
23363 Pacific herring inhabit the ocean's northern waters.
23364 The lanternfish has organs along the sides of its head and body that enable the fish to create its own
light.
23365 The leafhopper destroys plants by sucking out juices.
23366 The locust, a type of grasshopper, has a large head; short antennae; and long legs.
23367 The South American lungfish has an eel-shaped body with threadlike fins.
23368 The mackerel has blue-green skin and a forked tail.
23369
The milk snake is valuable to farmers because it eats the mice that live in and around farm buildings.
23370 Minnows make up the largest family of freshwater fishes.
23371 Two Types of Mites
23372 The muskellunge is a large North American pike.
23373 The paca is a large rodent that lives in forests.
23374 The American paddlefish has an oarlike snout.
23375 A paramecium is a tiny one-celled organism.
23376 The pink bollworm in the caterpillar stage may seriously damage the blossoms and bolls of the cotton
plant.
23377 The puffer becomes twice its normal size and floats on the surface of the water when it inflates its
stomach.
23378 The roach is a small, slow-swimming fish that lives in European lowland rivers and lakes.
23379 The sable is a rare animal that is native to Siberia.
23380 A European sardine, or pilchard, grows from 23 to 30 centimetres in length.
23381 The scorpion has a poisonous sting in its tail.
23382 Shad
23383 A shrew is a small animal that resembles a sharp-nosed mouse.
23384 Smelt
23385 The spot is named for the spot on its shoulder.
23386 The squid has 10 arms, which are covered with sucking discs used to catch prey.
23387 The stonefly usually lives near brooks or streams.
23388 The sturgeon has rows of bony plates protecting its head and most of its body.
23389 Some members of the thrush family are the European blackbird, left; the wood thrush, centre; and the
veery, right.
23390 The tilefish lives along the northeastern coast of North America.
23391 The triggerfish lives in warm coastal waters.
23392 The yellowfin tuna provides light meat for canning.
23393 The turmeric plant is native to southern Asia.
23394 The yellow-throated vireo builds its nest high in the treetops of forests.
23395 The wahoo is an excellent game and food fish that lives in the warm waters of all oceans.
23396 The common stick insect resembles a twig.
23397 Weevils are insect pests that damage crops.
23398 The wintergreen has white blossoms and red berries.
23399 A wolffish has powerful jaws and teeth.
23400 Woodpecker
23401 The California sheepshead is a Pacific wrasse.
23402 A single plant produces several courgettes.
23403 Curling is played in a rectangular area on a level sheet of ice.
23404 Drainage systems remove excess water from the soil.
23405 A flood occurs when a river rises above its normal level and overflows
23406 Protective equipment helps prevent injuries.
23407 Every forest has various strata (layers) of plants.
23408 The Gulf Stream originates in the western Caribbean Sea.
23409 A hookworm usually enters the body through the skin.
23410
Horseshoe pitching is played on a rectangular court that has a stake set in a pitching box at each end.
23411 Some kinds of hawks
23412 Some kinds of hawks
23413 Hummingbirds
23414 The International Date Line runs down the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
23415 The kouprey is a rare animal found in southeast Asia.
23416 Kush, shown in yellow, occupied an area along the Nile River in what is now Sudan.
23417 Some kinds of monkeys
23418 Some kinds of monkeys
23419 Some kinds of parakeets
23420 Some kinds of parrots
23421 Peanuts grow underground.
23422 Animals of the Paleozoic Era
23423 Animals of the Mesozoic Era
23424 Animals of the Cenozoic Era
23425 Cross Section of a Grain of Rice
23426 Some Kinds of Whales
23427 Some kinds of whales
23428 Some kinds of whales
23429 Some functions of the circulatory system
23430 Development of coal
23431 Some Basic Types of Lures
23432 Kinds of Fog
23433 How a Forest Develops
23434 How Timber is Harvested
23435 Hawaiian Honeycreeper
23436 Main kinds of human joints
23437 Some knots, hitches, and splices
23438 Some knots, hitches, and splices
23439 Some knots, hitches, and splices
23440 Some knots, hitches, and splices
23441 The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung, two.
23442 A mandrake has a large, thick root.
23443 Location of Mesopotamia
23444 Metamorphosis of a Frog
23445 The millipede is a wormlike, many-legged animal.
23446 The Mormon cricket is very destructive to crops.
23447 Anatomy of a Mosquito
23448 A mullet has a stout, silvery-blue body.
23449 The dark green leaves of the mustard plant make an excellent summer vegetable that is high in vitamin
content.
23450 The National road, otherwise known as the Great National Pike was the main route taken by settlers
travelling into the West.
23451 Body of an Octopus
23452 After lining the well hole with pipes called casing, the crew lowers an instrument called a perforator into
the well.
23453 How Oil Is Recovered
23454 Equipment for developing and printing includes the items shown here.
23455 How to Develop Film
23456 Sound waves can help find oil.
23457 The chain pickerel is a popular fresh-water game fish.
23458 How plastic products are made
23459 How plastic products are made
23460 A roughy is a name of a group of fish that live in the temperate oceans, which range in size from 8 to 51
centimetres long.
23461 Types of Carpet Weaves
23462
A tufted floor covering consists of pile yarns called tufts, which are forced through a backing by needles.
23463 Knots for most Oriental rugs are made in one of two ways.
23464 The sawfish, a type of ray, has a sharklike body and a long snout.
23465 Prehistoric and Ancient Egyptian Ships
23466 Roman Ships
23467 Viking Ships
23468 Ships of the 1200's to the 1500's
23469 Ships of the 1500's to the 1800's
23470 Ships of the 1800's
23471 Few seagoing sailing ships are used today.
23472 Engine-Powered Ships
23473 Engine-Powered Ships
23474 Body of a Snail
23475 The common black snakeroot produces a medicinal drug.
23476 Body of a Female Fin Whale
23477 Some Species of Wheat
23478 The speckled alder has stalkless flowers called catkins.
23479 Balsa is so light that a youngster can easily carry large planks of it.
23480 The bayberry shrub grows in coastal areas of eastern North America.
23481 The Great Basin bristlecone pine ranks among the oldest living things.
23482 The camphor tree is the source of camphor.
23483 The cascara sagrada has oval leaves and black, berrylike fruit.
23484 The main kinds of cedars, cupressineous and true cedars, differ in structure.
23485 The American chestnut has toothed, glossy green leaves.
23486 The cork oak tree provides most of the world's supply of cork.
23487 The crab apple tree has large white to deep pink flowers.
23488 The cycad plant bears its seeds in cones.
23489 An elder is a tree or shrub of the honeysuckle family.
23490 The American elm has grey bark and oval leaves with saw-toothed
23491 The California red fir grows in the mountains of California and
23492 The fringe tree is named for its delicate threadlike or fringe like white flower petals that bloom in the early
spring.
23493 The hazel tree produces light-brown nuts that are good to eat.
23494 The pignut hickory is one of the most common hickory trees.
23495 The ironwood is a hardwood birch tree.
23496 The jacaranda is a beautiful flowering tree that grows in tropical and subtropical climates.
23497 The litchi is an evergreen tree that grows in warm climates.
23498 Live Oak
23499 The black locust is a popular shade tree.
23500 The big-leaf magnolia has large flowers and leaves.
23501 The mangosteen is a tree from southeast Asia that produces
23502 The pawpaw tree is native to North America.
23503 The peppertree gets its name from its strong-smelling red
23504 The balsam poplar grows in Canada and the Northern United
23505 The tamarind has compound leaves and small flowers.
23506 The teak tree grows in forests of southeastern Asia.
23507 The tung tree is the source of tung oil.
23508 Witch hazel has clusters of feathery, golden flowers.
23509 41st President of the United States 1989-1993
23510 The Southwestern Plain covers almost the entire western coast of South Korea.
23511 News photography was born during the mid-1800's with the work of Mathew Brady of the United States
and other photographers.
23512 Seoul's South Gate dates from the city's founding in the late 1300's.
23513 A statue of Shakespeare stands in Stratford's Holy Trinity Church, where the playwright is buried.
23514 Sunspots appear as irregularly-shaped dark patches on the surface of the sun.
23515 Tea pluckers near Kandy, Sri Lanka, pick leaves from mature tea plants.
23516 Hans Christian Andersen enjoyed reading his fairy tales to children.
23517 Alexander Graham Bell called Chicago from New York City in 1892 to demonstrate the use of the
telephone to businessmen.
23518 Queen Elizabeth II serves as the monarch of the United Kingdom and as the head of the Commonwealth
of Nations.
23519 Mahatma Gandhi won freedom for India.
23520 Geronimo led Indian attacks on troops and settlers in the southwestern United States and Mexico during
the 1870's and 1880's.
23521
The layers of dense clouds around Jupiter appear in a photograph of the planet taken by the Voyager 1
23522 A photograph by Dorothea Lange, taken in 1936, captures the despair of a migrant family during the
Great Depression.
23523 A South Asian farmer gets advice from a government farm expert.
23524 Scenic limestone hills near the city of Guilin in southern China are among the most unusual features of
China's vast countryside.
23525 World-famous Havana cigars rank among Cuba's leading exports.
23526 Hot, rainy Indonesia has an ideal climate for growing rubber trees.
23527 The Olympic Stadium features the world's first retractable stadium dome.
23528 Samuel F. B. Morse first won recognition as a painter.
23529 The icy crust of Triton, Neptune's largest satellite, has ridges and valleys that were revealed in
photographs taken by the U.S. space probe Voyager 2.
23530 A residential area in Caracas, Venezuela's capital and largest city, has many high-rise apartment
buildings.
23531 The Llanos consists of gently sloping plains that stretch across central Venezuela.
23532 The garter snake is a graceful, harmless snake of North America and Central America.
23533 The Labrador Current flows along the eastern shore of Labrador and the island of Newfoundland.
23534 The liquorice plant has blue flowers and glossy leaves.
23535 Mali Empire in 1337
23536 Some Common Molecules
23537 Some Types of Nails
23538 Different kinds of needles are made for special purposes.
23539 The nervous system enables us to adjust to changes in our surroundings.
23540 The system shown in this diagram uses a pressurized water reactor, which heats water under high
pressure.
23541 Ocean currents result from two forces: (1) the action of the wind on surface waters; and (2) the
differences in temperature and salt content of surface and deeper waters.
23542 The Papal States before 1870 were large and important tracts of land in the heart of Italy.
23543 Pens are used for writing and drawing with ink.
23544 Aperture size is measured in f-stops, which range above
23545 How Plants Grow Longer and Wider
23546 A cross section of the Great Pyramid shows the Grand Gallery; the King's Chamber; the Queen's
Chamber; and various passages.
23547 Particles Given Off By Radioactive Atoms
23548 Development of a Human Embryo
23549 River Dolphins
23550 Typical Design for a Paved Road
23551 This map shows the increase in territory that took place in Russia between 1462 and 1914.
23552 The San Andreas Fault is a fracture in the earth's crust that extends through much of California.
23553 Vascular sap moves through a tree in specialized tissues called xylem and phloem.
23554 Types of Scissors
23555 A screw is an inclined plane that spirals around a pole.
23556 Parts of a Seed
23557 The soybean plant stands 61 to 122 centimetres high.
23558 This illustration shows the basic parts of an attack submarine.
23559 This illustration shows the basic parts of a ballistic missile
23560 The white sucker has thick lips on the underside of its snout.
23561 Inside the Sun
23562 A newly-hatched tadpole resembles a small fish.
23563 How to Brush Your Teeth
23564
A terrarium can be made by placing pebbles, charcoal, and a soil mixture in a transparent container.
23565 A thermos flask is two bottles in one.
23566 The toadfish lives at the bottom of the ocean.
23567
A typical transformer consists of two coils of wire wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets.
23568 The type of trap a trapper uses depends on the kind of animal being trapped,
23569 Seeds of Broadleaf and Needleleaf Trees
23570 How a Tree Reveals Its History
23571 How to Plant a Tree
23572 Some Kinds of Trout
23573 Skeleton of a Tortoise
23574 A triode vacuum tube creates and controls a flow of electrons in a vacuum.
23575 A videodisc player converts the pictures and sounds recorded on a disc into TV signals.
23576 Historic Violins
23577 The wireworm causes great damage to farm crops.
23578 Weapons of World War I
23579 Parts of the Female Reproductive System
23580 The sound track is photographed on film by a beam of light, shown by the dashed line.
23581 The projector mechanism projects the film image on a screen
23582 The drawing at the left shows the chief parts of a mushroom.
23583 Mushrooms reproduce by releasing spores.
23584 Pirate flags commonly featured a skull and crossbones.
23585 Achilles' Tendon
23586 The freshwater angelfish of South America's Amazon River is popular in many home aquariums.
23587 Aphid
23588 Asp
23589 Perennial Baby's-Breath
23590 Beggar-Tick
23591 Female Black Widow
23592 Blow Fly
23593 Bot Fly
23594 Boysenberries
23595 Brown Recluse
23596 Camomile
23597 Campanula
23598 Candytuft
23599 Caper Bush
23600 Carpet Beetle
23601 Caterpillar
23602 Cattle Tick
23603 Celandine Leaves and Buds
23604 Cherry Laurel
23605 Chickpea
23606 Harvest Mite Chigger
23607 The space probe Voyager 2 was launched on August 20, 1977.
23608 The Soviet Vostok capsule, left, stood about 4.9 metres high.
23609 The Soviet Soyuz
23610 An X-ray telescope aboard Rosat, a satellite launched in 1990,
23611 Chinch Bug
23612 Chinese Cabbage
23613 Flowering Chive Plants
23614 Cineraria Blossoms
23615 Male cockatiel
23616 Cockroach
23617 The cocoon of a Cecropia moth is attached to a tree twig.
23618 Coltsfoot
23619 Crayfish
23620 Daddy Longlegs
23621 Deer Fly
23622 Deutzia
23623 Hawkweed
23624 Dewberries
23625 Spreading Dogbane
23626 Edelweiss
23627 Fennel
23628 Common European Flea
23629 Fruit Fly
23630 Garlic Bulb
23631 Geoduck
23632 Gnat
23633 Gooseberries
23634 Grain Weevil
23635 Hollyhock
23636 Coral Honeysuckle
23637 Hoopoe
23638 Giant Hornet
23639 Horse Fly
23640 Shoots of Horsetail
23641 Houseleek
23642 Black Huckleberry
23643 Japanese Beetle
23644 June beetle
23645 Kola Nuts
23646 Ladybird
23647 Larkspur
23648 The larynx has a framework of cartilage.
23649 Lavender
23650 Lentil
23651 Lyrebird
23652 Macadamia Nut
23653 Mayfly
23654 Mediterranean Fruit Fly
23655 Mignonette
23656 Millet
23657 Mint Plant
23658 Mistletoe
23659 Motmot
23660 Common Mullein
23661 Ocotillo looks like a bunch of dry sticks thrust into the sand in dry periods.
23662 Common Plantain
23663 Pokeweed Berries
23664 Portulaca
23665 Psyllium
23666 Pupa
23667 Rape Plant
23668 Common Sage
23669 The salsify root acquires an oyster flavour after a heavy frost, and so the vegetable is often called oyster
plant.
23670 Salvia Plant
23671 Sandbur
23672 Sawfly
23673 Early Saxifrage
23674 Scale Insect
23675 Scarab
23676 Seahorse
23677 The sesame plant bears capsules that contain seeds.
23678 Common Slipperwort
23679 The common greenbrier is a type of smilax.
23680 Snowdrop
23681 Red Sorrel
23682 Spearmint
23683 Divisions of the Spine
23684 Star-of-Bethlehem
23685 Stink Bug
23686 Strawflowers
23687 Taro Plant
23688 Teasel Flower Head
23689 Thrips
23690 Tsetse Fly
23691 Umbrellabird
23692 The upland sandpiper is usually found on wet prairies or meadows, and is the only member of the
sandpiper group not to live near the ocean.
23693 Adult Warble Fly
23694 Giant Water Scavenger
23695 Water Boatman
23696 Whiteflies are especially common in tropical regions.
23697 Wood Louse
23698 European wryneck
23699 The first seven U.S. astronauts, selected for the Mercury programme, were, left to right, Donald K.
Slayton; Walter M. Schirra, Jr.; L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.; H. Scott Carpenter; Virgil I. Grissom; John H.
Glenn, Jr.; and Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
23700 After splashdown, three balloons righted the Apollo 11
23701 The first people on the moon were U.S. astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, who took this picture, and Edwin
E. Aldrin, Jr., seen here next to a seismograph.
23702 Spanish missionaries first established themselves among the Native Americans in the area known as the
Spanish Borderlands.
23703 Helmut Jahn's State of Illinois Centre in the city centre of Chicago was completed in 1985.
23704 Mars's surface features, including light areas, dark areas, and polar cap, are visible in this photograph
taken from the earth.
23705 Some masks have skirts that cover much of the wearer's body.
23706 A demon mask from Sri Lanka, left, has fangs and bulging eyes.
23707 Sheep herding is Greenland's main agricultural activity.
23708 Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr., became the first American to orbit the earth.
23709 Foreign language classes are an important part of every Chinese student's education.
23710 The Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit in 1990.
23711 Aruba is a scenic island in the West Indies.
23712 Art nouveau is characterized by long, flowing lines that twist in snakelike fashion.
23713 The Great Nebula in the constellation Orion is a huge cloud of dust and gas.
23714 New South Wales lies in southeastern Australia.
23715 Harvesting oranges that are to be sold as fresh fruit involves clipping the ripe fruit by hand.
23716
At a packing house, oranges that are to be sold as fresh fruit are sorted according to grade and size.
23717 A typical painting by Mark Rothko emphasizes rectangles of colour.
23718 Rouault's The Old King resembles a stained-glass window with its thick black lines enclosing areas of
bright colour.
23719
The dark side of Saturn's rings was photographed by Voyager 1 as it flew by the side opposite the sun.
23720 The sun's corona, the outer edge of its atmosphere, can be studied during a solar eclipse.
23721
A huge solar eruption was photographed in 1973 by the Skylab space station as it orbited the earth.
23722 Vanuatu consists of 80 islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
23723 Dom Pedro IV Square, popularly known as the Rossio, is a centre of activity in Lisbon.
23724 Denver, Colorado's capital and largest city, boasts a spectacular view of the Rocky Mountains, which lie
just west of the city.
23725 Chirico's major paintings express hidden danger by combining shadows, isolated figures, and
exaggerated perspective.
23726 The Massacre of the Innocents by Giovanni Pisano.
23727 Red Petals by Alexander Calder.
23728 The Battle of the Alamo took place in a mission in San Antonio.
23729 Creating and enjoying art rank among humanity's most important activities.
23730 Traditional Korean music features several types of stringed instruments as well as drums, flutes, and
gongs.
23731 A typical Van Dyck portrait shows a full-length figure posed against a landscape background.
23732 Rosa Bonheur's The Horse Fair is the artist's best-known work.
23733 Bony Fish (Modern and Primitive)
23734 The fish in this group have a skeleton of cartilage.
23735 These fish have a cartilage skeleton and no jaws.
23736 The citadel of King Sargon II was built in the Assyrian capital of Khorsabad during the late 700's B.C.
The citadel included palaces, temples, public buildings, and a stepped pyramid called a ziggurat, which
rose above the other structures.
23737 The Temple of Khons was built in Karnak, Egypt, during the 1100's B.C. Two large towers called pylons
guarded the entrance.
23738 Some common insect pests
23739 Three kinds of bees make up a honey bee colony.
23740 The Reliance Building in Chicago was one of the first modern skyscrapers.
23741 The machine hall at a Paris exhibition in 1889 was designed by Ferdinand Dutert.
23742 Fuel is burned in a hot-water heater to heat water.
23743 Radiant electric heating uses a cable that produces heat from
23744
Steam heating works much like hot-water heating, except that water changes to steam in a boiler.
23745 Conduction carries heat through an object.
23746 Convection carries heat by circulating a heated material.
23747 Radiation carries heat in the form of waves through space.
23748 Assembling a car
23749 Assembling a car
23750 Assembling a car
23751
The conventional method of mining involves a series of steps, three of which require special machinery.
23752 Continuous-mining equipment eliminates the series of steps in mining a face.
23753
Longwall mining differs from the other methods of underground mining in its system of roof support.
23754 How clouds form
23755 How clouds form
23756 How clouds form
23757 Traditional costumes of many lands are shown in these illustrations. Such styles of clothing developed
over hundreds of years. Many of the costumes shown are no longer worn, or are worn only as part of
celebrations during festivals and holidays. T
23758 Costumes of Africa and the Middle East
23759 Costumes of Africa and the Middle East
23760 Costumes of Africa and the Middle East
23761 Costumes of Asia and the Pacific Islands
23762 Costumes of Asia and the Pacific Islands
23763 Costumes of Asia and the Pacific Islands
23764 Costumes of Europe
23765 Costumes of Europe
23766 Costumes of Europe
23767 Early churches were built, in most cases, on the oblong basilica plan or the round or many-sided
centralized plan.
23768 Location of Acadia
23769 Aegean civilization flourished on the islands and shores of the Aegean Sea between 3000 and 1200
B.C. Four cultures--the Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean, and Trojan--developed there.
23770 An electrostatic filter, also called an electrostatic precipitator, removes particles of dust and smoke from
the air.
23771 Most of these features are in the mountain ranges that include Italy's border with Austria, France, or
Switzerland.
23772 The ammeter measures the strength of electric currents.
23773 The various small-arms cartridges differ in the type of projectile they contain.
23774 Amphibious ships, such as the U.S.S. Tarawa, land troops, weapons, and vehicles for amphibious
attacks.
23775 This drawing shows the nest of a colony of harvester ants.
23776 Ants develop in four stages: (1) egg; (2) larva; (3) pupa;
23777 How Antibiotics Are Produced
23778 Archaeologists use a method called seriation to show cultural development.
23779 A truncated cube is a type of Archimedean solid.
23780 Islamic architecture has produced many beautiful houses of worship called mosques.
23781 The Pantheon, built as a temple in Rome about A.D. 126, still stands.
23782 The Roman Empire under Augustus expanded greatly.
23783 In 1282, almost all of what is now Austria, outlined in red, formed part of the Holy Roman Empire.
23784 The goose barnacle fastens itself onto floating objects.
23785 Shapes and Sizes of Bears
23786 Bearings keep the shafts of machines turning smoothly.
23787 Stages in the Life of a Bee
23788 A worker bee called a scout dances a figure-8 pattern
23789 A standard hive has removable drawerlike supers.
23790 A beetle goes through four stages of development: (1) egg;
23791 This map shows in dark grey the area controlled by the Benin Kingdom, which flourished in the Niger
Delta from the mid-1400's to the mid-1600's.
23792 Some Kinds of Bicycles
23793 A Crookes tube produces cathode rays.
23794 Parts of Binoculars
23795 Pleasure boats of all sizes reflect the rapid growth of boating throughout the world.
23796 Pleasure boats of all sizes reflect the rapid growth of boating throughout the world.
23797 Some Kinds of Bolts
23798 This diagram shows the chief steps in binding a hardcover
23799 Each wing has a flat bottom and a curved top.
23800 How Bottles Are Made
23801 A pneumatic caisson uses compressed air to keep water out of an excavation site.
23802 Plants absorb carbon dioxide exhaled by people and animals, and give off oxygen.
23803 A furnace heats the air, and a blower forces it through a duct to a outlet that opens into the room being
heated.
23804 Water is heated in a boiler and pumped through a continuous coil of pipe in the floor of the room being
heated.
23805 A heating system that uses a heat pump operates much like a warm-air system.
23806 Five kinds of bees
23807 Five kinds of bees
23808 Bullets consist of a metal core that is either fully or partly covered by a metal jacket.
23809 A stone castle of the Middle Ages had high, strong walls and was
23810 A cathedral is shaped like a cross.
23811 A cellular telephone system is made up of many adjoining
23812 Chaldea was a region of ancient Babylonia.
23813 The queen and king may both move in any direction.
23814 Most underground mines in the United States use the room-and-pillar system of mining.
23815 Mining companies remove mineral impurities from coal by a
23816 A band of colours called the visible spectrum forms
23817 How Two Pigments Produce a Third Colour
23818 Development of Coal
23819 Development of Coal
23820 Some functions of the circulatory system
23821 The cross is the most familiar symbol of Christianity.
23822 The winds of a cyclone spiral in toward a low-pressure centre.
23823 A cyclonic storm develops at a low-pressure centre.
23824 In decomposition, a substance is broken down into simpler products.
23825 Some Principles of Design
23826 Body and skeleton of a dog
23827 According to the receptor theory, drugs produce their effects by attaching to receptor molecules in body
cells.
23828 Diving ducks have long, narrow bills with toothlike edges to hold fish, top.
23829 Sound waves enter the ear through the external auditory canal.
23830 Ears of Various Animals
23831
European and North American eels leave their freshwater streams and breed in the Sargasso Sea.
23832 Power for an electric car comes from batteries that run one
23833 An electric power delivery system has power lines to carry
23834 How emphysema affects the lungs.
23835 Enzymes in the digestive system break down food for use in the
23836 In extrusion, a solid material such as metal is shaped by
23837 How the Eye Focuses
23838 Depth perception is the ability to judge distance and to tell
23839 Some Animal Eyes
23840 Automated Grain Storage System
23841 Fencing moves follow a sequence.
23842 Fencing Weapons and Their Target Areas
23843 Fish help keep the number of organisms on the earth in balance.
23844 These drawings show examples of the four main types of fish
23845 The lateral line system makes a fish sensitive to vibrations
23846 Fishing Hooks
23847 Fishing knots are used for a variety of purposes.
23848 A torch shines as electric current is carried from the
23849 A Koch snowflake is a fractal that is formed by adding small
23850 A fuel injection system pumps fuel to a nozzle, which then
23851 Two types of fuses that protect electric circuits in the home
23852 Genghis Khan started his empire from Karakorum in 1206.
23853 In World War I Germany drove deep into eastern Europe, overwhelming the old-fashioned Russian
army.
23854 After World War II,[1939-1945] Germany was divided into zones occupied
23855 Grafting involves joining a scion--a bud or cutting
23856 In whip grafting, a scion and a stock of about the same diameter are joined.
23857 In cleft grafting, a cut is made in the top of the stock.
23858 In bark grafting, the bark of the stock is slit and peeled
23859 The Greek kingdom formed in 1832 covered less than half of present-day Greece.
23860 A two-degree-of-freedom gyroscope has its rotor and axle
23861 A laser gyroscope provides guidance without using a spinning
23862 Hammers are made in many different shapes and sizes to do a
23863 The Colt .45 automatic pistol is used primarily for personal
23864 Coronary bypass surgery enables blood to flow around
23865 The development of the heart-lung machine in the 1950's made
23866 Heat energy can be changed into other forms of energy.
23867 Types of Helicopters
23868 Early Helicopters
23869 Hemispheres
23870 Mendel's Experiments on Heredity
23871 Horns and antlers differ in structure.
23872 Body of a Horse
23873 Bottom of a Horse's Hoof
23874 Skeleton of a Horse
23875 A horse's foot has a single toe, which is formed by the
23876 These illustrations show some of the ancestors of the modern
23877 Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in the lungs, which
23878 Two Kinds of Hydrofoils
23879 Hydroponics involves growing plants without soil by one of
23880 A sized-ice machine produces short tubes of ice.
23881 Simple Induction Coil
23882 Three Patterns of Insect Growth
23883 Iron is made in a blast furnace by means of chemical reactions
23884 Direct reduction produces solid iron.
23885 Q-BOP is a version of the basic oxygen process.
23886 Making Steel by the Basic Oxygen Process
23887 Isobars on a map connect places that have the same air pressure.
23888 Isothermal lines on a map connect places that have the same
23889 Kublai Khan ruled the Mongol Empire in the late 1200's.
23890 Location of Lapland
23891 Most liquid air is manufactured by the Claude process.
23892 The bolt of a door lock slides back and forth.
23893 A mortise lock is cut into a door.
23894 A rim lock has a bolt enclosed in a frame mounted on the
23895 A cylindrical, or knob, lock has a locking mechanism that
23896 Making Steel by the Electric Furnace Process
23897 Making Steel by the Electric Furnace Process
23898 Formation of Fronts
23899 The Yuan (Mongol) dynasty ruled China from 1279 to 1368.
23900 The earliest civilizations arose in four river valleys in
23901 Powerful empires emerged as civilization advanced and spread
23902 European colonial empires had spread over much of the world by the late 1800's.
23903 A cone is a solid figure.
23904 The pitch is marked by batting and bowling creases.
23905 The Nile River was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt.
23906 A typical country estate in ancient Egypt had a shallow pool enclosed in a courtyard.
23907 Steam electric power plants create steam by heating water in a
23908 A hydroelectric power plant uses the force of falling water
23909 A bustling market place called the agora was the
23910 Greek cargo ships sailed among the Greek islands and to overseas
23911 The Inca ruled a vast, rich empire in South America.
23912 Inside a diesel-electric locomotive, a diesel engine turns a
23913 Machine Tools
23914 Machine Tools
23915 Electrical discharge machining (EDM) produces smooth,
23916 High-energy rate forming (HERF) uses an explosive charge to
23917 The Strait of Magellan is located at the southern tip of
23918 A Maya city called Tikal lies in what is now Guatemala.
23919 The Mexican Cession was the land Mexico ceded (gave up)
23920 A mirage can be caused by light rays bending when they pass
23921 Nitrogen makes up about 78 per cent of the earth's atmosphere,
23922 An atom consists of a nucleus and one or more electrons.
23923 The core is the heart of a nuclear reactor.
23924 How a Reactor Works
23925 Offset lithography printing is not done directly from a
23926 This diagram shows how wind flows through a pipe organ.
23927 Paint is made by mixing coloured pigment powder in a liquid
23928 This chart shows the major features of the hand used in
23929 The sex of an adult budgie can usually be told by the colour
23930 Parallax causes a nearby star to shift position among more
23931 Parthia was an ancient kingdom in Asia.
23932 The bones of the pelvis form a basinlike structure.
23933 Gizzard
23934 Peppermint
23935 The phosphorus cycle is slow and irregular because it takes
23936 A camera is basically a box with a lens at one end and film
23937
The pimento bears small berries used to make the spice called allspice, Jamaica pepper, or pimento.
23938 Plants play an important part in the cycle of nature.
23939 Many plants reproduce by vegetative propagation.
23940 Seeds have a variety of features that help them to be
23941 Location of the Polish Corridor
23942 Polyhedrons are solid figures with four or more flat
23943 Some Kinds of Primates
23944 Gutenberg's press probably looked like this drawing.
23945 Types of prisms include right prisms and oblique prisms.
23946 Famous ranch brands of the Old West.
23947 How a Multistage Rocket Works
23948 A solid-propellant rocket burns a solid material called the grain.
23949 A liquid-propellant rocket carries fuel and an oxidizer
23950 An ion rocket is a kind of electric rocket.
23951 A nuclear rocket uses the heat from a nuclear reactor to
23952 The basic parts of a model rocket are sold in kits by many
23953 A triumphal procession paraded through the Roman Forum,
23954 Trained warriors called gladiators battled to the death
23955 Aqueduct construction was one of the peacetime activities
23956 Rose Chafer
23957 Most artificial satellites travel in one of the three types of
23958 A scallop has a hard shell.
23959 Location of Scandinavia
23960 A sea urchin is covered by long, movable spines.
23961 Location of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
23962 The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was one of the largest temples
23963
The statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece, was probably the most famous statue made by the Greeks.
23964 The pyramids of Egypt at Giza are the best preserved of the
23965 The Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt, was the world's first
23966 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a great marble tomb.
23967 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were probably built by King Nebuchadnezzar II after he married a
mountain princess.
23968 The Colossus of Rhodes was built in honour of the sun god Helios.
23969 Parts of a Univalve Shell
23970 Parts of a Bivalve Shell
23971 Parts of a Pump Action Shotgun
23972 Silk-screen prints can be made in several ways.
23973 The Jacobson's organ in snakes is used with the tongue to detect odours.
23974 Pit organs enable a snake to locate prey by the body heat
23975 An elastic loop propels the pole spear and Hawaiian sling.
23976 A sphere is a solid globelike figure.
23977 A sponge's body has many openings and passages that allow
23978 Plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, and protozoans form spores
23979 The various kinds of stems differ in structure.
23980 Swimming pools are divided into lanes for races, one lane for
23981 Two ways to hold a table tennis racket are shown above.
23982 In an analogue tape recorder, the tape travels from the
23983 Recording tape consists of a plastic base coated with
23984 A pork tapeworm has a flat, ribbonlike body.
23985 Optical telescopes form an image of a star or other heavenly
23986 A Cassegrain reflecting telescope uses a primary mirror
23987 Tents are manufactured in many sizes and styles.
23988 When the temperature in a room becomes too cold, the
23989 A manual transmission contains a system of gears controlled
23990 Triangles can be classified by their angles or by the
23991 A triangle is a plane figure that has three sides and three
23992 How Tuberculosis Develops
23993 Location of the United Arab Republic
23994 A typical Viking settlement consisted of a small farming community built near a river or fiord (inlet to the
sea).
23995 Wells are used to draw water from the ground.
23996 The Normandy invasion on June 6,1944, brought Allied forces
23997 At the start of the American Civil War, the militia units that largely made up the Union and Confederate
armies wore a variety of uniforms.
23998 Bataan Peninsula is part of Luzon, the largest island of the
23999 A model rocket engine includes the solid fuel, which propels
24000 Fish of coastal waters and the open ocean
24001 Fish of coastal waters and the open ocean
24002 Fish of coral reefs
24003 Fish of coral reefs
24004 Fish of the deep ocean
24005 Fish of tropical fresh waters
24006 This illustration shows a typical large house of a wealthy
24007 Gas exchange takes place within respiratory units.
24008 How Cotton Develops
24009 Parts of a Cylinder
24010 San Jose Scale is an insect that feeds on many kinds of fruit trees, including apple, pear, plum, and
peach.
24011 The female San Jose scale, shown here with its protective scale removed, may produce up to 400
young.
24012 Transplants can be divided into two chief types:
24013 Pure, solid carbon occurs in three cystalline forms.
24014 All vertebrates share a basic skeletal pattern of an
24015 The root tip comprises the regions in which cells divide
24016 Secondary tissues develop in some kinds of roots.
24017 The ancient Egyptians portrayed many of their gods and goddesses with human bodies and the heads of
birds or other animals.
24018 The ancient Egyptians portrayed many of their gods and goddesses with human bodies and the heads of
birds or other animals.
24019 Instruments are grouped in four major classes:
24020 Instruments are grouped in four major classes:
24021 Instruments are grouped in four major classes: (1) stringed instruments, (2) wind instruments, (3)
percussion instruments, and (4) keyboard instruments.
24022 Parts of a Common Feather
24023 The inner ear consists of the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea.
24024 The diagram shows the three types of rows on a chessboard.
24025 The Qing dynasty, an empire established by the Manchu people
24026 Korean War
24027 Korean War
24028 Making a cased pencil involves several steps.
24029 Basic sailing manoeuvres
24030 Basic sailing manoeuvres
24031 Basic sailing manoeuvres
24032 This map shows the early states of Indochina.
24033 This map shows French Indochina, which included Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
24034 Several Kinds of Drums
24035 Some common insect pests
24036 Powering the car
24037 Powering the car
24038 Powering the car
24039 There are more than 300,000 species of beetles.
24040 There are more than 300,000 species of beetles.
24041
These drawings show some of the equipment that farmers use to till (work) the soil and to plant crops.
24042 Case History of a Heart Attack
24043 Coat of Arms
24044 Symbols on a coat of arms
24045 Symbols on a coat of arms
24046 How a Sawmill Saws Large Logs
24047 A chipper-canter saws small logs.
24048 Log-sawing patterns vary, depending on the size of the log.
24049 The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels throughout the body.
24050 Lymph forms from fluid that seeps out of capillaries.
24051 Six main groups of trees
24052 Six main groups of trees
24053 Some Kinds of Oaks
24054 These illustrations show the kinds of deciduous and permanent teeth
24055 Thousands of kinds of trucks perform specialized work.
24056 Thousands of kinds of trucks perform specialized work.
24057 Weapons of World War II
24058 Weapons of World War II
24059 Margaret Mead, an American anthropologist, left,
24060 39th President of the United States, 1977-1981
24061 The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between Union and Confederate forces at Gettysburg, Philadelphia,
in July 1863.
24062 Charles Dickens, the most famous English writer of his time, often enchanted audiences with dramatic
readings from his novels.
24063 Duke Ellington, centre, was one of the leading figures in jazz history.
24064 38th President of the United States 1974-1977
24065 As a Civil War general, Grant won several major Union victories and became commander of all Union
forces in 1864.
24066 37th President of the United States 1969-1974
24067 Fats Waller was a popular American jazz pianist.
24068 Jesse James, according to an old ballad, "killed many a man, and robbed the Glendale train.
24069 Candles are made in a variety of colours, shapes, and sizes.
24070 Chinese musicians play Western and Chinese instruments.
24071
A Nativity scene, also called a creche, shows figures of Mary and Joseph praying over the Christ child.
24072
Church services on Christmas morning are a highlight of the holiday season for millions of Christians.
24073 A visit to Santa is a Christmas treat for children throughout the world.
24074 Cinnamon is sold in both powdered and stick form.
24075 An artist uses clay to model an earthenware vase.
24076 Fossil ferns and a lump of coal were both formed from the remains of plants that died many millions of
years ago.
24077 Farming in arid regions requires special techniques to conserve water.
24078 Decoupage is the art of decorating furniture and accessories with paper cutouts.
24079 A piece of limestone, formed more than 100 million years ago, contains fossil shells of extinct sea
animals.
24080 Leather is embossed with a special punch.
24081 A fish that lived 58 million years ago left its "picture" in this fossil.
24082 The variety of foods is amazing.
24083 Wholesale produce firms buy large quantities of fruits and vegetables from farmers.
24084 Mongolian gerbils are lively animals that make excellent pets.
24085 Daily grooming of a horse's coat and mane helps maintain the animal's health and improves its
appearance.
24086 Cleaning a horse's hooves is part of the daily care that the animal should receive.
24087 Gold objects, such as these of a man and a llama, were used by the families of Inca nobles.
24088 A Maya chief pricks his tongue to add his blood to a sacrifice being made to the gods.
24089 Fossil insects indicate that insects have lived on the earth at least 400 million years.
24090 A firefly flashes its light on and off as a mating signal.
24091 Steelmakers work with many forms of iron and steel.
24092 Francis Scott Key
24093 Lead, foreground, is refined mainly from galena, a grey metallic ore, background.
24094 Marble occurs in many colours.
24095 Mercury is a silver-coloured liquid at room temperature.
24096 The metronome is a clocklike device with a pendulum that can be adjusted to make a ticking sound at
various speeds.
24097 A 35-millimetre projector is used to show films in cinemas.
24098 Origami is the Japanese art of folding paper into decorative objects.
24099 A Foucault pendulum shows the rotation of the earth.
24100 Pewter is an alloy that has a white, metallic colour resembling silver.
24101 Grand pianos are the largest and most expensive pianos.
24102 Pipes come in a variety of shapes and sizes and are made from such materials as brier, meerschaum,
and porcelain.
24103 Three kinds of model rockets can be built by hobbyists.
24104 Hybrid tea roses have only a few flowers on each plant.
24105 A sculptor builds up a figure with small pieces of clay.
24106 This sculptor uses a hammer and chisel and other special tools to trim the block of marble to the desired
shape.
24107 Welding is a method of creating metal sculptures through the use of such equipment as arc welding
tools.
24108 Trajan's Column (detail).
24109 Tomb of Pope Alexander VII by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
24110 Mercury by Antoine Coysevox.
24111 Statue of George Washington by Horatio Greenough.
24112 Actors use sign language in a scene from a play about a deaf baseball player.
24113 Sulphur is a yellow, nonmetallic element.
24114 A typical tennis racket has a frame made of 85 per cent fibreglass and 15 per cent graphite.
24115 A wide variety of textile products--from carpeting, clothing, and towels to fire hoses, typewriter ribbons,
and umbrellas--helps meet the needs of people throughout the world.
24116 A proscenium stage permits the audience to see a play only
24117 A theatre-in-the-round is an open area with the audience sitting
24118 Set construction may be handled in the theatre's own shop or by an outside studio.
24119
The set designer uses a scale model to demonstrate to the director how the set will look and work.
24120 The viola looks like a large violin, and the musician holds and plays it like a violin.
24121 To play the violin properly, tuck the instrument under your chin and rest it on your left shoulder.
24122 Foods made with wheat are a major part of the diet for over a third of the world's people.
24123 New varieties of wheat have enabled many countries to increase grain production.
24124 Wright's Robie House is an example of his prairie style.
24125 Tigers and deer at the Milwaukee County Zoo live in areas that
24126 The beagle is a small dog sometimes used in the sport of hunting rabbits.
24127 The bearded collie originated in Scotland.
24128 The Bernese mountain dog has long, silky hair.
24129 Bloodhounds follow a scent by sniffing the ground.
24130 The border terrier is a strong hunting dog.
24131 The bullmastiff was bred to guard English estates.
24132 The Scottish fold has ears that are folded forward.
24133 The chihuahua, like this long-coated variety, stands about 13 centimetres high.
24134 The curly-coated retriever is named for its dark coat of thick, tight curls.
24135 A dachshund has a long body and short legs.
24136 A mother nurses her puppies until they are about 6 weeks old.
24137 The English foxhound is used to hunt foxes.
24138 The giant schnauzer has a thick, wiry coat.
24139 The Ibizan hound is a sleek dog with upright ears.
24140 The Irish setter has a shaggy, brownish-red coat.
24141 The slender Italian greyhound has a graceful shape.
24142 Komondor
24143 Kuvasz
24144 The lakeland terrier comes from northern England.
24145 The Lhasa apso originally came form Tibet.
24146 The Norfolk terrier is an affectionate pet.
24147 The Norwich terrier originated in England.
24148 The Rhodesian ridgeback is a powerful hunting dog that originated in southern Africa.
24149 Powerful rottweilers once guarded Roman herds.
24150 The St. Bernard is a good watchdog and pet.
24151 The Scottish deerhound was bred to hunt wild deer.
24152 Silky Terrier
24153 The Vizsla is a powerful hunting dog.
24154 The Welsh springer spaniel has a keen sense of smell.
24155 West Highland white terriers are faithful pets.
24156 The wirehaired pointing griffon is a hunting dog.
24157 The team that invented the transistor consisted of the American physicists William Shockley, seated,
Walter Brattain, left, and John Bardeen, right.
24158 Talking to his men, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, commander of the Normandy invasion, wished
paratroopers luck before they dropped behind German lines in France on D-Day.
24159 Buddhism has had a strong influence on Korean culture.
24160 St. Nicholas, accompanied by his servant Swarte Piet (Black Pete) and other attendants, arrives in the
Netherlands by boat from Spain.
24161 The seafaring Jutes, Angles, and Saxons who invaded Britain in the A.D. 400's became known as Anglo-
Saxons.
24162 Isolated villages and rugged landscapes are a common scene in Afghanistan.
24163 Islam greatly influences almost all aspects of Afghan life.
24164 An Islamic wedding procession in Egypt leads the bride
24165 Cotton is grown in the Nile River Valley, a fertile farming
24166 Forest-covered hills surround a swimming hole in Cheaha Mountain State Park, near Anniston.
24167 A dramatic race to the South Pole began late in 1911.
24168 The Andes Mountains run along the western border of Argentina.
24169 Glen Canyon Dam, on the Colorado River in northern Arizona,
24170 The Dead Sea shore, the lowest place on the earth's surface,
24171 Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados, is one of the West
24172 Mahogany logs from a Belizean forest are loaded on to a lorry
24173 Bamboo huts perched on poles serve as homes for the people
24174 A Bhutanese dzong (fortified monastery)
24175 The way of life in rural Bolivia has changed little over the
24176 Botswana is a thinly populated country in southern Africa.
24177 Brussels, the capital of Belgium, has many buildings hundreds
24178 A coffee farm-worker in Burundi picks berries that contain beans from which coffee is made.
24179 Polar explorer Richard E. Byrd, second from the
24180 The Indians of Canada's Pacific coast are famous for their fine woodcarvings.
24181 Mindelo, Cape Verde's second largest city, lies on the island
24182 Chile's Northern Desert region includes one of the world's
24183 Pierre and Marie Curie became famous for their research on
24184 The city of Djibouti is the capital of the country of Djibouti.
24185 Panama hats, woven by hand, are a leading product of Ecuador.
24186 Addis Ababa, the capital and largest city of Ethiopia,
24187 Dian Fossey studied and photographed mountain gorillas in Africa.
24188 Charles de Gaulle served as president of France from 1958 to
24189 The Grand Canyon is one of the most famous scenic wonders in the United States.
24190 Bank failures wiped out the savings of millions of people
24191 The Mosquito Coast of northeastern Honduras is covered
24192 The Negev Desert in southern Israel is the nation's driest region, receiving an average yearly rainfall of
only 25 millimetres.
24193 Bebop revolutionized jazz in the 1940's.
24194 Louis Armstrong, was probably the most popular jazz artist in history.
24195 36th President of the United States 1963-1969
24196 The Jordan River Valley is Jordan's major agricultural region.
24197 A street market stretches along a sidewalk in Bamako, Mali's
24198 Valletta, Malta, borders the Mediterranean Sea.
24199 Mount Rushmore is a memorial to four great Americans.
24200 The Mosque of Omar, or Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem covers the rock from which Muhammad is
believed to have ascended to heaven.
24201 Herero women wear brightly coloured clothing.
24202 Granite mounds rise in Quartz Mountain State Park near Lugert.
24203 San Juan is Puerto Rico's capital and largest city.
24204 Reykjavik is the capital and largest city of Iceland.
24205 Chuck Berry helped define the rebellious spirit of rock 'n' roll
24206 Elvis Presley became rock's first superstar.
24207 An Independence Day festival in Dakar, the capital of Senegal,
24208 Lake Titicaca on the border between Bolivia and Peru is the world's highest navigable lake at 3,812
metres above sea level.
24209
Spectacular Angel Falls in eastern Venezuela has a longer drop than any other waterfall in the world.
24210 Stockholm covers 14 islands and a part of the mainland.
24211 Prospect Creek, Alaska, recorded the lowest U.S. temperature ever, -62 degrees C. The nearby town of
Barrow has the country's
24212 The harbour at Montevideo, at the junction of the Atlantic Ocean and the Rio de la Plata, handles most of
Uruguay's international sea trade.
24213 The coastal plains of western and southwestern Uruguay have the country's richest soil.
24214 Mount McKinley, in central Alaska, has the highest summit
24215 Albanian peasants meet at a livestock market in a rural area.
24216 Algiers, the capital and largest city of Algeria, is often called Algiers the White because of its many white
buildings.
24217 A researcher at the South Pole checks data gathered by a telescope.
24218 Deserts--like the one in Kuwait--cover much of Southwest Asia.
24219 Central Asia's grassy plains are the home of many livestock
24220 First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, ate food from a tube before her flight in Vostok 6 which
lasted from June 16-19, 1963.
24221 Sir Roger Bannister was the first person to run a mile in less
24222 Carved stone gateways lead to a garden near Beijing's Temple of Heaven.
24223 European bison, or wisent, graze in the Belovezha Forest, a nature preserve in western Belarus and
eastern Poland.
24224 Bangui, capital city of the Central African Republic, nestles
24225 Bridge construction and other public-improvement projects
24226 Colourful textiles rank among Colombia's leading manufactured
24227 The Western Dune Coast is an area of sandy beaches and dunes that extends along most of Jutland's
western coast.
24228 The East-Central Hills, covering much of Jutland and the nearby islands, have gently rolling lands and
narrow fiords.
24229 Many Egyptian fellahin farm small plots of land in the fertile
24230 Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia.
24231 Suva, the capital and largest city of Fiji, is also the
24232 Albert Schweitzer's hospital and leper colony in Lambarene
24233 Agana, Guam's capital, lies in Agana Bay on the west coast of
24234 Wild Bill Hickok, an American frontier scout and peace officer
24235 Outrigger canoes are used in Indonesian waters for such purposes as fishing, ship-to-shore
transportation, and
24236 Muslim pilgrims pray at the Kaaba, the holiest shrine of Islam.
24237 Riga, Latvia, lies on the Western Dvina River, south of the Gulf of Riga.
24238 Lenin set up the world's first Communist dictatorship.
24239 Vilnius, the capital and largest city of Lithuania, lies along
24240 Skopje, Macedonia's capital, features many small shops along cobblestoned streets in its old town
district, shown.
24241 In southern Madagascar, people often use cattle like these
24242 Deserts cover large areas of the Pacific Northwest and Northern
24243 Majestic Mount Cook, New Zealand's highest mountain, soars
24244 Sacks of peanuts, ready for shipment to market, are piled in pyramid form by a continuous stream of
Nigerian workers.
24245 Muslim rituals, such as group prayer meetings, play an important
24246 The heart of Paris includes many beautiful buildings that are
24247 Red Square is the centre of activity in Moscow, Russia's
24248 The East Siberian Uplands are mainly a wilderness of mountains and plateaus.
24249 A belt of rich farmland stretches across Russia from east to west.
24250 A fishing crew brings in sturgeon from the mouth of the
24251 Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, lies on the country's
24252 Soviet cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin became the first person in space on April 12,1961.
24253 Mbabane, the administrative capital of Swaziland, lies in the
24254 Zebras and gnus roam across Tarangire National Park in northern
24255 Tunis, the capital and largest city of Tunisia, is the nation's
24256 Sandy beaches and warm weather make Yalta a favourite vacation spot for Ukrainians.
24257
Soviet military power being paraded through Red Square in Moscow in annual May Day celebrations.
24258 The Allegheny Mountains cut through eastern West Virginia.
24259 Most Western Samoan houses have thatched roofs and open sides
24260 A Xhosa boy herds cattle in the Transkei region of South Africa.
24261 Sana is the capital of Yemen.
24262 Rugged mountains cover most of Yugoslavia.
24263 The muddy brown Amazon joins the blue-black waters of the Rio
24264 Antarctica's rugged coast features jagged mountain peaks and glacier-filled valleys.
24265 The handicrafts industry provides work for many Asians.
24266 The spectacular Rocky Mountains in Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park.
24267 Buffalo Bill" Cody, from a painting by Rosa Bonheur, the
24268
At an outdoor market in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, people buy food and other goods.
24269 Attractive villages line the Cote d'Azur along the eastern
24270 Nicosia is the capital and largest city of Cyprus.
24271 Denmark's charm and prosperity are evident in the well-maintained old buildings and fashionable cafes
of Copenhagen's Nyhavn Canal.
24272 The Florida Everglades is a fascinating region of natural beauty.
24273 Gambian women cultivate a field of rice.
24274 A market in Conakry offers household items for sale.
24275 The Sawtooth Mountains rise beyond a ranch near Hailey, creating a picturesque winter scene.
24276 A federal agent breaks barrels containing alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition Era, which lasted in
the United States from 1920 to 1933.
24277 Cataract Falls tumbles into the Eel River amid the lush, green forests of west-central Indiana.
24278 Huge oil refineries operate near Hammond.
24279 Kentucky horse farms produce some of the world's finest
24280 The Mississippi Delta was formed by silt carried down to the
24281 The harbour of Funchal, Madeira, makes a picturesque sight with its old fortress.
24282 The Faneuil Hall Marketplace in the centre of Boston
24283 The Matterhorn has one of the highest peaks in the Pennine Alps, [4,477 metres]; the Pennine Alps lie
between Italy and Switzerland.
24284 Glacier National Park, located in northwestern Montana, has many steep, rugged peaks such as Grinnell
Point.
24285 Rabat, Morocco's capital, lies on the Atlantic Ocean.
24286 A herd of dairy cattle grazes on a pasture in the Appalachian
24287 Taos Pueblo is a Pueblo Indian village in north-central New Mexico.
24288 St. Louis Cathedral faces Jackson Square in the heart of the
24289 The Hudson River Valley at Bear Mountain Bridge in eastern New York is one of the state's many scenic
areas.
24290 Cape Hatteras is called the Graveyard of the Atlantic
24291 Jesse Owens of the United States was the hero of the 1936
24292 Rwanda is a country in east-central Africa.
24293 A farmworker in Togo carries a basket of food on her head.
24294 Juan Peron rode in triumph with his second wife, Eva, after being reelected president of Argentina in
1952.
24295 Surfboat races, such as this one at a beach in Sydney, are a favourite sport in the coastal cities.
24296 Shoppers and vendors gather at open-air market-places,
24297 Richard Bedford Bennett
24298 Sir Robert L. Border, Prime Minister of Canada, 1911-1920.
24299 Joe Louis, right, was a great heavyweight champion.
24300 The Northeast Region of Brazil consists of the area that bulges into the Atlantic Ocean.
24301 Calamity Jane was an expert with a horse and rifle.
24302 Chinese Communists, led by Mao Zedong, defeated the Nationalist
24303 Stephen Decatur stands victoriously on the deck of a man-of-war after successfully forcing Algiers to
sign a peace treaty.
24304 Walt Disney opened the Disneyland theme park in 1955.
24305 Cairo, the capital and largest city in Egypt, is also the
24306 Outdoor market places called bazaars are found
24307 Giant pyramids and other ancient wonders of Egypt attract
24308 Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., was a famous film actor of the 1920's.
24309 The gleaming lights of Helsinki, Finland's capital and largest city, brighten the 18-hour nights of
midwinter.
24310 Franklin served his nation as a statesman, scientist, and
24311 Jane Goodall uncovered many similarities between human beings and chimpanzees during years of
observation.
24312 Fertile farmland covers about 65 per cent of Hungary and is one of the country's most important natural
resources.
24313 Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in history.
24314 An irrigation canal carries water through the desert to farms
24315 Italy's majestic countryside includes such winter resorts as Cortina d'Ampezzo in the Alps.
24316 Dave Brubeck, a classically trained pianist, led one of the
24317 Helen Keller "listened" to others speak by putting her middle
24318 W. L. Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada, 1921-1926; 1926-1930; 1935-1948.
24319 Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada, 1896-1911.
24320 Workers tap rubber trees and collect latex on plantations.
24321 Sheep graze on a desert oasis near the large sand dunes of the
24322 The "Lone Eagle," as Lindbergh was called, made the first
24323 Longfellow in 1869 posed for this photograph with members
24324 Alexander Mackenzie served as the Prime Minister of Canada from 1873 to 1878.
24325 Arthur Meigher served two terms as prime minister of Canada during the 1920's, from July 1920 until
December 1921 and from June to September 1926.
24326 On the Mongolian plains, wandering nomads live in collapsible tents called ger or yurt.
24327 Mount St. Helens caused many deaths and enormous damage in
24328 Annie Oakley became famous as one of the world's most accurate
24329 The Great Pyramid, built about 4,500 years ago, can be found at Giza, near Cairo.
24330 The Beatles, shown here at a 1965 press conference, earned a
24331 32nd President of the United States 1933-1945
24332 Victorian-style houses west of San Francisco city centre contrast sharply with the modern skyscrapers in
the business district.
24333 Old and new ways of life exist side by side in Saudi Arabia.
24334 The first successful liquid-propellant rocket was launched in
24335 Sudan, Africa's largest country in area, is a land of widely differing geography.
24336 Workers pick cotton in the Gezira area of central Sudan,
24337
Sir John Sparrow David Thompson (1844-1894) served as prime minister of Canada from 1892-1894.
24338 Jim Thorpe became one of the first men to be admitted to the National Football Foundation's Hall of
Fame in 1951.
24339 33rd President of the United States 1945-1953
24340 Sir Charles Tupper at the age of 75 was the oldest person to serve as Prime Minister of Canada.
24341 Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates and of the emirate of Abu Dhabi.
24342 Grand Coulee Dam, the largest concrete dam in the United States, lies on the Columbia River in
northeastern Washington.
24343 The United States Capitol, in Washington, D.C., is the place
24344 The White House has served as the home and office of every
24345 The Congo River is Congo's main waterway and the fifth longest river in the world.
24346 Flowers of the Arctic tundra
24347 Flowers of Alpine tundras
24348 Flowers of the tropics and subtropics
24349 Fields of rice--like the one in Indonesia--cover a large part
24350 Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbour, was the site of the first battle of the Civil War.
24351 Leonardo's self-portrait was drawn when he was about 60 years old.
24352 Mont Blanc, in the French Alps, is the highest peak in France,
24353 Devil's Island, a small island off the French Guianan coast,
24354 Galileo's telescopes were larger and more powerful than the
24355 Galileo was a famous astronomer and physicist.
24356 Unification of East Germany and West Germany took place on
24357 Alexander the Great conquered most of the territory from
24358 Religious customs are strictly observed by many of Iran's Muslims.
24359 Petroleum accounts for most of the total value of Iran's
24360 Craftsmen work on brass pots in Baghdad.
24361 Grapes for wine, such as these being harvested in the region
24362 The people of Kiribati grow most of their own food.
24363 A small Lesotho village lies in a mountain valley east of
24364 Oil refineries in Mexico process large amounts of petroleum.
24365 John Milton wrote his first well-known poems while a student at Cambridge University.
24366 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, won the 1904
24367 Sinclair Lewis became the first American to win the literature
24368 Albert Schweitzer won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.
24369 Norway is known for the scenic beauty of its rugged mountains
24370 A Paraguayan lacemaker carefully creates a complicated
24371 Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina, performed with a lightness
24372 Robert E. Peary won fame as a great Arctic explorer.
24373 Desiderius Erasmus, a Dutch priest and scholar, became a
24374 The Baths of Caracalla were public baths dating from the
24375 Peter the Great ruled Russia from 1682 until his death in 1725.
24376 Catherine the Great became empress of Russia in 1762.
24377 Thomas Newcomen's steam engine drove a pump that removed
24378 Ukrainian Easter eggs, known as pysanky, feature colourful, intricate designs.
24379 Farmworkers in Uzbekistan pick cotton in a large field.
24380 Rudolph Valentino was a star of the silent films who gained enormous fame for his roles as a handsome,
passionate lover.
24381 Vatican City covers an area of only 44 hectares in northwestern Rome.
24382 Tobacco is Virginia's most valuable crop.
24383 Judy Garland gained fame as Dorothy in the movie The Wizard
24384 Harry Houdini, one of America's greatest magicians, became
24385 Mount Hood, Oregon's highest peak, rises 3,426 metres above sea level.
24386 David ruled the kingdom of Israel about 1,000 to 960 B.C.
24387 Greek coffee houses are popular gathering places.
24388 Great spruce and pine forests blanket the hills of scenic
24389 Montenegro's coastline rises sharply to the mountains at Petrovac, a town on the Adriatic Sea.
24390 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's capital and largest city, has modern buildings and large parks.
24391 Many small villages lie along the coast of the North Sea in the
24392 Gripsholm Castle houses the Swedish National Portrait Gallery,
24393 Sir John J. C. Abbott, Prime Minister of Canada, 1891-1892.
24394 The Trans-Siberian Railway winds past a tiny village in a bleak and frozen part of North Asia.
24395 The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, extends about 2,010 kilometres along Australia's
northeast coast.
24396 Sir Mackenzie Bowell, Prime Minister of Canada, 1894-1896.
24397 Breton's The Song of the Lark is a famous example
24398 The Interior Plains is the major grain-producing region of
24399 Mary Cassatt became famous for her paintings of mothers and children in everyday situations.
24400 Bicycles are a common means of transportation in China's cities.
24401 Troops from eight nations crushed the Boxer Rebellion of 1900--an anti-Western campaign waged by
Chinese secret societies.
24402 Communicating with colour.
24403 Plans for confederation began to take shape at a meeting of Canadian leaders in Charlottetown, P.E.I.,
in September 1864.
24404 This Dresden china bowl was designed about 1737 by Johann Kandler
24405 An enamelled casket made in Limoges, France, is decorated with
24406 The Northwest Mountains region covers much of northwestern Europe.
24407 The Central Uplands region extends from Portugal to
24408 The Great European Plain stretches from the Atlantic Ocean
24409 W. C. Fields was a popular stage and motion-picture comedian.
24410 Terry Fox, a bone cancer victim, raised about $25 million for cancer research during a run across
Canada in 1980.
24411 A portable cabinet called a vargueno was a contribution
24412 French provincial furniture was a comfortable style favoured by middle-class people in the French
provinces.
24413
The Gish sisters, Lillian, left, and Dorothy, right, starred in the silent film Orphans of the Storm (1922).
24414 Conquest by Roman armies made Greece a province of the Roman
24415 The National Palace in Port-au-Prince is the official home of the president of Haiti.
24416 Impressionist painting emphasizes colourful, shimmering
24417 Much sculpture of India deals with religious subjects.
24418 Ruins of the Indus Valley civilization have been uncovered at Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan.
24419 A Chinese lacquerware plate is decorated with a carved dragon
24420 An outdoor market, where people buy food and other goods,
24421 Napoleon I posed in his study for Jacques Louis David in 1812, above.
24422 New York City is best known for the giant skyscrapers on Manhattan Island.
24423 Nicholas II, the last czar of Russia, and his family posed for
24424 The Niger flows southward through west-central Nigeria.
24425 Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat
24426 American Gothic by Grant Wood 1930.
24427 The Steerage is one of Alfred Stieglitz' best-known photographs.
24428 Plaza--State of Puebla, a photograph taken by Paul Strand in 1933, portrays the beauty of a simple
scene in Mexico.
24429 Toronto's landmarks include the SkyDome and the CN Tower.
24430 Toulouse-Lautrec's works portray night life in the cafes and music halls of the Paris district called
Montmartre.
24431 John N. Turner, Prime Minister of Canada, 1984.
24432
Camels Hump, near Huntington, rises in the Green Mountains, which run the length of central Vermont.
24433 Davy Crockett was a famous hunter, scout, soldier,
24434
Joseph Stalin ruled the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) as dictator from 1929 until 1953.
24435 A pioneer of television, the Russian-born American scientist
24436 Dockworkers load agricultural products on to barges and small
24437 The Elements by J. E. H. MacDonald shows a storm forming over Georgian Bay in Ontario.
24438 Architecture in the United States developed the skyscraper as one of the most characteristic types of
modern building.
24439 Bright blue clouds that surround Neptune consist mainly of frozen methane.
24440 A five-storey cliff-dwelling in central Arizona.
24441 A photograph of the earth, taken from a satellite 35,900 kilometres out in space, shows clouds in the top
left hand corner
24442 The planet Mercury was first photographed in detail on March 29, 1974, by the U.S. probe Mariner 10.
The probe was about 210,000 kilometres from Mercury.
24443 The Milky Way Galaxy is shaped like a disc with a bulge in the
24444 The moon was photographed by the Apollo 11
24445 The far side of the moon has a rugged surface.
24446 Saturn is encircled by seven major rings.
24447 The first U.S. astronaut to walk in space was Edward H. White II
24448 Thick clouds of sulphuric acid cover Venus.
24449 Common types of fishing nets
24450 The churning water at the base of the falls eats away the
24451 Development of Warships
24452 Prime Minister of Canada 1984-1993
24453 In a tournament, knights on horses galloped toward each other
24454 Islam is one of the leading religions in Africa.
24455 The civilization of Kush existed from about 2000 B.C. to about A.D. 350 along the Nile River in what is
now Sudan.
24456 Argentina's gauchos are typically mestizos (people of mixed Indian and white ancestry).
24457 Rural villages lie throughout the countryside of Bangladesh.
24458 Farmland covers more than half of Bulgaria.
24459 Logging is an important industry in many regions of Canada.
24460 Snow-capped Himalayan peaks in Nepal provide a dramatic view for these porters.
24461 Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist with water from the
24462 Laotian women often wear colourful homespun skirts.
24463 Hausa women in Niger work in the grain fields near their village.
24464 The Ohio River forms Ohio's southern border.
24465 The skeleton of "Lucy," a prehuman ancestor, is the most complete australopithecine fossil that
scientists have found.
24466 Ruth Saint Denis was fascinated by Eastern and Oriental dances.
24467 Main kinds of human joints
24468 Prime Minister of Canada 1993-
24469 Sheep shearing is an important activity in many Highland communities.
24470 Weapons of World War II
24471 The picture tube screen, a part of which is shown here, has more than 300,000 coloured phosphor dots
arranged in groups of three on its surface.
24472
These drawings show some of the equipment that farmers use to till (work) the soil and to plant crops.
24473
These illustrations show the kinds of deciduous and permanent teeth and their positions in the mouth.
24474 At the start of the American Civil War, the militia units that largely made up the Union and Confederate
armies wore a variety of uniforms.
24475 Aksum, shown in yellow, occupied lands that are now Eritrea,
24476 Location of Bavaria
24477 The Ruhr is a region in western Germany.
24478 An electric bell rings when a current flows through its
24479 Preset guidance system gives a ballistic missile the proper
24480 Command guidance system enables human operators to control
24481 Beam-riding guidance system involves an electronic beam, such
24482 Homing guidance system detects a "trail" of heat or some
24483 Kite designs range from simple, roughly triangular flat kites
24484 Puerto Rico's flag was designed about 1895 and was officially adopted in 1952.
24485 Calibre (bullet diameter) is given in millimeters (mm).
24486 Separate loading ammunition consists of separate sections for the projectile, the primer, and a propelling
charge, upper figure.
24487 A hollow-charge warhead is hollow in front with an
24488 The eastern bluebird has deep blue feathers.
24489 Carrier pigeon
24490 The shapes of cells vary greatly.
24491 When the ignition switch is turned on, low-voltage currents
24492 The hooded pitohui is the most poisonous pitohui.
24493 Casual and dress shoes are made for most everyday occasions.
24494 Sport shoes are designed to enhance athletic performance.
24495 Afghanistan's flag has green, white, and black stripes, and the nation's coat of arms in gold.
24496 A two-headed black eagle appears on a red field.
24497 Algeria's flag and coat of arms display a star and crescent, symbols of Islam, partly against a
background of green, a traditional Islamic colour.
24498 The national flag, used by the people, has blue, yellow, and red vertical stripes.
24499 The top half is red, and the bottom half is black.
24500 The flag of Antigua and Barbuda is divided into three triangular areas.
24501 The state flag of Argentina, adopted in 1818, and the coat of arms bears a sun, which represents
Argentina's freedom from Spain.
24502 Armenia's flag has three horizontal stripes.
24503 Australia's flag has a British Union flag, five stars that represent the constellation Southern Cross, and a
large star for the country's states and territories.
24504 Austria's flag has stripes of red, white, and red.
24505 Azerbaijan's flag has three horizontal stripes: light blue, red, and green.
24506 A black triangle represents the Bahamian people.
24507
A red field covers about three-quarters of the flag and adjoins the jagged edge of a vertical white stripe.
24508 The Bangladesh flag was officially adopted in 1972.
24509 The two outer stripes are blue (for the sea and sky) and the centre stripe is orange (for the sand of the
beaches).
24510 The flag has a wide red horizontal stripe above a narrower green stripe.
24511 Belgium's flag was first used during the revolt against Austrian rule in 1789.
24512 A wide horizontal blue stripe is bordered by narrow horizontal red stripes at the top and bottom.
24513 A green vertical stripe is on the left side of the flag.
24514 The square flag is divided diagonally into yellow and orange halves.
24515 Bolivia's state flag, used only by the government, was adopted in 1888.
24516 A white flag with a blue shield in the centre.
24517 Three horizontal bands (blue, black, and blue) are divided by two white bands.
24518 The Brazilian flag bears the motto Order and Progress.
24519 Brunei's flag is yellow, with a black stripe and a white stripe running from the top left corner to the bottom
right corner.
24520 The flag of Bulgaria bears the national colours--white, green and red.
24521 The Burkina Faso flag has two equal horizontal stripes of red and green.
24522 The official flag of Burma's government was adopted in 1974.
24523 From a white circle in the centre, white bands extend to the
24524 Cambodia's flag has horizontal stripes of blue, red, and blue.
24525
The flag has green, red, and yellow vertical stripes, with a yellow star in the centre of the red stripe.
24526 The flag of Canada features a red, 11-pointed maple leaf, a national symbol of the country.
24527 The flag has five horizontal stripes of blue, white, red, white, and blue.
24528 Horizontal blue, white, green, and yellow stripes are divided at the centre by a red vertical stripe.
24529 The flag has vertical blue, yellow, and red stripes.
24530 The white star stands for progress and honour.
24531 China's flag was adopted in 1949.
24532 Colombia's flag, adopted in 1861, has a yellow stripe for the golden New World, a red stripe for the blood
shed for independence, and a blue stripe for the Atlantic Ocean.
24533 A green field covers the flag.
24534 Congo's flag has a large green triangle is in the upper left corner, and a large red triangle in the lower
right corner.
24535 Costa Rica's state flag, used by the government, was adopted in 1848.
24536 Croatia's flag has horizontal stripes of red, white, and blue.
24537 Cuba's flag was officially adopted in 1902, shortly after Cuba became a republic.
24538 The flag is white with a map of Cyprus in copper-yellow (for copper) in the centre above two green
crossed olive branches (for peace).
24539 The flag of the Czech Republic was adopted in 1993.
24540 The Danish flag was probably first used in the 1200's, after King Valdemar II led a military crusade to
Estonia.
24541 The flag has a blue horizontal stripe at the top, a green horizontal stripe at the bottom, and a red star on
a white triangle near the staff.
24542 Dominica's flag is green, with a cross of yellow, black, and white stripes dividing it into quarters.
24543 A white cross divides the national flag, flown by the people, into alternately red and blue quarters.
24544 The state flag, used by the government, bears the coat of arms.
24545
Egypt's flag has three horizontal stripes, red, white, and black; the central stripe bears the coat of arms.
24546 El Salvador's flag was adopted in 1912.
24547 The flag has green, white, and red horizontal stripes, and a blue triangle at the staff.
24548 Eritrea's flag has a red triangle across the middle, bearing a yellow wreath and olive branch; a green
triangle at the top; and a light blue triangle at the bottom.
24549 Estonia's flag has three horizontal stripes.
24550 The national flag, flown by the people, consists of three horizontal stripes--green, yellow, and red (top to
bottom).
24551 The British Union Jack appears in the upper left on a light blue field.
24552 Finland's state flag, used by the government, was adopted in 1918.
24553 The French flag is called the tricolour.
24554 Gabon's flag has three horizontal stripes, green, yellow, and blue.
24555 The flag has three horizontal bands (red, blue, and green) divided by two narrow white bands.
24556 Georgia's flag has a red field.
24557 The German flag has stripes of black, red, and gold; these colours
24558 The flag has horizontal red, yellow, and green stripes with a black star symbolizing African freedom in
the centre.
24559 The Greek flag has a white cross symbolizing the Greek Orthodox religion.
24560 Grenada's flag has a red border around a central section that is divided into four triangles alternating
green and yellow.
24561 The flag of Guatemala was adopted in 1871.
24562 The flag has three vertical stripes: red (for the spirit of sacrifice), gold (for sun and wealth), and green
(for the forests).
24563 A black star is centred on a red vertical stripe to the left of two horizontal stripes.
24564 The flag is green (representing agriculture and forests) with a red triangle (zeal in nation building) and a
golden yellow arrowhead (minerals).
24565 The dark blue top half of the national flag, flown by the people, stands for the blacks of Haiti; the red
bottom half represents its mulattoes.
24566 The flag of Honduras was adopted in 1866.
24567 Hungary's flag has horizontal stripes of red, white, and green, the traditional national colours.
24568 A red cross edged in white appears on a blue field.
24569 India's flag was adopted in 1947.
24570 The flag of Indonesia became official on Independence Day, August 17, 1945.
24571 Iran's flag and coat of arms were adopted by the Islamic government in 1980.
24572 Iraq's flag was adopted in 1991.
24573 Ireland's flag dates from the 1800's.
24574 Israel's flag shows the Star of David, an ancient Jewish symbol.
24575 The Italian flag was adopted in 1870.
24576 Vertical stripes of orange, white, and green.
24577
A gold diagonal cross with black triangular side panels, and green triangular panels at top and bottom.
24578 Japan's flag, adopted in 1854, is a red sun on a white background.
24579 Jordan's flag was adopted in 1928.
24580 The flag is blue, with a yellow sun and eagle in the centre and a yellow stripe of national ornamentation
at the left.
24581 Kenya's flag and coat of arms were adopted in 1963.
24582 Flag of Kiribati
24583 North Korea's flag has a red star that represents Communism.
24584 South Korea's flag and coat of arms feature a red and blue circle.
24585 Horizontal green, white, and red stripes join a black, vertical stripe at the flagstaff.
24586 The flag has a red field with a yellow sun in its centre.
24587
The flag has a red horizontal stripe at the top and the bottom, and a blue horizontal stripe in the centre.
24588 The Latvian flag dates back to the 1200's, when it served as a banner in battle for one of the original
Latvian tribes.
24589 The flag has three horizontal stripes--red, white, and red.
24590 The flag has diagonal stripes of white, blue, and green.
24591 The flag has six red and five white horizontal stripes that represent the 11 signatories of the Liberian
Declaration of Independence.
24592 The flag of Libya is entirely green.
24593
Two horizontal stripes, the upper one blue (for the sky), the lower one red (for the glow of evening fires).
24594 Lithuania's flag has three horizontal stripes.
24595 The flag has horizontal red, white, and blue stripes (top to bottom).
24596 The flag is red and has a yellow disk with 8 yellow rays in the centre.
24597 A white vertical stripe appears at the left, with a red horizontal stripe over a green one at the right.
24598 The flag has black, red, and green horizontal stripes, with a red rising sun on the black stripe.
24599 A yellow crescent and star lie on a blue background in the upper left corner.
24600 The flag has a white crescent on a dark green rectangle with a red border. The colours and the crescent
on the flag stand for Islam.
24601 The flag has vertical stripes of green, gold, and red.
24602 A replica of the George Cross, a British medal awarded to Malta for bravery in World War II, appears on
a white and red field.
24603 The flag of the Marshall Islands is black.
24604 The flag is green and has a yellow star and crescent in the centre.
24605 The flag's four horizontal stripes are red, blue, yellow, and green (top to bottom).
24606 Mexico's flag, adopted in 1821, features a version of the country's coat of arms.
24607 Flag of Federated States of Micronesia
24608 Moldova's flag has three vertical stripes of blue, yellow and red with the Moldova coat of arms on the
centre stripe.
24609 The flag has two horizontal stripes, red and white.
24610 Vertical stripes of red, blue, and red, with gold symbols on the left stripe.
24611 Morocco's national flag was officially adopted in 1915.
24612 The flag has three broad, horizontal stripes of green, black, and yellow separated by narrow white
bands.
24613
A large blue triangle is in the upper left corner, and a large green triangle is in the lower right corner.
24614 The flag of Nauru has a blue field bisected by a single yellow stripe.
24615 The flag has two crimson triangles trimmed in blue, one above the other.
24616 The Dutch flag dates from about 1630.
24617 New Zealand's flag, officially adopted in 1902, features the British Union Flag and the constellation
Southern Cross.
24618 Nicaragua's flag was adopted in 1908 from that of the United Provinces of Central America.
24619 Horizontal stripes of orange, white, and green; an orange circle on the white stripe.
24620 Nigeria's flag was adopted in 1960.
24621 The Norwegian flag was first approved for use by merchant ships in 1821.
24622 The flag has a vertical red stripe and three horizontal stripes of white,red, and green.
24623 Pakistan's flag has a star and crescent, traditional symbols of Islam.
24624 Panama's flag was adopted in 1903.
24625 The flag is divided diagonally from upper left to lower right.
24626 Paraguay's flag has the coat of arms on the front and the Treasury seal on the back.
24627 Peru's state flag, used by the government, was adopted in 1825.
24628 The Philippine flag features blue for noble ideals, red for courage, and white for peace.
24629 The state flag of Poland, flown by the government, includes the Polish coat of arms.
24630 Portugal's flag has a band of green, which stands for hope; and of red, which symbolizes the blood of the
country's heroes.
24631 The left third is white with a vertical series of points on the right side.
24632 Romania's flag has stripes of blue, yellow, and red.
24633 The Russian flag has stripes of white, blue, and red.
24634 The flag has three vertical stripes of red, yellow, and green, with a large black R in the centre.
24635 The flag of St. Kitts and Nevis has a black diagonal stripe with yellow borders separating a green triangle
at the top left from a red triangle at the bottom right.
24636 The flag of St. Lucia has a dark-blue background with a black chevron inside a white and yellow triangle
in the middle.
24637 The flag is divided into three sections, blue, yellow, and green.
24638 The flag has a blue and a white horizontal stripe.
24639
The flag has green horizontal stripes (for forests and the sea) at the top and bottom; a yellow horizontal
stripe (for soil) in the centre; and a red triangle (for the struggle for freedom) near the staff.
24640 The flag of Saudi Arabia was adopted in 1973.
24641 The flag has green, yellow, and red vertical stripes.
24642 Flag of Seychelles
24643 Three horizontal stripes--green, white, and blue.
24644 There are two horizontal stripes, red on top (for equality and brotherhood) and white below (for purity
and virtue).
24645 The flag has horizontal stripes of white, blue, and red.
24646 The flag has horizontal stripes of white, blue, and red.
24647 The flag is divided diagonally into two triangles of blue and green, with a yellow stripe running between
them.
24648 The light blue flag has a large white star in the centre.
24649 South Africa's flag, adopted in 1994, represents the country's peoples coming together in unity.
24650 Spain's state flag, shown, used by the government,was adopted in 1981.
24651 A yellow lion on a crimson field is a symbol of precolonial Sri Lanka.
24652 Three horizontal stripes of red, white, and black, with a green triangle symbolizing Islam.
24653 The flag has five horizontal stripes of green, white, red, white, and green.
24654 Five horizontal stripes.
24655 The Swedish flag, first used in the mid-1400's, was made official in 1663.
24656 The Swiss flag was used in an earlier form in 1240 by the region of Schwyz.
24657 Syria's flag, which was adopted in 1980, bears traditional Arab colours.
24658 The flag has a red field.
24659 The flag has horizontal stripes of reddish orange, white, and green.
24660 Tanzania's flag was adopted in 1964.
24661 Thailand's flag was adopted in 1917.
24662 The flag has five horizontal stripes, three green and two yellow, with a white star on a red square in the
upper left corner.
24663 The flag has a red field and a white canton.
24664 A black stripe, bordered by white stripes, runs across a red field from the upper left to the lower right
corner.
24665 The flag has a large white circle on a red field.
24666 Turkey's flag was adopted in 1936.
24667 The flag has three unequal vertical stripes of green, maroon, and green.
24668 Flag of Tuvalu
24669 A white-crested crane is centred on horizontal stripes of black (for Africa), yellow (sunshine), and red
(brotherhood).
24670 The Ukrainian flag was adopted in 1992.
24671 The flag has a vertical red stripe and horizontal stripes of green, white, and black.
24672 United Kingdom's flag is known as the British Union Flag or the Union Jack.
24673 The U.S. flag includes 13 red and white stripes.
24674 The flag and the coat of arms of Uruguay were adopted in 1830.
24675 The flag of Uzbekistan has three broad horizontal bands--light blue, white, and light green (top to
bottom)--separated by thin red lines.
24676 Vanuatu's flag is divided into three sections, of black, maroon and green, with yellow and black stripes
running between them.
24677 The official state flag of the Vatican is divided into two equal vertical stripes of white and yellow.
24678 Venezuela's state flag shown, used by the government, was adopted in 1954.
24679 Vietnam's flag and coat of arms feature a star that stands for Communism.
24680 The flag has a red field with a blue canton in the upper left-hand corner.
24681 Red, white, and black horizontal stripes.
24682 The flag was adopted in 1992 and a coat of arms adopted in 1993.
24683 The flag of Congo (Kinshasa) was adopted in 1997.
24684
The flag has an orange eagle in the upper right corner over three vertical stripes of red (for freedom),
black (for the people), and orange (for mineral wealth) on a field of green (for natural resources).
24685 The flag has seven horizontal stripes of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green.
24686 Johann Sebastian Bach's composition for the organ,
24687 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart excelled in almost every kind of
24688 Joseph Haydn wrote chamber music, operas, and church music,
24689 Frederic Chopin, a master of piano composition, wrote more
24690 Johannes Brahms is famous for his four symphonies, piano music,
24691 Hector Berlioz was known for his inventive orchestral
24692 Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky was the first Russian composer whose
24693 Franz Schubert wrote many types of music, including symphonies, chamber music, solo piano works,
and songs.
24694 Giuseppe Verdi composed some of the most popular operas of all time.
24695 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24696 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24697 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24698 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24699 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24700 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24701 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24702 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24703 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24704 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24705 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation
24706 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24707 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24708 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24709 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24710 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24711 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24712 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24713 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24714 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24715 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24716 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24717 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24718 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24719 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24720 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24721 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24722 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24723 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24724 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24725 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24726 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24727 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24728 The baroque period lasted from about 1600 to 1750.
24729 Music of the classical period emphasized balance, clarity, and formal beauty.
24730 The romantic era lasted from about 1820 to 1900.
24731 The romantic era lasted from about 1820 to 1900.
24732 A mercury barometer, left, works on the same principle
24733
An aneroid barometer has a vacuum chamber that expands or contracts with changes in air pressure.
24734 A dry cell consists of a zinc container filled with substances
24735 A 9-volt battery has six individual dry cells.
24736 In a fire-tube boiler, hot gases flow through tubes that are
24737 In a water-tube boiler, hot gases flow over tubes filled
24738 Underside of a Female American Lobster
24739 The harbour porpoise, also called the common porpoise, has a dark grey to black back and a pale grey
or white belly.
24740 Flag of Palau
24741 The ratio that appears below each flag represents the relation between the hoist (vertical width) and the
fly (horizontal length).
24742 A transaxle delivers engine power to shafts that turn the wheels of a car.
24743 Engine and Drive Train
24744 Parts of an In-Line Skate
24745 A radioactive decay series is the process by which a
24746 The humoral immune response begins with the detection of an
24747 The cell-mediated immune response involves T lymphocytes,
24748 A meshed-tooth zip has two rows of teeth that are joined or
24749 An atom becomes an ion when it gains or loses an electron and so acquires an electric charge.
24750
Metals, such as copper wire, are good conductors because they have a large number of free electrons.
24751 An electric circuit is a path that electric current can
24752 Videotape recorders record video signals in helical (diagonal) tracks on the tape.
24753 Nuclear fusion releases large amounts of radiation.
24754 Nuclear fission releases several types of radiation, including
24755 The accordion is played by stretching and compressing the
24756 An alligator's body is suited for life on land and in water.
24757 A group of impalas bounds across a grassland in Kenya.
24758 The nine-banded armadillo has a protective shell of nine narrow bands of bony plates that slide upon
one another.
24759 An Audubon painting of pileated woodpeckers shows the realistic, colourful style of the artist and
naturalist.
24760 Female baboons take loving care of their young.
24761 The bagpipe is an instrument that consists of a leather bag fitted with five wooden pipes.
24762 The balalaika is plucked with the fingers or a pick called a plectrum.
24763 Bananas grow in many warm regions.
24764
The banjo is a stringed musical instrument played with the fingers or with a pick called a plectrum.
24765 The bass is the largest stringed instrument played with a bow.
24766 The sight of a flying bat frightens many people unnecessarily.
24767 After cutting down a tree, a beaver moves it to a nearby pond.
24768 Orchestra Chimes
24769 The boa constrictor can swallow animals bigger than its head because the bones of its jaws can spread
far apart.
24770 Musicians usually play bongo drums in Latin-American music.
24771 The American buffalo cares for its young until the calf is about 3 years old.
24772 The bugle is a wind instrument made of brass or copper.
24773 The organ-pipe cactus has stems that resemble the pipes of an organ.
24774 The cardinal is a popular songbird of North America.
24775 The cello, or violoncello, became popular as a solo instrument
24776 The cheetah hunts by prowling quietly through grass until it nears its prey.
24777 The chipmunk uses pouches in its cheeks to carry nuts and seeds to its burrow.
24778 The clarinet is a popular woodwind instrument.
24779 The conga drum is popular in Latin-American music.
24780 The coyote lives in most areas of the United States, Canada,
24781 A crocodile's body is long, low and cigar-shaped.
24782 Labrador Retriever
24783 Pointer
24784 English Springer Spaniel
24785 Weimaraner
24786 Greyhound
24787 Afghan Hound
24788 Basset Hound
24789 Skye Terrier
24790 Pomeranian
24791 Bulldog
24792 Poodle
24793 Old English Sheepdog
24794 A drum set consists of a number of drums of different sizes and types, along with cymbals.
24795 Timpani are among the largest drums and are generally played in symphony orchestras.
24796 Flamingos live in marshy areas in many parts of the world.
24797 The flute is a woodwind instrument popular in bands and orchestras.
24798 The grey fox is the only member of the dog family that frequently climbs trees.
24799 The French horn is a metal tube coiled into a circular shape.
24800 Thomson's gazelle is an animal with a light fawn-coloured back and white underside separated by a dark
band along its flanks.
24801 The gibbon is the smallest member of the ape family.
24802 The Gila monster is a poisonous lizard found in deserts of the Southwest.
24803 Giraffes live in small groups on African grasslands.
24804 Two bony "horns" grow from a giraffe's skull.
24805 The glockenspiel produces a clear, bell-like sound.
24806 The gorilla is the largest kind of ape.
24807 Grapes are grown in many parts of the world.
24808 A massive grizzly bear rises up on its hind legs.
24809 An acoustic guitar produces sounds when a musician plucks or strums its six strings.
24810 An electric guitar produces sounds by electronic amplification.
24811 A golden hamster is light reddish-brown with white underparts.
24812 The harmonica is a small wind instrument with reeds that produce tones when the player exhales or
inhales into the holes.
24813 The harp is a large stringed instrument.
24814 A harpsichord is a musical instrument that looks somewhat like a small piano.
24815 A river hippopotamus has a stout, barrel-shaped body, short legs and a huge head.
24816 The spotted hyena has massive, powerful jaws and strong teeth that can crack even large bones.
24817 A joey (young kangaroo) spends the first several months of its life inside its mother's pouch.
24818 A female koala carries her joey (young) on her back.
24819 Komodo dragons are Indonesian lizards.
24820 The Australian frilled lizard frightens enemies away by opening its mouth with a hiss and unfolding the
large frill that encircles its head.
24821 The llama has thick hair and a long neck and looks somewhat like a small camel.
24822 The lute is an ancient stringed instrument.
24823 The mandolin has been popular for hundreds of years,
24824 Moose live in northern regions that have dense forests and many lakes and swamps.
24825 The oboe is a high-pitched woodwind instrument.
24826 Pipe organs may have several thousand pipes.
24827 The ostrich is the world's largest bird.
24828 The North American otter lives in burrows along the banks of rivers and feeds primarily on fish and
crayfish.
24829 Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus).
24830 Snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca).
24831 A red panda weighs only from 2.7 to 5.4 kilograms.
24832 A male peacock can spread the feathers on its back into a beautiful fan.
24833 Adult penguins provide food and warmth for their young.
24834 The piccolo is the smallest of the woodwind instruments.
24835 Pigeons are common in most large cities.
24836 The platypus has a broad, flat tail and webbed feet that help in swimming.
24837 The hardy polar bear lives along the frozen shores and in the icy waters of the Arctic Ocean.
24838 The Indian python grows to about 6 metres in length.
24839 A young cottontail sits motionless to escape hunters, but hops away
24840 An angora rabbit is bred for its fur.
24841 A raccoon has a "mask" of black hair around its eyes.
24842 Rats are small, furry mammals that have plagued human beings for centuries.
24843 A recorder has a whistle mouthpiece and holes that the musician covers and uncovers to play different
notes.
24844 The reindeer lives in Arctic regions of Europe, Asia, and North America.
24845 The white rhinoceros is the largest kind of rhinoceros.
24846 The saxophone is a woodwind instrument made of brass.
24847 A sea otter swims mostly on its back, paddling with its flipper-shaped hind feet.
24848 The world's largest tree, according to volume of wood, is the General Sherman Tree, shown, in Sequoia
National Park in California.
24849 Sheep provide clothing and food for people.
24850 The sitar is used primarily to play classical music of northern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
24851
The striped skunk sprays an enemy only after giving a warning by growling and stamping its front feet.
24852 The snow leopard has pale hair with brown spots.
24853 The Tasmanian devil is a fierce animal of the Australian island of Tasmania.
24854 The tiger's colouration helps conceal the animal in its natural surroundings.
24855 The striped toad of South America, like most species of toads, has dry, warty skin.
24856 A triangle is a steel percussion instrument shaped like a
24857 The trombone is an important brass instrument in both popular and classical music.
24858 The trumpet is a popular brass instrument with a brilliant tone.
24859 The upright tuba is used in the brass section of symphony orchestras.
24860 The ukulele looks somewhat like a small guitar.
24861 The razor sharp teeth of the common vampire bat are perfect for feeding on the blood of warm-blooded
animals.
24862 The walrus has long tusks that it uses mainly for defence.
24863 The timber wolf lives in forests of northern Asia, Europe, and North America.
24864 The xylophone is a percussion instrument.
24865 Zebras live in eastern and southern Africa.
24866 George Frideric Handel is best known for his dramatic vocal compositions called oratorios.
24867 Cymbals
24868 English Horn
24869 Flugelhorn
24870 Gong
24871 Vibraphone
24872 The chairs shown here rank among the furniture masterpieces of the
24873 The chairs shown here rank among the furniture masterpieces of the
24874 The bamboo is a type of giant grass that grows in groves.
24875 Christopher Columbus has been depicted by many artists over the years.
24876 Some breeds of dogs have unusual characteristics.
24877 The artist draws a picture by cutting through an
24878 The pine-tree shilling was a silver coin used in the English Colonies in America.
24879 Reproduction in ferns involves two forms of the plant.
24880 The highest American military decoration is the Medal of Honor,
24881 European decorations and orders
24882 Orders of Canada and Mexico
24883 Rembrandt's self-portraits form a vivid record of his life.
24884 The artist cuts a design into a metal plate with a sharp
24885 A British one-pound coin has a picture of Queen Elizabeth II on the front and a symbol of a part of Great
Britain on the back.
24886 Two propaganda versions of Adolf Hitler show the German dictator from opposite viewpoints.
24887 Marsupials are born at an extremely immature stage of development.
24888 More than 20,000 species of orchids grow in most parts of the world.
24889 Blowing glass without the use of moulds involves several steps.
24890 Igneous rock forms from hardened magma.
24891 Hardening of various plant, animal, and mineral materials results in sedimentary rock.
24892 Metamorphic rock forms when any kind of rock undergoes changes as a
24893 The Arctic landscape changes dramatically with the seasons.
24894 The coconut, fruit of the coconut palm, is one of the largest of all
24895 Modern surgery is a team effort.
24896 Stonehenge was probably used as a tribal gathering place and a religious centre by ancient inhabitants
of England.
24897 Heart (front) MultiViews
24898 Aorta (front)
24899 Coronary arteries (front)
24900 Coronary veins (front)
24901 Inferior vena cava (front)
24902 Pulmonary artery (front)
24903 Right atrium (front)
24904 Superior vena cava (front)
24905 Ventricles (front)
24906 Heart (back) MultiViews
24907 Aorta (back)
24908 Coronary arteries (back)
24909 Coronary arteries (back)
24910 Inferior vena cava (back)
24911 Left atrium (back)
24912 Pulmonary artery (back)
24913 Right atrium (back)
24914 Superior vena cava (back)
24915 Ventricles (back)
24916 Heart (cutaway) MultiViews
24917 Aorta (cutaway)
24918 Aortic valve
24919 Mitral valve
24920 Inferior vena cava (cutaway)
24921 Left atrium (cutaway)
24922 Left ventricle
24923 Pulmonary artery (cutaway)
24924 Right atrium (cutaway)
24925 Right ventricle
24926 Superior vena cava (cutaway)
24927 Tricuspid valve
24928 Digestive system MultiViews
24929 Oesophagus
24930 Gallbladder and ducts
24931 Large intestine
24932 Liver
24933 Mouth
24934 Pancreas
24935 Salivary glands
24936 Small intestine
24937 Stomach
24938 Brain (left hemisphere) MultiViews
24939 Brainstem
24940 Cerebellum (left hemisphere)
24941 Frontal lobe
24942 Parietal lobe
24943 Occipital lobe
24944 Temporal lobe
24945 Brain (cutaway) MultiViews
24946 Cerebellum (cutaway)
24947 Cerebral cortex (cutaway)
24948 Corpus callosum
24949 Hypothalamus
24950 Medulla
24951 Midbrain
24952 Pituitary gland
24953 Pons
24954 Thalamus
24955 Immune system MultiViews
24956 Bone marrow
24957 Lymphatic vessels
24958 Lymph nodes
24959 Thymus
24960 Spleen
24961 Cerebral cortex (left hemisphere)
24962 Peruvian and Egyptian mummies show how these ancient peoples
24963 Computerized tomography (CT) aids in detecting brain tumours
24964 Interesting facts about dinosaurs
24965 Kinds of dinosaurs
24966 Kinds of dinosaurs
24967 Kinds of dinosaurs
24968 Kinds of dinosaurs
24969 Working dogs serve people in many ways.
24970 Sporting dogs include breeds of pointers, setters, retrievers, and spaniels.
24971 There are more than 20 different breeds of hounds throughout the world.
24972 There are over 20 recognized breeds of terrier.
24973 Toy dogs consist of 17 small breeds kept as pets.
24974 Nonsporting dogs are breeds kept chiefly as pets.
24975 Historically, these hardy dogs were used to keep grazing cattle and sheep from straying, and to protect
the livestock from wolves.
24976 The Second Anglo-Boer War [1899-1902] began with sieges and commando raids but ended as a war of
attrition.
24977 Anzac forces landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey during
24978 The Arabian Peninsula lies in southwestern Asia.
24979 Aborigines arrived in Australia at least 50,000 years ago.
24980 Field and positions
24981 Each of the games in the billiards family has a distinctive
24982 Burke and Wills led a well-equipped expedition through the dry, barren centre of Australia.
24983 English Civil War, 1642-1651
24984 The Forrest brothers explored much of Western Australia between
24985 The Great Trek into the interior of South Africa started in the
24986 A hockey field is divided into two halves by a solid centre
24987 The Norman kings
24988 The House of Tudor
24989 The House of Saxe-Coburg and Windsor
24990 Squatters in Australia, looking for new grazing lands,
24991 Suez Canal
24992 Roman Britain had a good network of roads connecting the major towns and forts.
24993 Recreational vehicles provide living quarters for people who are
24994 Poisonous snakes
24995 Nonpoisonous snakes
24996 A symbol is a sign that stands for an idea or an object.
24997 Birds of Europe
24998 Birds of Europe
24999 Birds of Europe
25000 Birds of Europe
25001 Birds of Europe
25002 Birds of Europe
25003 Birds of Asia
25004 Birds of Asia
25005 Birds of Asia
25006 Birds of Asia
25007 Birds of Africa
25008 Birds of Africa
25009 Birds of North America
25010 Birds of North America
25011 Birds of North America
25012 Birds of Central and South America
25013 Birds of Central and South America
25014 Birds of Australia and New Zealand
25015 Birds of Australia and New Zealand
25016 Birds of Australia and New Zealand
25017 Birds of Australia and New Zealand
25018 Birds of Australia and New Zealand
25019 Birds of Australia and New Zealand
25020 Birds of Oceanic Islands
25021 Birds of Oceanic Islands
25022 Eucalypts
25023 Falcons
25024 Fish of the southern seas
25025 Fish of the southern seas
25026 Fish of temperate fresh waters
25027 Fish of temperate fresh waters
25028 Needleleaf forest flowers
25029 Broadleaf forest flowers
25030 Broadleaf forest flowers
25031 Flowers of grasslands
25032 Flowers of scrub
25033 Flowers of the desert
25034 Flowers of the desert
25035 Flowers of the desert
25036 Kangaroos vary greatly in size.
25037 Sparrows
25038 Broadleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25039 Broadleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25040 Broadleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25041 Broadleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25042 Broadleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25043 Needleleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25044 Needleleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25045 Needleleaf trees of the Northern Hemisphere
25046 Trees of Australia and New Zealand
25047 Trees of Australia and New Zealand
25048 Trees of Australia and New Zealand
25049 Trees of Australia and New Zealand
25050 Trees of Australia and New Zealand
25051 Vultures
25052 Warblers
25053 Wrens
25054 Wrens
25055 Birds of North America
25056 Flowers of scrub
25057 Falcons
25058 Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India.
25059 Guglielmo Marconi centred his life around wireless telegraphy.
25060 The first letter of the alphabet.
25061 The second letter of the alphabet.
25062 The third letter of the alphabet.
25063 The fourth letter of the alphabet.
25064 The fifth letter of the alphabet.
25065 The sixth letter of the alphabet.
25066 The seventh letter of the alphabet.
25067 The eighth letter of the alphabet.
25068 The ninth letter of the alphabet.
25069 The 10th letter of the alphabet.
25070 The 11th letter of the alphabet.
25071 The 12th letter of the alphabet.
25072 The 13th letter of the alphabet.
25073 The 14th letter of the alphabet.
25074 The 15th letter of the alphabet.
25075 The 16th letter of the alphabet.
25076 The 17th letter of the alphabet.
25077 The 18th letter of the alphabet.
25078 The 19th letter of the alphabet.
25079 The 20th letter of the alphabet.
25080 The 21st letter of the alphabet.
25081 The 22nd letter of the alphabet.
25082 The 23rd letter of the alphabet.
25083 The 24th letter of the alphabet.
25084 The 25th letter of the alphabet.
25085 The 26th letter of the alphabet.
25086 Some of the earth's most marvellous living things, including the ones shown in these photographs, are
endangered species.
25087 Some of the earth's most marvellous living things, including the ones shown in these photographs, are
endangered species.
25088 Some of the earth's most marvellous living things, including the ones shown in these photographs, are
endangered species.
25089 Three types of Australopithecus
25090 Common minerals with metallic lustre
25091 Common minerals with metallic lustre
25092 Common minerals with metallic lustre
25093 Common minerals with metallic lustre
25094 Common minerals with nonmetallic lustre
25095 Common minerals with nonmetallic lustre
25096 Common minerals with nonmetallic lustre
25097 Common minerals with nonmetallic lustre
25098 Body of an oyster
25099 Parts of an oyster shell
25100 Pluto is so far from Earth that even powerful telescopes reveal little detail of its surface.
25101 Launch vehicles that made history
25102 Launch vehicles that made history
25103 Today's launch vehicles
25104 Today's launch vehicles
25105 Today's launch vehicles
25106 Measuring tools
25107 Cutting tools
25108 Drilling tools
25109 Fastening tools
25110 Sanding tools
25111 Aircraft take off from and land on the flight deck of a
25112 The alimentary canal is a tube through which food is taken into the body and digested.
25113 Body of an Ant
25114 The target used in target archery competitions has 10 scoring
25115 Bark consists of inner bark and outer bark.
25116 The bassoon is a woodwind instrument used primarily in orchestras.
25117 Head and Body of a Worker Bee
25118 Birds of Africa
25119 Birds of Central and South America
25120 Birds of the Arctic
25121 Birds of the Arctic
25122 This view of a female domestic pigeon shows the chief
25123 Kinds of Bird Nests
25124 Car Brakes
25125 Mechanical brakes are commonly used on bicycle wheels.
25126 Butterflies of the World
25127 A coaxial cable consists of one or more conductors called coaxials.
25128 Various types of cables play an important role in everyday life.
25129 The cacao tree bears pods on short stems close to the trunk.
25130 Cancer starts to spread when one or more cancer cells break away from the original tumour and enter
the circulatory system through a blood or lymph vessel.
25131 The cannon-ball tree is a South American tree with pink or reddish flowers.
25132 Car racing flags signal the start and finish of a race.
25133 This diagram illustrates the major systems of a car with a left-hand drive, front-mounted petrol engine; an
automatic transmission; and front-wheel drive.
25134 Coats of Cats
25135 Eyes of a Cat
25136 Spongy footpads enable a cat to walk quietly.
25137 How Chewing Gum Is Made
25138 A clearinghouse is an institution used by banks to settle their debts with one another.
25139 Costumes of North and South America
25140 Traditional costumes of many lands are shown in these illustrations. Such styles of clothing developed
over hundreds of years. Many of the costumes shown are no longer worn, or are worn only as part of
celebrations during festivals and holidays.
25141 Body of a Crab
25142 A croquet player scores a point by hitting the ball through a
25143 A crustacean's body has three main parts: head, thorax, and
25144 A dehumidifier removes moisture from the air.
25145 Spruance class destroyers of the United States Navy are used
25146 Parts of the Digestive System
25147 Types of Distillation
25148 Body of a Common Dolphin
25149 The waves in the fluid that fills the ducts of the cochlea,
25150 This diagram shows a highly simplified ecosystem.
25151
This view of a female African elephant shows the animal's skeleton and some of its internal organs.
25152 The visible parts of the eyeball are the white sclera and the coloured iris.
25153 The retina has cells called rods and cones, which
25154 Types of Firearms
25155 This view of a yellow perch shows the chief internal organs found in
25156 This illustration shows five of the many ways of rigging a
25157 Some Fishing Tackle
25158 How Flour Is Milled
25159 Frigates
25160 A fuel cell has two electrical terminals called electrodes.
25161 Some Popular House Plants
25162 The main parts of a hearing aid are shown in this diagram of a behind-the-ear aid.
25163
A jockey's equipment includes a saddle; whip; boots; goggles; a crash helmet; and a jacket and cap.
25164 A hotbed protects plants grown during cold weather.
25165 How Ice Cream Is Made
25166 Almost all professional and many amateur rinks are laid out
25167 Offside plays rank among the most common hockey violations.
25168 An igloo was often made of blocks of snow that spiralled upward to
25169 Steelmakers cast molten steel into blocks called
25170 How Steel Is Shaped and Finished
25171 How Steel Is Shaped and Finished
25172 In an open-hearth furnace, the charge is melted by flames
25173 Inside a Typical Green Leaf
25174 Vein Patterns
25175 Kinds of Lettuce
25176 Although mammals differ greatly in size and shape, they all
25177 Missile Boat
25178 The mouth is adapted for taking in food.
25179 Fission Nuclear Weapons
25180 The oesophagus connects the throat with the stomach.
25181 Crude oil is obtained from oil shale by a process called retorting.
25182 Artists' paint is made by mixing powdered colours called pigments with a substance called a binder; the
binder holds the particles
25183 Trains ride on flanged wheels.
25184 How Rain Forms
25185 Breathing
25186 A bolt action rifle is generally used for hunting or target shooting.
25187 Rope consists of many fibres that have been spun into yarns.
25188 Most ruminants have a stomach with four compartments: the rumen,reticulum, omasum, and
abomasum.
25189 Saddles are designed for specific purposes, such as riding, racing, and
25190 Parts of a Sailing Boat
25191 Types of Sailing Boats
25192 Kinds of Saws
25193 External and Internal Senses
25194 Body of a Shark
25195
Shipping companies fly a private flag, called a house flag, to identify the ships they own or operate.
25196 Phoenician and Greek Ships
25197 Scuba divers carry tanks of compressed air.
25198 Breath-hold divers usually use a face mask and flippers in addition to a snorkel.
25199 This drawing of a male water moccasin shows the skeleton and internal organs.
25200 The human stomach is shaped somewhat like the letter J. The cutaway view shows the mucous
membrane that lines the organ, and the three muscle layers of the stomach wall.
25201 To obtain raw sugar from sugar cane, processors first wash
25202 How Sulphur Is Obtained
25203 Some kinds of swans
25204 Various types of swords have played a role in the warfare of many civilizations.
25205 A table tennis table is divided into halves by a low net.
25206 This diagram of a U.S. Army M1A1 main battle tank shows the position of the crew members, as well as
some parts of the vehicle.
25207 An intercontinental call from the United States to the
25208 A telephone handset includes a transmitter or microphone,
25209 A colour television receiver picks up television signals with its receiving aerial.
25210 Colour television transmission begins with a television camera.
25211 A camera tube produces a video signal for one of the primary colours.
25212 Other Types of Thermometers
25213 The steam engine provided a completely new source of power for transportation during the 1800's.
25214 By the early 1900's, engine-powered vehicles had revolutionized transportation.
25215 Most of today's forms of public transportation had taken shape by the 1930's.
25216 A tunnel-boring machine digs into rock with attachments called disc cutters.
25217 Plant Parts Used as Vegetables
25218 Some kinds of whales
25219 Sea birds and birds of the the Antarctic
25220 The Frasch method of mining sulphur involves pumping hot
25221 Commonwealth of Nations
25222 European Union, in 1995, had 15 members.
25223 The Great Barrier Reef stretches along the eastern coast of Queensland.
25224 The British colonial empire spanned two eras.
25225 The Amazon rainforest covers much of northern South America.
25226 The Gobi is a huge desert that stretches across part of southern Mongolia and northern China.
25227 The Himalaya, the world's highest mountain range, forms a great natural barrier between the Tibetan
plateau of China, and India and Nepal.
25228 The Kuroshio flows north from the Philippine Sea to the coast of Japan.
25229
The earliest fossils and other remains of prehistoric people have been found in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
25230 Many boomerangs are made of wood, such as the Australian ones shown here.
25231 The Arab world has both a political and a linguistic (language-related) definition.
25232
The Aztec empire had its capital at Tenochtitlan, which stood on the site of present-day Mexico City.
25233 Grand Canyon National Park
25234 The land of the Maya included parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, and
all of Belize.
25235 The Panama Canal cuts through the Isthmus of Panama.
25236 Ancient Rome began to expand during the 300's B.C. and by 275 B.C. ruled much of Italy.
25237 The Suez Canal shortens sea voyages between the Atlantic and Indian oceans.
25238 The weather in the Northern Hemisphere is greatly influenced by the movements of air masses.
25239 Yellowstone National Park
25240 The Panama Canal shortens sea voyages between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
25241 Location of the Panama Canal Zone
25242 The Roman Empire grew weaker during the A.D. 300's.
25243 World
25244 Population density in Egypt
25245 Average January temperatures in Egypt
25246 Average July temperatures in Egypt
25247 Average yearly precipitation in Egypt
25248 Economy in Egypt
25249 Population density in Greece
25250 Average January temperatures in Greece
25251 Average July temperatures in Greece
25252 Average yearly precipitation in Greece
25253 Economy in Greece
25254 Population density in Ireland
25255 Average January temperatures in Ireland
25256 Average July temperatures in Ireland
25257 Average yearly precipitation in Ireland
25258 Economy in Ireland
25259 Population density in Malaysia
25260 Average yearly precipitation in Malaysia
25261 Economy in Malaysia
25262 Population density in the Philippines
25263 Average yearly precipitation in the Philippines
25264 Economy in the Philippines
25265 Population density in Spain
25266 Average January temperatures in Spain
25267 Average July temperatures in Spain
25268 Average yearly precipitation in Spain
25269 Economy in Spain
25270 Population density in Sweden
25271 Average January temperatures in Sweden
25272 Average July temperatures in Sweden
25273 Average yearly precipitation in Sweden
25274 Economy in Sweden
25275 Bermuda
25276 India states
25277 Ireland Counties
25278 Malaysia States
25279 Northern Ireland Districts
25280 Scotland Unit. Author.
25281 South Africa Provinces
25282 Wales Unit. Author.
25283 Canada
25284 United States
25285 Afghanistan
25286 Africa
25287 Albania
25288 Algeria
25289 Andorra
25290 Angola
25291 Antarctica
25292 Antigua and Barbuda
25293 Argentina
25294 Armenia
25295 Asia
25296 Australia and the Pacific
25297 Austria
25298 Azerbaijan
25299 Bahamas
25300 Bahrain
25301 Bangladesh
25302 Barbados
25303 Belarus
25304 Belgium
25305 Belize
25306 Benin
25307 Bhutan
25308 Bolivia
25309 Bosnia-Herzegovina
25310 Botswana
25311 Brazil
25312 Brunei
25313 Bulgaria
25314 Burkina Faso
25315 Burma
25316 Burundi
25317 Cambodia
25318 Cameroon
25319 Canada
25320 Cape Verde
25321 Central African Republic
25322 Chad
25323 Chile
25324 China
25325 Colombia
25326 Comoros
25327 Congo (Brazzaville)
25328 Costa Rica
25329 Croatia
25330 Cuba
25331 Cyprus
25332 Czech Republic
25333 Denmark
25334 Djibouti
25335 Dominica
25336 Dominican Republic
25337 Ecuador
25338 Egypt
25339 El Salvador
25340 Equatorial Guinea
25341 Eritrea
25342 Estonia
25343 Ethiopia
25344 Europe
25345 Fiji
25346 Finland
25347 France
25348 French Guiana
25349 Gabon
25350 Gambia
25351 Georgia (Asia)
25352 Germany
25353 Ghana
25354 Greece
25355 Greenland
25356 Grenada
25357 Guatemala
25358 Guinea
25359 Guinea-Bissau
25360 Guyana
25361 Haiti
25362 Honduras
25363 Hungary
25364 Iceland
25365 India
25366 Indonesia
25367 Iran
25368 Iraq
25369 Ireland
25370 Israel
25371 Italy
25372 Ivory Coast
25373 Jamaica
25374 Japan
25375 Jordan
25376 Kazakstan
25377 Kenya
25378 Kiribati
25379 Korea
25380 Kuwait
25381 Kyrgyzstan
25382 Laos
25383 Latvia
25384 Lebanon
25385 Lesotho
25386 Liberia
25387 Libya
25388 Liechtenstein
25389 Lithuania
25390 Luxembourg
25391 Macedonia
25392 Madagascar
25393 Malawi
25394 Malaysia
25395 Maldives
25396 Mali
25397 Malta
25398 Mauritania
25399 Mauritius
25400 Mexico
25401 Moldova
25402 Monaco
25403 Mongolia
25404 Morocco
25405 Mozambique
25406 Namibia
25407 Nauru
25408 Nepal
25409 Netherlands
25410 New Zealand
25411 Nicaragua
25412 Niger
25413 Nigeria
25414 North America
25415 Norway
25416 Oman
25417 Pacific Islands
25418 Pakistan
25419 Panama
25420 Papua New Guinea
25421 Paraguay
25422 Peru
25423 Philippines
25424 Poland
25425 Portugal
25426 Puerto Rico
25427 Qatar
25428 Romania
25429 Russia
25430 Rwanda
25431 San Marino
25432 Sao Tome and Principe
25433 Saudi Arabia
25434 Senegal
25435 Seychelles
25436 Sierra Leone
25437 Singapore
25438 Slovakia
25439 Slovenia
25440 Solomon Islands
25441 Somalia
25442 South Africa
25443 South America
25444 Spain
25445 Sri Lanka
25446 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
25447 St. Lucia
25448 St. Kitts and Nevis
25449 Sudan
25450 Suriname
25451 Swaziland
25452 Sweden
25453 Switzerland
25454 Syria
25455 Taiwan
25456 Tajikistan
25457 Tanzania
25458 Thailand
25459 Togo
25460 Tonga
25461 Trinidad and Tobago
25462 Tunisia
25463 Turkey
25464 Turkmenistan
25465 Tuvalu
25466 Uganda
25467 Ukraine
25468 United States
25469 United Arab Emirates
25470 United Kingdom
25471 Uruguay
25472 Uzbekistan
25473 Vanuatu
25474 Vatican City
25475 Venezuela
25476 Vietnam
25477 Virgin Islands
25478 West Indies
25479 Western Samoa
25480 World
25481 Yemen
25482 Yugoslavia
25483 Congo (Kinshasa)
25484 Zambia
25485 Zimbabwe
25486 Australia (country)
25487 Marshall Islands
25488 Micronesia
25489 Palau
25490 Population density in Africa
25491 Average January temperatures in Africa
25492 Average July temperatures in Africa
25493 Average yearly precipitation in Africa
25494 Agriculture and fishing in Africa
25495 Mining and manufacturing in Africa
25496 Population density in Asia
25497 Average January temperatures in Asia
25498 Average July temperatures in Asia
25499 Average yearly precipitation in Asia
25500 Agriculture and fishing in Asia
25501 Mining and manufacturing in Asia
25502 Population density in Australia
25503 Average January temperatures in Australia
25504 Average July temperatures in Australia
25505 Average yearly precipitation in Australia
25506 Agriculture and fishing in Australia
25507 Mining and manufacturing in Australia
25508 Population density in Europe
25509 Average January temperatures in Europe
25510 Average July temperatures in Europe
25511 Average yearly precipitation in Europe
25512 Agriculture and fishing in Europe
25513 Mining and manufacturing in Europe
25514 Population density in North America
25515 Average January temperatures in North America
25516 Average July temperatures in North America
25517 Average yearly precipitation in North America
25518 Agriculture and fishing in North America
25519 Mining and manufacturing in North America
25520 Population density in South America
25521 Average January temperatures in South America
25522 Average July temperatures in South America
25523 Average yearly precipitation in South America
25524 Agriculture and fishing in South America
25525 Mining and manufacturing in South America
25526 Population density in Brazil
25527 Average January temperatures in Brazil
25528 Average July temperatures in Brazil
25529 Average yearly precipitation in Brazil
25530 Economy in Brazil
25531 Population density in Canada
25532 Average January temperatures in Canada
25533 Average July temperatures in Canada
25534 Average yearly precipitation in Canada
25535 Economy in Canada
25536 Population density in China
25537 Average January temperatures in China
25538 Average July temperatures in China
25539 Average yearly precipitation in China
25540 Economy in China
25541 Population density in France
25542 Average January temperatures in France
25543 Average July temperatures in France
25544 Average yearly precipitation in France
25545 Economy in France
25546 Population density in Germany
25547 Average January temperatures in Germany
25548 Average July temperatures in Germany
25549 Average yearly precipitation in Germany
25550 Economy in Germany
25551 Population density in India
25552 Average January temperatures in India
25553 Average July temperatures in India
25554 Average yearly precipitation in India
25555 Economy in India
25556 Population density in Italy
25557 Average January temperatures in Italy
25558 Average July temperatures in Italy
25559 Average yearly precipitation in Italy
25560 Economy in Italy
25561 Population density in Japan
25562 Average January temperatures in Japan
25563 Average July temperatures in Japan
25564 Average yearly precipitation in Japan
25565 Economy in Japan
25566 Population density in Mexico
25567 Average January temperatures in Mexico
25568 Average July temperatures in Mexico
25569 Average yearly precipitation in Mexico
25570 Economy in Mexico
25571 Population density in Russia
25572 Average January temperatures in Russia
25573 Average July temperatures in Russia
25574 Average yearly precipitation in Russia
25575 Economy in Russia
25576 Population density in South Africa
25577 Average January temperatures in South Africa
25578 Average July temperatures in South Africa
25579 Average yearly precipitation in South Africa
25580 Population density in the United Kingdom
25581 Average January temperatures in the United Kingdom
25582 Average July temperatures in the United Kingdom
25583 Average yearly precipitation in the United Kingdom
25584 Economy in the United Kingdom
25585 Population density in the United States
25586 Average January temperatures in the United States
25587 Average July temperatures in the United States
25588 Average yearly precipitation in the United States
25589 Economy in the United States
25590 Atlanta: City and points of interest
25591 Beijing: City and points of interest
25592 Greater Berlin
25593 Central Berlin
25594 Greater Boston
25595 Downtown Boston
25596 Greater Chicago
25597 Downtown Chicago
25598 Dallas: City and points of interest
25599 Detroit: City and points of interest
25600 Houston: City and points of interest
25601 Greater London
25602 Central London
25603 Greater Los Angeles
25604 Los Angeles: City and points of interest
25605 Greater Mexico City
25606 Central Mexico City
25607 Greater Montreal
25608 Downtown Montreal
25609 Moscow: City and points of interest
25610 New York City: The five boroughs
25611 New York City: Uptown
25612 New York City: Midtown
25613 New York City: Downtown
25614 Greater Paris
25615 Central Paris
25616 Greater Philadelphia
25617 Downtown Philadelphia
25618 Phoenix: City and points of interest
25619 Greater Rome
25620 Central Rome
25621 San Antonio: City and points of interest
25622 San Diego: City and points of interest
25623 San Francisco Bay area
25624 San Francisco: City and points of interest
25625 Metropolis of Tokyo
25626 Central Tokyo
25627 Toronto: City and points of interest
25628 Washington, D.C. area
25629 Washington, D.C.: City and points of interest
25630 Agriculture and fishing in South Africa
25631 Mining and manufacturing in South Africa
25632 Terrain of Africa
25633 Terrain of Asia
25634 Terrain of Australia
25635 Terrain of Europe
25636 Terrain of North America
25637 Terrain of South America
25638 New South Wales
25639 Northern Territory
25640 Queensland
25641 South Australia
25642 Tasmania
25643 Victoria
25644 Western Australia
25645 Andhra Pradesh
25646 Arunachal Pradesh
25647 Assam
25648 Bihar
25649 Goa
25650 Gujarat
25651 Haryana
25652 Himachal Pradesh
25653 Jammu and Kashmir
25654 Karnataka
25655 Kerala
25656 Madhya Pradesh
25657 Maharashta
25658 Manipur
25659 Maghalaya
25660 Mizoram
25661 Nagaland
25662 Orissa
25663 Punjab
25664 Rajasthan
25665 Sikkim
25666 Tamil Nadu
25667 Tripura
25668 Uttar Pradesh
25669 West Bengal
25670 England Counties
25671 Hong Kong region
25672 Hong Kong city
25673 Greater New Orleans
25674 Downtown New Orleans
25675 Seoul: City and points of interest
25676 Arctic Ocean
25677 Atlantic Ocean
25678 Indian Ocean
25679 Pacific Ocean
25680 Guam
25681 Netherlands Antilles
25682 Alberta
25683 British Columbia
25684 Manitoba
25685 New Brunswick
25686 Newfoundland
25687 Northwest Territories
25688 Nova Scotia
25689 Ontario
25690 Prince Edward Island
25691 Quebec
25692 Saskatchewan
25693 Yukon Territory
25694 Alabama
25695 Alaska
25696 Arizona
25697 Arkansas
25698 California
25699 Colorado
25700 Connecticut
25701 Delaware
25702 Florida
25703 Georgia (U.S.)
25704 Hawaii
25705 Idaho
25706 Illinois
25707 Indiana
25708 Iowa
25709 Kansas
25710 Kentucky
25711 Louisiana
25712 Maine
25713 Maryland
25714 Massachusetts
25715 Michigan
25716 Minnesota
25717 Mississippi
25718 Missouri
25719 Montana
25720 Nebraska
25721 Nevada
25722 New Hampshire
25723 New Jersey
25724 New Mexico
25725 New York
25726 North Carolina
25727 North Dakota
25728 Ohio
25729 Oklahoma
25730 Oregon
25731 Pennsylvania
25732 Rhode Island
25733 South Carolina
25734 South Dakota
25735 Tennessee
25736 Texas
25737 Utah
25738 Vermont
25739 Virginia
25740 Washington
25741 West Virginia
25742 Wisconsin
25743 Wyoming
25744 Athens
25745 Belfast
25746 Calgary
25747 Dublin
25748 Edmonton
25749 Honolulu
25750 Jerusalem
25751 Jerusalem-Old City
25752 Louisville
25753 Ottawa
25754 Quebec City
25755 Regina
25756 City of Singapore
25757 Sydney
25758 Sydney Downtown
25759 Vancouver
25760 Venice
25761 Winnipeg
25762 Baltimore
25763 Cincinnati: City and points of interest
25764 Cleveland: City and points of interest
25765 Columbus: City and points of interest
25766 Denver: City and points of interest
25767 Indianapolis: City and points of interest
25768 Jacksonville: City and points of interest
25769 Kansas City: City and points of interest
25770 Memphis: City and points of interest
25771 Miami: City and points of interest
25772 Milwaukee: City and points of interest
25773 Minneapolis: City and points of interest
25774 Pittsburgh: City and points of interest
25775 San Jose: City and points of interest
25776 Seattle: City and points of interest
25777 St. Louis: City and points of interest
25778 The phenomenon called the Doppler effect changes the pitch of sound waves when the source of the
sound is moving relative to the listener.
25779 When a bird flies, its wings make two kinds of movements.
25780 Vertebrates must digest and absorb nutrients.
25781
Space shuttles carry artificial satellites, space probes, and other heavy loads into orbit around the earth.
25782 A camera is basically a box with a lens at one end and a film at the other.
25783 A canal connects two bodies of water that usually have different water levels.
25784 Bees make honey because it provides an important food source for them.
25785 Five kinds of eclipses occur, as demonstrated in the following time-lapse images: a partial eclipse of the
sun, an annular eclipse of the sun, a total eclipse of the sun, a total eclipse of the moon, and a partial
eclipse of the moon.
25786 Every 29-1/2 days, the moon goes through several phases, or appearances as seen from earth.
25787 Tornadoes are the most violent windstorms on earth.
25788 The engine of most cars operates on a four-stroke cycle.
25789 Ozone is a form of oxygen.
25790 A person with normal vision sees objects at all distances in good focus.
25791
A two-stroke cycle engine is used where low cost is important, such as in a powered lawn mower.
25792
People breathe the influenza virus into their lungs, where it enters the cells that line the air passages.
25793 Photosynthesis is a food-making process in green plants.
25794 Medieval castles were designed to be inaccessible to outsiders.
25795 Compact discs, often called CD's, are round, flat plastic discs on which information is stored as a pattern
of tiny pits and flat spaces.
25796 The ancient Egyptians believed that the dead lived on in the next world, and that for this reason their
bodies should be preserved forever.
25797 Skeletal muscles enable people to move.
25798 The outer layer of your teeth, the enamel, is the hardest substance in your body.
25799 Malaria is an infection with one-celled protozoans called Plasmodia.
25800 All the continents of the world seem to be fixed in the same position year after year.
25801 A telephone handset contains a transmitter and a receiver.
25802 Unlike ordinary phones--which connect to the network by wire--a cellular telephone connects with the
network by radio waves.
25803 A spider spins its web out of silk that comes from its silk glands.
25804 This spider is called an orb-web spider.
25805 Your blood pressure is one of the best indicators of your overall health.
25806
Most scientists believe that birds are descended from certain kinds of small, meat-eating dinosaurs.
25807 The ear is designed to collect sound waves travelling through the air.
25808 Fossils are the remains or the marks of formerly living things.
25809 Most frogs mate and produce their babies in water.
25810 In a microwave oven, an electronic vacuum tube called a magnetron produces short radio waves called
microwaves.
25811 Unlike land animals, almost all fish breathe, or get their oxygen, from water.
25812 The Internet is a vast network that allows computers around the world to communicate and share
information.
25813 A snowflake consists of masses of tiny bits of ice.
25814 Most mammals give birth to relatively well-developed offspring.
25815 A submarine has a sleek, cigar-shaped body that enables it to move swiftly underwater.
25816 70 million years ago, during a period in the earth's history called the Mesozoic Era, or Age of Reptiles,
the dominant animals on the earth were dinosaurs.
25817 The volcano is one of the most powerful forces in nature.
25818 NASA began the space shuttle project in 1972.
25819 Classical ballet technique is based on a position of the legs called the turnout.
25820 In the floor exercise, the gymnast must perform a continuous series of movements that require flexibility,
balance, and strength.
25821 On the pommel horse, the gymnast must support his weight entirely with his hands while performing a
series of swinging manoeuvres.
25822 On the ring exercise, the gymnast must try to keep the rings motionless while he executes a number of
difficult manoeuvres with his body.
25823 The men's vault uses the same equipment as the women's vault.
25824 The gymnast performs swings, handstands, and other movements on the parallel bars.
25825 On the horizontal bar, the gymnast must perform acrobatic moves without coming to a stop.
25826 The women's vault uses the same equipment as the men's vault.
25827 The uneven parallel bars event requires the gymnast to execute difficult manoeuvres on both bars while
in constant motion.
25828 On the balance beam, the gymnast tries to use the entire length of the beam.
25829 In the floor exercise, the gymnast demonstrates her skills in acrobatics, tumbling, and dancing.
25830 Rhythmic gymnasts are judged on the grace and difficulty of various manoeuvres performed with
equipment such as a ribbon, clubs, or hoop.
25831 Adolf Hitler began his rise to political power in Germany in l9l9, the year after World War I ended.
25832 Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States from 1861 to 1865.
25833 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected president of the United States four times: in 1932, 1936, 1940,
and 1944.
25834 Theodore Roosevelt served as president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
25835
Many legends exist about George Washington, the first president of the United States of America.
25836 The Great Barrier Reef is the largest group of coral reefs in the world, and one of Australia's most
popular tourist attractions.
25837 Animals of the deserts have developed special bodies and ways of life that enable them to survive in
extreme heat.
25838 Mountains support a variety of animal life.
25839 Animals that live in polar regions must withstand extremely cold temperatures.
25840 Bicycle riders should follow certain safety rules.
25841 The Hubble Space Telescope is an orbiting observatory that was launched in 1990.
25842 Japan is a land of great natural beauty.
25843 The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., was the main leader of the civil rights movement in the United
States during the 1950's and 1960's.
25844 Designed by the famous artist, Pablo Picasso, this steel sculpture stands 50 feet (15 metres) high and
weighs 162 tons (146 metric tons).
25845 Classical ballet technique is based on a position of the legs called the turnout.
25846 Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States from 1861 to 1865.
25847 Many legendary stories exist about George Washington, the first president of the United States of
America.
25848 Animals of the deserts have developed special bodies and ways of life that enable them to survive in
extreme heat.
25849 Falling bodies: throwing
25850 Spectacular auroral displays light up the night sky.
25851 Bats usually spend the daylight hours roosting in an upside-down position.
25852 A male caribou has large, broad antlers.
25853 Elephants live in families of related adult females and their young.
25854 People prize flowers for their beautiful shapes, gorgeous colours, and delightful fragrances.
25855 A gibbon lives in the tops of trees and rarely comes to the ground.
25856 A giraffe can escape enemies by running away.
25857 A jack rabbit has large eyes and long, thin ears.
25858 The lion is one of the largest members of the cat family.
25859 An octopus uses its eight long arms to move along the ocean bottom.
25860 Ostriches cannot fly, but they are known for their speed on the ground.
25861 Salmon are powerful swimmers that overcome many obstacles when travelling.
25862 Seals are excellent divers and swimmers.
25863 The backstroke is performed as you lie on your back.
25864 The breaststroke is done in combination with the breaststroke kick.
25865 The butterfly is a hard stroke to learn.
25866 The front crawl is the fastest and most popular swimming stroke.
25867 A humpback whale is highly acrobatic and can leap out of the water.
25868 Zebras protect themselves from enemies by living in herds.
25869 The crash of the U.S. stockmarket in 1929 signalled the beginning of the Great Depression, the worst
economic crisis of the 1900s.
25870 Apollo 11 was the first space mission to land a human being on the moon.
25871 Before the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, as many as 1,000 people a day emigrated from East Germany
to escape Communist rule and seek a better standard of living in the West.
25872 Cairo is the capital of Egypt and the largest city, in terms of population, in Africa.
25873
The Piazza Navona has been called the most picturesque square in Rome and one of the liveliest.
25874
Leaf-cutter ants cut pieces of leaves from various plants and carry the fragments back to their nest.
25875
A jellyfish swims by expanding its body like an opening umbrella, then pulling it together again rapidly.
25876 A kangaroo hops by moving both of its powerful hind legs together.
25877 The development of aluminium diving boards in the 1960's revolutionized springboard diving.
25878 Interest calculator
25879 Bees make honey because it provides an important food source for them.
25880 After four years of work, including thousands of glider flights, Orville and Wilbur Wright built their first
aeroplane, called the Flyer.
25881 Henry Ford was the leading manufacturer of American motor cars in the early 1900's.
25882 The size and speed of computers have changed dramatically since the development of the first general
purpose electronic digital computer, the ENIAC.
25883 Grasslands include the prairies of North America, the pampas of South America, the plains of Europe,
the steppes of Asia, and the savannas of Africa.
25884 Skeletal muscles enable people to move.
25885
From the smallest creatures in the world to the largest, animals of all sorts live in the vast oceans.
25886 Photosynthesis is a food-making process in green plants.
25887 Temperate forests have warm summers and cold winters.
25888 Tropical forests are warm all year and receive abundant rainfall.
25889 Mohandas Gandhi was an outstanding political and spiritual leader who worked to unify India and free it
from British rule by non-violent resistance.
25890 Mohandas Gandhi was an outstanding political and spiritual leader who worked to unify India and free it
from British rule by non-violent resistance.
25891 South Africa's racial policies have shaped much of its history.
25892 Stonehenge is a monument of massive stones set in circles.
25893 The Venus de Milo is one of the world's most famous works of art.
25894
The Burghers of Calais was the first public monument created by the French sculptor Auguste Rodin.
25895 Shiva is one of the three most important gods of the Hindu religion.
25896 This famous ancient sculpture was discovered in 1863, when a French archaeologist found the statue on
the Greek island of Samothrace.
25897 The Valley of the Kings is a rocky, narrow gorge, which was used as a cemetery by the pharaohs or
kings of ancient Egypt between 1550 and 1100 B.C.
25898 The engine of most cars operates on a four-stroke cycle.
25899
A two-stroke cycle engine is used where low cost is important, such as in a powered lawn mower.
25900 Medieval castles were designed to be inaccessible to outsiders.
25901 Compact discs, often called CD's, are round, flat plastic discs on which information is stored as a pattern
of tiny pits and flat spaces.
25902 The ancient Egyptians believed that the dead lived on in the next world, and that for this reason their
bodies should be preserved forever.
25903 The outer layer of your teeth, the enamel, is the hardest substance in your body.
25904 Falling bodies: dropping
25905 Lever
25906 Power
25907 Pendulum
25908 The Hubble Space Telescope is an orbiting observatory that was launched in 1990.
25909 The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., was the main leader of the civil rights movement in the United
States during the 1950's and 1960's.
25910 The crash of the US stockmarket in 1929 signalled the beginning of the Great Depression, the worst
economic crisis of the 1900s.
25911 Apollo 11 was the first space mission to land a human being on the moon.
25912 Before the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, as many as 1,000 people a day emigrated from East Germany
to escape Communist rule and seek a better standard of living in the West.
25913 After four years of work, including thousands of glider flights, Orville and Wilbur Wright built their first
aeroplane, called the Flyer.
25914 Henry Ford was the leading manufacturer of American motor cars in the early 1900's.
25915 The size and speed of computers have changed dramatically since the development of the first general
purpose electronic digital computer, the ENIAC.
25916 Grasslands include the prairies of North America, the pampas of South America, the plains of Europe,
the steppes of Asia, and the savannas of Africa.
25917
From the smallest creatures in the world to the largest, animals of all sorts live in the vast oceans.
25918 Temperate forests have warm summers and cold winters.
25919 Tropical forests are warm all year and receive abundant rainfall.
25920 The Venus de Milo is one of the world's most famous works of art.
25921
The Burghers of Calais was the first public monument created by the French sculptor Auguste Rodin.
25922 Shiva is one of the three most important gods of the Hindu religion.
25923 This famous ancient sculpture was discovered in 1863, when a French archaeologist found the statue on
the Greek island of Samothrace.
25924 The Valley of the Kings is a rocky, narrow gorge, which was used as a cemetery by the pharaohs or
kings of ancient Egypt between 1550 and 1100 B.C.
25925 South Africa's racial policies have shaped much of its history.
25926 Amelia Earhart was celebrated as a national hero when she became the first woman to fly solo across
the Atlantic Ocean in 1932.
25927 Sound waves: Echo maker
25928 Gravitation and weight
25929 Bumper cars and momentum
25930 The volcano is one of the most powerful forces in nature.
25931 The phenomenon called the Doppler effect changes the pitch of sound waves when the source of the
sound is moving relative to the listener.
25932 When a bird flies, its wings make two kinds of movements.
25933 In the floor exercise, the gymnast must perform a continuous series of movements that require flexibility,
balance, and strength.
25934 On the pommel horse, the gymnast must support his weight entirely with his hands while performing a
series of swinging manoeuvres.
25935 On the ring exercise, the gymnast must try to keep the rings motionless while he executes a number of
difficult manoeuvres with his body.
25936 The men's vault uses the same equipment as the women's vault.
25937 The gymnast performs swings, handstands, and other movements on the parallel bars.
25938 On the horizontal bar, the gymnast must perform acrobatic moves without coming to a stop.
25939 The women's vault uses the same equipment as the men's vault.
25940 The uneven parallel bars event requires the gymnast to execute difficult manoeuvres on both bars while
in constant motion.
25941 On the balance beam, the gymnast tries to use the entire length of the beam.
25942 In the floor exercise, the gymnast demonstrates her skills in acrobatics, tumbling, and dancing.
25943 Rhythmic gymnasts are judged on the grace and difficulty of various manoeuvres performed with
equipment such as a ribbon, clubs, or hoop.
25944 The marlin can make spectacular leaps with its strong body.
25945 The Great Sphinx is the largest and oldest representation of a sphinx from ancient Egypt.
25946 There are 10 pyramids at Giza, including three of the largest and best preserved of all Egyptian
pyramids.
25947
Processing aluminium cans begins at the recycling centre, where clean, dry aluminium cans are either
compacted into bales, or shredded into popcorn-sized pieces of metal that are blown into a trailer.
25948 The process of recycling paper begins in a huge vat called a hydropulper, which operates much the
same way as a kitchen blender.
25949 Thunderstorms are the most common type of storms.
25950 An example of a violent winter storm is a blizzard, a cold, blinding snowstorm.
25951 Hurricanes are large whirling storms that form over the warm waters near the equator.
25952 Alligators hatch from hard-shelled eggs that the female lays in a nest of grass.
25953 A continental glacier, a huge mass of ice, slides slowly to the sea due to its tremendous weight.
25954 Big brown bears, the world's largest meat-eating land animals, include the Alaskan brown bear and the
grizzly bear of western North America.
25955 A cow carries her calf in her body for nine months before giving birth.
25956 New cells are formed by cell division, in which one cell splits to become two cells.
25957 The cheetah is a large, long-legged cat of Africa's grassy plains.
25958 The glistening moisture that appears on blades of grass on clear nights is known as dew.
25959 Dolphins' powerful tail fins and streamlined bodies enable them to move through the water quickly and
easily.
25960 A dust storm is a strong, turbulent wind that carries fine particles of earth for long distances.
25961
In fly fishing, the angler casts the line so that the lure, known as a fly, lightly touches the top of the water.
25962 Geese migrate in the autumn and spring, sometimes flying more than 1,600 kilometres.
25963 While some geysers only bubble in puddles near the ground, others erupt in sensational fountains of
water and steam.
25964 Most guitars, including electric guitars, are made of light wood.
25965 Hippopotamuses are good swimmers and can stay under water for up to six minutes.
25966 Hummingbirds' wings beat up to 70 times per second, enabling the birds to dart forward, backward,
upward, and downward with remarkable speed.
25967 A huge chunk of ice breaks away from a continental glacier and falls into the ocean, becoming an
iceberg.
25968 Fiery, molten rock, or lava, may reach a temperature as high as 12 times that of boiling water.
25969 Mars is the only planet whose surface can be seen in detail from the earth.
25970 Sea otters live in the North Pacific Ocean near the shores of western North America and Siberia.
25971 The owl's large, round eyes and saucer-shaped ruff of feathers make the bird easy to recognize.
25972 The pelican is a large bird that lives near water.
25973 Penguins nest in enormous colonies, called rookeries, that may contain up to a million birds.
25974 Wild sheep are believed to have originated in the lofty plateaus and mountains of central Asia.
25975 The popular sport of alpine skiing involves such skills as the carved parallel turn, in which the skier shifts
his or her weight to turn both skis together.
25976 Steelmaking primarily involves the removal of impurities from iron and scrap metal, and the addition of
desired materials.
25977 The Venus' flytrap is a carnivorous, or meat-eating, plant.
25978 Some volcanic eruptions occur on volcanic islands.
25979
Tiger Woods first gained attention as an amateur golfer, becoming the U.S. Amateur champion in 1994,
1995, and 1996, and impressing fans with his long, accurate drives and brilliant putting skills.
25980 Soccer is the world's most popular sport.
25981 Steeplechasing requires great stamina from racehorses.
25982 The third test match in the 1997 series between England and Australia was played at Old Trafford in
Manchester, England.
25983 The Great Barrier Reef is the largest group of coral reefs in the world, and one of Australia's most
popular tourist attractions.
25984 The Great Sphinx is the largest and oldest representation of a sphinx from ancient Egypt.
25985 There are 10 pyramids at Giza, including three of the largest and best preserved of all Egyptian
pyramids.
25986 A telephone handset contains a transmitter and a receiver.
25987 Unlike ordinary phones, which connect to the network by wire, a cellular telephone connects with the
network by radio waves.
25988 A spider spins its web out of silk that comes from its silk glands.
25989 This spider is called an orb-web spider.
25990 Mars is the only planet whose surface can be seen in detail from the earth.
25991 Stonehenge is a monument of massive stones set in circles.
25992 Your blood pressure is one of the best indicators of your overall health.
25993
Most scientists believe that birds are descended from certain kinds of small, meat-eating dinosaurs.
25994 All the continents of the world seem to be fixed in the same position year after year.
25995 The ear is designed to collect sound waves travelling through the air.
25996 Fossils are the remains or the marks of formerly living things.
25997 Most frogs mate and produce their babies in water.
25998 Amelia Earhart was celebrated as a national hero when she became the first woman to fly solo across
the Atlantic Ocean in 1932.
25999 Buoyancy: Float your boat
26000 Flight: Throwing a disc
26001 Mirror: Distorting mirrors
26002 Glider
26003 Magnifying glass
26004 In a microwave oven, an electronic vacuum tube called a magnetron produces short radio waves called
microwaves.
26005 Unlike land animals, almost all fish breathe, or get their oxygen, from water.
26006 The Internet is a vast network that allows computers around the world to communicate and share
information.
26007 A snowflake consists of masses of tiny bits of ice.
26008 A United States space shuttle orbiter carries objects into space in its huge cargo bay.
26009 A camera is basically a box with a lens at one end and film at the other.
26010 A canal connects two bodies of water that may have different water levels.
26011 Five kinds of eclipses occur, as demonstrated in the following time-lapse images: a partial eclipse of the
sun, an annular eclipse of the sun, a total eclipse of the sun, a total eclipse of the moon, and a partial
eclipse of the moon.
26012 Every 29-1/2 days, the moon goes through several phases, or appearances as seen from Earth.
26013 Tornadoes are the most violent windstorms on the earth.
26014 A submarine has a sleek, cigar-shaped body that enables it to move swiftly underwater.
26015
Processing aluminium cans begins at the recycling centre, where clean, dry aluminium cans are either
compacted into bales, or shredded into popcorn-sized pieces of metal that are blown into a trailer.
26016 The process of recycling paper begins in a huge vat called a hydropulper, which operates much the
same way as a kitchen blender.
26017 Most mammals give birth to relatively well-developed offspring.
26018 Malaria is an infection with one-celled protozoans called Plasmodia.
26019
Tiger Woods first gained attention as an amateur golfer, becoming the U.S. Amateur champion in 1994,
1995, and 1996, and impressing fans with his long, accurate drives and brilliant putting skills.
26020 Vertebrates must digest and absorb nutrients.
26021 70 million years ago, during a period in the earth's history called the Mesozoic Era, or Age of Reptiles,
the dominant animals on the earth were dinosaurs.
26022 Ozone is a form of oxygen.
26023 A person with normal vision sees objects at all distances in good focus.
26024
People breathe the influenza virus into their lungs, where it enters the cells that line the air passages.
26025 NASA began the space shuttle project in 1972.
26026 Adolf Hitler began his rise to political power in Germany in l9l9, the year after World War I ended.
26027 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected president of the United States four times: in 1932, 1936, 1940,
and 1944.
26028 Theodore Roosevelt served as president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
26029 Mountains support a variety of animal life.
26030 Animals that live in polar regions must withstand extremely cold temperatures.
26031 Bicycle riders should follow certain safety rules.
26032 Japan is a land of great natural beauty.
26033 Designed by the famous artist, Pablo Picasso, this steel sculpture stands 50 feet (15 metres) high and
weighs 162 tons (146 metric tons).
26034
The Piazza Navona has been called the most picturesque square in Rome and one of the liveliest.
26035 Cairo is the capital of Egypt and the largest city, in terms of population, in Africa.
26036 Falling bodies: throwing
26037 Interest calculator
26038 Falling bodies: dropping
26039 Lever
26040 Power
26041 Pendulum
26042 Sound waves: Echo maker
26043 Gravitation and weight
26044 Bumper cars and momentum
26045 Buoyancy: Float your boat
26046 Flight: Throwing a disc
26047 Mirror: Distorting mirrors
26048 Glider
26049 Magnifying glass
26050 The Statue of Liberty, a symbol of freedom and opportunity for immigrants to the United States, stands
on Liberty Island in New York Harbor.
26051 Dinosaurs still excite curiosity, though they died out millions of years ago.
26052 The Mount of Olives is a hill just east of Jerusalem where Jesus Christ spent some of His last time on
Earth.
26053 Tower Bridge crosses the River Thames in the East End of London.
26054 The National Aviation Museum in Ottawa, Canada, has dozens of authentic aircraft from the early days
of flying.
26055 The National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., has exhibits that trace the history of aviation
and space flight.
26056 Alcatraz was a famous American prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.
26057 The Arc de Triomphe (Arch of Triumph) is a huge stone arch at the western end of the Champs Elysees
in Paris.
26058 The Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta has a dome covered with gold that was mined in Dahlonega,
Georgia.
26059 Professional baseball teams play on a field called a diamond in a large stadium.
26060 The Brooklyn Bridge spans the East River, connecting the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan in New
York City.
26061 Buckingham Palace is the London residence of the British monarch.
26062 The United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., is the building where Congress meets to make the
nation's laws.
26063 A full-rigged merchant ship was designed to carry heavy loads of cargo across the ocean.
26064
The Colosseum is a huge, half-ruined amphitheatre in the centre of Rome that dates from A.D. 80.
26065 Cowboys moved large herds of cattle great distances from western ranches to a railway station for
shipment to Eastern markets.
26066 Death Valley is a desert basin in eastern California that ranks as the driest and lowest place in the
United States.
26067 Zion National Park in Utah is known for its colourful canyons and unusual formations of red and orange
rock.
26068 The Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Canada, features one of the world's largest
collections of dinosaur fossils.
26069 The Eiffel Tower is known throughout the world as a symbol of Paris.
26070 The Forum in Rome was the centre of government of the Roman Empire.
26071 The spectacular Golden Gate Bridge spans a channel at the entrance of San Francisco Bay.
26072
The massive concrete walls of the Hoover Dam hold back the Colorado River near Las Vegas, Nevada.
26073 Manger Square, the heart of the West Bank town of Bethlehem, is the location of the Church of Nativity,
and is regarded by Christians as one of their holiest places.
26074 The Citadel, an ancient stone fortress, was built during the reign of King Herod the Great in the last
century before the birth of Christ.
26075 Beautiful parks, such as Ueno Park in Tokyo, reflect the Japanese love of nature.
26076 The Zojoji Temple in Tokyo, built in 1393, served as the official temple of the Tokugawa clan, which
ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867.
26077 A street called the Via Dolorosa (Way of Sorrows) in Jerusalem is believed to be the route over which
Jesus Christ carried His cross to Calvary.
26078 The Old City, which lies on the site of ancient Jerusalem, is surrounded by a massive stone walls almost
12 metres high.
26079 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem stands on the site said to be Calvary, the place where
Jesus Christ was crucified.
26080 The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is one of the holiest Muslim shrines.
26081 Michael Jordan's high-scoring play attracts sell-out crowds at the United Center, the home of his team,
the Chicago Bulls.
26082
The famous Liberty Bell was rung in 1776 to announce the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
26083 A huge statue of Abraham Lincoln by the famous sculptor Daniel Chester French dominates the Lincoln
Memorial in Washington, D.C.
26084 St. James's Park in London attracts visitors with its tree-lined paths and ornamental ponds.
26085 Trafalgar Square is one of London's best-known squares.
26086 Piccadilly Circus forms the centre of London's theatreland in the heart of the West End.
26087 St. Paul's Cathedral in London is a masterpiece of English baroque architecture.
26088 Horseguards Parade is a large parade ground in London famous for the spectacle of the Trooping of the
Colour, a military parade to celebrate the British monarch's accession to the throne.
26089 The Louvre in Paris is one of the world's greatest art museums.
26090 The ruins of Palenque, an ancient Mayan city in the Mexican state of Chiapas, are dominated by the 23
metre high Temple of Inscriptions, built as a tomb by the Mayan king Pacal.
26091
A typical mosque has a spacious sanctuary designed to hold an entire community of worshippers.
26092 Mount Fuji, overlooking Yamanaka Lake, is a volcanic peak on the island of Honshu in Japan.
26093 Central Park's natural scenery, which includes a lake and wooded areas, provides New Yorkers with an
alternative to the sights and sounds of Manhattan.
26094 The broad Seine River flows under more than 30 bridges in Paris and curves through the city for about
13 kilometres.
26095 The Parisian love of the arts is evident even in the Paris Metro, (underground railway).
26096 The Moulin Rouge (Red Windmill) is a famous nightclub in the Montmartre district of Paris.
26097 The Champs Elysees is the most famous avenue in Paris.
26098 The transparent walls of the Georges Pompidou National Centre of Art and Culture in Paris leave the
building's beams and ducts visible from the outside.
26099 The tomb of Emperor Napoleon I lies in Paris within the Eglise du Dome, (Church of the Dome).
26100 The gleaming white domes of the Basilique du Sacre Coeur (Basilica of the Sacred Heart), stand at the
peak of Montmartre, the highest hill in Paris.
26101 The enchanting world of puppets is filled with colourful figures of every description, including animals
and fairy-tale characters.
26102 The Pyramids of Giza stand on the west bank of the Nile River near Cairo.
26103 A modern recording studio consists of a gallery, where the musicians play music, and a control room,
where the sound engineers record the music.
26104 The giant sequoia, also known as redwoods, are one of the largest and oldest living things.
26105 People have used rockets for space travel since 1961.
26106 The Rocky Mountains form the North American continental divide, the high ground that separates
streams which flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico,
and Arctic Ocean.
26107 Auguste Rodin's brooding figure called The Thinker (1889) is probably the French sculptor's most
famous work.
26108
The huge, elaborate monument of Victor Emmanuel II in Rome honours the first king of a united Italy.
26109 The Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, was built as an exhibition hall for the Panama-Pacific
International Exposition in 1915.
26110 The California Palace of the Legion of Honor is an art museum in San Francisco, noted for its collection
of works by the French sculptor Auguste Rodin.
26111 Some of San Francisco's streetcars, or trams, have no engines.
26112 The Astronauts Memorial at Kennedy Space Center, near Cape Canaveral, Florida, U.S.A., was
dedicated in 1991 as a memorial to the astronauts who have lost their lives while serving in the space
programme.
26113 Stonehenge lies on Salisbury Plain in southwestern England.
26114 The Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C., is where the Supreme Court of the United States
meets.
26115 Saint Mark's Square is a favourite meeting place for tourists and residents in Venice, Italy.
26116 Venice, Italy, founded in A.D. 452, was built on about 120 islands in the Adriatic Sea.
26117 The Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy, crosses the Grand Canal in the heart of the city.
26118 The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., honours the Americans who served in the
Vietnam War.
26119 The Western Wall, also called the Wailing Wall, in Jerusalem, was all that remained of the ancient
Second Temple of the Jews after the Roman general Titus destroyed it in A.D. 70.
26120 Westminster Abbey is a beautiful church in London.
26121 After they are harvested, grapes for wine are transported directly from the vineyard to the winery for
processing.
26122 The Brooklyn Bridge spans the East River, connecting the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan in New
York City.
26123 The United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., is the building where Congress meets to make the
nation's laws.
26124
The Colosseum is a huge, half-ruined amphitheatre in the centre of Rome that dates from A.D. 80.
26125 The Louvre in Paris is one of the world's greatest art museums.
26126 A modern recording studio consists of a gallery, where the musicians play music, and a control room,
where the sound engineers record the music.
26127 Westminster Abbey is a beautiful church in London.
26128 The great American architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed the house called Fallingwater to perch
dramatically over a waterfall.
26129 The great American architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed the house called Fallingwater to perch
dramatically over a waterfall.
26130 St. Paul's Cathedral in London is a masterpiece of English baroque architecture.
26131 The ancient city of Petra in what is now Jordan was often called the rose-red city because of its red
stone buildings and the red cliffs that surrounded them.
26132
The conversion of Darling Harbour from an old commercial port to a harbourside development with
museums, shops, and restaurants has made this a major attraction for both tourists and Sydneysiders.
26133 Two of Sydney's most famous landmarks may be seen from this spot on Bennelong Point.
26134 The Rocks is an area on the west shore of Sydney Cove, which was the site of the first European
settlement in Australia.
26135 The Merlion, half lion and half fish, is a symbol of Singapore, the "Lion City".
26136 Malaysia's capital city is home to the tallest building in the world.
26137 Blarney Castle, near Cork City, was built in the mid 1400's to stem the advance of the Normans in
Ireland.
26138 Blarney Castle, near Cork City, was built in the mid 1400's to stem the advance of the Normans in
Ireland.
26139 Halfpenny Bridge is the only footbridge on the River Liffey, for which a toll was once charged.
26140
The U.S.S. Bowfin, a retired World War II submarine, sits on permanent display at the U.S.S. Bowfin
Submarine Museum & Park near the Pearl Harbor Naval Base on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
26141
The U.S.S. Bowfin, a retired World War II submarine, sits on permanent display at the U.S.S. Bowfin
Submarine Museum & Park near the Pearl Harbor Naval Base on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
26142
The U.S.S. Bowfin, a retired World War II submarine, sits on permanent display at the U.S.S. Bowfin
Submarine Museum & Park near the Pearl Harbor Naval Base on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
26143 The Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg is Russia's largest art museum.
26144 The Winter Palace, now part of the Hermitage Museum, sits off Palace Square in the heart of St.
Petersburg.
26145 Cathedral Square lies in the historic centre of the Kremlin, an elevated fortress in Moscow.
26146 The spectacular waterfalls of the Niagara River, among the great natural wonders of North America,
attract about 10 million visitors each year.
26147
An operating theatre contains all the equipment and supplies needed for surgery, such as scalpels,
gauze bandages, and machines for delivering oxygen and anaesthetic gases to the patient.
26148 An exact replica of the Oval Office during the Administration of President Jimmy Carter, the 39th
president of the United States, is part of the museum at the Jimmy Carter Library in Atlanta, in Carter's
home state of Georgia, U.S.A.
26149 The Great Palace at Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg was one of the most notable of the Russian czars'
residences.
26150 The Plaza de Espana in Seville, Spain, lies in the beautifully landscaped Parque Maria Luisa, the city's
largest park.
26151 The magnificent Catherine Palace is the grandest of the buildings at the town of Pushkin, formerly
known as Tsarkoye Selo, south of St. Petersburg, Russia.
26152 The Capillo Real (Royal Chapel) in the Cathedral of Seville, Spain, offers a dazzling display of
exquisitely wrought gold and intricate stonework.
26153 The flight deck of the space shuttle occupies the uppermost compartment of the cabin.
26154
Machu Picchu in the Andes Mountains of Peru is one of the most mysterious of all ancient Inca sites.
26155 Ancient ruins rise above rice paddies in the lush countryside outside Hoi An, an ancient seaport about 30
kilometres southeast of Da Nang, Vietnam.
26156 This bubble view shows a mock-up of the International Space Station, which is currently being built and
is scheduled to become operational in 2003.
26157 This bubble view shows a mock-up of the International Space Station, which is currently being built and
is scheduled to become operational in 2003.
26158 The House of Commons, Westminster, London.
26159 A pedestrian waterfront on the Kowloon side of Hong Kong harbour.
26160 The Sala de las dos Hermanas (Hall of the Two Sisters) is one of the most impressive halls in the
Alhambra Palace.
26161 The Patio de los Leones (Court of the Lions) is so named because of the Fountain of the Lions at its
centre.
26162 The new Globe Theatre is the first building in London to have a thatched roof since the Great Fire of
London in 1666.
26163 The interior of the Globe Theatre.
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